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Hayta U, Dinc N, Taneli F. Effects of 8-week strength training on basal hormone levels, sex hormone binding globulin, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3, oxidative stress markers, and IL-6 levels in adolescent athletes. Hormones (Athens) 2024:10.1007/s42000-024-00591-6. [PMID: 39177743 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-024-00591-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to investigate how 8-week strength training affects adolescent athletes' basal hormone concentrations, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), cytokine, and oxidative stress markers. METHODS Twenty adolescent handball players participated in this study. The participants were randomly divided into the strength training group (ST, n = 10) and the control group (C, n = 10). ST participates in strength training 3 sessions a week for 8 weeks and C participates only in handball training. We quantified serum basal hormone concentration, SHBG, IGFBP3, oxidative stress markers, and IL-6 in each subject's blood samples before and after 8 weeks of strength training. RESULTS Interestingly, while insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentration declined in group C (p < 0.05), it did not in ST (p > 0.05). Furthermore, the basal concentration of growth hormone (GH), total testosterone (T), cortisol (Cor), total antioxidant status (TAS), and serum-free androgen index (FAI) basal concentration did not change in ST and C. Basal IGFBP-3 and SHBG concentrations decreased only in ST (p < 0.05), but not in C (p > 0.05). Serum-free testosterone (FT) levels increased in ST and C (p > 0.05). Total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) reduced ST and C (p < 0.05). Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels did not alter groups ST and C. CONCLUSION Strength training did not affect basal serum concentrations of T, GH, IGF-1, COR, IL-6, and TAS, but it caused a decrease in SHBG and IGFBP3 concentrations in ST. Increased basal FT concentration and improved serum TOS may not depend on strength training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umit Hayta
- Health Sciences Institute, Sport Sciences and Technology, HaceTepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Nurten Dinc
- Sport Sciences Faculty, Department of Coaching Education, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Fatma Taneli
- Department of Biochemistry, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Medicine, Manisa, Turkey
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Babiloni-Lopez C, Gargallo P, Juesas A, Gene-Morales J, Saez-Berlanga A, Jiménez-Martínez P, Casaña J, Benitez-Martinez JC, Sáez GT, Fernández-Garrido J, Alix-Fages C, Colado JC. Long-Term Effects of Microfiltered Seawater and Resistance Training with Elastic Bands on Hepatic Parameters, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Blood Pressure of Older Women: A 32-Week, Double-Blinded, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:204. [PMID: 38255091 PMCID: PMC10815454 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The bulk of research on microfiltered seawater (SW) is based on its short-term effects. However, the long-term physiological adaptations to combining SW and resistance training (RT) are unknown. This study aimed to analyse the impact of an RT program using elastic bands combined with SW intake on hepatic biomarkers, inflammation, oxidative stress, and blood pressure in post-menopausal women. Ninety-three women voluntarily participated (age: 70 ± 6.26 years; body mass index: 22.05 ± 3.20 kg/m2; Up-and-Go Test: 6.66 ± 1.01 s). RT consisted of six exercises (32 weeks, 2 days/week). Nonsignificant differences were reported for hepatic biomarkers except for a reduction in glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) in both RT groups (RT + SW: p = 0.003, ES = 0.51; RT + Placebo: p = 0.012, ES = 0.36). Concerning oxidative stress, vitamin D increased significantly in RT + SW (p = 0.008, ES = 0.25). Regarding inflammation, interleukin 6 significantly decreased (p = 0.003, ES = 0.69) in RT + SW. Finally, systolic blood pressure significantly decreased in both RT groups (RT + placebo: p < 0.001, ES = 0.79; RT + SW: p < 0.001, ES = 0.71) as did diastolic blood pressure in both SW groups (RT + SW: p = 0.002, ES = 0.51; CON + SW: p = 0.028, ES = 0.50). Therefore, RT + SW or SW alone are safe strategies in the long term with no influences on hepatic and oxidative stress biomarkers. Additionally, SW in combination with RT positively influences vitamin D levels, inflammation, and blood pressure in older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Babiloni-Lopez
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.B.-L.); (P.G.); (A.J.); (A.S.-B.); (P.J.-M.); (G.T.S.); (C.A.-F.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Pedro Gargallo
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.B.-L.); (P.G.); (A.J.); (A.S.-B.); (P.J.-M.); (G.T.S.); (C.A.-F.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Alvaro Juesas
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.B.-L.); (P.G.); (A.J.); (A.S.-B.); (P.J.-M.); (G.T.S.); (C.A.-F.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Javier Gene-Morales
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.B.-L.); (P.G.); (A.J.); (A.S.-B.); (P.J.-M.); (G.T.S.); (C.A.-F.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Angel Saez-Berlanga
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.B.-L.); (P.G.); (A.J.); (A.S.-B.); (P.J.-M.); (G.T.S.); (C.A.-F.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Pablo Jiménez-Martínez
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.B.-L.); (P.G.); (A.J.); (A.S.-B.); (P.J.-M.); (G.T.S.); (C.A.-F.); (J.C.C.)
- ICEN Institute, 28840 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Casaña
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Josep C. Benitez-Martinez
- Research Group in Physiotherapy Technology and Recovering (FTR), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Guillermo T. Sáez
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.B.-L.); (P.G.); (A.J.); (A.S.-B.); (P.J.-M.); (G.T.S.); (C.A.-F.); (J.C.C.)
- Service of Clinical Analysis, University Hospital Dr. Peset—FISABIO, 46017 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Julio Fernández-Garrido
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing and Chiropody, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Carlos Alix-Fages
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.B.-L.); (P.G.); (A.J.); (A.S.-B.); (P.J.-M.); (G.T.S.); (C.A.-F.); (J.C.C.)
- ICEN Institute, 28840 Madrid, Spain
- Applied Biomechanics and Sport Technology Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan C. Colado
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.B.-L.); (P.G.); (A.J.); (A.S.-B.); (P.J.-M.); (G.T.S.); (C.A.-F.); (J.C.C.)
