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Chen Z, Wu W, Qiang L, Wang C, He Z, Wang Y. The effect of ischemic preconditioning on physical fitness and performance: a meta-analysis in healthy adults. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024:10.1007/s00421-024-05633-w. [PMID: 39422720 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-024-05633-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 10/01/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This meta-analysis aims to assess the impact of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on physical fitness and performance, with a focus on its specific role in aerobic endurance, anaerobic endurance, explosive power and strength. METHODS Systematic searches were conducted across multiple databases (CNKI, CBM, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase) up to September 6, 2023. We included studies that employed randomized controlled trial methods and sham ischemic preconditioning as the placebo group, and two reviewers independently screened literature and extracted data, using Review Manager 5.3 for analysis. RESULTS This meta-analysis comprises 27 articles with 405 individuals, selected according to specified criteria. IPC significantly increased the blood lactate concentration after anaerobic speed endurance exercise (MD = 0.74, P = 0.03), the blood lactate concentration after incremental exercise (MD = 0.49, P = 0.04), the blood lactate concentration after muscular endurance exercise (MD = 0.68, P = 0.02), and the one-repetition maximum (MD = 1.38, P = 0.00001). Furthermore, it also significantly shortened completion time of the exercises primarily powered by glycolysis (MD = - 0.49, P = 0.01) and completion time of the exercises primarily powered by aerobic system (MD = - 7.27, P = 0.05), while marginally prolonging time to exhaustion (MD = 22.68, P = 0.08). However, IPC had no significant effect on maximum oxygen uptake, blood lactate concentration in fixed-load aerobic endurance exercise, peak power, or peak aerobic power, nor on completion time of the exercises primarily powered by phosphagen system. CONCLUSION IPC could serve as a method to enhance physical performance, particularly for exercises primarily powered by aerobic system and glycolysis. Future research might explore how various cycles, locations, and widths of IPC affect the physical performance of participants with different activity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chen
- Beijing Sport University, No. 48 Xinxi Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wenqiang Wu
- Beijing Sport University, No. 48 Xinxi Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Lijun Qiang
- Ningxia Vocational College of Sports, Ningxia, 750021, China
| | - Congshuai Wang
- Beijing Sport University, No. 48 Xinxi Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhijian He
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Beijing Sport University, No. 48 Xinxi Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China
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Nuzzo JL, Pinto MD, Nosaka K, Steele J. Maximal Number of Repetitions at Percentages of the One Repetition Maximum: A Meta-Regression and Moderator Analysis of Sex, Age, Training Status, and Exercise. Sports Med 2024; 54:303-321. [PMID: 37792272 PMCID: PMC10933212 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01937-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The maximal number of repetitions that can be completed at various percentages of the one repetition maximum (1RM) [REPS ~ %1RM relationship] is foundational knowledge in resistance exercise programming. The current REPS ~ %1RM relationship is based on few studies and has not incorporated uncertainty into estimations or accounted for between-individuals variation. Therefore, we conducted a meta-regression to estimate the mean and between-individuals standard deviation of the number of repetitions that can be completed at various percentages of 1RM. We also explored if the REPS ~ %1RM relationship is moderated by sex, age, training status, and/or exercise. A total of 952 repetitions-to-failure tests, completed by 7289 individuals in 452 groups from 269 studies, were identified. Study groups were predominantly male (66%), healthy (97%), < 59 years of age (92%), and resistance trained (60%). The bench press (42%) and leg press (14%) were the most commonly studied exercises. The REPS ~ %1RM relationship for mean repetitions and standard deviation of repetitions were best described using natural cubic splines and a linear model, respectively, with mean and standard deviation for repetitions decreasing with increasing %1RM. More repetitions were evident in the leg press than bench press across the loading spectrum, thus separate REPS ~ %1RM tables were developed for these two exercises. Analysis of moderators suggested little influences of sex, age, or training status on the REPS ~ %1RM relationship, thus the general main model REPS ~ %1RM table can be applied to all individuals and to all exercises other than the bench press and leg press. More data are needed to develop REPS ~ %1RM tables for other exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Nuzzo
- Centre for Human Performance, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia.
