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Zhu LY, Trolio V, Miller AE, Bicaker E, Racine SE. Daily instability in body dissatisfaction in individuals with and without eating disorders. Body Image 2024; 49:101688. [PMID: 38442437 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Body dissatisfaction (BD) includes negative thoughts and feelings about one's body shape. Although typically assessed as a trait, BD has been found to fluctuate within a day. The present study examined whether daily instability in BD differs according to trait BD, eating disorder (ED) diagnosis, and engagement in maladaptive exercise. Participants with EDs (n = 166) and controls (n = 44) completed a self-report measure of trait BD and reported BD and engagement in maladaptive exercise five times daily for 14 days as part of an ecological momentary assessment protocol. BD instability was calculated as adjusted mean squared successive difference. On average across assessments, participants with EDs reported a 16% change in their BD ratings between consecutive assessments, which was significantly higher than the 12% change in controls. Trait BD was significantly inversely associated with BD instability in individuals with EDs, but not in controls. BD instability did not differ across ED diagnoses or between days with versus without maladaptive exercise. Findings suggest that BD is a dynamic state that varies within a day, especially in participants with EDs. Further research is needed to clarify whether this heightened instability in BD is a clinically relevant factor underlying ED symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Y Zhu
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Canada
| | | | | | - Ege Bicaker
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Canada
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Anderson LM, Hall LMJ, Crosby RD, Crow SJ, Berg KC, Durkin NE, Engel SG, Peterson CB. "Feeling fat," disgust, guilt, and shame: Preliminary evaluation of a mediation model of binge-eating in adults with higher-weight bodies. Body Image 2022; 42:32-42. [PMID: 35653964 PMCID: PMC10136371 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
"Feeling fat" is a subjective state that theoretically contributes to the maintenance of binge eating (BE). However, feeling fat, and its relation to BE among individuals with higher-weight bodies, has been infrequently studied. This study proposes a momentary-level model in which negative moral emotion states (disgust, guilt, shame) mediate the association between feeling fat and binge eating. In this study, 50 adults with higher-weight bodies (MBMI=40.3 ± 8.5 kg/m2; 84% female) completed a two-week ecological momentary assessment protocol, which measured experiences of feeling fat, emotion states, and binge-eating behavior. Univariate generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) evaluated the momentary associations among levels of feeling fat at Time 1, emotion states at Time 2, and binge eating at Time 2, controlling for Time 1 emotion states. GLMM results suggest that increases in each emotion from Time 1 to Time 2 mediated the association between Time 1 feeling fat and Time 2 binge eating. When modeled simultaneously within one multivariate multilevel structured equation model, disgust appeared to drive the relation between feeling fat and binge eating, over and above guilt and shame. Although preliminary, findings suggest increases in negative moral emotions, particularly disgust, mediate the feeling fat-binge eating association in adults with higher-weight bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Anderson
- University of Minnesota, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Minneapolis, MI, USA.
| | - Leah M J Hall
- Eastern Oklahoma Veterans' Affairs Health Care System, Tulsa, OH, USA
| | - Ross D Crosby
- Sanford Research, Center for Bio-behavioral Research, Fargo, ND, USA; University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Scott J Crow
- University of Minnesota, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Minneapolis, MI, USA; The Emily Program, St. Paul, MI, USA
| | - Kelly C Berg
- University of Minnesota, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Minneapolis, MI, USA
| | - Nora E Durkin
- University of Minnesota, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Minneapolis, MI, USA; Hazelden Betty Ford Foundation, Plymouth, MI, USA
| | - Scott G Engel
- Sanford Research, Center for Bio-behavioral Research, Fargo, ND, USA; University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Carol B Peterson
- University of Minnesota, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Minneapolis, MI, USA
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The Association of Embracing with Daily Mood and General Life Satisfaction: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study. JOURNAL OF NONVERBAL BEHAVIOR 2022; 46:519-536. [PMID: 35967989 PMCID: PMC9362016 DOI: 10.1007/s10919-022-00411-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Embracing has several positive health effects, such as lowering blood pressure and decreasing infection risk. However, its association with general life satisfaction and daily mood has not been researched in detail. Here, we used a smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment (EMA) approach to monitor the daily number of embraces and daily mood in a sample of 94 adults over the course of seven days. We found that embracing frequency differed slightly over the week, with embracing occurring more frequently on weekends than on weekdays. We also found that higher daily embracing frequencies were associated with better daily mood using multilevel modeling. Only singles benefitted from increases in average embracing regarding their life satisfaction, whereas individuals in a relationship were unaffected by their embracing tendencies. Although our results are strictly correlational and do not indicate any direction or causality, embraces may be important for daily mood and general life satisfaction, but their efficacy seems to depend on relationship status.
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