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3
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Caturano A, D’Angelo M, Mormone A, Russo V, Mollica MP, Salvatore T, Galiero R, Rinaldi L, Vetrano E, Marfella R, Monda M, Giordano A, Sasso FC. Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetes: Impacts from Pathogenesis to Lifestyle Modifications. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:6651-6666. [PMID: 37623239 PMCID: PMC10453126 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45080420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a critical factor in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetes and its associated complications. The imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the body's antioxidant defence mechanisms leads to cellular damage and dysfunction. In diabetes, chronic hyperglycaemia and mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to increased ROS production, further exacerbating oxidative stress. This oxidative burden adversely affects various aspects of diabetes, including impaired beta-cell function and insulin resistance, leading to disrupted glucose regulation. Additionally, oxidative stress-induced damage to blood vessels and impaired endothelial function contribute to the development of diabetic vascular complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, organs and tissues throughout the body, including the kidneys, nerves, and eyes, are vulnerable to oxidative stress, resulting in diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy. Strategies to mitigate oxidative stress in diabetes include antioxidant therapy, lifestyle modifications, and effective management of hyperglycaemia. However, further research is necessary to comprehensively understand the underlying mechanisms of oxidative stress in diabetes and to evaluate the efficacy of antioxidant interventions in preventing and treating diabetic complications. By addressing oxidative stress, it might be possible to alleviate the burden of diabetes and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Caturano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I-80138 Naples, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I-80138 Naples, Italy; (M.D.)
| | - Margherita D’Angelo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I-80138 Naples, Italy; (M.D.)
- Department of Biology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Andrea Mormone
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Russo
- Department of Biology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, I-80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Salvatore
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Galiero
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Rinaldi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Erica Vetrano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Marfella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Marcellino Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I-80138 Naples, Italy; (M.D.)
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Biology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Ferdinando Carlo Sasso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I-80138 Naples, Italy
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Clemente-Suárez VJ, Bustamante-Sanchez Á, Mielgo-Ayuso J, Martínez-Guardado I, Martín-Rodríguez A, Tornero-Aguilera JF. Antioxidants and Sports Performance. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102371. [PMID: 37242253 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant response in training adaptations and sports performance has been a large issue investigated in the last few years. The present review aims to analyze the role of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant response in sports performance. For this aim, the production of reactive oxygen species in physical activities, the effect of reactive oxygen species on sports performance, the relationship between reactive oxygen species and training adaptations, inflammation, and the microbiota, the effect of antioxidants on recovery and sports performance, and strategies to use antioxidants supplementations will be discussed. Finally, practical applications derived from this information are discussed. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during physical activity greatly influences sports performance. This review concludes that ROS play a critical role in the processes of training adaptation induced by resistance training through a reduction in inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress, as well as appropriate molecular signaling. Additionally, it has been established that micronutrients play an important role in counteracting free radicals, such as reactive oxygen species, which cause oxidative stress, and the effects of antioxidants on recovery, sports performance, and strategies for using antioxidant supplements, such as vitamin C, vitamin E, resveratrol, coenzyme Q10, selenium, and curcumin to enhance physical and mental well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juan Mielgo-Ayuso
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Ismael Martínez-Guardado
- BRABE Group, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Nebrija, C/del Hostal, 28248 Madrid, Spain
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Skubisz Z, Kupczyk D, Goch A, Siedlaczek M, Sielski Ł, Niespodziński B, Mikołajewska E, Zasada M, Augustyńska B. Influence of Classical Massage on Biochemical Markers of Oxidative Stress in Humans: Pilot Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6647250. [PMID: 34926686 PMCID: PMC8683164 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6647250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Classical massage is one of the most popular forms of conservative treatment in various diseases. Despite the wide scope of research, the mechanisms of massage are not fully known and understood. Apart from the well-described effects on individual body systems, there are few scientific reports on the effects of massage on the human body at the subcellular level. The study was designed to assess changes in oxidative stress parameters in healthy volunteers after a single session of classical massage. 29 healthy volunteers aged 22.24 ± 3.64 participated in the study. Before and 30 minutes after the massage procedures, blood samples were taken by experienced personnel. Biochemical markers of oxidative homeostasis were assessed with highly specific methods for each parameter: oxidase ceruloplasmin, glutathione, malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and superoxide dismutase. The study demonstrates that massage therapy caused statistically significant decrease in the concentration of glutathione peroxidase (red blood cells) and increase in the level of glutathione peroxidase (plasma), superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde. In contrast, statistically significant changes in the hematocrit, glutathione, NO2-/NO3-, and oxidase ceruloplasmin were not observed. The results show that complex influence of classical massage therapy on human organism may be reflected in parameters of the oxidative stress. To understand this mechanism clearly, further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zofia Skubisz
- Institute of Physical Education, Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Daria Kupczyk
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Aleksander Goch
- Department of Physiotherapy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland
| | - Marcin Siedlaczek
- Department of Physiotherapy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland
| | - Łukasz Sielski
- Ludwik Warmiński Municipal Hospital in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | | | - Emilia Mikołajewska
- Department of Physiotherapy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland
| | - Mariusz Zasada
- Institute of Physical Education, Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Beata Augustyńska
- Institute of Physical Education, Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland
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6
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Lunetti P, Capobianco L, Zara V, Ferramosca A. Physical Activity and Male Reproductive Function: A New Role for Gamete Mitochondria. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2021; 49:99-106. [PMID: 33720911 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Several studies demonstrated that some types of physical exercise might affect male reproductive potential, even though the potential mechanisms involved in the modulation of sperm quality remain poorly understood. Therefore, we propose a new role for gamete mitochondria as a key hub that coordinates molecular events related to the effects induced by physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Lunetti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
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7
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Creatine Supplementation, Physical Exercise and Oxidative Stress Markers: A Review of the Mechanisms and Effectiveness. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030869. [PMID: 33800880 PMCID: PMC8000194 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the result of an imbalance between the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their elimination by antioxidant mechanisms. ROS degrade biogenic substances such as deoxyribonucleic acid, lipids, and proteins, which in turn may lead to oxidative tissue damage. One of the physiological conditions currently associated with enhanced oxidative stress is exercise. Although a period of intense training may cause oxidative damage to muscle fibers, regular exercise helps increase the cells' ability to reduce the ROS over-accumulation. Regular moderate-intensity exercise has been shown to increase antioxidant defense. Endogenous antioxidants cannot completely prevent oxidative damage under the physiological and pathological conditions (intense exercise and exercise at altitude). These conditions may disturb the endogenous antioxidant balance and increase oxidative stress. In this case, the use of antioxidant supplements such as creatine can have positive effects on the antioxidant system. Creatine is made up of two essential amino acids, arginine and methionine, and one non-essential amino acid, glycine. The exact action mechanism of creatine as an antioxidant is not known. However, it has been shown to increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the capability to eliminate ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). It seems that the antioxidant effects of creatine may be due to various mechanisms such as its indirect (i.e., increased or normalized cell energy status) and direct (i.e., maintaining mitochondrial integrity) mechanisms. Creatine supplement consumption may have a synergistic effect with training, but the intensity and duration of training can play an important role in the antioxidant activity. In this study, the researchers attempted to review the literature on the effects of creatine supplementation and physical exercise on oxidative stress.
