1
|
Panascì M, Ferrando V, Pileri A, Pierantozzi E, LA Torre A, Franchini E, Ruggeri P, Bonato M, Faelli E. Short intermittent taekwondo test to assess athlete's physiological and metabolic profile. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2024; 64:255-264. [PMID: 37987711 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.23.14972-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a new Short Intermittent Taekwondo Test (SITT) in 17 black belt athletes. METHODS Maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max), carbon dioxide production (V̇CO2), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), heart rate (HR), and blood lactate concentration [La]+ during treadmill cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) and SITT were compared. SITT started with 10 sec of all-out kicks, alternating legs, and progressively increasing 5 s on each stage until the 4th stage. After the 4th stage the participants performed 25 s of turning kicks (Dolleo chagi), on each stage until the last (10th stage). The passive recovery phase after the 4th and the 7th stage lasted 30 s. RESULTS V̇O2max and maximal HRmax were not significantly different (P=0.85 vs. P=0.76) between tests, while RER and [La]+ were significantly higher in SITT than in CPET (P=0.002 vs. P=0.001). No difference in RPE (P=0.84) was found. A significant positive correlation between two tests for V̇O2max and HRmax was found. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that SITT induces physiological responses like CPET suggesting that it can be used to assess aerobic power in national taekwondo athletes, thus helping coaches to select correctly training intensities and monitor athletes' aerobic performance along the training phases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Panascì
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Centro Polifunzionale di Scienze Motorie, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Vittoria Ferrando
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Centro Polifunzionale di Scienze Motorie, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pileri
- Institute of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), Lecco, Italy
| | - Emanuela Pierantozzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Antonio LA Torre
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Emerson Franchini
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Martial Arts and Combat Sports Research Group, Sport Department, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Piero Ruggeri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Centro Polifunzionale di Scienze Motorie, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Bonato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy -
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Faelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Centro Polifunzionale di Scienze Motorie, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jia M, Liu L, Huang R, Ma Y, Lin S, Peng Q, Xiong J, Wang Z, Zheng W. Correlation analysis between biomechanical characteristics of taekwondo double roundhouse kick and effective scoring of electronic body protector. Front Physiol 2024; 14:1269345. [PMID: 38274047 PMCID: PMC10808605 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1269345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: To explore the inherent relationship between lower limb biomechanical indicators and effective scoring values of double roundhouse kick (DRK) by taekwondo athletes, and to find key biomechanical factors that trigger effective scoring. Methods: Using the DAEDO Protector and Scoring System (PSS) in conjunction with the Vicon optical motion capture system and Kistler 3D force plate, kinematic and dynamic indicators of the front kicking motion were obtained from 12 professional taekwondo athletes (18.00 ± 2.20 years, 182.15 ± 8.62 cm and 70.00 ± 14.82 kg). The correlation between kinematics, dynamics, and scoring values was initially analyzed using bivariate linear correlation. Subsequently, based on the results of the linear correlation analysis, a stepwise regression analysis was performed to establish a stepwise regression equation. Results: The results reveal that during the First Hit, there is a significant positive correlation (r > 0, p < 0.05) between peak hip flexion angular velocity of the dominant leg, knee abduction angle, and peak foot horizontal plane linear velocity of the non-dominant leg with effective score. On the other hand, peak ankle flexion angular velocity of the non-dominant leg, peak foot sagittal plane linear velocity, peak hip abduction angle, and peak hip flexion angle of the dominant leg exhibit a significant negative correlation (r < 0, p < 0.05) with effective score. These correlations hold statistical significance (DW> 1.023). During the Second Hit, there is a significant positive correlation (r > 0, p < 0.05) between peak ankle internal rotation angular velocity of the dominant leg, foot coronal plane linear velocity, hip adduction angular velocity, and peak ankle internal rotation moment of the non-dominant leg with effective score. Conversely, peak hip flexion angle of the dominant leg shows a significant negative correlation (r < 0, p < 0.05) with effective score. All these variables have a statistically significant impact on effective score (DW > 1.023). Conclusion: Explosive power, body posture, adequate terminal velocity, and body rotation have an association with effective scoring of the electronic protector. The peak angular velocity of the ankle joint of the dominant leg and the peak linear velocity of the foot horizontal plane of the non-dominant leg significantly contribute to the effectiveness score of the electronic protector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Jia
