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Lockie RG, Orr RM, Montes F, Dawes JJ. Exploring the Impact of Firefighter Trainee Fitness on Academy Graduation or Release. J Strength Cond Res 2024; 38:999-1003. [PMID: 38489600 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Lockie, RG, Orr, RM, Montes, F, and Dawes, JJ. A research note exploring the impact of firefighter trainee fitness on academy graduation or release. J Strength Cond Res 38(5): 999-1003, 2024-This study investigated the impact of fitness test performance on firefighter trainee ability to graduate an academy using ordinal logistic generalized linear models. Retrospective analysis was conducted on trainee data ( N = 686) from one fire department who completed an occupational physical ability test (OPAT) that included the following: Illinois agility test (IAT); push-ups; pull-ups; leg tucks; maximal aerobic capacity (V̇ o2 max); backward overhead 4.54-kg medicine ball throw (BOMBT); 10-repetition maximum deadlift; and 91.44-m farmer's carry. Data were recorded in raw and scaled scores based on internal scoring (tests scored from 0 to 100; maximum total OPAT score of 800). Trainees were split into graduated ( n = 576) or released ( n = 110) groups. Data were analyzed through ordinal logistic generalized linear models ( p < 0.05). Raw and scaled scores were investigated separately, with odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI) produced. Regarding raw scores, there was a difference in the odds of graduating relative to the IAT (OR = 1.357; CI = 1.047-1.760; p = 0.021), BOMBT (OR = 0.744; CI = 0.628-0.882; p < 0.001), and V̇ o2 max (OR = 0.907; CI = 0.862-0.954; p < 0.001). For scaled scores, there was a difference in the odds of graduating relative to the points attained for the BOMBT (OR = 0.985; CI = 0.972-0.999; p = 0.032), deadlift (OR = 0.982; CI = 0.968-0.995; p = 0.008), and total OPAT (OR = 0.994; CI = 0.988-1.000; p = 0.047). Change-of-direction speed (IAT), total-body power (BOMBT), aerobic fitness (V̇ o2 max), lower-body strength (deadlift), and overall fitness (total OPAT points) impacted the odds of trainee fire academy graduation. The IAT presented as the largest impacting variable where, for every unit increase in time (i.e., a slower IAT), there was 1.36 greater chance of a trainee being released from the academy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Lockie
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, California
| | - Robin M Orr
- Tactical Research Unit, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - J Jay Dawes
- School of Kinesiology, Applied Health and Recreation, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma; and
- Tactical Fitness and Nutrition Lab, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
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Jouira G, Alexe DI, Tohănean DI, Alexe CI, Tomozei RA, Sahli S. The Relationship between Dynamic Balance, Jumping Ability, and Agility with 100 m Sprinting Performance in Athletes with Intellectual Disabilities. Sports (Basel) 2024; 12:58. [PMID: 38393278 PMCID: PMC10892889 DOI: 10.3390/sports12020058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Sprinting is a competitive event in athletics that requires a combination of speed, power, agility, and balance. This study investigated the relationship between dynamic balance, jumping ability, and agility with 100 m sprinting performance in athletes with intellectual disabilities, addressing an underexplored connection. A sample of 27 sprinters with intellectual disabilities participated in this study and completed 100 m sprint and various tests, including the Y Balance Test (YBT), the Crossover hop test, squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), and t-test to evaluate their dynamic balance, jumping ability, and agility, respectively. The findings revealed significant negative correlations between the YBT, Crossover hop test, SJ, and CMJ and 100 m sprint performance (r range: -0.41 to -0.79, p < 0.05). Regression analysis identified these variables as significant predictors (R2 = 0.69; p < 0.01). SJ exhibited the strongest association with 100 m sprint performance, (R2 = 0.62, p < 0.01). The agility t-test did not show a significant association. The combination of the YBT ANT and SJ demonstrated a predictive capability for 100 m sprint performance (R2 = 0.67, p < 0.001). In conclusion, this study revealed predictive capabilities between dynamic balance, jumping ability, and 100 m sprint performance in sprinters with intellectual disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Jouira
- Research Laboratory Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S) LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (G.J.); (S.S.)
| | - Dan Iulian Alexe
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacău, 600115 Bacău, Romania
| | - Dragoș Ioan Tohănean
- Department of Motric Performance, “Transilvania” University of Brașov, 600115 Brașov, Romania
| | - Cristina Ioana Alexe
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Performance, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacău, 600115 Bacău, Romania;
| | - Răzvan Andrei Tomozei
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Alexandru Ioan Cuza, University of Iași, 700506 Iaşi, Romania;
| | - Sonia Sahli
- Research Laboratory Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S) LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (G.J.); (S.S.)