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Comparing the effects of resistance exercise type on serum levels of oxidative stress and muscle damage markers in resistance-trained women. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-020-00622-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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Lam T, Birzniece V, McLean M, Gurney H, Hayden A, Cheema BS. The Adverse Effects of Androgen Deprivation Therapy in Prostate Cancer and the Benefits and Potential Anti-oncogenic Mechanisms of Progressive Resistance Training. SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN 2020; 6:13. [PMID: 32056047 PMCID: PMC7018888 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-020-0242-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer has the second highest incidence of all cancers amongst men worldwide. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) remains a common form of treatment. However, in reducing serum testosterone to castrate levels and rendering men hypogonadal, ADT contributes to a myriad of adverse effects which can affect prostate cancer prognosis. Physical activity is currently recommended as synergistic medicine in prostate cancer patients to alleviate the adverse effects of treatment. Progressive resistance training (PRT) is an anabolic exercise modality which may be of benefit in prostate cancer patients given its potency in maintaining and positively adapting skeletal muscle. However, currently, there is a scarcity of RCTs which have evaluated the use of isolated PRT in counteracting the adverse effects of prostate cancer treatment. Moreover, although physical activity in general has been found to reduce relapse rates and improve survival in prostate cancer, the precise anti-oncogenic effects of specific exercise modalities, including PRT, have not been fully established. Thus, the overall objective of this article is to provide a rationale for the in-depth investigation of PRT and its biological effects in men with prostate cancer on ADT. This will be achieved by (1) summarising the metabolic effects of ADT in patients with prostate cancer and its effect on prostate cancer progression and prognosis, (2) reviewing the existing evidence regarding the metabolic benefits of PRT in this cohort, (3) exploring the possible oncological pathways by which PRT can affect prostate cancer prognosis and progression and (4) outlining avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Lam
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia. .,Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia. .,Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Blacktown Hospital, Blacktown, NSW, Australia.
| | - Vita Birzniece
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.,Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Blacktown Hospital, Blacktown, NSW, Australia.,School of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,Translational Health Research Institute, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark McLean
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.,Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Blacktown Hospital, Blacktown, NSW, Australia
| | - Howard Gurney
- Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Amy Hayden
- Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Blacktown Hospital, Blacktown, NSW, Australia
| | - Birinder S Cheema
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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Tofas T, Draganidis D, Deli CK, Georgakouli K, Fatouros IG, Jamurtas AZ. Exercise-Induced Regulation of Redox Status in Cardiovascular Diseases: The Role of Exercise Training and Detraining. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 9:antiox9010013. [PMID: 31877965 PMCID: PMC7023632 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are beneficial for the organism ensuring normal cell and vascular function, the overproduction of ROS and increased oxidative stress levels play a significant role in the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This paper aims at providing a thorough review of the available literature investigating the effects of acute and chronic exercise training and detraining on redox regulation, in the context of CVDs. An acute bout of either cardiovascular or resistance exercise training induces a transient oxidative stress and inflammatory response accompanied by reduced antioxidant capacity and enhanced oxidative damage. There is evidence showing that these responses to exercise are proportional to exercise intensity and inversely related to an individual’s physical conditioning status. However, when chronically performed, both types of exercise amplify the antioxidant defense mechanism, reduce oxidative stress and preserve redox status. On the other hand, detraining results in maladaptations within a time-frame that depends on the exercise training intensity and mode, as high-intensity training is superior to low-intensity and resistance training is superior to cardiovascular training in preserving exercise-induced adaptations during detraining periods. Collectively, these findings suggest that exercise training, either cardiovascular or resistance or even a combination of them, is a promising, safe and efficient tool in the prevention and treatment of CVDs.
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11
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Khoobkhahi N, Delavar R, Nayebifar S. The combinatory effects of combined training (endurance–resistance) and garlic supplementation on oxidative stress and antioxidant adaptations in untrained boys. Sci Sports 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Resistance Training, Antioxidant Status, and Antioxidant Supplementation. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2019; 29:539-547. [PMID: 30859847 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Resistance training is known to promote the generation of reactive oxygen species. Although this can likely upregulate the natural, endogenous antioxidant defense systems, high amounts of reactive oxygen species can cause skeletal muscle damage, fatigue, and impair recovery. To prevent these, antioxidant supplements are commonly consumed along with exercise. Recently, it has been shown that these reactive oxygen species are important for the cellular adaptation process, acting as redox signaling molecules. However, most of the research regarding antioxidant status and antioxidant supplementation with exercise has focused on endurance training. In this review, the authors discuss the evidence for resistance training modulating the antioxidant status. They also highlight the effects of combining antioxidant supplementation with resistance training on training-induced skeletal muscle adaptations.
