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Ricci A, Rubino E, Serra GP, Wallén-Mackenzie Å. Concerning neuromodulation as treatment of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorder: Insights gained from selective targeting of the subthalamic nucleus, para-subthalamic nucleus and zona incerta in rodents. Neuropharmacology 2024; 256:110003. [PMID: 38789078 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Neuromodulation such as deep brain stimulation (DBS) is advancing as a clinical intervention in several neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, including Parkinson's disease, dystonia, tremor, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) for which DBS is already applied to alleviate severely afflicted individuals of symptoms. Tourette syndrome and drug addiction are two additional disorders for which DBS is in trial or proposed as treatment. However, some major remaining obstacles prevent this intervention from reaching its full therapeutic potential. Side-effects have been reported, and not all DBS-treated individuals are relieved of their symptoms. One major target area for DBS electrodes is the subthalamic nucleus (STN) which plays important roles in motor, affective and associative functions, with impact on for example movement, motivation, impulsivity, compulsivity, as well as both reward and aversion. The multifunctionality of the STN is complex. Decoding the anatomical-functional organization of the STN could enhance strategic targeting in human patients. The STN is located in close proximity to zona incerta (ZI) and the para-subthalamic nucleus (pSTN). Together, the STN, pSTN and ZI form a highly heterogeneous and clinically important brain area. Rodent-based experimental studies, including opto- and chemogenetics as well as viral-genetic tract tracings, provide unique insight into complex neuronal circuitries and their impact on behavior with high spatial and temporal precision. This research field has advanced tremendously over the past few years. Here, we provide an inclusive review of current literature in the pre-clinical research fields centered around STN, pSTN and ZI in laboratory mice and rats; the three highly heterogeneous and enigmatic structures brought together in the context of relevance for treatment strategies. Specific emphasis is placed on methods of manipulation and behavioral impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Ricci
- Uppsala University, Department of Organism Biology, 756 32 Uppsala, Sweden; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Eleonora Rubino
- Uppsala University, Department of Organism Biology, 756 32 Uppsala, Sweden; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Gian Pietro Serra
- Uppsala University, Department of Organism Biology, 756 32 Uppsala, Sweden; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Åsa Wallén-Mackenzie
- Uppsala University, Department of Organism Biology, 756 32 Uppsala, Sweden; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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2
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Pasquereau B, Turner RS. Neural dynamics underlying self-control in the primate subthalamic nucleus. eLife 2023; 12:e83971. [PMID: 37204300 PMCID: PMC10259453 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is hypothesized to play a central role in neural processes that regulate self-control. Still uncertain, however, is how that brain structure participates in the dynamically evolving estimation of value that underlies the ability to delay gratification and wait patiently for a gain. To address that gap in knowledge, we studied the spiking activity of neurons in the STN of monkeys during a task in which animals were required to remain motionless for varying periods of time in order to obtain food reward. At the single-neuron and population levels, we found a cost-benefit integration between the desirability of the expected reward and the imposed delay to reward delivery, with STN signals that dynamically combined both attributes of the reward to form a single integrated estimate of value. This neural encoding of subjective value evolved dynamically across the waiting period that intervened after instruction cue. Moreover, this encoding was distributed inhomogeneously along the antero-posterior axis of the STN such that the most dorso-posterior-placed neurons represented the temporal discounted value most strongly. These findings highlight the selective involvement of the dorso-posterior STN in the representation of temporally discounted rewards. The combination of rewards and time delays into an integrated representation is essential for self-control, the promotion of goal pursuit, and the willingness to bear the costs of time delays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Pasquereau
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 69675 Bron CedexBronFrance
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 VilleurbanneVilleurbanneFrance
| | - Robert S Turner
- Department of Neurobiology, Center for Neuroscience and The Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
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3
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Jia T, Wang YD, Chen J, Zhang X, Cao JL, Xiao C, Zhou C. A nigro-subthalamo-parabrachial pathway modulates pain-like behaviors. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7756. [PMID: 36522327 PMCID: PMC9755217 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35474-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The basal ganglia including the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) are involved in pain-related responses, but how they regulate pain processing remains unknown. Here, we identify a pathway, consisting of GABAergic neurons in the SNr (SNrGABA) and glutamatergic neurons in the STN (STNGlu) and the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPBGlu), that modulates acute and persistent pain states in both male and female mice. The activity of STN neurons was enhanced in acute and persistent pain states. This enhancement was accompanied by hypoactivity in SNrGABA neurons and strengthening of the STN-LPB glutamatergic projection. Reversing the dysfunction in the SNrGABA-STNGlu-LPBGlu pathway attenuated activity of LPBGlu neurons and mitigated pain-like behaviors. Therefore, the SNrGABA-STNGlu-LPBGlu pathway regulates pathological pain and is a potential target for pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jia
