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Melo X, Arrais I, Marôco JL, Ribeiro PN, Nabais S, Coelho R, Reis J, Angarten V, Fernhall B, Santa-Clara H. Effects of kettlebell swing training on cardiorespiratory and metabolic demand to a simulated competition in young female artistic gymnasts. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283228. [PMID: 37093847 PMCID: PMC10124852 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the effects of adding a Kettlebell Swing training program (KB) to the regular skill-training protocol (REGULAR) on cardiorespiratory fitness, cardiorespiratory/metabolic demand, and recovery to a simulated competition of female artistic gymnastics. Nine gymnasts (13±2 years) had their REGULAR complemented with a 4-week kettlebell training (REGULAR+KB), consisting of 3 sessions/week of 12x30" swings x 30" rest with ¼ of their body weight, while 9 aged-matched gymnasts acted as a comparison group. Peak oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]) during routines was estimated from the O2 recovery curve using backward extrapolation and off-kinetics parameters were modeled through a mono-exponential function. Heart rate (HR) was monitored continuously and capillary blood lactate (BLa-) was measured before and after each routine (1st and 3rd min). Cardiorespiratory fitness ([Formula: see text]) was evaluated using a ramp cycle ergometer test. A training-by-time interaction effect was observed for [Formula: see text] (p = 0.009) as increments were only observed after REGULAR+KB (M = 8.85, SD = 9.67 ml.kg.min-1). No training-by-time interactions were observed for HRpeak (p = 0.39), [Formula: see text] (p = 0.07), or La-post3 (p = 0.25), both training protocols reduced HRpeak (M = -12; SD = 11 b.min-1) and BLa-post1 (M = -0.70; SD = 1.29 mmol.L-1) during the simulated competition, but not relative [Formula: see text]. No training-by-time interaction was observed for the off-transient [Formula: see text] time constant (p = 0.38). [Formula: see text] recovery was slower (M = 5; SD = 10 s) after both protocols. Both training protocols improved cardiorespiratory and metabolic demands and recovery kinetics to a simulated competition of female artistic gymnastics, although increases in cardiorespiratory fitness were only observed in REGULAR+KB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Melo
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Almada, Portugal
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana-Universidade de Lisboa, CIPER-Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Inês Arrais
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana-Universidade de Lisboa, CIPER-Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana, Lisboa, Portugal
- Ginásio Clube Português, Research & Development Department, Lisboa, Portugal
- Center for Sports Optimization (COD), Sporting Clube de Portugal, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Luís Marôco
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana-Universidade de Lisboa, CIPER-Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana, Lisboa, Portugal
- Ginásio Clube Português, Research & Development Department, Lisboa, Portugal
- Exercise and Health Sciences Department, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Pedro Neto Ribeiro
- Ginásio Clube Português, Research & Development Department, Lisboa, Portugal
- Center for Sports Optimization (COD), Sporting Clube de Portugal, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara Nabais
- Ginásio Clube Português, Research & Development Department, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Raquel Coelho
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana-Universidade de Lisboa, CIPER-Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana, Lisboa, Portugal
- Ginásio Clube Português, Research & Development Department, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana Reis
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana-Universidade de Lisboa, CIPER-Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vítor Angarten
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana-Universidade de Lisboa, CIPER-Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Bo Fernhall
- Exercise and Health Sciences Department, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Helena Santa-Clara
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana-Universidade de Lisboa, CIPER-Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana, Lisboa, Portugal
- Ginásio Clube Português, Research & Development Department, Lisboa, Portugal
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Seman S, Dražilov SS, Ilić V, Tešić M, Stojiljković S, Arena R, Popović D. Physical activity and exercise as an essential medical strategy for the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:2324-2331. [PMID: 34233523 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211028543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 disease has been a problem in today's society, which has worldwide effects on different areas, especially on the economy; also, from a health perspective, the disease affects the daily life quality. Physical activity is one major positive factor with regard to enhancing life quality, as it can improve the whole psychological, social, and physical health conditions. Current measures such as social distancing are focused on preventing the viral spread. However, the consequences on other areas are yet to be investigated. Elderly, people with chronic diseases, obese, and others benefit largely from exercise from the perspective of improved health, and preventive measures can drastically improve daily living. In this article, we elaborate the effects of exercise on the immune system and the possible strategies that can be implemented toward greater preventive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Seman
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.,Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL - PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | | | - Vladimir Ilić
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Milorad Tešić
- Division of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Stanimir Stojiljković
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Ross Arena
- Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL - PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.,Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Dejana Popović
- Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL - PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
