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Kusumi A, Tsunoyama TA, Suzuki KGN, Fujiwara TK, Aladag A. Transient, nano-scale, liquid-like molecular assemblies coming of age. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 89:102394. [PMID: 38963953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
This review examines the dynamic mechanisms underlying cellular signaling, communication, and adhesion via transient, nano-scale, liquid-like molecular assemblies on the plasma membrane (PM). Traditional views posit that stable, solid-like molecular complexes perform these functions. However, advanced imaging reveals that many signaling and scaffolding proteins only briefly reside in these molecular complexes and that micron-scale protein assemblies on the PM, including cell adhesion structures and synapses, are likely made of archipelagoes of nanoliquid protein islands. Borrowing the concept of liquid-liquid phase separation to form micron-scale biocondensates, we propose that these nano-scale oligomers and assemblies are enabled by multiple weak but specific molecular interactions often involving intrinsically disordered regions. The signals from individual nanoliquid signaling complexes would occur as pulses. Single-molecule imaging emerges as a crucial technique for characterizing these transient nanoliquid assemblies on the PM, suggesting a shift toward a model where the fluidity of interactions underpins signal regulation and integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Kusumi
- Membrane Cooperativity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Taka A Tsunoyama
- Membrane Cooperativity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Kenichi G N Suzuki
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Takahiro K Fujiwara
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Amine Aladag
- Membrane Cooperativity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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2
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Nowacka A, Getz AM, Bessa-Neto D, Choquet D. Activity-dependent diffusion trapping of AMPA receptors as a key step for expression of early LTP. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230220. [PMID: 38853553 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the activity-dependent diffusion trapping of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs) as a crucial mechanism for the expression of early long-term potentiation (LTP), a process central to learning and memory. Despite decades of research, the precise mechanisms by which LTP induction leads to an increase in AMPAR responses at synapses have been elusive. We review the different hypotheses that have been put forward to explain the increased AMPAR responsiveness during LTP. We discuss the dynamic nature of AMPAR complexes, including their constant turnover and activity-dependent modifications that affect their synaptic accumulation. We highlight a hypothesis suggesting that AMPARs are diffusively trapped at synapses through activity-dependent interactions with protein-based binding slots in the post-synaptic density (PSD), offering a potential explanation for the increased synaptic strength during LTP. Furthermore, we outline the challenges still to be addressed before we fully understand the functional roles and molecular mechanisms of AMPAR dynamic nanoscale organization in LTP. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Long-term potentiation: 50 years on'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Nowacka
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297 , Bordeaux F-33000, France
| | - Angela M Getz
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297 , Bordeaux F-33000, France
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4 , Bordeaux F-33000, France
| | - Diogo Bessa-Neto
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297 , Bordeaux F-33000, France
| | - Daniel Choquet
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297 , Bordeaux F-33000, France
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4 , Bordeaux F-33000, France
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3
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Vaidya RM, Zhang J, Nall D, Lee Y, Chang Kim E, Ma D, Huang F, Nonaka H, Kiyonaka S, Hamachi I, Jung Chung H, Selvin PR. Nanoscale organization is changed in native, surface AMPARs by mouse brain region and tauopathy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.22.604547. [PMID: 39091751 PMCID: PMC11291066 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.22.604547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Synaptic AMPA receptors (AMPARs) on neuronal plasma membranes are correlated with learning and memory. Using a unique labeling and super-resolution imaging, we have visualized the nanoscale synaptic and extra-synaptic organization of native surface AMPARs for the first time in mouse brain slices as a function of brain region and tauopathy. We find that the fraction of surface AMPARs organized in synaptic clusters is two-times smaller in the hippocampus compared to the motor and somatosensory cortex. In 6 months old PS19 model of tauopathy, synaptic and extrasynaptic distributions are disrupted in the hippocampus but not in the cortex. Thus, this optimized super-resolution imaging tool allows us to observe synaptic deterioration at the onset of tauopathy before apparent neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit M. Vaidya
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- Dept. of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Duncan Nall
- Dept. of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Yongjae Lee
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Eung Chang Kim
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Donghan Ma
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University; West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Fang Huang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University; West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Hiroshi Nonaka
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University; 615-8510, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kiyonaka
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Nagoya University; Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Itaru Hamachi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University; 615-8510, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hee Jung Chung
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Paul R. Selvin
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Dept. of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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4