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Hernández-Belmonte A, Buendía-Romero Á, Franco-López F, Martínez-Cava A, Pallarés JG. Adaptations in athletic performance and muscle architecture are not meaningfully conditioned by training free-weight versus machine-based exercises: Challenging a traditional assumption using the velocity-based method. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:1948-1957. [PMID: 37340878 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the superior effectiveness of free-weight over machine-based training has been a traditionally widespread assumption, longitudinal studies comparing these training modalities were scarce and heterogeneous. OBJECTIVE This research used the velocity-based method to compare the effects of free-weight and machine-based resistance training on athletic performance and muscle architecture. METHODS Thirty-four resistance-trained men participated in an 8-week resistance training program allocated into free-weight (n = 17) or machine-based (n = 17) groups. Training variables (intensity, intraset fatigue, and recovery) were identical for both groups, so they only differed in the use of a barbell or specific machines to execute the full squat, bench press, prone bench pull, and shoulder press exercises. The velocity-based method was implemented to accurately adjust the planned intensity. Analysis of covariance and effect size (ES) statistics were used to compare both training modalities on a comprehensive set of athletic and muscle architecture parameters. RESULTS No between-group differences were found for any athletic (p ≥ 0.146) and muscle architecture (p ≥ 0.184) variable. Both training modalities significantly and similarly improved vertical jump (Free-weight: ES ≥ 0.45, p ≤ 0.001; Machine-based: ES ≥ 0.41, p ≤ 0.001) and lower limb anaerobic capacity (Free-weight: ES ≥ 0.39, p ≤ 0.007; Machine-based: ES ≥ 0.31, p ≤ 0.003). Additionally, the machine-based group meaningfully enhanced upper limb anaerobic power (ES = 0.41, p = 0.021), whereas the free-weight group significantly improved the change of direction (ES = -0.54, p = 0.003) and 2/6 balance conditions analyzed (p ≤ 0.012). Changes in sprint capacity (ES ≥ -0.13, p ≥ 0.274), fascicle length, and pennation angle (ES ≤ 0.19, p ≥ 0.129) were not significant for either training modality. CONCLUSION Adaptations in athletic performance and muscle architecture would not be meaningfully influenced by the resistance modality trained.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ángel Buendía-Romero
- Human Performance and Sports Science Laboratory. Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Franco-López
- Human Performance and Sports Science Laboratory. Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Martínez-Cava
- Human Performance and Sports Science Laboratory. Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jesús G Pallarés
- Human Performance and Sports Science Laboratory. Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Lockie RG, Orr RM, Montes F, Dawes JJ. Change-of-Direction Speed in Firefighter Trainees: Fitness Relationships and Implications for Occupational Performance. J Hum Kinet 2023; 87:225-233. [PMID: 37229400 PMCID: PMC10203847 DOI: 10.5114/jhk/161545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Change-of-direction (COD) speed and ability could assist a firefighter moving about the fire ground more efficiently. There has been limited investigations of COD speed in firefighter trainees, and what measures of fitness could contribute to faster performance in a test such as the Illinois agility test (IAT), which measures longer COD speed. This study analyzed archival data from 292 trainees (262 males, 30 females). The trainees completed the following fitness tests at their training academy: IAT, push-ups, pull-ups, leg tucks, 20-m multistage fitness test to measure estimated maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max), backwards overhead 4.54-kg medicine ball throw (BOMBT), 10-repetition maximum (10RM) deadlift, and a 91.44-m farmer's carry with 2 x 18-kg kettlebells. Independent samples t-tests compared male and female trainees to determine the need to control for trainee sex in the analyses. Partial correlations, controlling for trainee sex, analyzed relationships between the IAT and fitness tests. Stepwise regression analyses controlling for trainee sex determined if any fitness test predicted the IAT. On average, male trainees outperformed females in all fitness tests (p ≤ 0.002). The IAT significantly related to all fitness tests (r = ±0.138-0.439, p ≤ 0.019), and was predicted by trainee sex, estimated VO2max, the 10RM deadlift, BOMBT, and the farmer's carry (R = 0.631; R2 = 0.398; adjusted R2 = 0.388). The results indicate the trainees who are generally fit may perform well in a range of different fitness tests, including the IAT. Nonetheless, improving muscular strength (measured by the 10RM deadlift), total-body power (BOMBT), and metabolic capacity (estimated VO2max, farmer's carry) could enhance COD speed in firefighter trainees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G. Lockie
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - Robin M. Orr
- Tactical Research Unit, Bond University, Robina, Qld, Australia
| | | | - J. Jay Dawes
- Tactical Fitness and Nutrition Lab, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