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory in Anesthesiology, School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004 Xuzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Ying-Di Wang
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory in Anesthesiology, School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004 Xuzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Jing Chen
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory in Anesthesiology, School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004 Xuzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Xue Zhang
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory in Anesthesiology, School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004 Xuzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Jun-Li Cao
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory in Anesthesiology, School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004 Xuzhou, Jiangsu China ,grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004 Xuzhou, Jiangsu China ,grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004 Xuzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Cheng Xiao
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory in Anesthesiology, School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004 Xuzhou, Jiangsu China ,grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004 Xuzhou, Jiangsu China ,grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004 Xuzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Chunyi Zhou
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory in Anesthesiology, School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004 Xuzhou, Jiangsu China ,grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004 Xuzhou, Jiangsu China ,grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004 Xuzhou, Jiangsu China
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4
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Das A, Goldberg JH. Songbird subthalamic neurons project to dopaminergic midbrain and exhibit singing-related activity. J Neurophysiol 2022; 127:373-383. [PMID: 34965747 PMCID: PMC8896995 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00254.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Skill learning requires motor output to be evaluated against internal performance benchmarks. In songbirds, ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons (DA) signal performance errors important for learning, but it remains unclear which brain regions project to VTA and how these inputs may contribute to DA error signaling. Here, we find that the songbird subthalamic nucleus (STN) projects to VTA and that STN microstimulation can excite VTA neurons. We also discover that STN receives inputs from motor cortical, auditory cortical, and ventral pallidal brain regions previously implicated in song evaluation. In the first neural recordings from songbird STN, we discover that the activity of most STN neurons is associated with body movements and not singing, but a small fraction of neurons exhibits precise song timing and performance error signals. Our results place the STN in a pathway important for song learning, but not song production, and expand the territories of songbird brain potentially associated with song learning.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Songbird subthalamic (STN) neurons exhibit singing-related signals and are interconnected with the motor cortical nucleus, auditory pallium, ventral pallidum, and ventral tegmental area, areas important for song generation and learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Das
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Jesse H. Goldberg
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
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5
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Piszczek L, Constantinescu A, Kargl D, Lazovic J, Pekcec A, Nicholson JR, Haubensak W. Dissociation of impulsive traits by subthalamic metabotropic glutamate receptor 4. eLife 2022; 11:62123. [PMID: 34982027 PMCID: PMC8803315 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral strategies require gating of premature responses to optimize outcomes. Several brain areas control impulsive actions, but the neuronal basis of natural variation in impulsivity between individuals remains largely unknown. Here, by combining a Go/No-Go behavioral assay with resting-state (rs) functional MRI in mice, we identified the subthalamic nucleus (STN), a known gate for motor control in the basal ganglia, as a major hotspot for trait impulsivity. In vivo recorded STN neural activity encoded impulsive action as a separable state from basic motor control, characterized by decoupled STN/substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) mesoscale networks. Optogenetic modulation of STN activity bidirectionally controlled impulsive behavior. Pharmacological and genetic manipulations showed that these impulsive actions are modulated by metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGlu4) function in STN and its coupling to SNr in a behavioral trait-dependent manner, and independently of general motor function. In conclusion, STN circuitry multiplexes motor control and trait impulsivity, which are molecularly dissociated by mGlu4. This provides a potential mechanism for the genetic modulation of impulsive behavior, a clinically relevant predictor for developing psychiatric disorders associated with impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Piszczek
- The Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Department of Neuroscience, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreea Constantinescu