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Lopez-Ortega E, Choi JY, Hong I, Roth RH, Cudmore RH, Huganir RL. Stimulus-dependent synaptic plasticity underlies neuronal circuitry refinement in the mouse primary visual cortex. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113966. [PMID: 38507408 PMCID: PMC11210464 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Perceptual learning improves our ability to interpret sensory stimuli present in our environment through experience. Despite its importance, the underlying mechanisms that enable perceptual learning in our sensory cortices are still not fully understood. In this study, we used in vivo two-photon imaging to investigate the functional and structural changes induced by visual stimulation in the mouse primary visual cortex (V1). Our results demonstrate that repeated stimulation leads to a refinement of V1 circuitry by decreasing the number of responsive neurons while potentiating their response. At the synaptic level, we observe a reduction in the number of dendritic spines and an overall increase in spine AMPA receptor levels in the same subset of neurons. In addition, visual stimulation induces synaptic potentiation in neighboring spines within individual dendrites. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms of synaptic plasticity underlying information processing in the neocortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lopez-Ortega
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jung Yoon Choi
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ingie Hong
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Richard H Roth
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Robert H Cudmore
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Richard L Huganir
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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5
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Kim D, Park P, Li X, Wong Campos JD, Tian H, Moult EM, Grimm JB, Lavis L, Cohen AE. Mapping memories: pulse-chase labeling reveals AMPA receptor dynamics during memory formation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.26.541296. [PMID: 37292614 PMCID: PMC10246012 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.26.541296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A tool to map changes in synaptic strength during a defined time window could provide powerful insights into the mechanisms governing learning and memory. We developed a technique, Extracellular Protein Surface Labeling in Neurons (EPSILON), to map α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) insertion in vivo by pulse-chase labeling of surface AMPARs with membrane-impermeable dyes. This approach allows for single-synapse resolution maps of plasticity in genetically targeted neurons during memory formation. We investigated the relationship between synapse-level and cell-level memory encodings by mapping synaptic plasticity and cFos expression in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells upon contextual fear conditioning (CFC). We observed a strong correlation between synaptic plasticity and cFos expression, suggesting a synaptic mechanism for the association of cFos expression with memory engrams. The EPSILON technique is a useful tool for mapping synaptic plasticity and may be extended to investigate trafficking of other transmembrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pojeong Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xiuyuan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J David Wong Campos
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - He Tian
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eric M Moult
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan B Grimm
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia, USA
| | - Luke Lavis
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia, USA
| | - Adam E Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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6
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Xu YKT, Graves AR, Coste GI, Huganir RL, Bergles DE, Charles AS, Sulam J. Cross-modality supervised image restoration enables nanoscale tracking of synaptic plasticity in living mice. Nat Methods 2023; 20:935-944. [PMID: 37169928 PMCID: PMC10250193 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-023-01871-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Learning is thought to involve changes in glutamate receptors at synapses, submicron structures that mediate communication between neurons in the central nervous system. Due to their small size and high density, synapses are difficult to resolve in vivo, limiting our ability to directly relate receptor dynamics to animal behavior. Here we developed a combination of computational and biological methods to overcome these challenges. First, we trained a deep-learning image-restoration algorithm that combines the advantages of ex vivo super-resolution and in vivo imaging modalities to overcome limitations specific to each optical system. When applied to in vivo images from transgenic mice expressing fluorescently labeled glutamate receptors, this restoration algorithm super-resolved synapses, enabling the tracking of behavior-associated synaptic plasticity with high spatial resolution. This method demonstrates the capabilities of image enhancement to learn from ex vivo data and imaging techniques to improve in vivo imaging resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kang T Xu
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Austin R Graves
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Imaging Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gabrielle I Coste
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard L Huganir
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dwight E Bergles
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Adam S Charles
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Center for Imaging Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Jeremias Sulam
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Center for Imaging Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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7
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Perez-Gianmarco L, Kurt B, Kukley M. Technical approaches and challenges to study AMPA receptors in oligodendrocyte lineage cells: Past, present, and future. Glia 2023; 71:819-847. [PMID: 36453615 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Receptors for α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPARs) are ligand-gated ionotropic receptors for glutamate that is a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. AMPARs are located at postsynaptic sites of neuronal synapses where they mediate fast synaptic signaling and synaptic plasticity. Remarkably, AMPARs are also expressed by glial cells. Their expression by the oligodendrocyte (OL) lineage cells is of special interest because AMPARs mediate fast synaptic communication between neurons and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), modulate proliferation and differentiation of OPCs, and may also be involved in regulation of myelination. On the other hand, during pathological conditions, AMPARs may mediate damage of the OL lineage cells. In the present review, we focus on the technical approaches that have been used to study AMPARs in the OL lineage cells, and discuss future perspectives of AMPAR research in these glial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucila Perez-Gianmarco
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Glial Physiology, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain.,Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Begüm Kurt
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Glial Physiology, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain.,Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Maria Kukley