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13
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Çakir-Atabek H, Dokumaci B, Aygün C. Strength Loss After Eccentric Exercise Is Related to Oxidative Stress but Not Muscle Damage Biomarkers. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2019; 90:385-394. [PMID: 31135277 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2019.1603990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate (a) time-dependent changes in muscle damage (MD) biomarkers, oxidative stress (OS) indices, and maximum strength performance; (b) the relationship between changes in maximum strength performance and changes in MD and OS indices; and (c) whether eccentric exercise-induced MD is related to OS. Method: Twenty-nine male volunteers (age: 22.13 ± 3.1 years) participated in the study. Participants performed 60 maximal eccentric actions of the elbow flexors at a constant velocity of 60°·s-1. Maximum isokinetic strength (MIS), visual analog scale soreness scores, serum creatine kinase (CK) activity, total antioxidant status, total oxidant status (TOS), protein carbonyl (PCO), and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine level were analyzed. Blood samples were obtained before, immediately after, and 24 h, 48 h, and 96 h after the eccentric exercise. Change in total work (%ΔTWk), peak torque (%ΔPT), and OS index were calculated. Results: CK, PCO, and TOS significantly increased over time (p < .05). However, no significant main effect was observed for MIS or any other investigated biomarkers (p > .05). MIS was not related to MD or OS indices. However, %ΔTWk demonstrated a moderate inverse correlation with OS indices. No significant relationship was observed between %ΔPT and any of the selected biomarkers. Conclusions: Our findings confirm the hypothesis that acute eccentric exercise increases MD biomarkers and OS indices. However, indices of OS damage were significantly related, particularly, to the strength loss of flexors. This finding suggests that the decline in strength performance is not the primary determinant of the magnitude of MD following voluntary eccentric contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cihan Aygün
- a Eskisehir Technical University
- b Anadolu University
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Christou GA. The role of high density lipoprotein in the determination of the vascular effects of chronic exercise training in hypertensive patients. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2019; 26:1298-1300. [DOI: 10.1177/2047487319853334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios A Christou
- Laboratory of Sports Medicine, Sports Medicine Division, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
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15
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Rosen M, Chan P, Saleem M, Herrmann N, Adibfar A, Andreazza A, Oh PI, Lanctôt KL. Longitudinal associations between 4-hydroxynonenal and depression in coronary artery disease patients. Psychiatry Res 2018; 270:219-224. [PMID: 30267986 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Depressive symptoms in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) attenuate the cardiovascular benefits of cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Given that oxidative stress may be an important mechanism underlying depression, this study aimed to understand the longitudinal relationship between lipid peroxidation markers and depression in CAD. Serum levels of early (lipid hydroperoxides, LPH) and late (4‑hydroxy‑2-nonenal, 4-HNE; 8-isoprotane, 8-ISO) lipid peroxidation markers were measured in 120 CAD patients undergoing CR. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Axis I Disorders - Depression Module (SCID) was used to diagnose depression at baseline and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was used to measure depressive symptom severity. Multivariate mixed models compared the trajectories of serum LPH, 4-HNE, and 8-ISO between depressed and non-depressed CAD patients undergoing 6 months of CR. Similar models evaluated the associations between serum LPH, 4-HNE, and 8-ISO and CES-D score over the course of CR. Serum 4-HNE decreased less in CAD patients with depression compared to those without. In addition, a decrease in 4-HNE concentrations was significantly associated with a decrease in CES-D scores over 6 months. These findings suggest that 4-HNE may be an important marker of depressive symptoms in CAD and may be involved in its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rosen
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, FG-08, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Parco Chan
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, FG-08, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mahwesh Saleem
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, FG-08, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Nathan Herrmann
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, FG-08, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexander Adibfar
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, FG-08, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ana Andreazza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul I Oh
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Krista L Lanctôt
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, FG-08, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Takegaki J, Ogasawara R, Tamura Y, Takagi R, Arihara Y, Tsutaki A, Nakazato K, Ishii N. Repeated bouts of resistance exercise with short recovery periods activates mTOR signaling, but not protein synthesis, in mouse skeletal muscle. Physiol Rep 2018; 5:5/22/e13515. [PMID: 29180484 PMCID: PMC5704086 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The recovery period between bouts of exercise is one of the major factors influencing the effects of resistance exercise, in addition to exercise intensity and volume. However, the effects of shortening the recovery time between bouts of resistance exercise on subsequent protein synthesis remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the consequences of shortening the recovery time between bouts of resistance exercise on protein synthesis and related processes in mouse skeletal muscles. Eighteen male C57BL/6J mice were randomly subjected to three bouts of resistance exercise with 72 (72H), 24 (24H), or 8 h (8H) of recovery periods between bouts. Resistance exercise, consisting of five sets of 3 s × 10 isometric contractions with 3 min rest between sets, was elicited on the right tibialis anterior muscle via percutaneous electrical stimulation on the deep peroneal nerve under isoflurane anesthesia. The left muscle served as an internal control. Six hours after the third bout of exercise, protein synthesis was found to be activated in the 72H and 24H groups, but not in the 8H group. Phosphorylation of p70S6K at Thr 389, a marker of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, was increased in all groups, with the 8H group showing the highest magnitude. In contrast, protein carbonylation was observed only in mice in the 8H group. These results suggest that repeated bouts of resistance exercise with 8 h of recovery periods do not effectively increase the levels of muscle protein synthesis despite activation of the mTOR signaling pathway, which likely involves oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Takegaki
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Riki Ogasawara
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuki Tamura
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Takagi
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Arihara
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Arata Tsutaki
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Nakazato
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naokata Ishii
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Arazi H, Asadi A, Suzuki K. The Effects of Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate-Free Acid Supplementation and Resistance Training on Oxidative Stress Markers: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7060076. [PMID: 29891761 PMCID: PMC6025490 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7060076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 6-week beta-hydroxy-beta methylbutyrate-free acid (HMB-FA) supplementation on oxidative stress and biochemical variables in responses to resistance training. Sixteen healthy young males participated in this study and were randomly assigned to a HMB-FA supplementation group (n = 8) or a placebo supplementation group (n = 8). The resistance training program was applied for 6 weeks with two sessions per week. Blood samples were collected before and after training, and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC), and biochemical variables, such as alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and the numbers of total white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes were analyzed. Following intervention, both the HMB-FA and placebo supplementation groups showed significant decreases in MDA (effect size [ES]; −0.39, −0.33) and PC (ES; −1.37, −1.41), respectively. However, 8-OHdG did not change after 6 weeks of training in any of the groups. In addition, both groups showed similar training effects on biochemical variables after 6 weeks of intervention. It was concluded that HMB-FA supplementation during resistance training did not add further adaptive changes related to oxidative stress markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Arazi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht 1438, Iran.
| | - Abbas Asadi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht 1438, Iran.
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan.