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Scinicarelli G, Offerhaus C, Feodoroff B, Froböse I, Wilke C. The Association between Multidirectional Speed Performance, Dynamic Balance and Chronological Age in Young Soccer Players. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2022; 7:jfmk7020041. [PMID: 35736012 PMCID: PMC9225006 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk7020041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to maintain a stable single-leg balance stance during a fast change of direction movement is a fundamental aspect both for improving sport-specific skills and for prevention strategies. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the associations between multidirectional speed performance (MDS), dynamic balance performance (DBP), and chronological age in young and uninjured soccer players. In addition, it was examined whether chronological age and balance can predict variance in speed performance. One-hundred forty-six young male soccer players (age range 11-19) performed the y-balance test (YBT) and the lower extremity functional test (LEFT). Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis were executed. The analyses were carried out on the further variables: for the DBP, the YBT composite score % (CS dominant leg/CS non-dominant leg) and limb symmetry index % (LSI) were used; for the MDS, the LEFT time in seconds (s) was used. Findings revealed LEFT scores to have a significant association with chronological age (p = 0.000), CS dominant (p = 0.019) and LSI (p = 0.044) of the YBT. In addition, CS dominant and chronological age explained the variance of the LEFT by 44%, regardless of LSI. To conclude, MDS revealed a strong association with DBP of the dominant side but a small association with LSI. In addition, a small association was found between quick LEFT times and older players. Finally, MDS variance can be predicted from DBP of the dominant side and chronological age in young soccer players. The tests used in this study could be useful screening tools for the detection of performance deficits, the implementation of prevention training programs, and the optimization of selection strategies in soccer academies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giordano Scinicarelli
- Institute of Movement Therapy and Movement-Oriented Prevention and Rehabilitation Sciences, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany; (B.F.); (I.F.); (C.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-221-4982-8576
| | - Christoph Offerhaus
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Traumatology, Witten/Herdecke University, Sana Medical Centre, 50933 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Boris Feodoroff
- Institute of Movement Therapy and Movement-Oriented Prevention and Rehabilitation Sciences, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany; (B.F.); (I.F.); (C.W.)
| | - Ingo Froböse
- Institute of Movement Therapy and Movement-Oriented Prevention and Rehabilitation Sciences, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany; (B.F.); (I.F.); (C.W.)
| | - Christiane Wilke
- Institute of Movement Therapy and Movement-Oriented Prevention and Rehabilitation Sciences, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany; (B.F.); (I.F.); (C.W.)
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Barrera-Domínguez FJ, Almagro BJ, Tornero-Quiñones I, Sáez-Padilla J, Sierra-Robles Á, Molina-López J. Decisive Factors for a Greater Performance in the Change of Direction and Its Angulation in Male Basketball Players. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186598. [PMID: 32927841 PMCID: PMC7558167 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A study was made to initially evaluate whether the age category directly could influence anthropometric measurements, functional movement tests, linear sprint (30 m) and strength. Moreover, and as the main purpose, this study aimed to examine the relationship between the time execution and angles in different changes of direction (COD) test with the analyzed sport performance variables. A total sample of 23 basketball players (age: 17.5 ± 2.42 years; height: 184.6 ± 6.68 cm; body weight: 78.09 ± 11.9 kg). Between-groups’ comparison explored the differences between basketball categories (Junior, n = 12; Senior, n = 11). The COD variables were divided by the time execution into low responders (LR) and high responders (HR) to establish comparisons between groups related to COD time execution. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to establish correlations between different CODs and sport performance variables. The results showed a greater influence of age category upon COD performance, especially when the cutting angle was sharper (7.05% [Confidence limits (CL) 90%: 2.33; 11.99]; Quantitative chances (QC) 0/2/98), in which athletes need greater application of strength. Moreover, the sharper the angle or the larger the number of cuts made, the greater the relationship with the vertical force–velocity profile (−42.39 [CL 90%: −57.37; −22.16]; QC 100/0/0%). Thus, the usefulness of the f–v profile to implement training programs that optimize the f–v imbalance and the improvement of the COD performance in basketball players is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Barrera-Domínguez
- Faculty of Education, Psychology and Sport Sciences, University of Huelva, Avda. Tres de Marzo, s/n, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (F.J.B.-D.); (B.J.A.); (I.T.-Q.); (J.S.-P.); (Á.S.-R.)
| | - Bartolomé J. Almagro
- Faculty of Education, Psychology and Sport Sciences, University of Huelva, Avda. Tres de Marzo, s/n, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (F.J.B.-D.); (B.J.A.); (I.T.-Q.); (J.S.-P.); (Á.S.-R.)
| | - Inmaculada Tornero-Quiñones
- Faculty of Education, Psychology and Sport Sciences, University of Huelva, Avda. Tres de Marzo, s/n, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (F.J.B.-D.); (B.J.A.); (I.T.-Q.); (J.S.-P.); (Á.S.-R.)
