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Kawabata M, Shima N. Interaction of breathing pattern and posture on abdominal muscle activation and intra-abdominal pressure in healthy individuals: a comparative cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11338. [PMID: 37443166 PMCID: PMC10344968 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37629-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to assess the effects of interaction between several breathing patterns and postures on abdominal muscle activation and intra-abdominal pressure (IAP). This comparative cross-sectional study enrolled fourteen healthy university students majoring in sports science and/or physical education. They performed four active breathing tasks: quiet nasal breathing (Q-Bre), nasal deep breathing (Deep-Bre), completely forced expiration (Forced-Expi), and exertional nasal inhalation with abdominal muscles with isometric contraction (Exertion-Inspi) in the elbow-toe plank and supine postures. Breathing volume; IAP; and transverse abdominis-internal oblique muscle (TrA-IO) and external oblique muscle (EO) activities were recorded. Abdominal muscle activity and IAP significantly interacted with breathing pattern and postures during the expiratory phase (p < 0.05). In the inspiratory phase, TrA-IO activity was significantly affected by breathing pattern and EO activity with posture (p < 0.05). TrA-IO activity significantly increased during Forced-Expi in the supine posture (47.6% of the maximum voluntary contraction) and Exertion-Inspi in the elbow-toe posture (35.7%), whereas no differences were found during Deep-Bre or Q-Bre (< 20%). EO activity increased in the elbow-toe posture (22.5-30.6%) compared with that in the supine posture (< 5%) during all breathing tasks. IAP values were low during all tasks (< 15%) except for Forced-Expi (24.9%). Abdominal muscle activation and IAP interacted with the breathing pattern and posture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Kawabata
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Norihiro Shima
- School of Sport and Health Science, Tokai Gakuen University, 21-233, Nishinohora, Ukigai, Miyoshi, Aichi, 470-0207, Japan.
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Walters S, Hoffman B, MacAskill W, Johnson MA, Sharpe GR, Mills DE. The control of respiratory pressures and neuromuscular activation to increase force production in trained martial arts practitioners. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:3333-3347. [PMID: 34432148 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04800-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The mechanisms that explain the ability of trained martial arts practitioners to produce and resist greater forces than untrained individuals to aid combat performance are not fully understood. We investigated whether the greater ability of trained martial arts practitioners to produce and resist forces was associated with an enhanced control of respiratory pressures and neuromuscular activation of the respiratory, abdominal, and pelvic floor musculature. METHODS Nine trained martial arts practitioners and nine untrained controls were instrumented with skin-surface electromyography (EMG) on the sternocleidomastoid, rectus abdominis, and the group formed by the transverse abdominal and internal oblique muscles (EMGtra/io). A multipair oesophageal EMG electrode catheter measured gastric (Pg), transdiaphragmatic (Pdi), and oesophageal (Pe) pressures and EMG of the crural diaphragm (EMGdi). Participants performed Standing Isometric Unilateral Chest Press (1) and Standing Posture Control (2) tasks. RESULTS The trained group produced higher forces normalised to body mass2/3 (0.033 ± 0.01 vs. 0.025 ± 0.007 N/kg2/3 mean force in Task 1), lower Pe, and higher Pdi in both tasks. Additionally, they produced higher Pg (73 ± 42 vs. 49 ± 19 cmH2O mean Pg) and EMGtra/io in Task 1 and higher EMGdi in Task 2. The onset of Pg with respect to the onset of force production was earlier, and the relative contributions of Pg/Pe and Pdi/Pe were higher in the trained group in both tasks. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that trained martial arts practitioners utilised a greater contribution of abdominal and diaphragm musculature to chest wall recruitment and higher Pdi to produce and resist higher forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherrilyn Walters
- Respiratory and Exercise Physiology Research Group, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, 11 Salisbury Road, Ipswich, QLD, 4305, Australia.
- Centre for Health Research, Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD, Australia.
| | - Ben Hoffman
- Respiratory and Exercise Physiology Research Group, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, 11 Salisbury Road, Ipswich, QLD, 4305, Australia
- Centre for Health Research, Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD, Australia
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - William MacAskill
- Respiratory and Exercise Physiology Research Group, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, 11 Salisbury Road, Ipswich, QLD, 4305, Australia
- Centre for Health Research, Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael A Johnson
- Exercise and Health Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, UK
| | - Graham R Sharpe
- Exercise and Health Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, UK
| | - Dean E Mills
- Respiratory and Exercise Physiology Research Group, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, 11 Salisbury Road, Ipswich, QLD, 4305, Australia
- Centre for Health Research, Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD, Australia
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