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Qiu S, Blank LM. Recent Advances in Yeast Recombinant Biosynthesis of the Triterpenoid Protopanaxadiol and Glycosylated Derivatives Thereof. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:2197-2210. [PMID: 36696911 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant natural products are a seemingly endless resource for novel chemical structures. However, their extraction often results in high prices, fluctuation in both quantity and quality, and negative environmental impact. The latter might result from the extraction procedure but more often from the high amount of plant biomass required. With the advent of synthetic biology, producing natural plant products in large quantities using yeasts as hosts has become possible. Here, we focus on the recent advances in metabolic engineering of the yeasts species Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Yarrowia lipolytica for the synthesis of ginsenoside triterpenoids, namely, dammarenediol-II, protopanaxadiol, protopanaxatriol, compound K, ginsenoside Rh1, ginsenoside Rh2, ginsenoside Rg3, and ginsenoside F1. A discussion is provided on advanced synthetic biology, bioprocess strategies, and current challenges for the biosynthesis of ginsenoside triterpenoids. Finally, future directions in metabolic and process engineering are summarized and may help reify sustainable ginsenoside production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangkun Qiu
- Institute of Applied Microbiology (iAMB), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars M Blank
- Institute of Applied Microbiology (iAMB), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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2
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Chen Y, Yu D, Huo J, Huang N, Zhang M, Du X. Studies on biotransformation mechanism of Fusarium sp. C39 to enhance saponin content of Paridis Rhizoma. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:992318. [PMID: 36590423 PMCID: PMC9800501 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.992318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Paridis Rhizoma is a natural medicine with strong anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities. Our previous research have found that Fusarium sp. C39, an endophytic fungus isolated from Dioscorea nipponica which contains the similar chemical components, significantly increased the steroidal saponins content of Paridis Rhizoma by fermentation. In this study, the inhibitory effects of fermentated Paridis Rhizoma extract (PRE) on liver cancer cells (Hepal-6), cervical cancer cells (Hela), and lung cancer cells (A549) were determined to be stronger than that of the unfermented extract. For discovering the fermentation mechanism of PRE with Fusarium sp. C39, 36 components with obviously quantitative variations were screened out by UPLC-Q/TOF-MS and 53 key genes involved in the metabolic pathways of steroidal saponins were identified by transcriptome. On the basis of comprehensively analyzing information from the metabonomics and transcriptome, it can be speculated that the increase of spirostanol saponins and nuatigenin-type saponins enhanced the inhibitory effect of fermented PRE on cancer cell proliferation. Under the action of glycosidase, glycosyltransferase, oxidoreductases, and genes involved in sterol synthesis, strain C39 achieved the synthesis of diosgenin and the alteration of configurations, sugar chain and substituent of steroidal saponins. The research suggested a microbial transformation approach to increase the resource utilization and activity of Paris polyphylla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Dan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jinhai Huo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Nannan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaowei Du
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China,*Correspondence: Xiaowei Du,
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3
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An C, Ma S, Shi X, Liu C, Ding H, Xue W. Diversity and Ginsenoside Biotransformation Potential of Cultivable Endophytic Fungi Associated With Panax bipinnatifidus var. bipinnatifidus in Qinling Mountains, China. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:762862. [PMID: 35444534 PMCID: PMC9014171 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.762862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To obtain novel fungi with potent β-glucosidase for minor ginsenoside production, Panax bipinnatifidus var. bipinnatifidus, which is a traditional medicinal plant containing various ginsenosides, was first employed to isolate endophytic fungi in this study. A total of 93 representative morphotype strains were isolated and identified according to ITS rDNA sequence analyses, and they were grouped into three phyla (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Mucoromycota), five classes (Dothideomycetes, Sordariomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Agaricomycetes, and Mucoromycetes), and 24 genera. Plectosphaerella (RA, 19.35%) was the most abundant genus, followed by Paraphoma (RA, 11.83%) and Fusarium (RA, 9.70%). The species richness index (S, 34) and the Shannon–Wiener index (H’, 3.004) indicated that P. bipinnatifidus harbored abundant fungal resources. A total of 26 endophytic fungal ethyl acetate extracts exhibited inhibitory activities against at least one pathogenic bacterium or fungus. In total, 11 strains showed strong β-glucosidase activities and also presented with the ability of ginsenoside biotransformation with varied glycoside-hydrolyzing pathways. Excitingly, three genera, namely, Ilyonectria, Sarocladium, and Lecanicillium, and all 11 taxa were first found to have the ability to transform ginsenosides in our study. The results indicated that P. bipinnatifidus could be a new fungi resource with potential novel natural compounds with antimicrobial activity and potent β-glucosidase for varied minor ginsenoside production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao An