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Rufo-Tavares W, Barbosa Lira CA, Andrade MS, Zimerer C, Leopoldo AS, Sarro KJ, Gentil P, Nikolaidis PT, Rosemann T, Knechtle B, Vancini RL. Effects of kettlebell training and detraining on mood status and sleep and life quality of healthy women. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2020; 24:344-353. [PMID: 33218532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Kettlebell exercise have become popular because of its ability to simultaneously train aerobic/anaerobic systems, low cost and easy access, and the great potential for physical fitness programs with a focus on public health. However, little is known about its effects on mood status, sleep, and quality of life (QOL) parameters. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of kettlebell training/detraining on the prevention of depressive and anxiety symptoms and QOL and sleep quality. METHODS The sample was composed of 17 healthy women (age: 26.0 ± 5.0 years; body mass: 60.9 ± 12.5 kg; height: 164.6 ± 5.5 cm). The study was organized into four consecutive phases: pre-intervention (PRE), intervention (kettlebell training, 12 weeks, three times/week), post-intervention (POST) and detraining (D, four weeks). The questionnaires SF-36 (QOL), Beck (depressive symptoms), State-Anxiety Inventory (acute anxiety symptoms), POMS (mood state) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (sleep quality) were administered at PRE/POST/D phases. RESULTS QOL, anxiety, sleep quality, and mood state exhibited no differences between PRE/POST/D. Levels of depressive symptoms significantly decreased (22.0%, p = 0.003) between PRE and POST phases, and remained low and similar to POST levels after D. CONCLUSION Twelve weeks of kettlebell training was able to reduce and prevent depressive/anxiety symptoms in healthy women and these results were maintained after short-term detraining. Thus, kettlebell training might be considered an alternative method on the promotion of mental health and prevention of mood disorders and consequently can improve QOL even in health people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weverton Rufo-Tavares
- Centro de EducaçãoFísica e Desportos (CEFD), Universidade Federal Do Espírito Santo (UFES), Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514 Goiabeiras, Zip code: 29075810, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - Claudio Andre Barbosa Lira
- Setor de Fisiologia Humana e Do Exercício, Faculdade de Educação Física e Dança, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Avenida Esperança S/n, Campus Samambaia, Zip code: 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
| | - Marilia Santos Andrade
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 862, 5° Andar, Zip code: 04023-062, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Carla Zimerer
- Centro de EducaçãoFísica e Desportos (CEFD), Universidade Federal Do Espírito Santo (UFES), Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514 Goiabeiras, Zip code: 29075810, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - André Soares Leopoldo
- Centro de EducaçãoFísica e Desportos (CEFD), Universidade Federal Do Espírito Santo (UFES), Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514 Goiabeiras, Zip code: 29075810, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - Karine Jacon Sarro
- Faculdade de Educação Física, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Érico Veríssimo, 701, Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz", Zip code: 13.083-851, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Gentil
- Setor de Fisiologia Humana e Do Exercício, Faculdade de Educação Física e Dança, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Avenida Esperança S/n, Campus Samambaia, Zip code: 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
| | | | - Thomas Rosemann
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, St. Gallen and Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Rodrigo Luiz Vancini
- Centro de EducaçãoFísica e Desportos (CEFD), Universidade Federal Do Espírito Santo (UFES), Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514 Goiabeiras, Zip code: 29075810, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
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Meigh NJ, Keogh JWL, Schram B, Hing WA. Kettlebell training in clinical practice: a scoping review. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2019; 11:19. [PMID: 31497302 PMCID: PMC6719359 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-019-0130-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A scoping review of scientific literature on the effects of kettlebell training. There are no authoritative guidelines or recommendations for using kettlebells within a primary care setting. Our review objectives were to identify the extent, range and nature of the available evidence, to report on the types of evidence currently available to inform clinical practice, to synthesise key concepts, and identify gaps in the research knowledge base. METHODS Following the PRISMA-ScR Checklist, we conducted a search of 10 electronic databases from inception to 1 February 2019. There were no exclusions in searching for publications. A single reviewer screened the literature and abstracted data from relevant publications. Articles were grouped and charted by concepts and themes relevant to primary care, and narratively synthesised. Effect sizes from longitudinal studies were identified or calculated, and randomised controlled trials assessed for methodological quality. RESULTS Eight hundred and twenty-nine records were identified to 1 February 2019. Four hundred and ninety-six were screened and 170 assessed for eligibility. Ninety-nine publications met the inclusion criteria. Effect sizes were typically trivial to small. One trial used a pragmatic hardstyle training program among healthy college-age participants. Two trials reported the effects of kettlebell training in clinical conditions. Thirty-three studies explicitly used 'hardstyle' techniques and 4 investigated kettlebell sport. Also included were 6 reviews, 22 clinical/expert opinions and 3 case reports of injury. Two reviewers independently evaluated studies using a modified Downs & Black checklist. CONCLUSIONS A small number of longitudinal studies, which are largely underpowered and of low methodological quality, provide the evidence-informed therapist with little guidance to inform the therapeutic prescription of kettlebells within primary care. Confidence in reported effects is low to very low. The strength of recommendation for kettlebell training improving measures of physical function is weak, based on the current body of literature. Further research on reported effects is warranted, with inclusion of clinical populations and investigations of musculoskeletal conditions common to primary care. There is a need for an externally valid, standardised approach to the training and testing of kettlebell interventions, which better informs the therapeutic use of kettlebells in primary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil J. Meigh
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Institute of Health & Sport, Gold Coast, Queensland 4226 Australia
| | - Justin W. L. Keogh
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Institute of Health & Sport, Gold Coast, Queensland 4226 Australia
- Sports Performance Research Centre New Zealand, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand
- Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education Mangalore, Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - Ben Schram
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Institute of Health & Sport, Gold Coast, Queensland 4226 Australia
| | - Wayne A. Hing
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Institute of Health & Sport, Gold Coast, Queensland 4226 Australia
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