| | - Matheus D Pinto
- Centre for Human Performance, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
| | - Kazunori Nosaka
- Centre for Human Performance, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
| | - James Steele
- School of Sport, Health, and Social Sciences, Solent University, Southampton, UK
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Salagas A, Tsoukos A, Terzis G, Paschalis V, Katsikas C, Krzysztofik M, Wilk M, Zajac A, Bogdanis GC. Effectiveness of either short-duration ischemic pre-conditioning, single-set high-resistance exercise, or their combination in potentiating bench press exercise performance. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1083299. [PMID: 36589445 PMCID: PMC9797974 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1083299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared the effects of short-duration ischemic preconditioning, a single-set high-resistance exercise and their combination on subsequent bench press performance. Twelve men (age: 25.8 ± 6.0 years, bench press 1-RM: 1.21 ± 0.17 kg kg-1 body mass) performed four 12 s sets as fast as possible, with 2 min of recovery between sets, against 60% 1-RM, after: a) 5 min ischemic preconditioning (IPC; at 100% of full arterial occlusion pressure), b) one set of three bench press repetitions at 90% 1-RM (PAPE), c) their combination (PAPE + IPC) or d) control (CTRL). Mean barbell velocity in ischemic preconditioning was higher than CTRL (by 6.6-9.0%, p < 0.05) from set 1 to set 3, and higher than PAPE in set 1 (by 4.4%, p < 0.05). Mean barbell velocity in PAPE was higher than CTRL from set 2 to set 4 (by 6.7-8.9%, p < 0.05), while mean barbell velocity in PAPE + IPC was higher than CTRL only in set 1 (+5.8 ± 10.0%). Peak barbell velocity in ischemic preconditioning and PAPE was higher than CTRL (by 7.8% and 8.5%, respectively; p < 0.05). Total number of repetitions was similarly increased in all experimental conditions compared with CTRL (by 7.0-7.9%, p < 0.05). Rating of perceived exertion was lower in ischemic preconditioning compared with CTRL (p < 0.001) and PAPE (p = 0.045), respectively. These results highlight the effectiveness of short-duration ischemic preconditioning in increasing bench press performance, and suggest that it may be readily used by strength and conditioning coaches during resistance training due to its brevity and lower perceived exertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Salagas
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Tsoukos
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Terzis
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis Paschalis
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Katsikas
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Michal Krzysztofik
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Michal Wilk
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Adam Zajac
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Gregory C. Bogdanis
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece,*Correspondence: Gregory C. Bogdanis,
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Ischemic Preconditioning with High and Low Pressure Enhances Maximum Strength and Modulates Heart Rate Variability. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137655. [PMID: 35805313 PMCID: PMC9265721 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: The application of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) to resistance exercise has attracted some attention, owing to increases in muscle performance. However, there is still no consensus on the optimal occlusion pressure for this procedure. This study compared the acute effects of IPC with high and low pressure of occlusion on upper and lower limb maximal strength and heart rate variability in recreationally trained individuals. Methods: Sixteen recreationally trained men (25.3 ± 1.7 years; 78.4 ± 6.2 kg; 176.9 ± 5.4 cm; 25.1 ± 1.5 m2 kg−1) were thoroughly familiarized with one repetition maximum (1 RM) testing in the following exercises: bench press (BP), front latissimus pull-down (FLPD), and shoulder press (SP) for upper limbs, and leg press 45º (LP45), hack machine (HM), and Smith Squat (SS) for lower limbs. The 1 RM exercises were then randomly performed on three separate days: after a high pressure (220 mmHg, IPChigh) and a low pressure (20 mmHg, IPClow) IPC protocol and after no intervention (control, CON). Heart rate variability was also measured at rest, during and after the entire IPC protocol, and after the exercises. Results: Maximal strength was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in both IPChigh and IPClow compared with CON in all upper- and lower-limb exercises. There was no difference between the two experimental conditions. No significant differences were found in the comparison across the different experimental conditions for LFnu, HFnu, LF/HF ratio, and RMSSDms. Conclusions: IPC performed with both high and low pressures influenced heart rate variability, which may partly explain the maximal strength enhancement.
