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Ben-Zeev T, Sadres E, Hoffman JR. Comparison of Force Measures Between Start Position, Transition Phase, and Midthigh Pull With Weightlifting Performance During Israel National Competition. J Strength Cond Res 2023; 37:2200-2205. [PMID: 37682014 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Ben-Zeev, T, Sadres, E, and Hoffman, JR. Comparison of force measures between start position, transition phase, and midthigh pull with weightlifting performance during Israel National Competition. J Strength Cond Res 37(11): 2200-2205, 2023-This study compared the relationship between peak force (PKF) and rate of force development (RFD) at isometric start position pull (ISPP), isometric transition position pull (ITPP), and isometric midthigh pull (IMTP) with the snatch (SN), clean and jerk (C&J), and total score (TOT) in 30 national and international Israeli weightlifters (18 men and 12 women). All measures were collected either 1 week before or 1 week after the Israel weightlifting championship. A significant correlation was observed between peak force at all pull positions and performance in the SN, C&J, and TOT for men, women, and both sexes combined ( p < 0.001). The correlations were all very strong (e.g., r values all above 0.90) for both ISPP and ITPP, and all weightlifting performance variables, whereas the correlation between IMTP and weightlifting performance ranged from moderate ( r = 0.69) to strong ( r = 0.89). In addition, significant differences were observed between the correlation coefficient value in ISPP and ITPP with the TOT score compared with the correlations observed in IMTP ( z = 0.7, p = 0.046, and z = 1.7, p = 0.049, respectively). Significant differences were also observed in the women group for ISPP for the SN and TOT score compared with the correlation in IMTP ( z = 1.72, p = 0.043, and z = 1.75, p = 0.040, respectively). Rate of force development at 250 milliseconds significantly ( p values <0.05) correlated with the SN, C&J, and TOT in women ( r 's = 0.65, 0.68, and 0.67, respectively), and when both sexes were combined ( r 's = 0.59, 0.61, and 0.60, respectively), but not for the men. Results of this investigation indicated the importance of isometric force capabilities at ISPP and ITPP for weightlifting performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tavor Ben-Zeev
- Sport Science Program, School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel; and
| | | | - Jay R Hoffman
- Sport Science Program, School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel; and
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Warneke K, Wagner CM, Keiner M, Hillebrecht M, Schiemann S, Behm DG, Wallot S, Wirth K. Maximal strength measurement: A critical evaluation of common methods-a narrative review. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1105201. [PMID: 36873661 PMCID: PMC9981657 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1105201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Measuring maximal strength (MSt) is a very common performance diagnoses, especially in elite and competitive sports. The most popular procedure in test batteries is to test the one repetition maximum (1RM). Since testing maximum dynamic strength is very time consuming, it often suggested to use isometric testing conditions instead. This suggestion is based on the assumption that the high Pearson correlation coefficients of r ≥ 0.7 between isometric and dynamic conditions indicate that both tests would provide similar measures of MSt. However, calculating r provides information about the relationship between two parameters, but does not provide any statement about the agreement or concordance of two testing procedures. Hence, to assess replaceability, the concordance correlation coefficient (ρ c) and the Bland-Altman analysis including the mean absolute error (MAE) and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) seem to be more appropriate. Therefore, an exemplary model based on r = 0.55 showed ρ c = 0.53, A MAE of 413.58 N and a MAPE = 23.6% with a range of -1,000-800 N within 95% Confidence interval (95%CI), while r = 0.7 and 0.92 showed ρ c = 0.68 with a MAE = 304.51N/MAPE = 17.4% with a range of -750 N-600 N within a 95% CI and ρ c = 0.9 with a MAE = 139.99/MAPE = 7.1% with a range of -200-450 N within a 95% CI, respectively. This model illustrates the limited validity of correlation coefficients to evaluate the replaceability of two testing procedures. Interpretation and classification of ρ c, MAE and MAPE seem to depend on expected changes of the measured parameter. A MAPE of about 17% between two testing procedures can be assumed to be intolerably high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Warneke
- Department for Exercise, Sport and Health, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. Johns, NL, Canada
| | - Carl-Maximilian Wagner
- Department of Training Science, German University of Health and Sport, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Michael Keiner
- Department of Training Science, German University of Health and Sport, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hillebrecht
- University Sports Center, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Schiemann
- Department for Exercise, Sport and Health, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - David George Behm
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. Johns, NL, Canada
| | | | - Klaus Wirth
- Faculty of Training and Sports Science, University of Applied Science Wiener Neustadt, Vienna, Austria