| | - Jesús Sáez-Padilla
- Faculty of Education, Psychology and Sport Sciences, University of Huelva, Avda. Tres de Marzo, s/n, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (F.J.B.-D.); (B.J.A.); (I.T.-Q.); (J.S.-P.); (Á.S.-R.)
| | - Ángela Sierra-Robles
- Faculty of Education, Psychology and Sport Sciences, University of Huelva, Avda. Tres de Marzo, s/n, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (F.J.B.-D.); (B.J.A.); (I.T.-Q.); (J.S.-P.); (Á.S.-R.)
| | - Jorge Molina-López
- Faculty of Education, Psychology and Sport Sciences, University of Huelva, Avda. Tres de Marzo, s/n, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (F.J.B.-D.); (B.J.A.); (I.T.-Q.); (J.S.-P.); (Á.S.-R.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Biomedical Research Centre, Health Sciences Technological Park, University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence:
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San-Antolín M, Rodríguez-Sanz D, Vicente-Campos D, Palomo-López P, Romero-Morales C, Benito-de-Pedro M, López-López D, Calvo-Lobo C. Fear Avoidance Beliefs and Kinesiophobia Are Presented in Athletes who Suffer from Gastrocnemius Chronic Myofascial Pain. PAIN MEDICINE 2020; 21:1626-1635. [PMID: 32003802 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnz362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare and predict kinesiophobia and fear avoidance beliefs between athletes with gastrocnemius myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) and healthy athletes. DESIGN Case-control. SETTING Outpatient clinic. SUBJECTS Fifty athletes were divided into athletes with chronic gastrocnemius MPS (N = 25) and healthy athletes (N = 25). METHODS Kinesiophobia symptoms total and domain scores (harm and activity avoidance) and levels were determined by the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK-11). Fear avoidance beliefs total and domain scores (physical and working activities) were measured by the Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ). RESULTS Significant differences (P < 0.05) with a large effect size (d = 0.81-4.22) were found between both groups, with greater kinesiophobia symptom scores for the TSK-11 activity avoidance domain and total scores, and greater fear avoidance beliefs scores for the FABQ physical and working activities domains and total scores of athletes with gastrocnemius MPS with respect to healthy athletes. TSK-11 total score showed a prediction model (R2 = 0.256) based on the FABQ total score. The FABQ total score showed a prediction model (R2 = 0.741) based on gastrocnemius MPS presence (R2 = 0.665), levels of kinesiophobia (R2 = 0.052), and height (R2 = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS Greater kinesiophobia levels, greater total and activity avoidance domain scores (but not for the harm domain), and greater fear avoidance beliefs total and domain scores (work and physical activity) were shown for athletes with gastrocnemius MPS vs healthy athletes. Higher kinesiophobia symptoms were predicted by greater fear avoidance beliefs in athletes. Greater fear avoidance beliefs were predicted by the presence of gastrocnemius MPS, higher levels of kinesiophobia, and lower height in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta San-Antolín
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa, de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Rodríguez-Sanz
- Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Davinia Vicente-Campos
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Romero-Morales
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa, de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Benito-de-Pedro
- Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel López-López
- Research, Health and Podiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, Universidade da Coruña, Spain
| | - César Calvo-Lobo
- Research, Health and Podiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, Universidade da Coruña, Spain
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Premelč J, Vučković G, James N, Dimitriou L. A Retrospective Investigation on Age and Gender Differences of Injuries in DanceSport. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16214164. [PMID: 31671715 PMCID: PMC6862276 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16214164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In spite of the extensive research on incidence site and type of injury in ballet and modern dancers, limited studies on injury in DanceSport have been reported. Therefore, this study determined retrospectively (within last 12 months) incidence, severity, site and type of injury, between gender and age-class in DanceSport. Participants were 97 international sport-dancers (female, 41; male, 56). Sixty-six (69%) dancers reported 96 injuries (1.00 (range = 4)) injuries per dancer) and an injury incidence of 1.7 (range = 14) per 1000 h. Females revealed significantly higher median injury incidence (females, 2.6 (range = 14); males, 1.9 (range = 9), p < 0.05) than males. A total of 61.5% of all injuries recorded were traumatic with a significant gender difference (Wald chi-square = 11.616, df = 1, p < 0.01). Injury severity was 3 (range 240) days with an interaction effect between gender and age-class (Wald chi-square = 251.374, df = 3, p < 0.001). Meanwhile, 72.3% of the dancers reported not including sport specific exercises besides dancing. These findings show gender and age-class differences in injury incidence, type and severity. Therefore, to reduce the likelihood of injuries, the implementation of supplemental DanceSport specific exercises that also considers the gender and age-class anatomical, functional, and choreographic demand differences in the training program should be recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerneja Premelč
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Goran Vučković
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Nic James
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, Hendon, London NW4 4BT, UK.
| | - Lygeri Dimitriou
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, Hendon, London NW4 4BT, UK.