- Shaanxi Institute of Microbiology, Xi'an, China.,Engineering Center of QinLing Mountains Natural Products, Shaanxi Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Saijian Ma
- Shaanxi Institute of Microbiology, Xi'an, China.,Engineering Center of QinLing Mountains Natural Products, Shaanxi Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinwei Shi
- Engineering Center of QinLing Mountains Natural Products, Shaanxi Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China.,Xi'an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province, Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Shaanxi Institute of Microbiology, Xi'an, China.,Engineering Center of QinLing Mountains Natural Products, Shaanxi Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao Ding
- Shaanxi Institute of Microbiology, Xi'an, China.,Engineering Center of QinLing Mountains Natural Products, Shaanxi Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenjiao Xue
- Shaanxi Institute of Microbiology, Xi'an, China.,Engineering Center of QinLing Mountains Natural Products, Shaanxi Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
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Chu LL, Bae H. Bacterial endophytes from ginseng and their biotechnological application. J Ginseng Res 2022; 46:1-10. [PMID: 35035239 PMCID: PMC8753428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginseng has been well-known as a medicinal plant for thousands of years. Bacterial endophytes ubiquitously colonize the inside tissues of ginseng without any disease symptoms. The identification of bacterial endophytes is conducted through either the internal transcribed spacer region combined with ribosomal sequences or metagenomics. Bacterial endophyte communities differ in their diversity and composition profile, depending on the geographical location, cultivation condition, and tissue, age, and species of ginseng. Bacterial endophytes have a significant effect on the growth of ginseng through indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and siderophore production, phosphate solubilization, and nitrogen fixation. Moreover, bacterial endophytes can protect ginseng by acting as biocontrol agents. Interestingly, bacterial endophytes isolated from Panax species have the potential to produce ginsenosides and bioactive metabolites, which can be used in the production of food and medicine. The ability of bacterial endophytes to transform major ginsenosides into minor ginsenosides using β-glucosidase is gaining increasing attention as a promising biotechnology. Recently, metabolic engineering has accelerated the possibilities for potential applications of bacterial endophytes in producing beneficial secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan Luong Chu
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Phenikaa University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
- Bioresource Research Center, Phenikaa University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Hanhong Bae
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
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Liu J, Xin Y, Qiu Z, Zhang Q, He T, Qiu Y, Wang W. Cordyceps sinensis-mediated biotransformation of notoginsenoside R1 into 25-OH-20( S/ R)-R2 with elevated cardioprotective effect against DOX-induced cell injury. RSC Adv 2022; 12:12938-12946. [PMID: 35497008 PMCID: PMC9049007 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01470j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Notoginsenoside R1 is a dammarane saponin in Panax notoginseng with promising cardioprotective effects. The bioactivity–structure relationship of such saponins suggested that the presence of a hydroxyl group at C25 could elevate its performance. To fulfill that goal, bioconversion of notoginsenoside R1 was mediated by a biocatalytic system of Cordyceps sinensis that had successfully produced multiple 25-OH derivatives from ginsenoside Re and Rg1. The major metabolic products of notoginsenoside R1 were identified as 25-OH-20(S/R)-R2 via the techniques of HRMS, 13C-NMR, 1H-NMR, HSQC and HMBC. Time-course experiments were designed to monitor the reaction process, establishing a biocatalytic pathway of “R1→20(S/R)-R2→25-OH-20(S/R)-R2”. The bioconversion rate of these 25-OH derivatives added up to 69.87% which greatly precedes the previous report. Afterwards, the effect of these biocatalytic products against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity was evaluated, indicating a significant increase in efficacy after the hydration of the C24–C25 double bond on the dammarane skeleton. In conclusion, the biocatalytic system employed in this paper is able to harvest 25-OH-20(S/R)-R2 in high yield from notoginsenoside R1, which will provide lead compounds or drug candidates to alleviate myocardial injury caused by doxorubicin. The biocatalytic system in this paper preferably yielded 25-OH notoginsenoside R2 from R1 in a regioselective manner. Such a process significantly elevated the effects of these 25-OH derivatives against DOX-induced cardiomyocyte injury.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jishuang Liu
- School of pharmaceutical sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yu Xin
- School of pharmaceutical sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhidong Qiu
- School of pharmaceutical sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of pharmaceutical sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Tianzhu He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ye Qiu
- School of pharmaceutical sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Weinan Wang
