1
|
Li Y, Zhang C, Li Z, Bai F, Jing Y, Ke H, Zhang S, Yan Y, Yu Y. Nicotinamide Riboside Regulates Chemotaxis to Decrease Inflammation and Ameliorate Functional Recovery Following Spinal Cord Injury in Mice. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:1291-1307. [PMID: 38392200 PMCID: PMC10887503 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46020082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Changes in intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels have been observed in various disease states. A decrease in NAD+ levels has been noted following spinal cord injury (SCI). Nicotinamide riboside (NR) serves as the precursor of NAD+. Previous research has demonstrated the anti-inflammatory and apoptosis-reducing effects of NR supplements. However, it remains unclear whether NR exerts a similar role in mice after SCI. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of NR on these changes in a mouse model of SCI. Four groups were considered: (1) non-SCI without NR (Sham), (2) non-SCI with NR (Sham +NR), (3) SCI without NR (SCI), and (4) SCI with NR (SCI + NR). Female C57BL/6J mice aged 6-8 weeks were intraperitoneally administered with 500 mg/kg/day NR for a duration of one week. The supplementation of NR resulted in a significant elevation of NAD+ levels in the spinal cord tissue of mice after SCI. In comparison to the SCI group, NR supplementation exhibited regulatory effects on the chemotaxis/recruitment of leukocytes, leading to reduced levels of inflammatory factors such as IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-22 in the injured area. Moreover, NR supplementation notably enhanced the survival of neurons and synapses within the injured area, ultimately resulting in improved motor functions after SCI. Therefore, our research findings demonstrated that NR supplementation had inhibitory effects on leukocyte chemotaxis, anti-inflammatory effects, and could significantly improve the immune micro-environment after SCI, thereby promoting neuronal survival and ultimately enhancing the recovery of motor functions after SCI. NR supplementation showed promise as a potential clinical treatment strategy for SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing 100068, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100068, China
| | - Chunjia Zhang
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100068, China
| | - Zihan Li
- Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing 100068, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100068, China
| | - Fan Bai
- Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing 100068, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100068, China
| | - Yingli Jing
- Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing 100068, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100068, China
| | - Han Ke
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100068, China
| | - Shuangyue Zhang
- Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing 100068, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100068, China
| | - Yitong Yan
- Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing 100068, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100068, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing 100068, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100068, China
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100068, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao Y, Zhang H, Zhang Q, Tao H. Research Progress of Neutrophil-Mediated Drug Delivery Strategies for Inflammation-Related Disease. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1881. [PMID: 37514067 PMCID: PMC10384340 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
As the most abundant white blood cells in humans, neutrophils play a key role in acute and chronic inflammation, suggesting that these cells are a key component of targeted therapies for various inflammation-related diseases. Specific enzyme-responsive or specific ligand-modified polymer nanoparticles are beneficial for improving drug efficacy, reducing toxicity, and enhancing focal site retention. However, there remain significant challenges in biomedical applications of these synthetic polymer nanoparticles, mainly due to their rapid clearance by the reticuloendothelial system. In recent years, biomimetic drug delivery systems such as neutrophils acting directly as drug carriers or neutrophil-membrane-coated nanoparticles have received increasing attention due to the natural advantages of neutrophils. Thus, neutrophil-targeted, neutrophil-assisted, or neutrophil-coated nanoparticles exhibit a prolonged blood circulation time and improved accumulation at the site of inflammation. Despite recent advancements, further clinical research must be performed to evaluate neutrophil-based delivery systems for future biomedical application in the diagnosis and treatment of related inflammatory diseases. In this review, we have summarized new exciting developments and challenges in neutrophil-mediated drug delivery strategies for treating inflammation-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, 96602 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Kunming 650233, China
| | - Haigang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qixiong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Innovation Center of Advanced Pharmaceutical & Artificial Intelligence, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Hui Tao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tang H, Gu Y, Jiang L, Zheng G, Pan Z, Jiang X. The role of immune cells and associated immunological factors in the immune response to spinal cord injury. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1070540. [PMID: 36685599 PMCID: PMC9849245 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1070540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating neurological condition prevalent worldwide. Where the pathological mechanisms underlying SCI are concerned, we can distinguish between primary injury caused by initial mechanical damage and secondary injury characterized by a series of biological responses, such as vascular dysfunction, oxidative stress, neurotransmitter toxicity, lipid peroxidation, and immune-inflammatory response. Secondary injury causes further tissue loss and dysfunction, and the immune response appears to be the key molecular mechanism affecting injured tissue regeneration and functional recovery from SCI. Immune response after SCI involves the activation of different immune cells and the production of immunity-associated chemicals. With the development of new biological technologies, such as transcriptomics, the heterogeneity of immune cells and chemicals can be classified with greater precision. In this review, we focus on the current understanding of the heterogeneity of these immune components and the roles they play in SCI, including reactive astrogliosis and glial scar formation, neutrophil migration, macrophage transformation, resident microglia activation and proliferation, and the humoral immunity mediated by T and B cells. We also summarize findings from clinical trials of immunomodulatory therapies for SCI and briefly review promising therapeutic drugs currently being researched.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huaguo Tang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Yuanjie Gu
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Gang Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Central Hospital Affiliated to Shaoxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Zhuoer Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xiugui Jiang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, China,*Correspondence: Xiugui Jiang,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Van Sandt RL, Welsh CJ, Jeffery ND, Young CR, McCreedy DA, Wright GA, Boudreau CE, Levine GJ, Levine JM. Circulating neutrophil activation in dogs with naturally occurring spinal cord injury secondary to intervertebral disk herniation. Am J Vet Res 2022; 83:324-330. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.21.05.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the time course of circulating neutrophil priming and activity in dogs with spinal cord injury secondary to intervertebral disk herniation that undergo decompressive surgery.
ANIMALS
9 dogs with spinal cord injury and 9 healthy dogs (controls).
PROCEDURES
For dogs with spinal cord injury, blood samples were collected on the day of hospital admission and 3, 7, 30, and 90 days after injury and decompressive surgery. A single blood sample was collected from the control dogs. Flow cytometry analysis was performed on isolated neutrophils incubated with antibody against CD11b and nonfluorescent dihydrorhodamine 123, which was converted to fluorescent rhodamine 123 to measure oxidative burst activity.
RESULTS
Expression of CD11b was increased in dogs with spinal cord injury 3 days after injury and decompressive surgery, relative to day 7 expression. Neutrophils expressed high oxidative burst activity both 3 and 7 days after injury and decompressive surgery, compared with activity in healthy dogs.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
For dogs with spinal cord injury, high CD11b expression 3 days after injury and decompressive surgery was consistent with findings for rodents with experimentally induced spinal cord injury. However, the high oxidative burst activity 3 and 7 days after injury and decompressive surgery was not consistent with data from other species, and additional studies on inflammatory events in dogs with naturally occurring spinal cord injury are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rae L. Van Sandt
- 1Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
- 2Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - C. Jane Welsh
- 2Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Nick D. Jeffery
- 1Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Colin R. Young
- 2Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Dylan A. McCreedy
- 3Department of Biology, College of Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Gus A. Wright
- 4Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
- 5Flow Cytometry Facility, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - C. Elizabeth Boudreau
- 1Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Gwendolyn J. Levine
- 4Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Jonathan M. Levine
- 1Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
McCreedy DA, Abram CL, Hu Y, Min SW, Platt ME, Kirchhoff MA, Reid SK, Jalufka FL, Lowell CA. Spleen tyrosine kinase facilitates neutrophil activation and worsens long-term neurologic deficits after spinal cord injury. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:302. [PMID: 34952603 PMCID: PMC8705173 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02353-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal cord injury elicits widespread inflammation that can exacerbate long-term neurologic deficits. Neutrophils are the most abundant immune cell type to invade the spinal cord in the early acute phase after injury, however, their role in secondary pathogenesis and functional recovery remains unclear. We have previously shown that neutrophil functional responses during inflammation are augmented by spleen tyrosine kinase, Syk, a prominent intracellular signaling enzyme. In this study, we evaluated the contribution of Syk towards neutrophil function and long-term neurologic deficits after spinal cord injury. Methods Contusive spinal cord injury was performed at thoracic vertebra level 9 in mice with conditional deletion of Syk in neutrophils (Sykf/fMRP8-Cre). Hindlimb locomotor recovery was evaluated using an open-field test for 35 days following spinal cord injury. Long-term white matter sparing was assessed using eriochrome cyanide staining. Blood-spinal cord barrier disruption was evaluated by immunoblotting. Neutrophil infiltration, activation, effector functions, and cell death were determined by flow cytometry. Cytokine and chemokine expression in neutrophils was assessed using a gene array. Results Syk deficiency in neutrophils improved long-term functional recovery after spinal cord injury, but did not promote long-term white matter sparing. Neutrophil activation, cytokine expression, and cell death in the acutely injured spinal cord were attenuated by the genetic loss of Syk while neutrophil infiltration and effector functions were not affected. Acute blood-spinal cord barrier disruption was also unaffected by Syk deficiency in neutrophils. Conclusions Syk facilitates specific neutrophil functional responses to spinal cord injury including activation, cytokine expression, and cell death. Long-term neurologic deficits are exacerbated by Syk signaling in neutrophils independent of acute blood-spinal cord barrier disruption and long-term white matter sparing. These findings implicate Syk in pathogenic neutrophil activities that worsen long-term functional recovery after spinal cord injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan A McCreedy