- Engineering Research Center of Sports Health Intelligent Equipment of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Research Center of Sports Equipment Engineering Technology of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Sports Engineering of General Administration of Sports of China, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Sports Health Intelligent Equipment of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Research Center of Sports Equipment Engineering Technology of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Sports Engineering of General Administration of Sports of China, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruifeng Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Sports Health Intelligent Equipment of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Research Center of Sports Equipment Engineering Technology of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Sports Engineering of General Administration of Sports of China, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Sports Health Intelligent Equipment of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Research Center of Sports Equipment Engineering Technology of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Sports Engineering of General Administration of Sports of China, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shijie Lin
- Department of Physical Education, Northwest Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qian Peng
- Engineering Research Center of Sports Health Intelligent Equipment of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Research Center of Sports Equipment Engineering Technology of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Sports Engineering of General Administration of Sports of China, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Xiong
- School of Competitive Sports, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaoyi Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Sports Health Intelligent Equipment of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Research Center of Sports Equipment Engineering Technology of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Sports Engineering of General Administration of Sports of China, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weitao Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Sports Health Intelligent Equipment of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Research Center of Sports Equipment Engineering Technology of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Sports Engineering of General Administration of Sports of China, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Apollaro G, Sarmet Moreira PV, Herrera-Valenzuela T, Franchini E, Falcó C. Time-motion analysis of taekwondo matches in the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2023; 63:964-973. [PMID: 37212828 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.23.14995-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to determine the time-motion structure of high-level taekwondo matches during the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games in relation to sex, match outcome, weight category and match round. METHODS Overall, 7007 actions were recorded during the analysis of 134 performances (67 rounds of 24 matches: four rounds of 16, eight quarterfinals, eight semifinals and four finals) in male and female flyweight (≤58 kg and ≤49 kg, respectively), and heavyweight categories (≥80 kg and ≥67 kg, respectively). The attack time (AT), number of AT (AN), skipping time (ST) and pause time (PT) were registered. RESULTS The AT/ST ratio was ~1:1.5. Male athletes performed significantly longer (P<0.001) sum PT than female athletes. Flyweight athletes differed significantly from their heavyweight counterparts by having longer (P<0.001) average and sum AT, greater (P<0.001) AN, higher (P<0.001) AT/ST ratio, shorter (P<0.001) average and sum ST, and lower (P<0.01) (AT+ST)/PT ratio. Rounds 2 and 3 had average PT significantly longer (P<0.01) than round 1. Round 3 had sum PT longer (P<0.001) and (AT+ST)/PT ratio lower than in round 1. CONCLUSIONS The rule changes and the implementation of the electronic score recording system had a major impact on the time-motion structure of combat by generating a considerably higher AT/ST ratio than in the past. The comparisons indicated that the structure of the combat is modulated by weight category and phase of the combat. In practice, coaches could develop sport-specific high-intensity interval training using the time-motion indexes of the present study as guidelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Apollaro
- School of Sport Sciences and Exercise, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy -
| | - Pedro V Sarmet Moreira