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Ghanbari-Niaki A, Saeidi A, Ahmadian M, Gharahcholo L, Naghavi N, Fazelzadeh M, Mahjoub S, Myers S, Williams A. The combination of exercise training and Zataria multiflora supplementation increase serum irisin levels in postmenopausal women. Integr Med Res 2018; 7:44-52. [PMID: 29629290 PMCID: PMC5884011 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We examined the effect of antioxidant supplementation and exercise on irisin within postmenopausal women. Methods Forty-eight participants (age: 55.7 ± 4.9 years; weight: 68.0 ± 6.3 kg; BMI 27.0 ± 2.7; mean ± SD) were randomized into four groups for the eight week intervention: control group (CG; n = 12), resistance training group (RTG; n = 12), supplementation with Zataria multiflora group (ZG; n = 12), or supplementation with Z. multiflora and resistance training group (ZRTG; n = 12). RTG and ZRTG performed circuit resistance training, and both ZG and ZRTG consumed 500 mg of Z. multiflora every day during the intervention. Blood samples were taken 48 hours before and after the intervention. Results There was a significant difference in irisin at post-training, with greater levels in ZRTG compared to CG. A significant increase was noted for irisin at post-training compared to pre-training for ZG, RTG, and ZRTG. Moreover, we identified a significant decrease in malondialdehyde in the RTG and ZRTG groups and increase in glutathione in the ZG, RTG, and ZRTG groups when compared to CG. Conclusion These findings showed that exercise, Z. multiflora supplementation or their combination led to an increase in irisin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbass Ghanbari-Niaki
- Exercise Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Ayoub Saeidi
- Exercise Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ahmadian
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran
| | - Leila Gharahcholo
- Exercise Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Fazelzadeh
- Exercise Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Birjand University, Birjand, South Khorasan, Iran
| | - Soleiman Mahjoub
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Based Health Products Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences. Babol, Iran
| | - Stephen Myers
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
| | - Andrew Williams
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
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Gargallo P, Colado JC, Juesas A, Hernando-Espinilla A, Estañ-Capell N, Monzó-Beltran L, García-Pérez P, Cauli O, Sáez GT. The Effect of Moderate- Versus High-Intensity Resistance Training on Systemic Redox State and DNA Damage in Healthy Older Women. Biol Res Nurs 2018; 20:205-217. [DOI: 10.1177/1099800417753877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated effects of a 16-week progressive resistance training program (RTP) with elastic bands at two different intensities on systemic redox state, DNA damage, and physical function in healthy older women. Methods: Participants were randomly assigned to the high-intensity group (HIGH; n = 39), moderate-intensity group (MOD; n = 31), or control group (CG; n = 23). The exercise groups performed an RTP twice a week with three to four sets of 6 (HIGH) or 15 (MOD) repetitions of six overall body exercises at a perceived exertion rate of 8–9 on the OMNI-Resistance Exercise Scale for use with elastic bands. Thiol redox state was determined by reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and GSSG/GSH in blood mononuclear cells. Degree of DNA damage was assessed by presence of the oxidized DNA base molecule 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in urine. Physical function monitoring was based on the arm curl, chair stand, up and go, and 6-min walk tests. Results: The HIGH group showed a significant increase in 8-OHdG (+71.07%, effect size [ES] = 1.12) and a significant decrease in GSH (−10.91, ES = −0.69), while the MOD group showed a significant decrease in 8-OHdG levels (−25.66%, ES = −0.69) with no changes in thiol redox state. GSH levels differed significantly between the HIGH and CG groups posttest. The exercise groups showed significant improvements in physical function with no differences between groups. Conclusion: RTP at a moderate rather than high intensity may be a better strategy to reduce DNA damage in healthy older women while also increasing independence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Gargallo
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan C. Colado
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alavaro Juesas
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amaya Hernando-Espinilla
- Service of Clinical Analysis, University Hospital Dr. Peset–FISABIO, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nuria Estañ-Capell
- Service of Clinical Analysis, University Hospital Dr. Peset–FISABIO, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lidia Monzó-Beltran
- Oxidative Pathology Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine–INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Paula García-Pérez
- Oxidative Pathology Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine–INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Omar Cauli
- Nursing Department, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Guillermo T. Sáez
- Service of Clinical Analysis, University Hospital Dr. Peset–FISABIO, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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20
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Effects of resistance training on oxidative stress-related biomarkers in metabolic diseases: a review. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-017-0402-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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He F, Li J, Liu Z, Chuang CC, Yang W, Zuo L. Redox Mechanism of Reactive Oxygen Species in Exercise. Front Physiol 2016; 7:486. [PMID: 27872595 PMCID: PMC5097959 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that regular exercise can benefit health by enhancing antioxidant defenses in the body. However, unaccustomed and/or exhaustive exercise can generate excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress-related tissue damages and impaired muscle contractility. ROS are produced in both aerobic and anaerobic exercise. Mitochondria, NADPH oxidases and xanthine oxidases have all been identified as potential contributors to ROS production, yet the exact redox mechanisms underlying exercise-induced oxidative stress remain elusive. Interestingly, moderate exposure to ROS is necessary to induce body's adaptive responses such as the activation of antioxidant defense mechanisms. Dietary antioxidant manipulation can also reduce ROS levels and muscle fatigue, as well as enhance exercise recovery. To elucidate the complex role of ROS in exercise, this review updates on new findings of ROS origins within skeletal muscles associated with various types of exercises such as endurance, sprint and mountain climbing. In addition, we will examine the corresponding antioxidant defense systems as well as dietary manipulation against damages caused by ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng He
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University-Chico Chico, CA, USA
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Physical Education, Anhui University Anhui, China
| | - Zewen Liu
- Affiliated Ezhou Central Hospital at Medical School of Wuhan UniversityHubei, China; Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of MedicineColumbus, OH, USA
| | - Chia-Chen Chuang
- Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of MedicineColumbus, OH, USA; Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH, USA
| | - Wenge Yang
- Department of Physical Education, China University of Geosciences Beijing, China
| | - Li Zuo
- Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of MedicineColumbus, OH, USA; Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH, USA