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Pardos-Mainer E, Casajús JA, Gonzalo-Skok O. Adolescent female soccer players' soccer-specific warm-up effects on performance and inter-limb asymmetries. Biol Sport 2019; 36:199-207. [PMID: 31624413 PMCID: PMC6786331 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2019.85453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
No studies have assessed whether changes in physical performance and inter-limb asymmetries (ILA) can be achieved with the FIFA 11+ prevention programme in adolescent female soccer players. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the FIFA 11+ programme compared with a standard warm-up on physical performance and ILA in adolescent female soccer players. Thirty-six adolescent female soccer players were randomly assigned to an experimental (EG; n = 19) or a control group (CG; n = 17). Unilateral/bilateral countermovement jump (CMJ), drop jump (DJ) and horizontal jump tests, two different change of direction tests, an ankle dorsiflexion test, the Y-Balance test (YBT) and inter-limb asymmetries were measured before and after 10 weeks of training. The results revealed no significant group-by-time interactions in the vast majority of variables (p>0.05). Paired t-test revealed significant improvements of the right [effect size (ES):0.56] and left (ES:0.49) CMJ, right (ES:0.74) and left (ES:0.54) DJ (ES:0.74), right (ES:1.27) and left (ES:1.26) posteromedial direction and right (ES:0.89) and left (ES:0.84) posterolateral direction in the YBT in the EG (p < 0.05). Right anterior direction in the YBT and V-cut test were significantly improved in both groups (p<0.05). For inter-limb asymmetry variables, no significant group-by-time interactions (ES:0 to 0.93) and an improvement between pre- and post-tests (ES:-0.76 to 0.49) were observed. Therefore, the FIFA 11+ programme led to improved unilateral jumping, dynamic balance and reduced lower extremity symmetries of several tests in adolescent female soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Pardos-Mainer
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of San Jorge, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Antonio Casajús
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2- (Universidad de Zaragoza - CITA), Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain
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Lockie RG, Moreno MR, Orjalo AJ, Lazar A, Liu TM, Stage AA, Birmingham-Babauta SA, Stokes JJ, Giuliano DV, Risso FG, Davis DL, Callaghan SJ. Relationships Between Height, Arm Length, and Leg Length on the Mechanics of the Conventional and High-Handle Hexagonal Bar Deadlift. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 32:3011-3019. [PMID: 29045317 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Lockie, RG, Moreno, MR, Orjalo, AJ, Lazar, A, Liu, TM, Stage, AA, Birmingham-Babauta, SA, Stokes, JJ, Giuliano, DV, Risso, FG, Davis, DL, and Callaghan, SJ. Relationships between height, arm length, and leg length on the mechanics of the conventional and high-handle hexagonal bar deadlift. J Strength Cond Res 32(11): 3011-3019, 2018-The study investigated relationships between arm length (AL) and leg length (LL) and conventional deadlift (CD) and high-handle hexagonal bar deadlift (HHBD) mechanics. Twenty-three resistance-trained subjects (14 men and 9 women) completed a 1 repetition maximum CD and HHBD. A linear position transducer was used to measure lift distance and duration; peak and mean power, velocity, and force; time to peak power and velocity; and work. Right AL and LL were measured, and AL-to-LL ratio (AL:LL) was also calculated. Spearman's correlations (ρ; p ≤ 0.05) computed relationships between anthropometry and deadlift mechanics separately for men and women. For the HHBD, greater height and LL related to greater lift distance and work (ρ = 0.54-0.68); a higher AL:LL related to time to peak power and velocity occurring sooner (ρ = -0.67 to 0.78). For the HHBD, greater height and LL related to greater lift distance and work; a higher AL:LL related to time to peak power and velocity occurring sooner in the lift (ρ = 0.54-0.77). In women, greater height, AL, and LL related to a longer CD lift distance (ρ = 0.67-0.92). For the HHBD, greater height, AL, and LL related to a longer lift distance and greater mean velocity (ρ = 0.69-0.96). There was a negative relationship between AL and lift time (ρ = -0.83), which meant longer arms resulted in a lower HHBD lift time. Arm length may have influenced women more because of the fixed dimensions of the hexagonal bar. Coaches should be cognizant of potential differences in CD and HHBD work when performed by individuals of different body sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Lockie
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA
| | - Matthew R Moreno
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA
| | - Ashley J Orjalo
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA
| | - Adrina Lazar
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, CA
| | - Tricia M Liu
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, CA
| | - Alyssa A Stage
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, CA
| | | | - John J Stokes
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, CA
| | - Dominic V Giuliano
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, CA
| | - Fabrice G Risso
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA
| | - DeShaun L Davis
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA
| | - Samuel J Callaghan
- Center for Exercise and Sport Science, School of Exercise and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