- The Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Department of Neuroscience, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominic Kargl
- The Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Department of Neuroscience, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Neuronal Cell Biology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jelena Lazovic
- Preclinical Imaging Facility, Vienna BioCenter Core Facilities (VBCF), Vienna, Austria
| | - Anton Pekcec
- Div Research Germany, Boehringer Ingelheim, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Janet R Nicholson
- Div Research Germany, Boehringer Ingelheim, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Wulf Haubensak
- The Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Department of Neuroscience, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Neuronal Cell Biology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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6
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Parolari L, Schneeberger M, Heintz N, Friedman JM. Functional analysis of distinct populations of subthalamic nucleus neurons on Parkinson's disease and OCD-like behaviors in mice. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:7029-7046. [PMID: 34099874 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01162-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a component of the basal ganglia and plays a key role to control movement and limbic-associative functions. STN modulation with deep brain stimulation (DBS) improves the symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients. However, DBS does not allow for cell-type-specific modulation of the STN. While extensive work has focused on elucidating STN functionality, the understanding of the role of specific cell types is limited. Here, we first performed an anatomical characterization of molecular markers for specific STN neurons. These studies revealed that most STN neurons express Pitx2, and that different overlapping subsets express Gabrr3, Ndnf, or Nos1. Next, we used optogenetics to define their roles in regulating locomotor and limbic functions in mice. Specifically, we showed that optogenetic photoactivation of STN neurons in Pitx2-Cre mice or of the Gabrr3-expressing subpopulation induces locomotor changes, and improves locomotion in a PD mouse model. In addition, photoactivation of Pitx2 and Gabrr3 cells induced repetitive grooming, a phenotype associated with OCD. Repeated stimulation prompted a persistent increase in grooming that could be reversed by fluoxetine treatment, a first-line drug therapy for OCD. Conversely, repeated inhibition of STNGabrr3 neurons suppressed grooming in Sapap3 KO mice, a model for OCD. Finally, circuit and functional mapping of STNGabrr3 neurons showed that these effects are mediated via projections to the globus pallidus/entopeduncular nucleus and substantia nigra reticulata. Altogether, these data identify Gabrr3 neurons as a key population in mediating the beneficial effects of STN modulation thus providing potential cellular targets for PD and OCD drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Parolari
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Marc Schneeberger
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nathaniel Heintz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Jeffrey M Friedman
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
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7
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Breysse E, Meffre J, Pelloux Y, Winstanley CA, Baunez C. Decreased risk‐taking and loss‐chasing after subthalamic nucleus lesion in rats. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:2362-2375. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Breysse
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone UMR7289 CNRS & Aix‐Marseille Université Marseille France
| | - Julie Meffre
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone UMR7289 CNRS & Aix‐Marseille Université Marseille France
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives UMR7289 CNRS & Aix‐Marseille Université Marseille France
| | - Yann Pelloux
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone UMR7289 CNRS & Aix‐Marseille Université Marseille France
- IIT Genoa Italy
| | - Catharine A. Winstanley
- Department of Psychology Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain HealthUniversity of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Christelle Baunez
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone UMR7289 CNRS & Aix‐Marseille Université Marseille France
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8
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Internal States Influence the Representation and Modulation of Food Intake by Subthalamic Neurons. Neurosci Bull 2020; 36:1355-1368. [PMID: 32567027 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-020-00533-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is an effective therapy for motor deficits in Parkinson's disease (PD), but commonly causes weight gain in late-phase PD patients probably by increasing feeding motivation. It is unclear how STN neurons represent and modulate feeding behavior in different internal states. In the present study, we found that feeding caused a robust activation of STN neurons in mice (GCaMP6 signal increased by 48.4% ± 7.2%, n = 9, P = 0.0003), and the extent varied with the size, valence, and palatability of food, but not with the repetition of feeding. Interestingly, energy deprivation increased the spontaneous firing rate (8.5 ± 1.5 Hz, n = 17, versus 4.7 ± 0.7 Hz, n = 18, P = 0.03) and the depolarization-induced spikes in STN neurons, as well as enhanced the STN responses to feeding. Optogenetic experiments revealed that stimulation and inhibition of STN neurons respectively reduced (by 11% ± 6%, n = 6, P = 0.02) and enhanced (by 36% ± 15%, n = 7, P = 0.03) food intake only in the dark phase. In conclusion, our results support the hypothesis that STN neurons are activated by feeding behavior, depending on energy homeostatic status and the palatability of food, and modulation of these neurons is sufficient to regulate food intake.