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Çakır-Atabek H, Özdemir F, Çolak R. Oxidative stress and antioxidant responses to progressive resistance exercise intensity in trained and untrained males. Biol Sport 2015; 32:321-8. [PMID: 26681835 PMCID: PMC4672164 DOI: 10.5604/20831862.1176302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between oxidative stress and some exercise components of resistance exercise (e.g. intensity, exercise volume) has not been clearly defined. Additionally, the oxidative stress markers may respond differently in various conditions. This study aims to determine the effects of progressive intensity of resistance exercise (RE) on oxidative stress and antioxidants in trained and untrained men, and also to investigate the possible threshold intensity required to evoke oxidative stress. RE trained (N=8) and untrained (N=8) men performed the leg extension RE at progressive intensities standardized for total volume: 1x17 reps at 50% of one-repetition maximum (1RM); 1x14 reps at 60% of 1RM; 1x12 reps at 70% of 1RM; 2x5 reps at 80% of 1RM; and 3x3 reps at 90% of 1RM. Blood samples were drawn before (PRE) and immediately after each intensity, and after 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 24 hours following the RE. Lipid-hydroperoxide (LHP) significantly increased during the test and then decreased during the recovery in both groups (p<0.05); the POST-24 h LHP level was lower than PRE-LHP. Protein carbonyl (PCO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) significantly increased (p<0.05); however, 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and glutathione (GSH) were not affected by the RE (p > 0.05). The results indicated that there was no significant training status x intensity interaction for examined variables (p > 0.05). Standardized volume of RE increased oxidative stress responses. Our study suggests that lower intensity (50%) is enough to increase LHP, whereas higher intensity (more than 80%) is required to evoke protein oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Çakır-Atabek
- Department of Coach Training, Faculty of Sports Science, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - F Özdemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - R Çolak
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Ardahan University, Ardahan, Turkey
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Azizbeigi K, Azarbayjani MA, Atashak S, Stannard SR. Effect of Moderate and High Resistance Training Intensity on Indices of Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress. Res Sports Med 2015; 23:73-87. [PMID: 25630248 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2014.975807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Azizbeigi
- Exercise Physiology Department, Faculty of Physical Education, Islamic Azad University, Sannadaj Branch, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani
- Exercise Physiology Departments, Faculty of Physical Education, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Iran
| | - Sirvan Atashak
- Exercise Physiology Departments, Faculty of Physical Education, Islamic Azad University, Mahabad Branch, Iran
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Vuković R, Blažetić S, Oršolić I, Heffer M, Vari SG, Gajdoš M, Krivošíková Z, Kramárová P, Kebis A, Has-Schön E. Impact of ovariectomy, high fat diet, and lifestyle modifications on oxidative/antioxidative status in the rat liver. Croat Med J 2014; 55:218-27. [PMID: 24891280 PMCID: PMC4049208 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2014.55.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To estimate the impact of high fat diet and estrogen deficiency on the oxidative and antioxidative status in the liver of the ovariectomized rats, as well as the ameliorating effect of physical activity or consumption of functional food containing bioactive compounds with antioxidative properties on oxidative damage in the rat liver. Methods The study was conducted from November 2012 to April 2013. Liver oxidative damage was determined by lipid peroxidation levels expressed in terms of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), while liver antioxidative status was determined by catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR) activities, and glutathione (GSH) content. Sixty-four female Wistar rats were divided into eight groups: sham operated and ovariectomized rats that received either standard diet, high fat diet, or high fat diet supplemented with cereal selenized onion biscuits or high fat diet together with introduction of physical exercise of animals. Results High fat diet significantly increased TBARS content in the liver compared to standard diet (P = 0.032, P = 0.030). Furthermore, high fat diet decreased the activities of CAT, GR, and GST, as well as the content of GSH (P < 0.050). GPx activity remained unchanged in all groups. Physical activity and consumption of cereal selenized onion biscuits showed protective effect through increased GR activity in sham operated rats (P = 0.026, P = 0.009), while in ovariectomized group CAT activity was increased (P = 0.018) in rats that received cereal selenized onion biscuits. Conclusion Feeding rats with high fat diet was accompanied by decreased antioxidative enzyme activities and increased lipid peroxidation. Bioactive compounds of cereal selenized onion biscuits showed potential to attenuate the adverse impact of high fat diet on antioxidative status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Elizabeta Has-Schön
- Elizabeta Has-Schön, Department of Biology, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, 31000 Osijek, Croatia,
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Atashak S, Peeri M, Azarbayjani MA, Stannard SR. Effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) supplementation and resistance training on some blood oxidative stress markers in obese men. J Exerc Sci Fit 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Merege Filho CAA, Alves CRR, Sepúlveda CA, Costa ADS, Lancha Junior AH, Gualano B. Influência do exercício físico na cognição: uma atualização sobre mecanismos fisiológicos. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-86922014200301930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Embora um crescente corpo de literatura corrobore o papel benéfico do exercício sobre a cognição, não há consenso sobre os mecanismos que norteiam as adaptações cerebrais agudas e crônicas ao exercício. A presente revisão narrativa tem como objetivo apresentar e discutir os mecanismos pelos quais o exercício afeta o desempenho cognitivo. Agudamente, especula-se que os efeitos do exercício sobre a resposta cognitiva sejam mediados por aumentos no fluxo sanguíneo cerebral e, por conseguinte, no aporte de nutrientes, ou por um aumento na atividade de neurotransmissores. Cronicamente, especula-se que o exercício possa promover adaptações em estruturas cerebrais e plasticidade sináptica que culminariam com melhoras cognitivas. Tais hipóteses são discutidas à luz das evidências científicas disponíveis, tanto em modelos animais quanto em humanos.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Bruno Gualano
- Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil; Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
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Fiuza-Luces C, Garatachea N, Berger NA, Lucia A. Exercise is the real polypill. Physiology (Bethesda) 2014; 28:330-58. [PMID: 23997192 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00019.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of a "polypill" is receiving growing attention to prevent cardiovascular disease. Yet similar if not overall higher benefits are achievable with regular exercise, a drug-free intervention for which our genome has been haped over evolution. Compared with drugs, exercise is available at low cost and relatively free of adverse effects. We summarize epidemiological evidence on the preventive/therapeutic benefits of exercise and on the main biological mediators involved.