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Glial Physiology, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain.,Ikerbasque - Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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8
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Getz AM, Ducros M, Breillat C, Lampin-Saint-Amaux A, Daburon S, François U, Nowacka A, Fernández-Monreal M, Hosy E, Lanore F, Zieger HL, Sainlos M, Humeau Y, Choquet D. High-resolution imaging and manipulation of endogenous AMPA receptor surface mobility during synaptic plasticity and learning. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm5298. [PMID: 35895810 PMCID: PMC9328687 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm5298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of synaptic neurotransmitter receptor content is a fundamental mechanism for tuning synaptic efficacy during experience-dependent plasticity and behavioral adaptation. However, experimental approaches to track and modify receptor movements in integrated experimental systems are limited. Exploiting AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) as a model, we generated a knock-in mouse expressing the biotin acceptor peptide (AP) tag on the GluA2 extracellular N-terminal. Cell-specific introduction of biotin ligase allows the use of monovalent or tetravalent avidin variants to respectively monitor or manipulate the surface mobility of endogenous AMPAR containing biotinylated AP-GluA2 in neuronal subsets. AMPAR immobilization precluded the expression of long-term potentiation and formation of contextual fear memory, allowing target-specific control of the expression of synaptic plasticity and animal behavior. The AP tag knock-in model offers unprecedented access to resolve and control the spatiotemporal dynamics of endogenous receptors, and opens new avenues to study the molecular mechanisms of synaptic plasticity and learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M. Getz
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (IINS), UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Mathieu Ducros
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center (BIC), UAR 3420, US 4, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Christelle Breillat
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (IINS), UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Aurélie Lampin-Saint-Amaux
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (IINS), UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sophie Daburon
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (IINS), UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Urielle François
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (IINS), UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Agata Nowacka
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (IINS), UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Mónica Fernández-Monreal
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center (BIC), UAR 3420, US 4, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Eric Hosy
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (IINS), UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Frédéric Lanore
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (IINS), UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Hanna L. Zieger
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (IINS), UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Matthieu Sainlos
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (IINS), UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Yann Humeau
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (IINS), UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Daniel Choquet
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (IINS), UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center (BIC), UAR 3420, US 4, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Corresponding author.
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9
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Droogers WJ, Willems J, MacGillavry HD, de Jong APH. Duplex Labeling and Manipulation of Neuronal Proteins Using Sequential CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0056-22.2022. [PMID: 35851300 PMCID: PMC9333357 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0056-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in methods enable the labeling of individual endogenous proteins to faithfully determine their spatiotemporal distribution in cells. However, reliable multiplexing of knock-in events in neurons remains challenging because of cross talk between editing events. To overcome this, we developed conditional activation of knock-in expression (CAKE), allowing efficient, flexible, and accurate multiplex genome editing in rat neurons. To diminish cross talk, CAKE is based on sequential, recombinase-driven guide RNA (gRNA) expression to control the timing of genomic integration of each donor sequence. We show that CAKE is broadly applicable to co-label various endogenous proteins, including cytoskeletal proteins, synaptic scaffolds, ion channels and neurotransmitter receptor subunits. To take full advantage of CAKE, we resolved the nanoscale co-distribution of endogenous synaptic proteins using super-resolution microscopy, demonstrating that their co-organization depends on synapse size. Finally, we introduced inducible dimerization modules, providing acute control over synaptic receptor dynamics in living neurons. These experiments highlight the potential of CAKE to reveal new biological insight. Altogether, CAKE is a versatile method for multiplex protein labeling that enables the detection, localization, and manipulation of endogenous proteins in neurons.Significance StatementAccurate localization and manipulation of endogenous proteins is essential to unravel neuronal function. While labeling of individual proteins is achievable with existing gene editing techniques, methods to label multiple proteins in neurons are limiting. We introduce a new CRISPR/Cas9 strategy, CAKE, achieving faithful duplex protein labeling using sequential editing of genes. We use CAKE to visualize the co-localization of essential neuronal proteins, including cytoskeleton components, ion channels and synaptic scaffolds. Using super-resolution microscopy, we demonstrate that the co-organization of synaptic scaffolds and neurotransmitter receptors scales with synapse size. Finally, we acutely modulate the dynamics of synaptic receptors using labeling with inducible dimerization domains. Thus, CAKE mediates accurate duplex endogenous protein labeling and manipulation to address biological questions in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter J Droogers
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jelmer Willems
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Harold D MacGillavry
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur P H de Jong
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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10