- Biomedical Engineering Program, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Tech4Fight Sports Technology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tomás Herrera-Valenzuela
- Sciences of Physical Activity, Sports and Health School, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Emerson Franchini
- Martial Arts and Combat Sports Research Group, Sport Department, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Coral Falcó
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu R, He L. The relationship between physical fitness and competitive performance of Taekwondo athletes. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267711. [PMID: 35749558 PMCID: PMC9232157 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The competition and physical fitness test results of the 2020 National Taekwondo Championship Series were analyzed using curve fitting, linear regression, and other statistical methods. As far as we know, it is the first Taekwondo competition that uses physical fitness test (PFT) scores as the 8-in-4 selection criteria. The results show that the probability of the final total score of the series of championships entering the top 8 or top 3 is exponentially related to PFT results. It finds that athletes with better PFT scores are more likely to enter the quarterfinals. Among athletes entering the semifinals, the athlete with the best physical fitness has the greatest probability of winning the championship. The difference in physical fitness between athletes is mainly reflected in the 30-meter sprint. Overall, the competitive performance of professional Taekwondo athletes is significantly positively correlated with their physical fitness, especially for female Taekwondo athletes. Through the results obtained, it is concluded that Taekwondo athletes need to strengthen physical training, specifically enhancing the explosive power.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Department of Physical Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Lumin He
- Affiliated Athletics School of Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Quinzi F, Modica M, Berchicci M, Bianco V, Perri RL, Di Russo F. Does sport type matter? The effect of sport discipline on cognitive control strategies in preadolescents. Int J Psychophysiol 2022; 177:230-239. [PMID: 35661749 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to test the effects of specific sport practices on cognitive sensory-motor performance and underlying brain functions in children. Behavioral performance and event-related potentials (ERP) were investigated during a cognitive visuomotor task in 64 preadolescent children practicing racket (Rack) sports, martial arts (Mart), indoor climbing (Clim), or not practicing any sport (controls, Cont). At the behavioral level, response speed and accuracy were studied. At the electrophysiological level, motor, cognitive and sensory-attentional readiness, and post-perceptual attentional functions were investigated. Behavioral results showed that Mart players had the fastest response time (RT). Rack players had the most consistent RT and committed the lowest omission errors. Clim athletes were the most accurate in terms of false alarms. ERP results showed that motor readiness was largest in Mart players. The Rack group had the largest cognitive preparation and the Clim one had the largest sensory-attentional readiness activity. Rack and Mart players had the largest activity associated with post-perceptual attentional processing. This result shows that practicing specific sports may allow differential benefits on cognitive processing. Racket sports seem to stimulate action speed consistency and improve accuracy for omissions, increasing cognitive preparation, and post-perceptual attentional processing. Mart practice may allow a more speed-oriented response behavior, probably due to large motor preparation and allocation of post-perceptual attentional resources, but only when response execution is required. Indoor climbing may favor response accuracy reducing unwanted responses as indexed by an increased sensory-attentional readiness. Overall, all the considered sports disciplines may improve cognitive processing, but each one is associated with different benefits on cognitive performance by possibly stimulating separate brain processing. This kind of information could be crucial to select the more appropriate sport depending on individual demands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Quinzi
- Dept. of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catanzaro "Magna Græcia", Italy
| | - Manuela Modica
- Dept. of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Marika Berchicci
- Dept. of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Bianco
- Dept. of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy; Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Dept. of Languages and Literatures, Communication, Education and Society, University of Udine, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Di Russo