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Rodrigues MFC, Stotzer US, Domingos MM, Deminice R, Shiguemoto GE, Tomaz LM, Sousa NMFD, Ferreira FC, Leite RD, Selistre-de-Araújo HS, Jordão-Júnior AA, Baldissera V, Perez SEDA. Effects of ovariectomy and resistance training on oxidative stress markers in the rat liver. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2013; 68:1247-54. [PMID: 24141842 PMCID: PMC3782731 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2013(09)12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the effects of resistance training on oxidative stress markers in the livers of ovariectomized rats. METHOD Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the following four groups (n = 8 per group): sham-operated sedentary, ovariectomized sedentary, sham-operated resistance training, and ovariectomized resistance training. During the resistance training period, the animals climbed a 1.1-m vertical ladder with weights attached to their tails; the sessions were conducted 3 times per week, with 4-9 climbs and 8-12 dynamic movements per climb. The oxidative stress was assessed by measuring the levels of reduced glutathione and oxidized glutathione, the enzymatic activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase, lipid peroxidation, vitamin E concentrations, and the gene expression of glutathione peroxidase. RESULTS The results showed significant reductions in the reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio (4.11±0.65 nmol/g tec), vitamin E concentration (55.36±11.11 nmol/g), and gene expression of glutathione peroxidase (0.49±0.16 arbitrary units) in the livers of ovariectomized rats compared with the livers of unovariectomized animals (5.71±0.71 nmol/g tec, 100.14±10.99 nmol/g, and 1.09±0.54 arbitrary units, respectively). Moreover, resistance training for 10 weeks was not able to reduce the oxidative stress in the livers of ovariectomized rats and induced negative changes in the hepatic anti-oxidative/oxidative balance. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that the resistance training program used in this study was not able to attenuate the hepatic oxidative damage caused by ovariectomy and increased the hepatic oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fernanda Cury Rodrigues
- Laboratory Exercise of Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São CarlosSP, Brazil
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Venojärvi M, Korkmaz A, Wasenius N, Manderoos S, Heinonen OJ, Lindholm H, Aunola S, Eriksson JG, Atalay M. 12 weeks' aerobic and resistance training without dietary intervention did not influence oxidative stress but aerobic training decreased atherogenic index in middle-aged men with impaired glucose regulation. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 61:127-35. [PMID: 23623841 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to determine whether 12 weeks' aerobic Nordic walking (NW) or resistance exercise training (RT) without diet-induced weight loss could decrease oxidative stress and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and MetS score in middle-aged men with impaired glucose regulation (IGR) (n=144. 54.5 ± 6.5 years). In addition, we compared effects of intervention between overweight and obese subgroups. Prevalence of MetS and AIP index decreased only in NW group and MetS score in both NW and RT groups but not in control group. The changes in AIP index correlated inversely with changes in plasma antioxidant capacity. The change in AIP index remained a significant independent predictor of the changes in MetS score after the model was adjusted for age, BMI and volume of exercise (MET h/week) in NW group. There were no changes in the other measured markers of oxidative stress and related cytokines (e.g. osteopontin and osteoprotegerin) in any of the groups. Nordic walking decreased prevalence of MetS and MetS score. Improved lipid profile remained a predictor of decreased MetS score only in NW group and it seems that Nordic walking has more beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease risks than RT training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Venojärvi
- Institute of Biomedicine, Exercise Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Llorente-Cantarero FJ, Gil-Campos M, Benitez-Sillero JDD, Muñoz-Villanueva MC, Tasset I, Pérez-Navero JL. Profile of oxidant and antioxidant activity in prepubertal children related to age, gender, exercise, and fitness. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2013; 38:421-6. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2012-0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tissue damage resulting from oxidative stress induced by a pathological condition might have more serious consequences in children than in adults. Researchers have not yet identified particular markers — alone or in combination with others — of oxidative stress, or their role in pediatric diseases. The aim of this study was to identify gender-based biomarkers for measuring oxidative stress. Oxidative biomarkers were studied in 138 healthy Spanish children (85 boys, 53 girls) 7 to 12 years of age, at the prepubertal (Tanner I) stage, independent of body mass index (BMI), age, fitness (measured by 20-m shuttle run test), and physical activity (measured by participation in an after-school exercise program). The oxidative biomarkers measured were lipid peroxidation products, total nitrites, protein carbonyls, and oxidized glutathione (GSSG). The antioxidant biomarkers measured were total glutathione (TG), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase activity. In the study population, height, weight, waist circumference, and BMI were lower in girls than in boys. For oxidative biomarkers, boys had higher levels of protein carbonyl than girls (p < 0.001). In spite of this, girls had higher levels of GSSG (p < 0.001) and TG (p = 0.001), and a lower GSH/GSSG ratio (p < 0.001) than boys. For the antioxidant response, girls had higher levels of SOD (p = 0.002) than boys. All analyses were adjusted for BMI, age, fitness, and physical activity. In conclusion, prepubertal girls had higher oxidative stress than boys, in addition to higher levels of SOD, independent of age, BMI, fitness, and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Jesus Llorente-Cantarero
- Department of Corporal Expression, Faculty of Education, University of Cordoba, Avda San Alberto Magno s/n. 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Reina Sofia, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Avda Menéndez Pidal s/n. 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Mercedes Gil-Campos
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Reina Sofia, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Avda Menéndez Pidal s/n. 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan de Dios Benitez-Sillero
- Department of Corporal Expression, Faculty of Education, University of Cordoba, Avda San Alberto Magno s/n. 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Maria Carmen Muñoz-Villanueva
- Unit of Research Methodology, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Avda Menéndez Pidal s/n 14007, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Tasset
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Córdoba, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Pérez-Navero
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Reina Sofia, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Avda Menéndez Pidal s/n. 14004 Córdoba, Spain