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9
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Vachez Y, Carcenac C, Magnard R, Goff LK, Salin P, Savasta M, Carnicella S, Boulet S. Reply to: Letter to the Editor by Martínez‐Fernández. Mov Disord 2020; 35:1084-1085. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.28082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yvan Vachez
- Inserm U1216 Grenoble France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences Grenoble France
| | - Carole Carcenac
- Inserm U1216 Grenoble France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences Grenoble France
| | - Robin Magnard
- Inserm U1216 Grenoble France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences Grenoble France
| | - Lydia Kerkerian‐Le Goff
- Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille Marseille France
| | - Pascal Salin
- Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille Marseille France
| | - Marc Savasta
- Inserm U1216 Grenoble France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences Grenoble France
| | - Sebastien Carnicella
- Inserm U1216 Grenoble France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences Grenoble France
| | - Sabrina Boulet
- Inserm U1216 Grenoble France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences Grenoble France
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10
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Marmor O, Rappel P, Valsky D, Bick AS, Arkadir D, Linetsky E, Peled O, Tamir I, Bergman H, Israel Z, Eitan R. Movement context modulates neuronal activity in motor and limbic-associative domains of the human parkinsonian subthalamic nucleus. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 136:104716. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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11
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Vachez Y, Carcenac C, Magnard R, Kerkerian‐Le Goff L, Salin P, Savasta M, Carnicella S, Boulet S. Subthalamic Nucleus Stimulation Impairs Motivation: Implication for Apathy in Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2020; 35:616-628. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.27953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yvan Vachez
- Inserm U1216 Grenoble France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN Grenoble France
| | - Carole Carcenac
- Inserm U1216 Grenoble France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN Grenoble France
| | - Robin Magnard
- Inserm U1216 Grenoble France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN Grenoble France
| | | | | | - Marc Savasta
- Inserm U1216 Grenoble France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN Grenoble France
| | - Sebastien Carnicella
- Inserm U1216 Grenoble France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN Grenoble France
| | - Sabrina Boulet
- Inserm U1216 Grenoble France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN Grenoble France
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12
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Vitale C, Amboni M, Erro R, Picillo M, Pellecchia MT, Barone P, Trojano L, Santangelo G. Parkinson’s disease management and impulse control disorders: current state and future perspectives. Expert Rev Neurother 2019; 19:495-508. [DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2019.1620603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Vitale
- Department of Motor Sciences and Health, University “Parthenope”, Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Amboni
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Center, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Roberto Erro
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Center, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Marina Picillo
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Center, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Pellecchia
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Center, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Paolo Barone
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Center, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Luigi Trojano
- Department of Psychology, University “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
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13
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14
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Subthalamic nucleus high frequency stimulation prevents and reverses escalated cocaine use. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:2266-2276. [PMID: 29880881 PMCID: PMC8276917 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0080-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
One of the key features of addiction is the escalated drug intake. The neural mechanisms involved in the transition to addiction remain to be elucidated. Since abnormal neuronal activity within the subthalamic nucleus (STN) stands as potential general neuromarker common to impulse control spectrum deficits, as observed in obsessive-compulsive disorders, the present study recorded and manipulated STN neuronal activity during the initial transition to addiction (i.e., escalation) and post-abstinence relapse (i.e., re-escalation) in rats with extended drug access. We found that low-frequency (theta and beta bands) neuronal oscillations in the STN increase with escalation of cocaine intake and that either lesion or high-frequency stimulation prevents the escalation of cocaine intake. STN-HFS also reduces re-escalation after prolonged, but not short, protracted abstinence, suggesting that STN-HFS is an effective prevention for relapse when baseline rates of self-administration have been re-established. Thus, STN dysfunctions may represent an underlying mechanism for cocaine addiction and therefore a promising target for the treatment of addiction.