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Gençoğlu C, Şen İ. Comparison of CrossFit Barbara and classic resistance trainings for the protection of strength performance during off-season in kickboxers. ISOKINET EXERC SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.3233/ies-203190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The inability of athletes to train or the decrease in the intensity and frequency of training may cause athletes to lose performance. Particularly in view of the current COVID-19 pandemic, maintaining strength outside the normal framework provides an advantage to athletes for the next competitions. OBJECTIVE: To compare the CrossFit Barbara which can be applied easily at home during the off-season or some situations such as the epidemic limitation to classic resistance training methods used to maintain the strength performance of national kickboxers. METHODS: Forty-three national kickboxers, CrossFit (CF, n= 22), and resistance training (RT, n= 21), participated in this study. While CF performed 20 pull-ups, 30 push-ups, 40 sit-ups, and 50 squat exercises, RT performed bench press, lat pull down, leg press, biceps curl, and triceps extension exercises twice per week for six weeks. Before and after the six weeks, the following variables were measured; body mass (BM) and body fat percentage (FP), VO2max, bench press (BP), squat (SQ), leg strength (LS), hand grip strength (HGS), pull-up, push-up and counter movement jump (CMJ). RESULTS: BP (p< 0.001, F= 41.125, ηp2= 0.501), SQ (p< 0.001, F= 26.604, ηp2= 0.394), LS (p< 0.001, F= 15.234, ηp2= 0.271), push-up (p< 0.001, F= 31.978, ηp2= 0.438) and pull-up (p< 0.001, F= 24.410, ηp2= 0.373) values changed significantly in group-time interaction between CF and RT groups, while there was no significant difference for the BM (p= 0.198, F= 1.715, ηp2= 0.040), Fat (p= 0.265, F= 1.279, ηp2= 0.030), HGS (p= 0.665, F= 0.190, ηp2= 0.005, CMJ (p= 0.054, F= 3.946, ηp2= 0.088) and VO2max (p=0.747, F= 0.106, ηp2= 0.003). Furthermore, according to the before and after study values, BP, SQ, LS, and CMJ decreased significantly (p< 0.05) while BM, FP, HGS, VO2max, pull-up and push-up variables did not in the CF (p> 0.05). In the RT, the pull-up and push-up variables decreased significantly (p< 0.05) while there was no significant difference for BP, SQ, LS, HGS, VO2max, body mass, body fat percentage and CMJ (p> 0.05). CONCLUSION: CF Barbara workout was more effective in maintaining strength endurance performances, and RT in maintaining maximum strength performances. According to the individual performance needs of athletes, reasonable training method can be used to prevent performance decrement in the strength domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cebrail Gençoğlu
- Department of Sport Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - İlhan Şen
- Department of Sport Sciences, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Santana VJD, Deângelo CEDO, Salemi VMC, Miranda DP. THE INFLUENCE OF ISCHEMIC PRECONDITIONING ON NEUROMUSCULAR PERFORMANCE. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202127022020_0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has been described in the literature as a resource capable of improving physical performance. Objective: The purpose of this randomized double-blind study was to evaluate the influence of IPC on the neuromuscular performance of trained individuals. Methods: Twenty-four (24) resistance training participants (6 of them women) with a mean age of 25.8 ± 4.6 years were selected and divided into two groups: the upper limb group (ULG) composed of 12 individuals (4 women) and the lower limb group (LLG) composed of 12 individuals (2 women). The maximum repetitions test was applied in the bench press for the ULG and in the 45° leg press for the LLG, with 50% of the one-repetition maximum under control, placebo and IPC conditions, at a random interval of 72 hours between tests. The IPC was applied four hours before the tests by means of an analog sphygmomanometer cuff inflated to 220 mmHg on the arm for the ULG and on the thigh for LLG, with three cycles of five minutes each of ischemia and reperfusion, alternating between the right and left sides. For the placebo, the cuff was inflated to 40 mmHg without causing ischemia. The significance level for the Wilcoxon test was p <0.017, due to the Bonferroni correction. The effect size (ES) was also analyzed. Results: With IPC, the ULG performed 34.8 ± 4.8 repetitions, representing an improvement of 11.29% (IPC vs. control, ES = 0.68 and p = 0.002) and the LLG performed 40.5 ± 15.7 repetitions, representing an improvement of 37.47% (IPC vs. control, ES = 0.84 and p = 0.002). No significant improvements were observed for the placebo in either group. Conclusion: Our data showed that IPC positively influenced neuromuscular performance of both the upper and lower limbs. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies investigating the results of treatment (Prospectived comparative studye).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Douglas Pinheiro Miranda
- Centro Universitário da Fundação Educacional de Barretos, Brazil; Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
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7