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Hammami R, Sekulic D, Selmi MA, Fadhloun M, Spasic M, Uljevic O, Chaouachi A. Maturity Status as a Determinant of the Relationships Between Conditioning Qualities and Preplanned Agility in Young Handball Athletes. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 32:2302-2313. [PMID: 30044344 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hammami, R, Sekulic, D, Selmi, MA, Fadhloun, M, Spasic, M, Uljevic, O, and Chaouachi, A. Maturity status as a determinant of the relationships between conditioning qualities and preplanned agility in young handball athletes. J Strength Cond Res 32(8): 2302-2313, 2018-Studies performed thus far have not accounted for the potential influence of maturity on determinants of preplanned agility. This study aimed to examine how determinants of preplanned agility are affected by the period of peak height velocity (PHV) regarding the anthropometrics and conditioning qualities in young handball players. The sample comprised 56 handball players (male; 12-14 years of age), allocated into 2 groups according to their biological age of maturity: Pre-PHV (N = 34) and Post-PHV (N = 22). Players were evaluated on handball-specific tests of preplanned agility (CODAT and T-HALF). Predictors included anthropometrics, sprinting, horizontal and vertical jumps, and reactive strength index (RSI). The reliability of the tests was appropriate (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.87-0.95; coefficient of variation: 4.4-5.8%). In the Pre-PHV group, 67% variance of the T-HALF accounted for horizontal countermovement jump (β: -0.83, p < 0.01), 20-m sprint (β: 0.91, p < 0.01), and body mass (β: 0.19, p = 0.02). In the Post-PHV group, 80% of the T-HALF variance was explained, with a significant influence of 20-m sprint (β: 0.52, p < 0.01), RSI (β: -0.24, p = 0.04), and standing long jump (β: -0.57, p = 0.03). In the Pre-PHV group, 45% of the CODAT variance accounted for the partial influence of body fat percentage (β: 0.44, p = 0.04) and a 20-m sprint (β: 0.74, p < 0.01). In the Post-PHV group, the predictors accounted for 79% of the CODAT variance, with a significant influence of the RSI (β: -0.26, p = 0.04) and a 10-m sprint (β: 0.87, p = 0.03). Our results reinforce the need for differential strength and conditioning programs aimed at improving the preplanned agility of young athletes who differ in maturity status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raouf Hammami
- Tunisian Research Laboratory "Sports Performance Optimization", National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Damir Sekulic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Mohamed Amin Selmi
- Tunisian Research Laboratory "Sports Performance Optimization", National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mourad Fadhloun
- Research Unit (UR17JS01), Sport Performance, Health and Society, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saîd, University of Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Miodrag Spasic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Ognjen Uljevic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Anis Chaouachi
- Tunisian Research Laboratory "Sports Performance Optimization", National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia.,Sports Performance Research Institute, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand
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12
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Trecroci A, Cavaggioni L, Lastella M, Broggi M, Perri E, Iaia FM, Alberti G. Effects of traditional balance and slackline training on physical performance and perceived enjoyment in young soccer players. Res Sports Med 2018; 26:450-461. [PMID: 29963921 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2018.1492392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 12-week balance and slackline training programs on physical performance and perceived enjoyment scale in young soccer players. Forty-one preadolescent soccer players were assigned to two experimental groups performing traditional balance (BLT) or slackline training (SLT), and a control group. Pre-post assessment encompassed Balance Error Scoring System (BESS), Star Excursion Balance test (SEBT), sprint with 90° turns (S90), and countermovement jump (CMJ). The rate of perceived enjoyment scale (PACES) was applied at the end of the experimental period. SLT and BLT improved similarly in BESS, SEBT and S90. No changes were detected in the CMJ. Regarding PACES score, SLT presented significantly higher values than BLT. Young athletes may benefit from a motivating training approach, thus, a designed program based on slackline drills should be preferable to improve physical performance in terms of balance and change of direction ability in preadolescent soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athos Trecroci
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Luca Cavaggioni
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Michele Lastella
- b Appleton Institute for Behavioural Science, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences , Central Queensland University , Adelaide , SA , Australia
| | - Marco Broggi
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Enrico Perri
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - F Marcello Iaia
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Giampietro Alberti
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
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13
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Armstrong R, Greig M. The Functional Movement Screen and modified Star Excursion Balance Test as predictors of T-test agility performance in university rugby union and netball players. Phys Ther Sport 2018. [PMID: 29518691 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Agility is a functional requirement of many sports, challenging stability, and commonly cited as a mechanism of injury. The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) and modified Star Excursion Balance Test (mSEBT) have equivocally been associated with agility performance. The aim of the current study was to establish a hierarchical ordering of FMS and mSEBT elements in predicting T-test agility performance. DESIGN Cross-sectional study design. SETTING University. PARTICIPANTS Thirty-two female rugby players, 31 male rugby players and 39 female netballers MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: FMS, mSEBT, T-test performance. RESULTS The predictive potential of composite FMS and mSEBT scores were weaker than when discrete elements were considered. FMS elements were better predictors of T-test performance in rugby players, whilst mSEBT elements better predicted performance in netballers. Hierarchical modelling highlighted the in-line lunge (ILL) as the primary FMS predictor, whereas mSEBT ordering was limb and sport dependent. CONCLUSIONS The relationship between musculoskeletal screening tools and agility performance was sport-specific. Discrete element scores are advocated over composite scores, and hierarchical ordering of tests might highlight redundancy in screening. The prominence of the ILL in hierarchical modelling might reflect the functional demands of the T-test. Sport-specificity and limb dominance influence hierarchical ordering of musculoskeletal screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Armstrong
- Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Sports Injuries Research Group, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire L39 4QP England, United Kingdom.
