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Polikanova I, Yakushina A, Leonov S, Kruchinina A, Chertopolokhov V, Liutsko L. What Differences Exist in Professional Ice Hockey Performance Using Virtual Reality (VR) Technology between Professional Hockey Players and Freestyle Wrestlers? (a Pilot Study). Sports (Basel) 2022; 10:116. [PMID: 36006083 PMCID: PMC9414154 DOI: 10.3390/sports10080116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is little research on the study of specific characteristics that contribute to the faster adaptation of athletes during the transition from one sport to another. We used virtual reality (VR) to study the differences between professional ice hockey players and other sport professionals (freestyle wrestlers), who were novices in hockey in terms of motor responses and efficiency performance, on different levels of difficulty. In the VR environment, four levels of difficulty (four blocks) were simulated, depended on the speed of the puck and the distance to it (Bl1-60-80 km/h and 18 m; Bl2-60-100 km/h, distances 12 and 18 m; Bl3-speeds up to 170 km/h and 6, 12, and 18 m; Bl4-the pucks are presented in a series of two (in sequence with a 1 s interval)). The results of the study showed that the hockey professionals proved to have more stable movement patterns of the knee and hip joints. They also made fewer head movements as a response to stimuli during all runs (0.66 vs. 1.25, p = 0.043). Thus, working out on these parameters can contribute to the faster adaptation of wrestlers in developing professional ice hockey skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Polikanova
- Department of Psychology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 125009 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Higher School of Economics (HSE University), 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia Yakushina
- Department of Psychology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 125009 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Sergey Leonov
- Department of Psychology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 125009 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Anna Kruchinina
- Department of Mechanics and Mathematics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (V.C.)
| | - Victor Chertopolokhov
- Department of Mechanics and Mathematics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (V.C.)
| | - Liudmila Liutsko
- Department of Psychology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 125009 Moscow, Russia;
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Shaw KA, Butcher S, Ko JB, Absher A, Gordon J, Tkachuk C, Zello GA, Chilibeck PD. Wearing a Surgical Face Mask Has Minimal Effect on Performance and Physiological Measures during High-Intensity Exercise in Youth Ice-Hockey Players: A Randomized Cross-Over Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010766. [PMID: 34682512 PMCID: PMC8535201 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 transmission is prevalent during ice-hockey; however, it is unknown whether wearing face masks as a mitigation strategy affects hockey players’ performance. We used a randomized cross-over study to compare wearing a surgical mask to a sham mask (control) in youth hockey players (21 males, 5 females, 11.7 ± 1.6 y) during a simulated hockey period (cycle ergometry; six shifts of 20 s of “easy” pedaling (40% peak power), 10 s of “hard” pedaling (95% peak power), 20 s of “easy” pedaling, with shifts separated by 5 min rests). A seventh shift involved two 20 s Wingate tests separated by 40 s rest. Heart rate, arterial oxygen saturation and vastus lateralis tissue oxygenation index (hemoglobin saturation/desaturation) was assessed each shift. On-ice testing was conducted with the maximal Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test. No differences between mask and control conditions for performance were found (Wingate average power: 245 ± 93 vs. 237 ± 93 W, Peak power: 314 ± 116 vs. 304 ± 115 W, on-ice distance: 274 ± 116 vs. 274 ± 110 m) and for heart rate or arterial oxygen saturation during simulated hockey shifts. Tissue oxygenation index was lower from shifts one to six for males (p < 0.05) and shift seven for females (p < 0.01) while wearing a mask. Wearing a face mask had no effect on performance in hockey players with only minor effects on muscle oxygenation. ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04874766) (accessed on 6 May 2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Keely A. Shaw
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B2, Canada; (K.A.S.); (J.B.K.); (A.A.); (J.G.)
| | - Scotty Butcher
- School of Rehabilitation Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B2, Canada;
| | - Jong Bum Ko
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B2, Canada; (K.A.S.); (J.B.K.); (A.A.); (J.G.)
| | - Abdi Absher
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B2, Canada; (K.A.S.); (J.B.K.); (A.A.); (J.G.)
| | - Julianne Gordon
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B2, Canada; (K.A.S.); (J.B.K.); (A.A.); (J.G.)