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O'Brien L, Jacobs I. Methodological Variations Contributing to Heterogenous Ergogenic Responses to Ischemic Preconditioning. Front Physiol 2021; 12:656980. [PMID: 33995123 PMCID: PMC8117357 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.656980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has been repeatedly reported to augment maximal exercise performance over a range of exercise durations and modalities. However, an examination of the relevant literature indicates that the reproducibility and robustness of ergogenic responses to this technique are variable, confounding expectations about the magnitude of its effects. Considerable variability among study methodologies may contribute to the equivocal responses to IPC. This review focuses on the wide range of methodologies used in IPC research, and how such variability likely confounds interpretation of the interactions of IPC and exercise. Several avenues are recommended to improve IPC methodological consistency, which should facilitate a future consensus about optimizing the IPC protocol, including due consideration of factors such as: location of the stimulus, the time between treatment and exercise, individualized tourniquet pressures and standardized tourniquet physical characteristics, and the incorporation of proper placebo treatments into future study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam O'Brien
- Human Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ira Jacobs
- Human Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Carvalho L, Concon V, Meloni M, De Souza EO, Barroso R. Effects of resistance training combined with ischemic preconditioning on muscle size and strength in resistance-trained individuals. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 60:1431-1436. [PMID: 32608934 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.11032-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study investigated the effects of resistance training combined with ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on muscle size and strength in resistance-trained men. METHODS Sixteen resistance-trained men were divided into two groups (Placebo and IPC) and trained twice a week for 6 weeks. Preconditioning protocols consisted of four, 5-min cycling bouts of ischemia/Placebo (250 or 10 mmHg, respectively) interspersed with 5 min of reperfusion (without pressure) alternated in each leg. Thirty minutes after the preconditioning protocol, participants performed 4 sets to concentric failure at 75% of one repetition-maximum (1-RM) in unilateral knee extension exercise. Muscle thickness (ultrasound) and 1RM were assessed at baseline and 72 hours after the last training session. ANCOVA was used to compare muscle thickness and 1RM changes, using muscle thickness and 1-RM baseline values, respectively, as covariates. Significance level was set at P<0.05. RESULTS Average of number of repetitions was higher in IPC compared to Placebo (13±4 and 11±2, respectively; P=0.0002). Muscle thickness did not change in either group from pre- to post-6 weeks (P=0.32). IPC improved 1-RM more than Placebo (P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS IPC may augment greater strength gains in resistance-trained men due to an increase in training volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Carvalho
- Department of Sport Sciences, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Concon
- Department of Sport Sciences, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Márcio Meloni
- Department of Sport Sciences, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Eduardo O De Souza
- Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, University of Tampa, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Renato Barroso
- Department of Sport Sciences, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil -
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Affiliation(s)
- Moacir Marocolo
- Physiology and Human Performance Research Group, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Neme Ide
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, Biochemistry Department, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo R Mota
- Human Performance and Sports Research Group, Department of Sport Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
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da Silva Novaes J, da Silva Telles LG, Monteiro ER, da Silva Araujo G, Vingren JL, Silva Panza P, Reis VM, Laterza MC, Vianna JM. Ischemic Preconditioning Improves Resistance Training Session Performance. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 35:2993-2998. [PMID: 32224716 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
da Silva Novaes, J, da Silva Telles, LG, Monteiro, ER, da Silva Araujo, G, Vingren, JL, Silva Panza, P, Reis, VM, Laterza, MC, and Vianna, JM. Ischemic preconditioning improves resistance training session performance. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) in a resistance exercise (RE) training session on the number of repetitions performed, total volume, and rating of perceived exertion in recreationally trained and normotensive men. Sixteen recreationally trained and normotensive men completed 3 RE sessions in a counterbalanced and randomized order: (a) IPC protocol using 220 mm Hg followed by RE (IPC), (b) IPC cuff control protocol with 20 mm Hg followed by RE (CUFF), and (c) no IPC (control) followed by RE (CON). RE was performed with 3 sets of each exercise (bench press, leg press, lateral pulldown, hack machine squat, shoulder press, and Smith back squat) until concentric muscular failure, at 80% of one repetition maximum, with 90 seconds of rest between sets and 2 minutes of rest between exercises. Ischemic preconditioning and CUFF consisted of 4 cycles of 5 minutes of occlusion/low pressure alternating with 5 minutes of no occlusion (0 mm Hg) using a pneumatic tourniquet applied around the subaxillary region of the upper arm. For each condition, the number of repetitions completed, total volume of work performed, and rating of perceived exertion