| | - Matt Greig
- Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Sports Injuries Research Group, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire L39 4QP England, United Kingdom
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14
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Are there similarities in physical fitness characteristics of successful candidates attending law enforcement training regardless of training cohort? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.17338/trainology.7.1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Guillén-Rogel P, San Emeterio C, Marín PJ. Associations between ankle dorsiflexion range of motion and foot and ankle strength in young adults. J Phys Ther Sci 2017; 29:1363-1367. [PMID: 28878463 PMCID: PMC5574351 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.29.1363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] This study assessed the relationships between the ankle dorsiflexion range of
motion and foot and ankle strength. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty-nine healthy (young
adults) volunteers participated in this study. Each participant completed tests for ankle
dorsiflexion range of motion, hallux flexor strength, and ankle plantar and dorsiflexor
strength. [Results] The results showed (1) a moderate correlation between ankle
dorsiflexor strength and dorsiflexion range of motion and (2) a moderate correlation
between ankle dorsiflexor strength and first toe flexor muscle strength. Ankle dorsiflexor
strength is the main contributor ankle dorsiflexion range of motion to and first toe
flexor muscle strength. [Conclusion] Ankle dorsiflexion range of motion can play an
important role in determining ankle dorsiflexor strength in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Guillén-Rogel
- Laboratory of Physiology, European University Miguel de Cervantes, Spain.,CYMO Research Institute, Spain
| | - Cristina San Emeterio
- Laboratory of Physiology, European University Miguel de Cervantes, Spain.,CYMO Research Institute, Spain
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16
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Between-Leg Mechanical Differences as Measured by the Bulgarian Split-Squat: Exploring Asymmetries and Relationships with Sprint Acceleration. Sports (Basel) 2017; 5:sports5030065. [PMID: 29910425 PMCID: PMC5968963 DOI: 10.3390/sports5030065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Between-leg strength differences can negatively influence sprint acceleration. The challenge is to find a method to measure this within a unilateral exercise. This study analyzed a five repetition-maximum (5RM) Bulgarian split-squat (BSS) to identify between-leg differences for the dominant and non-dominant legs in peak and mean power, force, and velocity as measured by a linear position transducer. Between-leg differences in these variables were correlated with 20-m (0–5, 0–10, 0–20 m intervals) sprint velocity. Eight men were assessed in the 5RM BSS and 20-m sprint. T-tests calculated between-leg differences in power, force, and velocity. Spearman’s correlations calculated relationships between the between-leg differences in the mechanical variables with velocity over each interval. When comparing the dominant and non-dominant legs, there were significant (p = 0.002–0.056) differences in 11 of 12 variables. However, percentage differences were low (~0.3–12%). There was one large, non-significant correlation (best repetition mean force between-leg difference and 0–5 m velocity; ρ = −0.810) out of 36 relationships. The BSS can provide a profile of between-leg differences in power, force, and velocity. There were limited relationships between the BSS between-leg differences and 20-m sprint velocities. Smaller between-leg differences in BSS power, force, and velocity could ensure minimal impact on acceleration.