- School of pharmaceutical sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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Chitinophaga chungangae sp. nov., isolated from a Korean grape garden and its potential to biosynthesize ginsenoside Rg2. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:5483-5489. [PMID: 34417651 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02533-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A ginsenoside Rg2-producing, Gram stain-negative, aerobic, catalase and oxidase-positive, rod-shaped, non-motile and orange pigmented novel bacterium designated strain MAH-28 T was isolated from soil sample of a grape garden. Strain MAH-28 T hydrolyzed aesculin, casein and DNA. Flexirubin-type pigments are present. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain MAH-28 T formed a cluster within the genus Chitinophaga and the most close relatives were Chitinophaga alhagiae T22T (98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Chitinophaga humicola Ktm-2 T (98.8%), Chitinophaga barathri YLT18T (98.3%) and Chitinophaga lutea ZY74T (97.4%). The novel strain MAH-28 T has a draft genome size of 6,043,180 bp (14 contigs), annotated with 4,863 protein-coding genes, 53 tRNA and 6 rRNA genes. The ANI and dDDH values between strain MAH-28 T and the closely related type strains were in the range of 76.0-83.4% and 20.3-26.7%, respectively. The novel strain MAH-28 T was able to synthesize ginsenoside Rg2 from major ginsenoside Re. The genome annotation revealed 152 carbohydrate genes which may involve with the synthesis of ginsenoside Rg2. The respiratory quinone of strain MAH-28 T was MK-7 and the dominant cellular fatty acids were C15:0 iso, C16:1 ω5c and C17:0 iso 3-OH. The DNA G + C content of strain MAH-28 T was 53.3 mol%. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic studies, strain MAH-28 T represents a new member of genus Chitinophaga for which the name Chitinophaga chungangae sp. nov. is proposed with type strain MAH-28 T (= KACC 19968 T = CGMCC 1.16605 T).
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Liu YY, An JD, Wang TT, Li Y, Ding B. Hydrothermal assembly, structural diversity, and photocatalytic characterization of two polyoxometalates-based hybrid Cu II and Cu I coordination polymers with 2,6-(1,2,4-triazole-4-yl)pyridine. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2020.1813767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, MOE Key Laboratory of Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Jun-Dan An
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, MOE Key Laboratory of Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Tian-Tian Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, MOE Key Laboratory of Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yong Li
- Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Bin Ding
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, MOE Key Laboratory of Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
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Li Y, An JD, Wang TT, Wang Q, Qiao YH, Ding B. Hydrothermal syntheses of a series of copper (II), cadmium (II), and silver (I) coordination polymers with the new 3,5-bis-(triazol-1-yl)-pyridine ligand: structural diversity, anion pollutant absorption, and fluorescent properties. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2020.1810708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Jun-Dan An
- Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecule, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Tian-Tian Wang
- Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecule, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Qian Wang
- Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecule, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yan-Hong Qiao
- Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecule, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Bin Ding
- Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecule, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, PR China
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Xue Y, Yin Y, Li H, Chi M, Guo J, Cui G, Li W. Synthesis, Anti-Tumor Activity and Apoptosis-Inducing Effect of Novel Dimeric Keggin-Type Phosphotungstate. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:632838. [PMID: 33584314 PMCID: PMC7873364 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.632838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A dimeric Keggin-type phosphotungstate (ODA)10[(PW11FeO39)2O]·9H2O (abbreviated as ODA10[(PW11Fe)2], ODA = octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide) was synthesized and investigated comprehensively its antitumor activity on MCF-7 and A549 cells. The dimeric structure and amorphous morphology were characterized by FT-IR, UV-vis-DRS, SEM and XRD. The in vitro MTT assay of ODA10[(PW11Fe)2] showed anticancer activity on MCF-7 and A549 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and the IC50 values for MCF-7 and A549 cells at 48 h were 5.83 μg/ml and 3.23 μg/ml, respectively. The images of the ODA10[(PW11Fe)2]-treated cells observed by inverted biological microscope exhibited the characteristic morphology of apoptosis. Flow cytometric analysis showed cell apoptosis and cycle arrested at S phase induced by ODA10[(PW11Fe)2]. The above results illuminated the main mechanism of the antitumor action of ODA10[(PW11Fe)2] on MCF-7 and A549 cells, indicating that this dimeric phosphotungstate is a promising anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxue Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Yifei Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - He Li
- Research and Development Department, NCPC Hebei Lexin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hebei, China
| | - Mingyu Chi
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Jiaxin Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Guihua Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Wenliang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China.,Jilin Collaborative Innovation Center for Antibody Engineering, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
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Er Saw P. BIOI Virtual Academic Series PART 1: Multidisciplinary Integration in Academia. BIO INTEGRATION 2020. [DOI: 10.15212/bioi-2020-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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