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Ang CL, Kong PW. Field-Based Biomechanical Assessment of the Snatch in Olympic Weightlifting Using Wearable In-Shoe Sensors and Videos-A Preliminary Report. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:1171. [PMID: 36772210 PMCID: PMC9919757 DOI: 10.3390/s23031171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, the biomechanical analysis of Olympic weightlifting movements required laboratory equipment such as force platforms and transducers, but such methods are difficult to implement in practice. This study developed a field-based method using wearable technology and videos for the biomechanical assessment of weightlifters. To demonstrate the practicality of our method, we collected kinetic and kinematic data on six Singapore National Olympic Weightlifters. The participants performed snatches at 80% to 90% of their competition one-repetition maximum, and the three best attempts were used for the analysis. They wore a pair of in-shoe force sensors loadsol® (novel, Munich, Germany) to measure the vertical ground reaction forces under each foot. Concurrently, a video camera recorded the barbell movement from the side. The kinematics (e.g., trajectories and velocities) of the barbell were extracted using a free video analysis software (Kinovea). The power-time history was calculated from the force and velocity data. The results showed differences in power, force, and barbell velocity with moderate to almost perfect reliability. Technical inconsistency in the barbell trajectories were also identified. In conclusion, this study presented a simple and practical approach to evaluating weightlifters using in-shoe wearable sensors and videos. Such information can be useful for monitoring progress, identifying errors, and guiding training plans for weightlifters.
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The Impact of Exercise Training Intensity on Physiological Adaptations and Insulin Resistance in Women with Abdominal Obesity. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10122533. [PMID: 36554057 PMCID: PMC9778339 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10122533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal obesity has emerged globally as a major public health issue due to its high prevalence and morbidity. The benefits of physical exercise among the obese population are well documented. However, the optimal exercise intensity for reducing body fat and preventing insulin resistance and metabolic disorders is still under debate. This study aimed to examine the effects of three different intensities of combined endurance and strength training programs on anthropometric variables, physiological and muscular adaptations, and insulin sensitivity. Forty-three obese young women (age 26.4 ± 4.7 years, BMI 33.1 ± 2.5 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to one of four groups: a control group (G0), a moderate-intensity training group (G50, exercising brisk walking at 50% heart rate reserve HRR), a high-intensity training group (G75, exercise jogging at 75% HRR), and an alternated-intensity training group (G50/75, exercise brisk-walking/jogging at 50−75% HRR) with additional strength training once a week for each group. Body composition, waist circumference (WC), fasting blood glucose, insulin sensitivity and resistance (Homa-IR), resting heart rate (RHR), 6-min walk distance (6MWD), 1-repetition maximum (1-RM), and time to exhaustion (TTE) at 45% and 75% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) for both the flexor and extensor muscle groups of the knees, were recorded before and after three months of exercise training. All training groups showed significant decreases in body mass, BMI, total body fat, body fat percentage, WC, abdominal and visceral mass (p < 0.001), with a greater reduction of body mass and BMI in G75 (p < 0.05). Lean mass increased significantly only in G50/75 (p < 0.05). The insulin sensitivity and Homa-IR decreased in the three training groups (p < 0.01), with greater enhanced resistance in G50 compared to G75 and G50/75 (p < 0.05). In contrast, there were no pre-post changes in all groups for fasting blood glucose (p > 0.05). 1-RM and TTE of the knee flexor and extensor muscles were improved in the three groups (p < 0.01), with greater improvement in G50/75 for 1RM and G75 in most of the TTE parameters (p < 0.05). RHR decreased and 6MWD increased significantly in the three training groups (p < 0.01), with greater 6MWD improvement in G75 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the three training intensities seem to generate benefits in terms of body composition, physiological and muscular adaptations, and insulin resistance. High training intensity resulted in greater improvements in body mass, BMI, and endurance and strength, whereas moderate training intensity resulted in greater improvements of insulin resistance and homo-IR. Following alternate-intensity training, greater improvements were observed in lean mass and maximal strength performance.