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Joffe SA, Price P, Chavda S, Shaw J, Tallent J. The Relationship of Lower-Body, Multijoint, Isometric and Dynamic Neuromuscular Assessment Variables With Snatch, and Clean and Jerk Performance in Competitive Weightlifters: A Meta-Analysis. Strength Cond J 2022. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Montano J, Torossian E, Martinez VGF, Lhanie L, Awakimian S, Lopes CR, Marchetti PN, Marchetti PH. Different Barbell Height Positions Affect Maximal Isometric Deadlift Force and Subsequent Squat Jump Performance in Recreationally-Trained Men. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXERCISE SCIENCE 2021; 14:1247-1255. [PMID: 35096242 PMCID: PMC8758167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The primary purpose of this study is to examine the effect of two different deadlift barbell height positions on maximal isometric force and subsequent maximal squat jump performance in recreationally-trained men. Fifteen young, healthy, recreationally-trained men (age: 24.7 ± 3.5years, height: 177.1 ± 7.9cm, and total body mass: 81.2 ± 9.8kg) volunteered to participate. All participants performed maximal squat jumps (MSJ) at 90° of knee flexion before (pre-test) and after 4-min (post-test) performing the deadlift exercise using maximal isometric force (MIF) and MIF normalized by body mass (ratioMIF) in two barbell height positions (25% and 75% of the lower limb height, LLH) in a randomized and counterbalanced order. A paired-sample t-test was used to test differences in MIF and ratioMIF between 25% LLH and 75% LLH. Two-way ANOVAs were used for positions (25% LLH and 75% LLH) and time (pre- and post-test) for all dependent variables with an alpha of 5%. Differences were found for MIF and ratioMIF during the deadlift between 25% LLH and 75% LLH (p < 0.001). There was observed an increase in impulse between pre- and post-test only at 75% LLH (p < 0.001), decrease in time to peak force between pre- and post-test only at 75% LLH (p < 0.001), and increase in peak force between pre- and post-test at 75% LLH (p = 0.029). The present results showed that the maximal isometric deadlift exercise at 75% LLH (midthigh) improves subsequent jump performance of the squat jump recreationally-trained men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Montano
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University-Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Torossian
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University-Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Vincent G F Martinez
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University-Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Leran Lhanie
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University-Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Shahan Awakimian
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University-Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Charles R Lopes
- Human Movement Sciences Graduate Program, Methodist University of Piracicaba, SP, BRAZIL
- Adventist Faculty of Hortolandia, Hortolandia, SP, BRAZIL
| | - Priscyla N Marchetti
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University-Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Paulo H Marchetti
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University-Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA
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McPhail J, Gonçalves BAM, Spörri J, Linnamo V. Unilateral Maximal Isometric Hex Bar Pull Test: Within-Session Reliability and Lower Body Force Production in Male and Female Freeski Athletes. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:715833. [PMID: 34435187 PMCID: PMC8380774 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.715833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to (1) assess the within-session reliability of a unilateral isometric hex bar pull (UIHBP) maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) test and, (2) determine unilateral isometric absolute peak force (PFabs) and relative peak force (PF) values in freeski athletes. Twenty-one male and eight female academy to national team freeskiers performed the novel UIHBP MVC task on a force plate and PFabs and relative PF were assessed (1000 Hz). Within-session measures of PFabs offered high reliability on left and right limbs for males (ICC = 0.91-0.94, CV = 2.6-2.2%) and females (ICC = 0.94-0.94, CV = 1.4-1.6%), while relative PF measures showed good to high reliability in both left and right limbs for males (ICC = 0.8-0.84, CV = 2.6-2.2%) and females (ICC = 0.92-0.90, CV = 1.4-1.7%). We observed significantly lower PFabs (p < 0.001) and relative PF (p < 0.001) in females compared to males. No statistical difference was found between left and right limbs in males and females in PFabs (p = 0.98) and relative PF measures (p = 0.93). The UIHBP MVC test appears to be a reliable method for assessing PFabs and relative PF in male and female freeski athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan McPhail
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | | | - Jörg Spörri
- Sports Medical Research Group, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Centre for Prevention and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vesa Linnamo
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Bartolomei S, Grillone G, Di Michele R, Cortesi M. A Comparison between Male and Female Athletes in Relative Strength and Power Performances. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2021; 6:jfmk6010017. [PMID: 33572280 PMCID: PMC7930971 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk6010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare male vs. female athletes in strength and power performance relative to body mass (BM) and lean body mass (LBM) and to investigate the relationships between muscle architecture and strength in both genders. Sixteen men (age = 26.4 ± 5.0 years; body mass = 88.9 ± 16.6 kg; height = 177.6 ± 9.3 cm) and fourteen women (age = 25.1 ± 3.2 years; body mass = 58.1 ± 9.1 kg; height = 161.7 ± 4.8 cm) were tested for body composition and muscle thickness (MT) of vastus lateralis muscle (VT), pectoralis major (PEC), and trapezius (TRAP). In addition, participants were tested for lower body power at countermovement jump (CMJP) and upper-body power at bench press throw (BPT). Participants were also assessed for one repetition maximum (1RM) at bench press (1RMBP), deadlift (1RMDE), and squat (1RMSQ). Significantly greater (p < 0.01) MT of the VL, PEC and TRAP muscles and LBM were detected in men compared to women. Significantly greater (p < 0.05) 1RMBP and BPT adjusted for LBM were detected in men than in women. No significant gender differences after adjusting for LBM were detected for 1RMSQ (p = 0.945); 1RMDE (p = 0.472) and CMJP (p = 0.656). Significantly greater (p < 0.05) results in all performance assessments adjusted for MT of the specific muscles, were detected in males compared to females. Superior performances adjusted for MT and LBM in men compared to women, may be related to gender differences in muscle morphology and LBM distribution, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Bartolomei
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (G.G.); (R.D.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-051-20887777
| | - Giuseppe Grillone
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (G.G.); (R.D.M.)