were determined. No significant difference was found for rating of perceived exertion between any experimental protocol. Ischemic preconditioning significantly (p < 0.05) increased the number of repetitions across exercises. Consequently, total volume performed (sum of total number of repetitions x load for each exercise) was significantly higher in IPC (46,170 kg) compared with CON (34,069 kg) and CUFF (36,590 kg) across all exercises. This work may have important implications for athletic populations because it demonstrates increase in muscle performance outcomes during a single RE session. Therefore, performing IPC before RE could be an important exercise prescription recommendation to increase maximum repetition performance and total volume of work performed and thus potentially increase desired training adaptations (i.e., strength and hypertrophy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson da Silva Novaes
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,College of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luiz Guilherme da Silva Telles
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Estacio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Estêvão Rios Monteiro
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Physical Therapy, Augusto Motta University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gleisson da Silva Araujo
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,University Center of Barra Mansa, Barra Mansa, Brazil
| | - Jakob L Vingren
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Health Promotion, and Recreation, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
| | - Patrícia Silva Panza
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Victor Machado Reis
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Mateus Camaroti Laterza
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Macedo Vianna
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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11
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Halley SL, Marshall P, Siegler JC. Effect of ischemic preconditioning and changing inspired O2 fractions on neuromuscular function during intense exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 127:1688-1697. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00539.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine whether ischemic preconditioning (IPC)-mediated effects on neuromuscular function are dependent on tissue oxygenation. Eleven resistance-trained males completed four exercise trials (6 sets of 11 repetitions of maximal effort dynamic single-leg extensions) in either normoxic [fraction of inspired oxygen ([Formula: see text]): 21%) or hypoxic [Formula: see text]: 14%] conditions, preceded by treatments of either IPC (3 × 5 min bilateral leg occlusions at 220 mmHg) or sham (3 × 5 min at 20 mmHg). Femoral nerve stimulation was utilized to assess voluntary activation and potentiated twitch characteristics during maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs). Tissue oxygenation (via near-infrared spectroscopy) and surface electromyography activity were measured throughout the exercise task. MVC and twitch torque declined 62 and 54%, respectively (MVC: 96 ± 24 N·m, Cohen’s d = 2.9, P < 0.001; twitch torque: 37 ± 11 N·m, d = 1.6, P < 0.001), between pretrial measurements and the sixth set without reductions in voluntary activation ( P > 0.21); there were no differences between conditions. Tissue oxygenation was reduced in both hypoxic conditions compared with normoxia ( P < 0.001), with an even further reduction of 3% evident in the hypoxic IPC compared with the sham trial (mean decrease 1.8 ± 0.7%, d = 1.0, P < 0.05). IPC did not affect any measure of neuromuscular function regardless of tissue oxygenation. A reduction in [Formula: see text] did invoke a humoral response and improved muscle O2 extraction during exercise, however, it did not manifest into any performance benefit. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Ischemic preconditioning did not affect any facet of neuromuscular function regardless of the degree of tissue oxygenation. Reducing the fraction of inspired oxygen induced localized tissue deoxygenation, subsequently invoking a humoral response, which improved muscle oxygen extraction during exercise. This physiological response, however, did not manifest into any performance benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel L. Halley
- Sport and Exercise Science, School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul Marshall
- Sport and Exercise Science, School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jason C. Siegler
- Sport and Exercise Science, School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
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12
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Marocolo M, Ide BN, Hohl R, da Mota GR. Manuscript Clarification for Ischemic Preconditioning Improves Strength Endurance Performance. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 33:e228-e229. [PMID: 31764477 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Moacir Marocolo
- Physiology and Human Performance Research Group, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Neme Ide
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, Biochemistry Department, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Hohl
- Physiology and Human Performance Research Group, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gustavo R da Mota
- Human Performance and Sports Research Group, Department of Sport Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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