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Schmitzhaus VM, Oliveira WG, Almeida MBD. High-intensity effort impairs basketball free-throw shooting efficiency. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-657420220000422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Soriano MA, Kipp K, Lake JP, Suchomel TJ, Marín PJ, Sainz De Baranda MP, Comfort P. Mechanical power production assessment during weightlifting exercises. A systematic review. Sports Biomech 2020; 22:633-659. [PMID: 32336212 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2020.1747529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The assessment of the mechanical power production is of great importance for researchers and practitioners. The purpose of this review was to compare the differences in ground reaction force (GRF), kinematic, and combined (bar velocity x GRF) methods to assess mechanical power production during weightlifting exercises. A search of electronic databases was conducted to identify all publications up to 31 May 2019. The peak power output (PPO) was selected as the key variable. The exercises included in this review were clean variations, which includes the hang power clean (HPC), power clean (PC) and clean. A total of 26 articles met the inclusion criteria with 53.9% using the GRF, 38.5% combined, and 30.8% the kinematic method. Articles were evaluated and descriptively analysed to enable comparison between methods. The three methods have inherent methodological differences in the data analysis and measurement systems, which suggests that these methods should not be used interchangeably to assess PPO in Watts during weightlifting exercises. In addition, this review provides evidence and rationale for the use of the GRF to assess power production applied to the system mass while the kinematic method may be more appropriate when looking to assess only the power applied to the barbell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos A Soriano
- Physical Activity and Sport Department, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Camilo José Cela University. Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Madrid, Spain.,Directorate of Sport, Exercise and Physiotherapy, University of Salford, Salford UK
| | - Kristof Kipp
- Department of Exercise Science and Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, USA
| | - Jason P Lake
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
| | - Timothy J Suchomel
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Carroll University, Waukesha, USA
| | | | | | - Paul Comfort
- Directorate of Sport, Exercise and Physiotherapy, University of Salford, Salford UK
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Jukic I, Tufano JJ. Acute effects of shorter but more frequent rest periods on mechanical and perceptual fatigue during a weightlifting derivative at different loads in strength-trained men. Sports Biomech 2020; 21:1122-1135. [PMID: 32336216 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2020.1747530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Traditional sets can be fatiguing, but redistributing rest periods to be shorter and more frequent may help maintain peak vertical barbell displacement (DISP) and reduce concentric repetition duration (CRDI), peak velocity decline (PVD) and perceptual exertion (RPE) across multiple repetitions, sets and loads during clean pulls. Fifteen strength-trained men performed: 3 traditional sets of 6 clean pulls using 80% (TS80), 100% (TS100) and 120% (TS120) of power clean 1RM with 180 seconds of inter-set rest; and 3 'rest redistribution' protocols of 9 sets of 2 clean pulls using 80% (RR80), 100% (RR100) and 120% (RR120) of power clean 1RM with 45 seconds of inter-set rest. DISP was greater during RR100 (g = 0.39) and RR120 (g = 0.56) compared to TS100 and TS120, respectively. In addition, PVD was less during RR120 than TS120 (g = 1.18), while CRDI was greater during TS100 (g = 0.98) and TS120 (g = 0.89) compared to RR100 and RR120, respectively. Also, RR protocols resulted in lower RPE across the sets at all loads (g = 1.11-1.24). Therefore, RR generally resulted in lower perceptual and mechanical fatigue, evidenced by lower RPE, PVD, CRDI and greater DISP than TS, and these differences became even more exaggerated as the barbell load and the number of sets performed increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Jukic
- Sport Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.,Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - James J Tufano
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Ammar A, MounaTurki, Trabelsi K, Bragazzi NL, Boukhris O, Bouaziz M, Ayadi F, El Abed K, Driss T, Souissi N, Chtourou H, Bailey SJ, Hoekelmann A. Effects of natural polyphenol-rich pomegranate juice on the acute and delayed response of Homocysteine and steroidal hormones following weightlifting exercises: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2020; 17:15. [PMID: 32143716 PMCID: PMC7060517 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-020-00345-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maximal strength-speed exercise is a powerful stimulus to acutely increase concentrations of circulating steroid hormones and homocysteine [Hcy]. There is some evidence that antioxidant beverages rich in polyphenols can attenuate [Hcy] levels and modulate endocrine responses in favor of an anabolic environment. Polyphenols-rich pomegranate (POM) have been reported to possess one of the highest antioxidant capacities compared to other purported nutraceuticals and other food stuffs. Studies focused on proving the beneficial effect of POM consumption during maximal strength exercises have only measured physical performance, muscle damage, oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, while POM effects on [Hcy] and hormonal adaptations are lacking. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of consuming natural polyphenol-rich pomegranate juice (POMj) on the acute and delayed [Hcy] and steroidal hormonal responses to a weightlifting exercises session. METHODS Nine elite weightlifters (21.0 ± 1 years) performed two Olympic-weightlifting sessions after ingesting either the placebo (PLA) or POMj supplements. Venous blood samples were collected at rest and 3 min and 48 h after each session. RESULTS Compared to baseline values, circulating cortisol [C] decreased (p < 0.01) and testosterone/cortisol [T/C] ratio increased immediately following the training session in both PLA and POMj conditions (p = 0.003 for PLA and p = 0.02 for POM). During the 48 h recovery period, all tested parameters were shown to recover to baseline values in both conditions with significant increases in [C] and decreases in [T/C] (p < 0.01 for PLA and p < 0.05 for POMj) from 3 min to 48 h post-exercises. Compared to PLA, a lower level of plasma testosterone [T] was registered 3 min post exercise using POMj supplementation (p = 0.012) and a significant decrease (p = 0.04, %change = - 14%) in plasma [Hcy] was registered during the 48 h recovery period only using POMj. A moderate correlation was observed between [Hcy] and [T] responses (p = 0.002, r = - 0.50). CONCLUSION In conclusion, supplementation with POMj has the potential to attenuate the acute plasma [T] response, but did not effect 48 h recovery kinetics of [Hcy] following weightlifting exercise. Further studies investigating androgen levels in both plasma and muscular tissue are needed to resolve the functional consequences of the observed acute POMj effect on plasma [T]. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials.gov, ID: NCT02697903. Registered 03 March 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achraf Ammar
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39104, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Unit of Research Molecular Bases of Human Diseases, 12ES17, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - MounaTurki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, CHU Habib Bourguiba, Sfax University, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Omar Boukhris
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Bouaziz
- High Institute of Biotechnology, Sfax University, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Ayadi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, CHU Habib Bourguiba, Sfax University, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Kais El Abed
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Tarak Driss
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2-2APS), UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
| | - Nizar Souissi
- Activité Physique, Sport et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport, 1003, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
- Activité Physique, Sport et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport, 1003, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Stephen J Bailey
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Anita Hoekelmann
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39104, Magdeburg, Germany
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Ammar A, Riemann BL, Trabelsi K, Blaumann M, Abdelkarim O, Chtourou H, Driss T, Hökelmann A. Comparison of 2- and 3-Minute Inter-Repetition Rest Periods on Maximal Jerk Technique and Power Maintenance. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2019; 90:287-296. [PMID: 30990367 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2019.1594664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of 3- vs. 2-minute inter maximal-repetition rest period (IMRRP) on maintaining jerk technical efficiency and power production during two successive maximal repetitions of Clean & Jerk (C&J). Methods: In a randomized, within subject, repeated measures design, nine elite-weightlifters (age: 24.4 ± 3.6 years, body mass: 77.2 ± 7.1 kg, height 176.0 ± 6.4 cm and 1RM C&J: 170.0 ± 5.0 kg) performed 2-separate testing sessions using 2 (IMRRP-2) and 3 (IMRRP-3) -minute IMRRP, while barbell kinematics and kinetics and joint kinematics were recorded. Results: Statistical analysis showed that one minute longer IMRRP enhanced the maintenance of optimal jerk technique evidenced by reducing declines in peak vertical barbell displacement (2.74%; p = .03), peak barbell velocity (2.89%; p = .03), and peak knee (1.61%; p = .03) and hip extensions (1.59%; p = .03) during the drive phase of the jerk. Additionally, IMRRP-3 led to maintaining optimal lifting strategy by reducing the increase in horizontal displacement during the descending (3.85%; p = .04) and ascending (5.42%; p = .02) phases. Increasing IMRRP from 2min to 3min was also shown to enhance kinetic variables evidenced by prompting higher peak vGRF (2.01%; p = .04) and power (2.55%; p = .04). Conclusion: To better identify an athlete's maximal jerk technique and power maintenance, the results of this study suggest 3min as more appropriate IMRRP during successive C&J at 100% 1RM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achraf Ammar
- a Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg
- b Sfax University
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