| | - Rocco Di Michele
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (G.G.); (R.D.M.)
| | - Matteo Cortesi
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
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Application of ultrasound for muscle assessment in sarcopenia: 2020 SARCUS update. Eur Geriatr Med 2021; 12:45-59. [PMID: 33387359 DOI: 10.1007/s41999-020-00433-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In 2018, the SARCUS working group published a first article on the standardization of the use of ultrasound to assess muscle. Recommendations were made for patient positioning, system settings and components to be measured. Also, shortcomings in knowledge were mentioned. An important issue that still required standardization was the definition of anatomical landmarks for many muscles. METHODS A systematic search was performed in Medline, SCOPUS and Web of Sciences looking for all articles describing the use of ultrasound in the assessment of muscle not described in the first recommendations, published from 01/01/2018 until 31/01/2020. All relevant terms used for older people, ultrasound and muscles were used. RESULTS For 39 muscles, different approaches for ultrasound assessment were found that likely impact the values measured. Standardized anatomical landmarks and measuring points were proposed for all muscles/muscle groups. Besides the five already known muscle parameters (muscle thickness, cross-section area, pennation angle, fascicle length and echo-intensity), four new parameters are discussed (muscle volume, stiffness, contraction potential and microcirculation). The former SARCUS article recommendations are updated with this new information that includes new muscle groups. CONCLUSIONS The emerging field of ultrasound assessment of muscle mass only highlights the need for a standardization of measurement technique. In this article, guidelines are updated and broadened to provide standardization instructions for a large number of muscles.
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Andersen V, Pedersen H, Fimland MS, Shaw MP, Solstad TEJ, Stien N, Cumming KT, Saeterbakken AH. Acute Effects of Elastic Bands as Resistance or Assistance on EMG, Kinetics, and Kinematics During Deadlift in Resistance-Trained Men. Front Sports Act Living 2020; 2:598284. [PMID: 33345180 PMCID: PMC7739579 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2020.598284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare neuromuscular activation, kinetics and kinematics in three variations of the deadlift: (1) free weights, (2) free weights with elastic bands as resistance (bands anchored to the ground) and (3) free weights with elastic bands as assistance (bands attached above the bar). Sixteen resistance-trained men performed one repetition of the three variations as fast as possible using a 2-repetition maximum load in randomized and counterbalanced order. Muscle activation (gluteus maximus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris, erector spinae, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis), kinematics (average-, peak-, and time to peak velocity), and kinetics (average-, peak,-and time to peak force) were measured during the ascending movement. Resisted and assisted deadlifts led to higher average and peak force outputs (p < 0.001–0.037, ES = 0.29–0.58), and time to peak velocity was shorter when compared to the free weights deadlift (p = 0.005–0.010, ES = 0.83–1.01). However, peak force was achieved faster when using free weights (p < 0.001, ES = 1.58–2.10) and assisted deadlifts had a lower peak velocity compared to resisted and free weights deadlift (p = 0.004–0.046, ES = 0.43–0.60). There were no significant differences in muscle activation between the different conditions (p = 0.082–1.000). In conclusion, the assisted and resisted deadlift produced higher force when compared to free weights. However, free weight and resisted deadlift seem more favorable for the barbell velocity. These findings are of importance for athletes and coaches which should select exercise depending on the goal of the session.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidar Andersen
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Helene Pedersen
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Marius Steiro Fimland
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Unicare Helsefort Rehabilitation Center, Rissa, Norway
| | - Matthew Peter Shaw
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Tom Erik Jorung Solstad
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Nicolay Stien
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | | | - Atle Hole Saeterbakken
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
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