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, 301 Old Main Dr, ILSB 3128, College Station, TX, 77843, USA. .,Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Immunology Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - Clare L Abram
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Immunology Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Yongmei Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Immunology Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Sun Won Min
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, 301 Old Main Dr, ILSB 3128, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Madison E Platt
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, 301 Old Main Dr, ILSB 3128, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Megan A Kirchhoff
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, 301 Old Main Dr, ILSB 3128, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Shelby K Reid
- Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Frank L Jalufka
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, 301 Old Main Dr, ILSB 3128, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Clifford A Lowell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Immunology Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
McCreedy DA, Jalufka FL, Platt ME, Min SW, Kirchhoff MA, Pritchard AL, Reid SK, Manlapaz R, Mihaly E, Butts JC, Iyer NR, Sakiyama-Elbert SE, Crone SA, McDevitt TC. Passive Clearing and 3D Lightsheet Imaging of the Intact and Injured Spinal Cord in Mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:684792. [PMID: 34408627 PMCID: PMC8366232 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.684792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The spinal cord contains a diverse array of sensory and motor circuits that are essential for normal function. Spinal cord injury (SCI) permanently disrupts neural circuits through initial mechanical damage, as well as a cascade of secondary injury events that further expand the spinal cord lesion, resulting in permanent paralysis. Tissue clearing and 3D imaging have recently emerged as promising techniques to improve our understanding of the complex neural circuitry of the spinal cord and the changes that result from damage due to SCI. However, the application of this technology for studying the intact and injured spinal cord remains limited. Here, we optimized the passive CLARITY technique (PACT) to obtain gentle and efficient clearing of the murine spinal cord without the need for specialized equipment. We demonstrate that PACT clearing enables 3D imaging of multiple fluorescent labels in the spinal cord to assess molecularly defined neuronal populations, acute inflammation, long-term tissue damage, and cell transplantation. Collectively, these procedures provide a framework for expanding the utility of tissue clearing to enhance the study of spinal cord neural circuits, as well as cellular- and tissue-level changes that occur following SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan A. McCreedy
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Frank L. Jalufka
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Madison E. Platt
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Sun Won Min
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Megan A. Kirchhoff
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Anna L. Pritchard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Shelby K. Reid
- Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, College Station, TX, United States
| | | | - Eszter Mihaly
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Nisha R. Iyer
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | | | - Steven A. Crone
- Division of Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Todd C. McDevitt
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pelisch N, Rosas Almanza J, Stehlik KE, Aperi BV, Kroner A. CCL3 contributes to secondary damage after spinal cord injury. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:362. [PMID: 33246483 PMCID: PMC7694914 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-02037-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Secondary damage after spinal cord injury (SCI) is characterized by a cascade of events including hemorrhage, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation which increase the lesion size which can influence the functional impairment. Thus, identifying specific mechanisms attributed to secondary injury is critical in minimizing tissue damage and improving neurological outcome. In this work, we are investigating the role of CCL3 (macrophage inflammatory protein 1-α, MIP-1α), a chemokine involved in the recruitment of inflammatory cells, which plays an important role in inflammatory conditions of the central and peripheral nervous system. Methods A mouse model of lower thoracic (T11) spinal cord contusion injury was used. We assessed expression levels of CCL3 and its receptors on the mRNA and protein level and analyzed changes in locomotor recovery and the inflammatory response in the injured spinal cord of wild-type and CCL3−/− mice. Results The expression of CCL3 and its receptors was increased after thoracic contusion SCI in mice. We then examined the role of CCL3 after SCI and its direct influence on the inflammatory response, locomotor recovery and lesion size using CCL3−/− mice. CCL3−/− mice showed mild but significant improvement of locomotor recovery, a smaller lesion size and reduced neuronal damage compared to wild-type controls. In addition, neutrophil numbers as well as the pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, known to play a deleterious role after SCI, were markedly reduced in the absence of CCL3. Conclusion We have identified CCL3 as a potential target to modulate the inflammatory response and secondary damage after SCI. Collectively, this study shows that CCL3 contributes to progressive tissue damage and functional impairment during secondary injury after SCI. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-020-02037-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Pelisch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.,Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, 53295, USA
| | - Jose Rosas Almanza
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.,Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, 53295, USA
| | - Kyle E Stehlik
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.,Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, 53295, USA
| | - Brandy V Aperi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.,Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, 53295, USA
| | - Antje Kroner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA. .,Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, 53295, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Altered features of monocytes in adult onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia: A clue to the pathomechanism of microglial dyshomeostasis. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 140:104867. [PMID: 32276111 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP) is an autosomal-dominant type of leukoencephalopathy caused by gene mutation of colony stimulating factor 1 receptor, which is expressed mainly on monocyte lineage cells such as monocytes in the peripheral blood and microglia in the brain. Hence, microglial dysfunction is regarded as critical in the pathogenesis of ALSP. However, functional changes in these cells have not been elucidated. In this study, we report the phenotypic and functional alterations of monocytes in four patients with ALSP. Flow cytometric analysis revealed altered expression of antigen presentation- and migration-related molecules, an inflammatory shift in cytokine production and phagocytic impairment in ALSP monocytes. We speculate that the observed altered features of monocytes are mostly shared by microglial cells, leading to the clinical history and pathological characteristics of ALSP. Our analysis of PB monocytes provides novel insights into the pathogenesis of ALSP.
Collapse
|
9
|
Jermakowicz WJ, Carballosa-Gautam MM, Vitores AA, Hentall ID. Brainstem-Evoked Transcription of Defensive Genes After Spinal Cord Injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:510. [PMID: 31803022 PMCID: PMC6877476 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The spinal cord after injury shows altered transcription in numerous genes. We tested in a pilot study whether the nucleus raphé magnus, a descending serotonergic brainstem region whose stimulation improves recovery after incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI), can influence these transcriptional changes. Rats received 2 h of low-frequency electrical stimulation in the raphé magnus 3 days after an impact contusion at segment T8. Comparison groups lacked injuries or activated stimulators or both. Immediately following stimulation, spinal cords were extracted, their RNA transcriptome sequenced, and differential gene expression quantified. Confirming many previous studies, injury primarily increased inflammatory and immune transcripts and decreased those related to lipid and cholesterol synthesis and neuronal signaling. Stimulation plus injury, contrasted with injury alone, caused significant changes in 43 transcripts (39 increases, 4 decreases), all protein-coding. Injury itself decreased only four of these 43 transcripts, all reversed by stimulation, and increased none of them. The non-specific 5-HT7 receptor antagonist pimozide reversed 25 of the 43 changes. Stimulation in intact rats principally caused decreases in transcripts related to oxidative phosphorylation, none of which were altered by stimulation in injury. Gene ontology (biological process) annotations comparing stimulation with either no stimulation or pimozide treatment in injured rats highlighted defense responses to lipopolysaccharides and microorganisms, and also erythrocyte development and oxygen transport (possibly yielding cellular oxidant detoxification). Connectivity maps of human orthologous genes generated in the CLUE database of perturbagen-response transcriptional signatures showed that drug classes whose effects in injured rats most closely resembled stimulation without pimozide include peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists and angiotensin receptor blockers, which are reportedly beneficial in SCI. Thus the initial transcriptional response of the injured spinal cord to raphé magnus stimulation is upregulation of genes that in various ways are mostly protective, some probably located in recently arrived myeloid cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walter J Jermakowicz
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Melissa M Carballosa-Gautam
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Alberto A Vitores
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Ian D Hentall
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