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15
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Pautrat A, Rolland M, Barthelemy M, Baunez C, Sinniger V, Piallat B, Savasta M, Overton PG, David O, Coizet V. Revealing a novel nociceptive network that links the subthalamic nucleus to pain processing. eLife 2018; 7:36607. [PMID: 30149836 PMCID: PMC6136891 DOI: 10.7554/elife.36607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain is a prevalent symptom of Parkinson's disease, and is effectively treated by deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN). However, the link between pain and the STN remains unclear. In the present work, using in vivo electrophysiology in rats, we report that STN neurons exhibit complex tonic and phasic responses to noxious stimuli. We also show that nociception is altered following lesions of the STN, and characterize the role of the superior colliculus and the parabrachial nucleus in the transmission of nociceptive information to the STN, physiologically from both structures and anatomically in the case of the parabrachial nucleus. We show that STN nociceptive responses are abnormal in a rat model of PD, suggesting their dependence on the integrity of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system. The STN-linked nociceptive network that we reveal is likely to be of considerable clinical importance in neurological diseases involving a dysfunction of the basal ganglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Pautrat
- Inserm, Grenoble, France.,Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Marta Rolland
- Inserm, Grenoble, France.,Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Margaux Barthelemy
- Inserm, Grenoble, France.,Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Christelle Baunez
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Valérie Sinniger
- Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Brigitte Piallat
- Inserm, Grenoble, France.,Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Marc Savasta
- Inserm, Grenoble, France.,Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Paul G Overton
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Olivier David
- Inserm, Grenoble, France.,Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Veronique Coizet
- Inserm, Grenoble, France.,Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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16
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Bonnevie T, Zaghloul KA. The Subthalamic Nucleus: Unravelling New Roles and Mechanisms in the Control of Action. Neuroscientist 2018; 25:48-64. [PMID: 29557710 DOI: 10.1177/1073858418763594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
How do we decide what we do? This is the essence of action control, the process of selecting the most appropriate response among multiple possible choices. Suboptimal action control can involve a failure to initiate or adapt actions, or conversely it can involve making actions impulsively. There has been an increasing focus on the specific role of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in action control. This has been fueled by the clinical relevance of this basal ganglia nucleus as a target for deep brain stimulation (DBS), primarily in Parkinson's disease but also in obsessive-compulsive disorder. The context of DBS has opened windows to study STN function in ways that link neuroscientific and clinical fields closely together, contributing to an exceptionally high level of two-way translation. In this review, we first outline the role of the STN in both motor and nonmotor action control, and then discuss how these functions might be implemented by neuronal activity in the STN. Gaining a better understanding of these topics will not only provide important insights into the neurophysiology of action control but also the pathophysiological mechanisms relevant for several brain disorders and their therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tora Bonnevie
- 1 Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.,2 Neuroclinic, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,3 Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kareem A Zaghloul
- 4 Surgical Neurology Branch, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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17
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Rossi PJ, Shute JB, Opri E, Molina R, Peden C, Castellanos O, Foote KD, Gunduz A, Okun MS. Impulsivity in Parkinson's disease is associated with altered subthalamic but not globus pallidus internus activity. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2017; 88:968-970. [PMID: 28822983 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2016-315325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A significant subset of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) suffer from impulse control disorders (ICDs). A hallmark feature of many ICDs is the pursuit of rewarding behaviours despite negative consequences. Recent evidence implicates the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and globus pallidus internus (GPi) in reward and punishment processing, and deep brain stimulation (DBS) of these structures has been associated with changes in ICD symptoms. METHODS We tested the hypothesis that in patients with PD diagnosed with ICD, neurons in the STN and GPi would be more responsive to reward-related stimuli and less responsive to loss-related stimuli. We studied a cohort of 43 patients with PD (12 with an ICD and 31 without) undergoing DBS electrode placement surgery. Patients performed a behavioural task in which their action choices were motivated by the potential for either a monetary reward or a monetary loss. During task performance, the activity of individual neurons was recorded in either the STN (n=100) or the GPi (n=100). RESULTS The presence of an ICD was associated with significantly greater proportions of reward responsive neurons (p<0.01) and significantly lower proportions of loss responsive neurons (p<0.05) in the STN, but not in the GPi. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide further evidence of STN involvement in impulsive behaviour in the PD population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Justin Rossi
- Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Jonathan B Shute
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Enrico Opri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Rene Molina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Corinna Peden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Oscar Castellanos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Kelly D Foote
- Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Aysegul Gunduz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Michael S Okun
- Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
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18
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Justin Rossi P, Peden C, Castellanos O, Foote KD, Gunduz A, Okun MS. The human subthalamic nucleus and globus pallidus internus differentially encode reward during action control. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:1952-1964. [PMID: 28130916 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The subthalamic nucleus (STN) and globus pallidus internus (GPi) have recently been shown to encode reward, but few studies have been performed in humans. We investigated STN and GPi encoding of reward and loss (i.e., valence) in humans with Parkinson's disease. To test the hypothesis that STN and GPi neurons would change their firing rate in response to reward- and loss-related stimuli, we recorded the activity of individual neurons while participants performed a behavioral task. In the task, action choices were associated with potential rewarding, punitive, or neutral outcomes. We found that STN and GPi neurons encode valence-related information during action control, but the proportion of valence-responsive neurons was greater in the STN compared to the GPi. In the STN, reward-related stimuli mobilized a greater proportion of neurons than loss-related stimuli. We also found surprising limbic overlap with the sensorimotor regions in both the STN and GPi, and this overlap was greater than has been previously reported. These findings may help to explain alterations in limbic function that have been observed following deep brain stimulation therapy of the STN and GPi. Hum Brain Mapp 38:1952-1964, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Justin Rossi
- Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Corinna Peden
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Oscar Castellanos
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Kelly D Foote
- Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Aysegul Gunduz
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Michael S Okun
- Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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19
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Abstract
The basal ganglia, a group of subcortical nuclei, play a crucial role in decision making by selecting actions and evaluating their outcomes1,2. While much is known about the function of the basal ganglia circuitry in selection1,3,4, how these nuclei contribute to outcome evaluation is less clear. Here we show that neurons in the habenula-projecting globus pallidus (GPh) are essential for evaluating action outcomes and are regulated by a specific set of inputs from the basal ganglia. We found in a classical conditioning task that individual mouse GPh neurons bidirectionally encode whether an outcome is better or worse than expected. Mimicking these evaluation signals with optogenetic inhibition or excitation is sufficient to reinforce or discourage actions in a decision making task. Moreover, cell-type-specific synaptic manipulations revealed that the inhibitory and excitatory inputs to the GPh are necessary for mice to appropriately evaluate positive and negative feedback, respectively. Finally, using rabies virus-assisted monosynaptic tracing5, we discovered that the GPh is embedded in a basal ganglia circuit wherein it receives inhibitory input from both striosomal and matrix compartments of the striatum, and excitatory input from the “limbic” regions of the subthalamic nucleus (STN). Our results provide the first direct evidence that information about the selection and evaluation of actions is channelled through distinct sets of basal ganglia circuits, with the GPh representing a key locus where information of opposing valence is integrated to determine whether action outcomes are better or worse than expected.