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Wang CS, Chanaday NL, Monteggia LM, Kavalali ET. Probing the segregation of evoked and spontaneous neurotransmission via photobleaching and recovery of a fluorescent glutamate sensor. eLife 2022; 11:e76008. [PMID: 35420542 PMCID: PMC9129874 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapses maintain both action potential-evoked and spontaneous neurotransmitter release; however, organization of these two forms of release within an individual synapse remains unclear. Here, we used photobleaching properties of iGluSnFR, a fluorescent probe that detects glutamate, to investigate the subsynaptic organization of evoked and spontaneous release in primary hippocampal cultures. In nonneuronal cells and neuronal dendrites, iGluSnFR fluorescence is intensely photobleached and recovers via diffusion of nonphotobleached probes with a time constant of ~10 s. After photobleaching, while evoked iGluSnFR events could be rapidly suppressed, their recovery required several hours. In contrast, iGluSnFR responses to spontaneous release were comparatively resilient to photobleaching, unless the complete pool of iGluSnFR was activated by glutamate perfusion. This differential effect of photobleaching on different modes of neurotransmission is consistent with a subsynaptic organization where sites of evoked glutamate release are clustered and corresponding iGluSnFR probes are diffusion restricted, while spontaneous release sites are broadly spread across a synapse with readily diffusible iGluSnFR probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille S Wang
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States
| | - Natali L Chanaday
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States
| | - Lisa M Monteggia
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States
| | - Ege T Kavalali
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States
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11
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Chater TE, Goda Y. The Shaping of AMPA Receptor Surface Distribution by Neuronal Activity. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2022; 14:833782. [PMID: 35387308 PMCID: PMC8979068 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2022.833782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmission is critically dependent on the number, position, and composition of receptor proteins on the postsynaptic neuron. Of these, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptors (AMPARs) are responsible for the majority of postsynaptic depolarization at excitatory mammalian synapses following glutamate release. AMPARs are continually trafficked to and from the cell surface, and once at the surface, AMPARs laterally diffuse in and out of synaptic domains. Moreover, the subcellular distribution of AMPARs is shaped by patterns of activity, as classically demonstrated by the synaptic insertion or removal of AMPARs following the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD), respectively. Crucially, there are many subtleties in the regulation of AMPARs, and exactly how local and global synaptic activity drives the trafficking and retention of synaptic AMPARs of different subtypes continues to attract attention. Here we will review how activity can have differential effects on AMPAR distribution and trafficking along with its subunit composition and phosphorylation state, and we highlight some of the controversies and remaining questions. As the AMPAR field is extensive, to say the least, this review will focus primarily on cellular and molecular studies in the hippocampus. We apologise to authors whose work could not be cited directly owing to space limitations.
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AMPA Receptors Exist in Tunable Mobile and Immobile Synaptic Fractions In Vivo. eNeuro 2021; 8:8/4/ENEURO.0267-21.2021. [PMID: 34301746 PMCID: PMC8313140 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0267-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Highlighted Research Paper:AMPA Receptors Exist in Tunable Mobile and Immobile Synaptic Fractions In Vivo, by Haiwen Chen, Richard H. Roth, Elena Lopez-Ortega, Han L. Tan, and Richard L. Huganir.
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Graves AR, Roth RH, Tan HL, Zhu Q, Bygrave AM, Lopez-Ortega E, Hong I, Spiegel AC, Johnson RC, Vogelstein JT, Tward DJ, Miller MI, Huganir RL. Visualizing synaptic plasticity in vivo by large-scale imaging of endogenous AMPA receptors. eLife 2021; 10:66809. [PMID: 34658338 PMCID: PMC8616579 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Elucidating how synaptic molecules such as AMPA receptors mediate neuronal communication and tracking their dynamic expression during behavior is crucial to understand cognition and disease, but current technological barriers preclude large-scale exploration of molecular dynamics in vivo. We have developed a suite of innovative methodologies that break through these barriers: a new knockin mouse line with fluorescently tagged endogenous AMPA receptors, two-photon imaging of hundreds of thousands of labeled synapses in behaving mice, and computer vision-based automatic synapse detection. Using these tools, we can longitudinally track how the strength of populations of synapses changes during behavior. We used this approach to generate an unprecedentedly detailed spatiotemporal map of synapses undergoing changes in strength following sensory experience. More generally, these tools can be used as an optical probe capable of measuring functional synapse strength across entire brain areas during any behavioral paradigm, describing complex system-wide changes with molecular precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin R Graves
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States,Kavli Neuroscience Discovery InstituteBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Richard H Roth
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Han L Tan
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Qianwen Zhu
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Alexei M Bygrave
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Elena Lopez-Ortega
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Ingie Hong
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Alina C Spiegel
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States,Kavli Neuroscience Discovery InstituteBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Richard C Johnson
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Joshua T Vogelstein
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery InstituteBaltimoreUnited States,Center for Imaging Science, Johns Hopkins University School of EngineeringBaltimoreUnited States,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Daniel J Tward
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery InstituteBaltimoreUnited States,Center for Imaging Science, Johns Hopkins University School of EngineeringBaltimoreUnited States,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Michael I Miller
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery InstituteBaltimoreUnited States,Center for Imaging Science, Johns Hopkins University School of EngineeringBaltimoreUnited States,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Richard L Huganir
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States,Kavli Neuroscience Discovery InstituteBaltimoreUnited States
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