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Stewart JL, Wallace DD, Nance A, Schalkoff CA, Uhrig Castonguay BJ, Widman L, Carey MP, Golin CE. Validated HIV Knowledge Scales for Use with Adults and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. AIDS Behav 2022; 26:1695-1715. [PMID: 34729670 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-021-03521-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
HIV knowledge - the information a person possesses about HIV - is essential for the prevention and management of HIV. Therefore, the accurate measurement of HIV knowledge is important for both science and practice. This systematic review identifies extant HIV knowledge scales that have been validated with adolescent and adult populations and summarizes the state of this research. We searched seven electronic databases, which resulted in 6,525 articles. After title/abstract and full-text review, 27 studies remained and underwent qualitative review of reported scale psychometric properties. Many studies were conducted in the last decade (n = 12), reflecting advances in scientific knowledge of HIV. Five were exclusively adolescent-based studies (sample age ≤ 18). Most studies reported reliability (n = 25) or at least one form of validity (n = 21). Future studies should develop or refine HIV knowledge scales so that they reflect recent scientific developments, use rigorous psychometric testing, and target samples that include those persons at highest risk for HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Stewart
- Applied Social and Community Psychology Program, Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, 640 Poe Hall, Campus, Box 7650, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7650, USA.
| | - Deshira D Wallace
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 302 Rosenau Hall, 135 Dauer Drive, CB7440, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Abby Nance
- Applied Social and Community Psychology Program, Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, 640 Poe Hall, Campus, Box 7650, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7650, USA
| | - Christine A Schalkoff
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 302 Rosenau Hall, 135 Dauer Drive, CB7440, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Breana J Uhrig Castonguay
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 100 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Laura Widman
- Applied Social and Community Psychology Program, Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, 640 Poe Hall, Campus, Box 7650, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7650, USA
| | - Michael P Carey
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Carol E Golin
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 302 Rosenau Hall, 135 Dauer Drive, CB7440, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 100 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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Sauceda JA, Lisha NE, Dilworth SE, Johnson MO, Christopoulos KA, Wood T, Koester KA, Mathews WC, Moore RD, Napravnik S, Mayer KH, Crane HM, Fredericksen RJ, Mugavero MJ, Neilands TB. Measuring engagement in HIV care: Measurement invariance in three racial/ethnic patient groups. Health Psychol 2020; 39:622-631. [PMID: 32281823 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate a novel measure of HIV care engagement in a large sample of non-Latino White, Latino, and African American patients. The Index of Engagement in HIV care (the Index) measures the degree to which a patient feels engaged/disengaged from HIV care. However, its measurement invariance, or the degree to which observed scores can be meaningfully compared across racial/ethnic groups, has not been established. Methods: The 10-item Index is a self-report measure initially validated in the Center for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Systems cohort study. Using Center for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Systems survey data, Index scores were linked to patients' electronic medical records, which included viral load (VL) and appointment attendance data. We conducted measurement invariance analyses to test the Index's performance in the 3 racial/ethnic groups and its cross-sectional association with VL and retention in HIV care (2 primary outcomes). Results: A total of 3,127 patients completed the Index, which showed good reliability across the 3 groups (alphas >.84). Confirmatory factor analysis model fit statistics showed that the Index demonstrated configural, metric, and scalar invariance, supporting the conclusion that the Index is a single factor construct. Lastly, lower Index scores associated with a concurrent detectable VL and poor retention in HIV care for all 3 groups. Conclusion: Having demonstrated invariance, the Index scores can be used to compare engagement levels across non-Latino Whites, Latinos, and African Americans in HIV care settings. Improving HIV care retention requires tools that can accurately identify people struggling to stay engaged in HIV care, especially racial/ethnic minorities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Sauceda
- Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, Division of Prevention Science, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Nadra E Lisha
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Samantha E Dilworth
- Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, Division of Prevention Science, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Mallory O Johnson
- Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, Division of Prevention Science, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Katerina A Christopoulos
- Division of ID, HIV, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Troy Wood
- Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, Division of Prevention Science, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Kimberly A Koester
- Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, Division of Prevention Science, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | | | | | - Sonia Napravnik
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | | | | | | | | | - Torsten B Neilands
- Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, Division of Prevention Science, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
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Fleming PJ, Rosen JG, Wong VJ, Carrasco MA. Shedding light on a HIV blind spot: Factors associated with men's HIV testing in five African countries. Glob Public Health 2019; 14:1241-1251. [PMID: 30794471 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2019.1583266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Men's relatively low rates of HIV testing has been termed the 'HIV blind spot' and recently declared by UNAIDS as a top priority. This study uses data from five nationally representative Demographic and Health Surveys in Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, and Zimbabwe to explore factors associated with men's lifetime HIV testing. Between 29.3% and 34.9% of men ages 15-49 in these countries had never tested for HIV and men who held accepting attitudes towards gender-based violence, who lacked HIV knowledge, and who held stigmatising views of HIV were more likely to report never testing for HIV. Findings are interpreted, including a discussion of the possible unintended consequences of current 90-90-90 targets on men's relatively low testing rates. The results point to possible intervention opportunities to increase HIV testing among men in high-HIV prevalence settings in Eastern and Southern Africa and emphasise the importance of changing men's perceptions related to stigma and gender norms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Fleming
- a Department of Health Behavior and Health Education , University of Michigan School of Public Health , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Joseph G Rosen
- b Office of HIV/AIDS , United States Agency for International Development , Washington , DC , USA
| | - Vincent J Wong
- b Office of HIV/AIDS , United States Agency for International Development , Washington , DC , USA
| | - Maria Augusta Carrasco
- b Office of HIV/AIDS , United States Agency for International Development , Washington , DC , USA
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Janulis P, Newcomb ME, Sullivan P, Mustanski B. Evaluating HIV Knowledge Questionnaires Among Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Multi-Study Item Response Theory Analysis. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2018; 47:107-119. [PMID: 28488126 PMCID: PMC5680146 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-016-0910-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge about the transmission, prevention, and treatment of HIV remains a critical element in psychosocial models of HIV risk behavior and is commonly used as an outcome in HIV prevention interventions. However, most HIV knowledge questions have not undergone rigorous psychometric testing such as using item response theory. The current study used data from six studies of men who have sex with men (MSM; n = 3565) to (1) examine the item properties of HIV knowledge questions, (2) test for differential item functioning on commonly studied characteristics (i.e., age, race/ethnicity, and HIV risk behavior), (3) select items with the optimal item characteristics, and (4) leverage this combined dataset to examine the potential moderating effect of age on the relationship between condomless anal sex (CAS) and HIV knowledge. Findings indicated that existing questions tend to poorly differentiate those with higher levels of HIV knowledge, but items were relatively robust across diverse individuals. Furthermore, age moderated the relationship between CAS and HIV knowledge with older MSM having the strongest association. These findings suggest that additional items are required in order to capture a more nuanced understanding of HIV knowledge and that the association between CAS and HIV knowledge may vary by age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Janulis
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 625 N. Michigan Ave., Suite 2700, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Michael E Newcomb
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 625 N. Michigan Ave., Suite 2700, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Patrick Sullivan
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brian Mustanski
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 625 N. Michigan Ave., Suite 2700, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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