| | - Cody Tkachuk
- Pediatric Physical Therapy, Jim Pattison Children’s Hospital, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B2, Canada;
| | - Gordon A. Zello
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B2, Canada;
| | - Philip D. Chilibeck
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B2, Canada; (K.A.S.); (J.B.K.); (A.A.); (J.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(306)-966-1072
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Leiter JR, Cordingley DM, MacDonald PB. Development of Anaerobic Fitness in Top-Level Competitive Youth Ice Hockey Players. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 32:2612-2615. [PMID: 29239995 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Leiter, JR, Cordingley, DM, and MacDonald, PB. Development of anaerobic fitness in top-level competitive youth ice hockey players. J Strength Cond Res 32(9): 2612-2615, 2018-Ice hockey is a physiologically complex sport involving both the anaerobic and aerobic energy systems. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anaerobic power output (PO) of top-level competitive youth hockey players. It was hypothesized that with each successive increase in age, there would be an associated change in anaerobic PO. Two hundred and fifty-one male hockey players between the ages of 13-17 years participated in this study. All athletes completed a 30-second Wingate test as part of a preseason physiological and fitness combine. A 1-way analysis of variance was performed to compare peak PO (POpeak), average PO (POavg), and fatigue index between all age groups. A Tukey's post hoc test was used to determine changes in immediately successive age groups for all variables. Age categories were grouped as 13 years old (yrs) (n = 72), 14 yrs (n = 68), 15 yrs (57) and 16 yrs (n = 54, including 11 athletes 17 yrs). Absolute POpeak significantly increased with all age increases. Relative POpeak, absolute POavg, and relative POavg increased between the ages of 13 and 14 years, and 14 and 15 years, but not between the ages 15 and 16 years. There were no changes in fatigue index between any successive age groups. Anaerobic PO increases with an increase in age with no associated change in fatigue index. Athletes, coaches, and parents can use this normative data to help prepare the player for upcoming seasons in which there may be an increase in level or age class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff R Leiter
- Pan Am Clinic Foundation, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Peter B MacDonald
- Pan Am Clinic Foundation, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Stanula A, Roczniok R, Maszczyk A, Pietraszewski P, Zając A. The role of aerobic capacity in high-intensity intermittent efforts in ice-hockey. Biol Sport 2014; 31:193-9. [PMID: 25177097 PMCID: PMC4135063 DOI: 10.5604/20831862.1111437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to determine a relationship between aerobic capacity (V.O2max) and fatigue from high-intensity skating in elite male hockey players. The subjects were twenty-four male members of the senior national ice hockey team of Poland who played the position of forward or defence. Each subject completed an on-ice Repeated-Skate Sprint test (RSS) consisting of 6 timed 89-m sprints, with 30 s of rest between subsequent efforts, and an incremental test on a cycle ergometer in the laboratory, the aim of which was to establish their maximal oxygen uptake (V.O2max). The analysis of variance showed that each next repetition in the 6x89 m test was significantly longer than the previous one (F5,138=53.33, p<0.001). An analysis of the fatigue index (FI) calculated from the times recorded for subsequent repetitions showed that the value of the FI increased with subsequent repetitions, reaching its maximum between repetitions 5 and 6 (3.10±1.16%). The total FI was 13.77±1.74%. The coefficient of correlation between V.O2max and the total FI for 6 sprints on the distance of 89 m (r =–0.584) was significant (p=0.003). The variance in the index of players’ fatigue in the 6x89 m test accounted for 34% of the variance in V.O2max. The 6x89 m test proposed in this study offers a high test-retest correlation coefficient (r=0.78). Even though the test is criticized for being too exhaustive and thereby for producing highly variable results it still seems that it was well selected for repeated sprint ability testing in hockey players.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Stanula
- Department of Methodology, Statistics and Computer Science, Chair of Theory and Practice of Sport, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - R Roczniok
- Department of Methodology, Statistics and Computer Science, Chair of Theory and Practice of Sport, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - A Maszczyk
- Department of Methodology, Statistics and Computer Science, Chair of Theory and Practice of Sport, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - P Pietraszewski
- Department of Methodology, Statistics and Computer Science, Chair of Theory and Practice of Sport, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - A Zając
- Department of Methodology, Statistics and Computer Science, Chair of Theory and Practice of Sport, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
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Driss T, Vandewalle H. The measurement of maximal (anaerobic) power output on a cycle ergometer: a critical review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:589361. [PMID: 24073413 PMCID: PMC3773392 DOI: 10.1155/2013/589361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The interests and limits of the different methods and protocols of maximal (anaerobic) power (Pmax) assessment are reviewed: single all-out tests versus force-velocity tests, isokinetic ergometers versus friction-loaded ergometers, measure of Pmax during the acceleration phase or at peak velocity. The effects of training, athletic practice, diet and pharmacological substances upon the production of maximal mechanical power are not discussed in this review mainly focused on the technical (ergometer, crank length, toe clips), methodological (protocols) and biological factors (muscle volume, muscle fiber type, age, gender, growth, temperature, chronobiology and fatigue) limiting Pmax in cycling. Although the validity of the Wingate test is questionable, a large part of the review is dedicated to this test which is currently the all-out cycling test the most often used. The biomechanical characteristics specific of maximal and high speed cycling, the bioenergetics of the all-out cycling exercises and the influence of biochemical factors (acidosis and alkalosis, phosphate ions…) are recalled at the beginning of the paper. The basic knowledge concerning the consequences of the force-velocity relationship upon power output, the biomechanics of sub-maximal cycling exercises and the study on the force-velocity relationship in cycling by Dickinson in 1928 are presented in Appendices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarak Driss
- CeRSM, E.A. 2931, Equipe de Physiologie et de Biomécanique du Mouvement, UFR STAPS, Université Paris Ouest Nanterre—La Défense, 200 avenue de la République, 92000 Nanterre, France
| | - Henry Vandewalle
- Laboratoire de Physiologie, UFR de Santé, Médecine et Biologie Humaine, Université Paris XIII, Rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny Cedex, France
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Nightingale SC, Miller S, Turner A. The Usefulness and Reliability of Fitness Testing Protocols for Ice Hockey Players. J Strength Cond Res 2013; 27:1742-8. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e3182736948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Thébault N, Léger LA, Passelergue P. Repeated-Sprint Ability and Aerobic Fitness. J Strength Cond Res 2011; 25:2857-65. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e318207ef37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Ransdell LB, Murray T. A Physical Profile of Elite Female Ice Hockey Players from the USA. J Strength Cond Res 2011; 25:2358-63. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e31822a5440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Noonan BC. Intragame Blood-Lactate Values During Ice Hockey and Their Relationships to Commonly Used Hockey Testing Protocols. J Strength Cond Res 2010; 24:2290-5. [PMID: 20683352 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181e99c4a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C Noonan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Yale New Haven Hospital, Guilford, Connecticut, USA.
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