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17
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Chaalali A, Rouissi M, Chtara M, Owen A, Bragazzi NL, Moalla W, Chaouachi A, Amri M, Chamari K. Agility training in young elite soccer players: promising results compared to change of direction drills. Biol Sport 2016; 33:345-351. [PMID: 28090138 PMCID: PMC5143769 DOI: 10.5604/20831862.1217924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the effect of two different training programmes – change of direction (COD) vs. agility (AG) – on straight sprint (SS), COD and AG test performances in young elite soccer players. Thirty-two soccer players (age: 14.5±0.9 years; height: 171.2±5.1 cm; body mass: 56.4±7.1 kg, body fat: 10.3±2.3%) participated in a short-term (6 weeks) training study. Players were randomly assigned to two experimental groups – training with change of direction drills (COD-G, n=11) or using agility training (AG-G, n= 11) – and to a control group (CON-G, n=10). All players completed the following tests before and after training: straight sprint (15m SS), 15 m agility run with (15m-AR-B) and without a ball (15m-AR), 5-0-5 agility test, reactive agility test (RAT), and RAT test with ball (RAT-B). A significant group effect was observed for all tests (p<0.001; η2=large). In 15m SS, COD-G and AG-G improved significantly (2.21; ES=0.57 and 2.18%; ES=0.89 respectively) more than CON-G (0.59%; ES=0.14). In the 15m-AR and 5-0-5 agility test, COD-G improved significantly more (5.41%; ES=1.15 and 3.41; ES=0.55 respectively) than AG-G (3.65%; ES=1.05 and 2.24; ES=0.35 respectively) and CON-G (1.62%; ES=0.96 and 0.97; ES=0.19 respectively). Improvements in RAT and RAT-B were larger (9.37%; ES=2.28 and 7.73%; ES=2.99 respectively) in RAT-G than the other groups. In conclusion, agility performance amongst young elite soccer could be improved using COD training. Nevertheless, including a conditioning programme for agility may allow a high level of athletic performance to be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chaalali
- Tunisian Research Laboratory "Sport Performance Optimization", National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports Tunis, Tunisia
| | - M Rouissi
- Tunisian Research Laboratory "Sport Performance Optimization", National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports Tunis, Tunisia
| | - M Chtara
- Tunisian Research Laboratory "Sport Performance Optimization", National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports Tunis, Tunisia
| | - A Owen
- Servette Centre for Football Research (SCFR), Servette Football Club, Geneva, Switzerland; Centre de Recherche et d'Innovation sur le Sport, Université Claude Bernard Lyon.1, Lyon, France
| | - N L Bragazzi
- School of Public Health, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa 16132, Italy
| | - W Moalla
- High Institute of Sports Sciences, UR EM2S-ISSEPS, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - A Chaouachi
- Tunisian Research Laboratory "Sport Performance Optimization", National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports Tunis, Tunisia
| | - M Amri
- Laboratory of Functional Neurophysiology and Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis (FST),University of El Manar, Tunisia; These two authors contributed equally to this work
| | - K Chamari
- Athlete Health and Performance Aspetar, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar; These two authors contributed equally to this work
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18
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Lockie RG, Callaghan SJ, Jordan CA, Luczo TM, Jeffriess MD, Jalilvand F, Schultz AB. Certain Actions from the Functional Movement Screen Do Not Provide an Indication of Dynamic Stability. J Hum Kinet 2015; 47:19-29. [PMID: 26557187 PMCID: PMC4633255 DOI: 10.1515/hukin-2015-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic stability is an essential physical component for team sport athletes. Certain Functional Movement Screen (FMS) exercises (deep squat; left- and right-leg hurdle step; left- and right-leg in-line lunge [ILL]; left- and right-leg active straight-leg raise; and trunk stability push-up [TSPU]) have been suggested as providing an indication of dynamic stability. No research has investigated relationships between these screens and an established test of dynamic stability such as the modified Star Excursion Balance Test (mSEBT), which measures lower-limb reach distance in posteromedial, medial, and anteromedial directions, in team sport athletes. Forty-one male and female team sport athletes completed the screens and the mSEBT. Participants were split into high-, intermediate-, and low-performing groups according to the mean of the excursions when both the left and right legs were used for the mSEBT stance. Any between-group differences in the screens and mSEBT were determined via a one-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni post hoc adjustment (p < 0.05). Data was pooled for a correlation analysis (p < 0.05). There were no between-group differences in any of the screens, and only two positive correlations between the screens and the mSEBT (TSPU and right stance leg posteromedial excursion, r = 0.37; left-leg ILL and left stance leg posteromedial excursion, r = 0.46). The mSEBT clearly indicated participants with different dynamic stability capabilities. In contrast to the mSEBT, the selected FMS exercises investigated in this study have a limited capacity to identify dynamic stability in team sport athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Lockie
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, USA
| | - Samuel J Callaghan
- School of Exercise and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Corrin A Jordan
- Exercise and Sport Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, Australia
| | - Tawni M Luczo
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University of Monterey Bay, Seaside, USA
| | | | - Farzad Jalilvand
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, USA
| | - Adrian B Schultz
- Exercise and Sport Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, Australia
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