- Dept. of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy; Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Apollaro G, Rodríguez YQ, Herrera-Valenzuela T, Hernández-Mendo A, Falcó C. Relative and Chronological Age in Successful Athletes at the World Taekwondo Championships (1997-2019): A Focus on the Behaviour of Multiple Medallists. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031425. [PMID: 35162444 PMCID: PMC8835237 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigate the relative and chronological age among taekwondo world medal winners (by gender, Olympic 4-year period, Olympic weight category; N = 740), and to study the behaviour of multiple medallists (N = 156) to monitor changes in weight categories and wins over time. The observed birth quartile distribution for the heavyweight category was significantly skewed (p = 0.01). Female athletes (22.2 ± 3.5 years) achieve success at a significantly younger age (p = 0.01) than their male counterparts (23.6 ± 3.3 years). In the weight categories, female flyweights were significantly younger than those welterweights (p = 0.03) and heavyweight (p = 0.01); female featherweights were significantly younger than those heavyweights (p = 0.03). Male flyweights and featherweights were significantly younger than those welterweights and heavyweights (p = 0.01). When a taekwondo athlete won a medal several times, he/she did so within the same Olympic weight category group and won two medals in his/her career (p = 0.01). Multiple medallists of the lighter and heavier groups did not differ in the number of medals won but in the time span in which they won medals (p = 0.02). The resources deployed by stakeholders to achieve success in these competitions highlight an extremely competitive environment. In this sense, the information provided by this study can be relevant and translated into key elements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Apollaro
- School of Sport Sciences and Exercise, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Yarisel Quiñones Rodríguez
- Department of Sports Dididactics, University of Pinar del Río Hermanos Saíz Montes de Oca, Pinar del Río 20100, Cuba;
| | - Tomás Herrera-Valenzuela
- Sciences of Physical Activity, Sports and Health School, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170022, Chile;
| | - Antonio Hernández-Mendo
- Department of Social Psychology, Social Anthropology, Social Work and Social Services, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Coral Falcó
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, 5020 Bergen, Norway
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Apollaro G, Ruscello B. Exploring the age of taekwondo athletes in the Olympic Games: an analysis from Sydney 2000 to Rio 2016. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2021; 62:838-845. [PMID: 34821491 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.21.12768-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to quantify the age at which taekwondo athletes competed in the Olympic Games and to provide initial insights into weight category changes over time. METHODS For the first analysis, the study included all 611 taekwondo athletes who competed in the Olympics between 2000 and 2016; for each sex, a three-way ANOVA (edition of Olympic Games, competitive achievement, weight category) was performed to detect differences in the age of athletes. For the second analysis, we considered all 109 taekwondo athletes who took part in more than one edition of the Olympics between 2000 and 2016; chi-squared goodness of fit tests were performed to study the number of participations and changes in weight category of these athletes. RESULTS Female athletes, with a mean age of 23.8 ± 4.1 years, are significantly younger (p=0.001) than their male counterparts, with a mean age of 25.1 ± 3.9 years. In weight category, lighter athletes being younger than heavier ones in both females (22.7 ± 3.7 vs 24.5 ± 4.2 yrs., p=0.04) and males (23.6 ± 3.8 vs 26.7 ± 3.8 yrs., p=0.001; 24.2 ± 3.5 vs 26.7 ± 3.8 yrs., p=0.001). When an athlete reaches Olympic competition several times, he/she generally competes in the same weight category (p=0.001) and takes part in two consecutive editions (p=0.001). Heavier athletes have greater longevity at Olympic level than lighter athletes (p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS The current data provides important information for national federations engaged in the selection of athletes for Olympic competitions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Apollaro
- School of Sport Sciences and Exercise, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy -
| | - Bruno Ruscello
- School of Sport Sciences and Exercise, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,School of Sports and Exercise Sciences, San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy.,Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy.,LUISS SportLab, LUISS University, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Durkalec-Michalski K, Kusy K, Główka N, Zieliński J. The effect of multi-ingredient intra- versus extra-cellular buffering supplementation combined with branched-chain amino acids and creatine on exercise-induced ammonia blood concentration and aerobic capacity in taekwondo athletes. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2021; 18:48. [PMID: 34127014 PMCID: PMC8204562 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-021-00451-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the effect of multi-ingredient intra- (BA) versus extra- (ALK) cellular buffering factor supplementation, combined with the customary intake of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and creatine malate (TCM), on body composition, exercise variables, and biochemical and hematological parameters in 9 elite taekwondo athletes. Methods Eight-week randomized double-blind crossover BA (5.0 g·day−1 of β-alanine) versus ALK (0.07 g·kgFFM−1·day−1 of sodium bicarbonate) supplementation combined with BCAA (0.2 g·kgFFM−1·day−1) and TCM (0.05 g·kgFFM−1·day−1) during a standard 8-week taekwondo training period was implemented. In the course of the experiment, body composition (dual X-ray absorptiometry), aerobic capacity (ergospirometric measurements during an incremental treadmill test until exhaustion), and exercise blood biomarkers concentrations were measured. Data were analyzed using repeated measures within-between interaction analysis of variance with the inclusion of experimental supplementation order. Results The maximum post-exercise blood ammonia concentration decreased in both groups after supplementation (from 80.3 ± 10.6 to 72.4 ± 10.2 µmol∙L−1, p = 0.013 in BA; from 81.4 ± 8.7 to 74.2 ± 8.9 µmol∙L−1, p = 0.027 in ALK), indicating reduced exercise-related adenosine triphosphate degradation. However, no differences were found in body composition, aerobic capacity, blood lactate concentration, and hematological parameters after neither BA (combined with BCAA and TCM) nor ALK (combined with BCAA and TCM) supplementation. Conclusions In highly trained taekwondo athletes, neither extra- nor intracellular buffering enhancement resulting from BA and ALK supplementation, combined with BCAA and TCM treatment, affects body mass and composition, maximum oxygen uptake, and hematological indices, even though certain advantageous metabolic adaptations can be observed. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12970-021-00451-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Durkalec-Michalski
- Department of Sports Dietetics, Poznan University of Physical Education, Królowej Jadwigi 27/39, 61-871, Poznań, Poland. .,Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Kusy
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, Królowej Jadwigi 27/39, 61-871, Poznań, Poland
| | - Natalia Główka
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jacek Zieliński
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, Królowej Jadwigi 27/39, 61-871, Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Janowski M, Zieliński J, Ciekot-Sołtysiak M, Schneider A, Kusy K. The Effect of Sports Rules Amendments on Exercise Intensity during Taekwondo-Specific Workouts. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186779. [PMID: 32957546 PMCID: PMC7559273 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to compare the change in exercise response to taekwondo-specific circuit workouts before and after competition rule amendments. A total of 240 workouts in 15 elite athletes were analyzed over two years. Physiological and kinematic data were gathered with the wireless Bioharness system along with capillary blood samples for lactate concentration. Progressive exercise tests until exhaustion were periodically performed to obtain reference data. The rule changes resulted in significant increases (mainly medium or large effects) in the physiological (2.9-14.4%) and kinematic (4.8-10.1%) response to taekwondo-specific workouts. The largest increases were for peak breathing rate (12.0%), energy expenditure (6.6%), blood lactate immediately after exercise (10.2%) and at the 30th min of recovery (14.4%), and peak kinematic activity (10.1%). Significant differences between taekwondo-specific workouts and tournament combats persisted after the shift from old to new rules, ranging from 2.4 to 38.5% for physiological and from 2.9 to 15.5% for kinematic variables. The largest workout-combat differences were revealed for post-exercise (15.9%) and recovery (38.5%) blood lactate, peak (-15.8%) and relative (-15.0%) breathing rate, and mechanical (13.5%) and physiological (14.2%) intensity. Our study suggests that the rule amendments significantly modify the exercise response to discipline-specific workouts and that taekwondo-specific training sessions do not fully recreate the tournament demands in terms of physiological and kinematic load.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Janowski
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, ul. Królowej Jadwigi 27/39, 61-871 Poznań, Poland; (M.J.); (J.Z.); (M.C.-S.)
| | - Jacek Zieliński
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, ul. Królowej Jadwigi 27/39, 61-871 Poznań, Poland; (M.J.); (J.Z.); (M.C.-S.)
| | - Monika Ciekot-Sołtysiak
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, ul. Królowej Jadwigi 27/39, 61-871 Poznań, Poland; (M.J.); (J.Z.); (M.C.-S.)
| | - Agata Schneider
- Department of Cardiology Intensive Care Therapy and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Kusy
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, ul. Królowej Jadwigi 27/39, 61-871 Poznań, Poland; (M.J.); (J.Z.); (M.C.-S.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Santos JFDS, Dias Wilson V, Herrera-Valenzuela T, Sander Mansur Machado F. Time-Motion Analysis and Physiological Responses to Taekwondo Combat in Juvenile and Adult Athletes: A Systematic Review. Strength Cond J 2020. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|