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Scheffer DL, Silva LA, Tromm CB, da Rosa GL, Silveira PC, de Souza CT, Latini A, Pinho RA. Impact of different resistance training protocols on muscular oxidative stress parameters. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2012; 37:1239-46. [DOI: 10.1139/h2012-115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study analyzes oxidative stress in skeletal muscle using different resisted training protocols. We hypothesize that different types of training produce different specifics. To test our hypothesis, we defined 3 resistance training protocols and investigated the respective biochemical responses in muscle. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were distributed in 4 groups: untrained (UT), muscular resistance training (RT), hypertrophy training (HT), and strength training (ST). After 12 weeks of training on alternate days, the red portion of the brachioradialis was removed and the following parameters were assessed: lactate and glycogen content, superoxide production, antioxidant enzyme content, and activities (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; GPx, glutathione peroxidase). Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), carbonyl, and thiol groups were also measured. Results showed increased superoxide production (UT = 5.348 ± 0.889; RT = 5.117 ± 0,651; HT = 8.412 ± 0.431; ST = 6.354 ± 0.552), SOD (UT = 0.078 ± 0.0163; RT = 0.101 ± 0.013; HT = 0.533 ± 0.109; ST = 0.388 ± 0.058), GPx (UT = 0.290 ± 0.023; RT = 0.348 ± 0.014; HT = 0.529 ± 0.049; ST = 0.384 ± 0.038) activities, and content of GPx (HT = 3.8 times; ST = 3.0 times) compared with the UT group. CAT activity was lower (UT = 3.966 ± 0.670; RT = 3.474 ± 0.583; HT = 2.276 ± 0.302; ST = 2.028 ± 0.471) in HT and ST groups. Oxidative damage was observed in the HT group (TBARS = 0.082 ± 0.009; carbonyl = 0.73 ± 0.053; thiol = 12.78 ± 0.917) compared with the UT group. These findings indicate that HT causes an imbalance in oxidative parameters in favor of pro-oxidants, causing oxidative stress in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora L. Scheffer
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica do Exercício, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av Universitária 1105, Bairro Universitário, 88806-000, Criciúma/SC, Brazil
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campos Universitário, Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis/SC, Brazil
| | - Luciano A. Silva
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica do Exercício, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av Universitária 1105, Bairro Universitário, 88806-000, Criciúma/SC, Brazil
| | - Camila B. Tromm
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica do Exercício, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av Universitária 1105, Bairro Universitário, 88806-000, Criciúma/SC, Brazil
| | - Guilherme L. da Rosa
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica do Exercício, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av Universitária 1105, Bairro Universitário, 88806-000, Criciúma/SC, Brazil
| | - Paulo C.L. Silveira
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campos Universitário, Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis/SC, Brazil
| | - Claudio T. de Souza
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica do Exercício, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av Universitária 1105, Bairro Universitário, 88806-000, Criciúma/SC, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Latini
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campos Universitário, Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis/SC, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A. Pinho
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica do Exercício, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av Universitária 1105, Bairro Universitário, 88806-000, Criciúma/SC, Brazil
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Llorente-Cantarero FJ, Gil-Campos M, Benitez-Sillero JD, Muñoz-Villanueva MC, Túnez I, Pérez-Navero JL. Prepubertal children with suitable fitness and physical activity present reduced risk of oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:415-20. [PMID: 22634054 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
To assess the impact of fitness status and physical activity on oxidative stress in prepubertal children, we measured selected biomarkers such as protein carbonyls (PC), lipid peroxidation products, and total nitrites, as well as the antioxidant system: total glutathione (TG), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase activity, and glutathione peroxidase. A total of 132 healthy children ages 7-12, at prepubertal stage, were classified into two groups according to their fitness level: low fitness (LF) and high fitness (HF). They were observed while engaged in an after-school exercise program, and a questionnaire was created to obtain information on their physical activity or sedentary habits. Plasma and red blood cells were obtained to analyze biomarkers. Regarding oxidative stress markers, the LF group and the sedentary group showed higher levels of TG and GSSG and a lower GSH/GSSG ratio than the HF group and the children engaged in physical activity. A negative association was found between PC and GSSG and TG and between TG and the GSH/GSSG ratio. Moreover, a negative correlation was found between GSSG and fitness, with a positive correlation with the GSH/GSSG ratio. TG, GSSG, and the GSH/GSSG ratio seem to be reliable markers of oxidative stress in healthy prepubertal children with low fitness or sedentary habits. This research contributes to the recognition that an adequate level of fitness and recreational physical activity in childhood leads to better health and oxidative status.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Llorente-Cantarero
- Department of Corporal Expression, Faculty of Education, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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Oberbach A, Blüher M, Wirth H, Till H, Kovacs P, Kullnick Y, Schlichting N, Tomm JM, Rolle-Kampczyk U, Murugaiyan J, Binder H, Dietrich A, von Bergen M. Combined proteomic and metabolomic profiling of serum reveals association of the complement system with obesity and identifies novel markers of body fat mass changes. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:4769-88. [PMID: 21823675 DOI: 10.1021/pr2005555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with multiple adverse health effects and a high risk of developing metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, there is a great need to identify circulating parameters that link changes in body fat mass with obesity. This study combines proteomic and metabolomic approaches to identify circulating molecules that discriminate healthy lean from healthy obese individuals in an exploratory study design. To correct for variations in physical activity, study participants performed a one hour exercise bout to exhaustion. Subsequently, circulating factors differing between lean and obese individuals, independent of physical activity, were identified. The DIGE approach yielded 126 differentially abundant spots representing 39 unique proteins. Differential abundance of proteins was confirmed by ELISA for antithrombin-III, clusterin, complement C3 and complement C3b, pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), serum amyloid P (SAP), and vitamin-D binding protein (VDBP). Targeted serum metabolomics of 163 metabolites identified 12 metabolites significantly related to obesity. Among those, glycine (GLY), glutamine (GLN), and glycero-phosphatidylcholine 42:0 (PCaa 42:0) serum concentrations were higher, whereas PCaa 32:0, PCaa 32:1, and PCaa 40:5 were decreased in obese compared to lean individuals. The integrated bioinformatic evaluation of proteome and metabolome data yielded an improved group separation score of 2.65 in contrast to 2.02 and 2.16 for the single-type use of proteomic or metabolomics data, respectively. The identified circulating parameters were further investigated in an extended set of 30 volunteers and in the context of two intervention studies. Those included 14 obese patients who had undergone sleeve gastrectomy and 12 patients on a hypocaloric diet. For determining the long-term adaptation process the samples were taken six months after the treatment. In multivariate regression analyses, SAP, CLU, RBP4, PEDF, GLN, and C18:2 showed the strongest correlation to changes in body fat mass. The combined serum proteomic and metabolomic profiling reveals a link between the complement system and obesity and identifies both novel (C3b, CLU, VDBP, and all metabolites) and confirms previously discovered markers (PEDF, RBP4, C3, ATIII, and SAP) of body fat mass changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Oberbach
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany
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