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Kumar NTA, Radnor JM, Oliver JL, Lloyd RS, Pedley JS, Wong MA, Dobbs IJ. The Influence of Maturity Status on Drop Jump Kinetics in Male Youth. J Strength Cond Res 2024; 38:38-46. [PMID: 38085620 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Kumar, NTA, Radnor, JM, Oliver, JL, Lloyd, RS, CSCSD, Pedley, JS, Wong, MA, and Dobbs, IJ. The influence of maturity status on drop jump kinetics in male youth. J Strength Cond Res 38(1): 38-46, 2024-The aim of this study was to examine the effects of maturity status on drop jump (DJ) kinetics in young male athletes (categorized as early-pre-peak height velocity [PHV] [<-2.51 years], late-pre-PHV [-1.99 to -1.00 years], circa-PHV [-0.50 to 0.50 years], and post-PHV [>1.00 years]). All athletes performed a DJ from a 30-cm box onto force plates with performance variables (jump height, ground contact time, and reactive strength index) and absolute and relative kinetic variables during the braking and propulsive phases assessed. Subjects were categorized into GOOD (no impact-peak and spring-like), MODERATE (impact-peak and spring-like), or POOR (impact-peak and not spring-like) stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) function. The post-PHV group exhibited significantly greater values for most absolute kinetic variables compared with early-pre-PHV, late-pre-PHV, and circa-PHV (p < 0.05). The differences observed between consecutive maturity groups were similar in magnitude for most absolute variables (Cohen's d = 0.53-1.70). Post-PHV male athletes outperform their less mature counterparts during a DJ, and this may be attributed to the growth and maturity-related structural and motor control strategy changes that occur in children. Stretch-shortening cycle function in boys seems to improve with maturity status reflected by a greater number of post-PHV participants displaying GOOD SSC function (65.8%) and a greater number of early-pre-PHV participants displaying POOR SSC function (54.4%). However, a number of mature boys displayed POOR SSC function (17.8%), suggesting that the development of SSC function is not exclusively related to maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakul T A Kumar
- Youth Physical Development Center, Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - John M Radnor
- Youth Physical Development Center, Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jon L Oliver
- Youth Physical Development Center, Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Sport Performance Research Institute, New Zealand (SPRINZ), AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand; and
| | - Rhodri S Lloyd
- Youth Physical Development Center, Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Sport Performance Research Institute, New Zealand (SPRINZ), AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand; and
- Centre for Sport Science and Human Performance, Waikato Institute of Technology, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Jason S Pedley
- Youth Physical Development Center, Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Megan A Wong
- Youth Physical Development Center, Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Ian J Dobbs
- Youth Physical Development Center, Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Claudino JG, Cronin J, Mezêncio B, McMaster DT, McGuigan M, Tricoli V, Amadio AC, Serrão JC. The countermovement jump to monitor neuromuscular status: A meta-analysis. J Sci Med Sport 2016; 20:397-402. [PMID: 27663764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The primary objective of this meta-analysis was to compare countermovement jump (CMJ) performance in studies that reported the highest value as opposed to average value for the purposes of monitoring neuromuscular status (i.e., fatigue and supercompensation). The secondary aim was to determine the sensitivity of the dependent variables. DESIGN Systematic review with meta-analysis. METHODS The meta-analysis was conducted on the highest or average of a number of CMJ variables. Multiple literature searches were undertaken in Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify articles utilizing CMJ to monitor training status. Effect sizes (ES) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated using the mean and standard deviation of the pre- and post-testing data. The coefficient of variation (CV) with 95% CI was also calculated to assess the level of instability of each variable. Heterogeneity was assessed using a random-effects model. RESULTS 151 articles were included providing a total of 531 ESs for the meta-analyses; 85.4% of articles used highest CMJ height, 13.2% used average and 1.3% used both when reporting changes in CMJ performance. Based on the meta-analysis, average CMJ height was more sensitive than highest CMJ height in detecting CMJ fatigue and supercompensation. Furthermore, other CMJ variables such as peak power, mean power, peak velocity, peak force, mean impulse, and power were sensitive in tracking the supercompensation effects of training. CONCLUSIONS The average CMJ height was more sensitive than highest CMJ height in monitoring neuromuscular status; however, further investigation is needed to determine the sensitivity of other CMJ performance variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Gustavo Claudino
- University of São Paulo, School of Physical Education and Sport-Laboratory of Biomechanics, Brazil; Auckland University of Technology, Sport Performance Research Institute, New Zealand.
| | - John Cronin
- Auckland University of Technology, Sport Performance Research Institute, New Zealand; Edith Cowan University, School of Exercise and Health Sciences, Australia
| | - Bruno Mezêncio
- University of São Paulo, School of Physical Education and Sport-Laboratory of Biomechanics, Brazil
| | | | - Michael McGuigan
- Auckland University of Technology, Sport Performance Research Institute, New Zealand; Edith Cowan University, School of Exercise and Health Sciences, Australia
| | - Valmor Tricoli
- University of São Paulo, School of Physical Education and Sport-Laboratory of Adaptations to Strength Training, Brazil
| | - Alberto Carlos Amadio
- University of São Paulo, School of Physical Education and Sport-Laboratory of Biomechanics, Brazil
| | - Julio Cerca Serrão
- University of São Paulo, School of Physical Education and Sport-Laboratory of Biomechanics, Brazil
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