The changes in systemic monocytes in humans undergoing surgical decompression for degenerative cervical myelopathy may influence clinical neurological recovery. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 336:577024. [PMID: 31450156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is the most common cause of non-traumatic spinal cord injury worldwide. Surgical decompression is recommended as the preferred treatment strategy for DCM as it halts disease progression and improves neurologic symptoms. We previously demonstrated that neuroinflammation, including monocytes, plays a critical role in the pathobiology of DCM and in ischemic-reperfusion injury (IRI) following surgical decompression. Monocytes are able to enter the spinal cord and brain tissues due to damage to the blood spinal cord and blood brain barrier following injury. Studies have demonstrated that stroke patients and individuals undergoing hip replacement surgery have increased systemic levels of monocytes. Additionally, changes in the signalling responses of monocytes are associated with post-surgical recovery or with ischemic neural tissue damage. Herein, we investigated the role of systemic monocytes as a predictive biomarker for clinical recovery following decompressive surgery for DCM. FINDINGS There was a 2-fold increase in the number of monocytes in DCM patients at 24 h following decompression as compared to baseline levels, which was associated with a significant improvement in the modified Japanese Orthopedic Association scale (mJOA) at 6-months after surgery (p < .0001). In a mouse model of DCM, depleting acute monocytes reduced the non-classical (Ly6Clow) subset from circulation (p < .05) and resulted in a 1.8-fold increase in CD11b expression in the spinal cord at 5 weeks following decompression. Acute monocyte depletion was accompanied by a modest decline in long-term overground locomotion, as evidenced by significantly reduced hindlimb swing speed. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrated that decompressive surgery leads to an acute increase in peripheral monocytes in human DCM patients, which is modestly associated with clinical recovery. We anticipate that this work could contribute to the implementation of routine measurements of blood monocyte subsets, their activation state, and production of cytokines following decompressive surgery. This information could help to select perioperative anti-inflammatory treatments that can enhance the beneficial effects of decompressive surgery and reduce the incidence of post-operative complications, while avoiding a reduction in systemic monocytes.
Collapse
|
11
|
Kroner A, Rosas Almanza J. Role of microglia in spinal cord injury. Neurosci Lett 2019; 709:134370. [PMID: 31283964 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid cells are important effector cells in the injured spinal cord tissue. Microglia and monocyte-derived macrophages serve important functions in the injured spinal cord, and their distinctive roles can now be studied more efficiently with the help of reporter mice and cell specific markers that were described in recent years. Focusing on microglia, this review discusses the microglial response to injury, microglia specific effects and the interaction between microglia and other cell types in the injured spinal cord.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antje Kroner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, United States.
| | - Jose Rosas Almanza
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gley K, Murani E, Haack F, Trakooljul N, Zebunke M, Puppe B, Wimmers K, Ponsuksili S. Haplotypes of coping behavior associated QTL regions reveal distinct transcript profiles in amygdala and hippocampus. Behav Brain Res 2019; 372:112038. [PMID: 31202863 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Stress response and coping behavior in pigs are largely shaped by hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and sympatho-adrenomedullary system action. However, the dynamic interaction between amygdala and hippocampus crucially modulates the behavioral response towards significant emotional events. While this functional relationship is well documented, the molecular underpinnings still remain insufficiently understood. Our study used transcriptome profiling of porcine amygdala and hippocampus to identify molecular pathways that are differentially activated depending on the haplotype of a significantly coping behavior-associated region on pig chromosome 12 (SSC12). The pigs were classified into two groups based on the haplotype information of this QTL-region discovered in our previous genome-wide association study. Ten each of high- (HR) and low- (LR) reactive pigs (n = 20) were selected for differential gene expression analysis and weighted gene co-expression analysis with subsequent pathway analysis. Differentially expressed genes identified in the amygdala include SELL, CXCR7 and NTS, while TRAF3, PTGS2 and CFI were detected in the hippocampus indicating a role of neuroinflammation and immunological processes. Pathway analysis revealed IL-8 signaling, NF-κB signaling, glutamate and GABA metabolism, glucocorticoid receptor signaling and chemokine signaling in the amygdala and ephrin receptor signaling, as well as NF-κB signaling in the hippocampus. We discovered candidate genes in regions detected by genome-wide association study including ARRB2, ADRBK2, THRB, NEK7 and ACVR2B, which relate to dopaminergic and other monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems, neuroimmunomodulation, neuroinflammation and GABA-ergic neurotransmission. These findings provide insights into the molecular underpinning of divergent coping behavior and associated haplotypes in limbic forebrain system in pig.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Gley
- Leibniz Institute of Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Eduard Murani
- Leibniz Institute of Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Fiete Haack
- Leibniz Institute of Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Nares Trakooljul
- Leibniz Institute of Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Manuela Zebunke
- Leibniz Institute of Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genetics and Biometry, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; Leibniz Institute of Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Behavioral Physiology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Birger Puppe
- Leibniz Institute of Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Behavioral Physiology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Leibniz Institute of Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Siriluck Ponsuksili