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20
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Schweizer N, Viereckel T, Smith-Anttila CJ, Nordenankar K, Arvidsson E, Mahmoudi S, Zampera A, Wärner Jonsson H, Bergquist J, Lévesque D, Konradsson-Geuken Å, Andersson M, Dumas S, Wallén-Mackenzie Å. Reduced Vglut2/Slc17a6 Gene Expression Levels throughout the Mouse Subthalamic Nucleus Cause Cell Loss and Structural Disorganization Followed by Increased Motor Activity and Decreased Sugar Consumption. eNeuro 2016; 3:ENEURO.0264-16.2016. [PMID: 27699212 PMCID: PMC5041164 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0264-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The subthalamic nucleus (STN) plays a central role in motor, cognitive, and affective behavior. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the STN is the most common surgical intervention for advanced Parkinson's disease (PD), and STN has lately gained attention as target for DBS in neuropsychiatric disorders, including obsessive compulsive disorder, eating disorders, and addiction. Animal studies using STN-DBS, lesioning, or inactivation of STN neurons have been used extensively alongside clinical studies to unravel the structural organization, circuitry, and function of the STN. Recent studies in rodent STN models have exposed different roles for STN neurons in reward-related functions. We have previously shown that the majority of STN neurons express the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 gene (Vglut2/Slc17a6) and that reduction of Vglut2 mRNA levels within the STN of mice [conditional knockout (cKO)] causes reduced postsynaptic activity and behavioral hyperlocomotion. The cKO mice showed less interest in fatty rewards, which motivated analysis of reward-response. The current results demonstrate decreased sugar consumption and strong rearing behavior, whereas biochemical analyses show altered dopaminergic and peptidergic activity in the striatum. The behavioral alterations were in fact correlated with opposite effects in the dorsal versus the ventral striatum. Significant cell loss and disorganization of the STN structure was identified, which likely accounts for the observed alterations. Rare genetic variants of the human VGLUT2 gene exist, and this study shows that reduced Vglut2/Slc17a6 gene expression levels exclusively within the STN of mice is sufficient to cause strong modifications in both the STN and the mesostriatal dopamine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Schweizer
- Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Thomas Viereckel
- Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Karin Nordenankar
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emma Arvidsson
- Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Souha Mahmoudi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | | | - Hanna Wärner Jonsson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Department of Chemistry, BMC - Analytical Chemistry and Neurochemistry, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel Lévesque
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | | | - Malin Andersson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
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Rossi PJ, Gunduz A, Okun MS. The Subthalamic Nucleus, Limbic Function, and Impulse Control. Neuropsychol Rev 2015; 25:398-410. [PMID: 26577509 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-015-9306-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
It has been well documented that deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) to address some of the disabling motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) can evoke unintended effects, especially on non-motor behavior. This observation has catalyzed more than a decade of research concentrated on establishing trends and identifying potential mechanisms for these non-motor effects. While many issues remain unresolved, the collective result of many research studies and clinical observations has been a general recognition of the role of the STN in mediating limbic function. In particular, the STN has been implicated in impulse control and the related construct of valence processing. A better understanding of STN involvement in these phenomena could have important implications for treating impulse control disorders (ICDs). ICDs affect up to 40% of PD patients on dopamine agonist therapy and approximately 15% of PD patients overall. ICDs have been reported to be associated with STN DBS. In this paper we will focus on impulse control and review pre-clinical, clinical, behavioral, imaging, and electrophysiological studies pertaining to the limbic function of the STN.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Justin Rossi
- Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. .,Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, HSC Box 100236, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0236, USA.
| | - Aysegul Gunduz
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michael S Okun
- Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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