- Leibniz Institute of Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Song YM, Qian Y, Su WQ, Liu XH, Huang JH, Gong ZT, Luo HL, Gao C, Jiang RC. Differences in pathological changes between two rat models of severe traumatic brain injury. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1796-1804. [PMID: 31169198 PMCID: PMC6585550 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.257534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The rat high-impact free weight drop model mimics the diffuse axonal injury caused by severe traumatic brain injury in humans, while severe controlled cortical impact can produce a severe traumatic brain injury model using precise strike parameters. In this study, we compare the pathological mechanisms and pathological changes between two rat severe brain injury models to identify the similarities and differences. The severe controlled cortical impact model was produced by an electronic controlled cortical impact device, while the severe free weight drop model was produced by dropping a 500 g free weight from a height of 1.8 m through a plastic tube. Body temperature and mortality were recorded, and neurological deficits were assessed with the modified neurological severity score. Brain edema and blood-brain barrier damage were evaluated by assessing brain water content and Evans blue extravasation. In addition, a cytokine array kit was used to detect inflammatory cytokines. Neuronal apoptosis in the brain and brainstem was quantified by immunofluorescence staining. Both the severe controlled cortical impact and severe free weight drop models exhibited significant neurological impairments and body temperature fluctuations. More severe motor dysfunction was observed in the severe controlled cortical impact model, while more severe cognitive dysfunction was observed in the severe free weight drop model. Brain edema, inflammatory cytokine changes and cortical neuronal apoptosis were more substantial and blood-brain barrier damage was more focal in the severe controlled cortical impact group compared with the severe free weight drop group. The severe free weight drop model presented with more significant apoptosis in the brainstem and diffused blood-brain barrier damage, with higher mortality and lower repeatability compared with the severe controlled cortical impact group. Severe brainstem damage was not found in the severe controlled cortical impact model. These results indicate that the severe controlled cortical impact model is relatively more stable, more reproducible, and shows obvious cerebral pathological changes at an earlier stage. Therefore, the severe controlled cortical impact model is likely more suitable for studies on severe focal traumatic brain injury, while the severe free weight drop model may be more apt for studies on diffuse axonal injury. All experimental procedures were approved by the Ethics Committee of Animal Experiments of Tianjin Medical University, China (approval No. IRB2012-028-02) in February 2012.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ming Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University; Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University; Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Wan-Qiang Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University; Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuan-Hui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University; Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin-Hao Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University; Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi-Tao Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University; Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong-Liang Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University; Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Chuang Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University; Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Rong-Cai Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University; Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Spinal Cord Injury in Rats Disrupts the Circadian System. eNeuro 2018; 5:eN-NWR-0328-18. [PMID: 30627655 PMCID: PMC6325559 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0328-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) perturbs many physiological systems. The circadian system helps maintain homeostasis throughout the body by synchronizing physiological and behavioral functions to predictable daily events. Whether disruption of these coordinated daily rhythms contributes to SCI-associated pathology remains understudied. Here, we hypothesized that SCI in rats would dysregulate several prominent circadian outputs including glucocorticoids, core temperature, activity, neuroinflammation, and circadian gene networks. Female and male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to clinically relevant thoracic 9 moderate contusion SCI (or laminectomy sham surgery). Diurnal measures-including rhythms of plasma corticosterone (CORT), body temperature, and activity (using small implanted transmitters), and intraspinal circadian and inflammatory gene expression-were studied prior to and after surgery. SCI caused overall increases and disrupted rhythms of the major rodent glucocorticoid, CORT. Presurgery and sham rats displayed expected rhythms in body temperature and activity, whereas rats with SCI had blunted daily rhythms in body temperature and activity. In parallel, SCI disrupted intraspinal rhythms of circadian clock gene expression. Circadian clock genes can act as transcriptional regulators of inflammatory pathways. Indeed, SCI rats also showed dysregulated rhythms in inflammatory gene expression in both the epicenter and distal spinal cord. Our data show that moderate SCI in rats causes wide-ranging diurnal rhythm dysfunction, which is severe at acute time points and gradually recovers over time. Normalizing post-SCI diurnal rhythms could enhance the recovery of homeostasis and quality of life.
Collapse
|