1
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Walle R, Petitbon A, Fois GR, Varin C, Montalban E, Hardt L, Contini A, Angelo MF, Potier M, Ortole R, Oummadi A, De Smedt-Peyrusse V, Adan RA, Giros B, Chaouloff F, Ferreira G, de Kerchove d'Exaerde A, Ducrocq F, Georges F, Trifilieff P. Nucleus accumbens D1- and D2-expressing neurons control the balance between feeding and activity-mediated energy expenditure. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2543. [PMID: 38514654 PMCID: PMC10958053 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46874-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence points to dysregulations of the Nucleus Accumbens (NAc) in eating disorders (ED), however its precise contribution to ED symptomatic dimensions remains unclear. Using chemogenetic manipulations in male mice, we found that activity of dopamine D1 receptor-expressing neurons of the NAc core subregion facilitated effort for a food reward as well as voluntary exercise, but decreased food intake, while D2-expressing neurons have opposite effects. These effects are congruent with D2-neurons being more active than D1-neurons during feeding while it is the opposite during running. Chronic manipulations of each subpopulations had limited effects on energy balance. However, repeated activation of D1-neurons combined with inhibition of D2-neurons biased behavior toward activity-related energy expenditure, whilst the opposite manipulations favored energy intake. Strikingly, concomitant activation of D1-neurons and inhibition of D2-neurons precipitated weight loss in anorexia models. These results suggest that dysregulations of NAc dopaminoceptive neurons might be at the core of EDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Walle
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 33000, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Anna Petitbon
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Giulia R Fois
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR5293 F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christophe Varin
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, ULB Neuroscience Institute, WELBIO, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Enrica Montalban
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Lola Hardt
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Andrea Contini
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Mylène Potier
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 33000, Bordeaux, France
- Bordeaux Sciences Agro, F-, 33175, Gradignan, France
| | - Rodrigue Ortole
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Asma Oummadi
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Roger A Adan
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584CG, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Altrecht Eating Disorders Rintveld, Zeist, the Netherlands
| | - Bruno Giros
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Université de Paris Cité, INCC UMR 8002, CNRS; F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Francis Chaouloff
- Endocannabinoids and NeuroAdaptation, NeuroCentre INSERM U1215, 33077, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, 33077, Bordeaux, France
| | - Guillaume Ferreira
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alban de Kerchove d'Exaerde
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, ULB Neuroscience Institute, WELBIO, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fabien Ducrocq
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Pierre Trifilieff
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 33000, Bordeaux, France.
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2
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Garau C, Hayes J, Chiacchierini G, McCutcheon JE, Apergis-Schoute J. Involvement of A13 dopaminergic neurons in prehensile movements but not reward in the rat. Curr Biol 2023; 33:4786-4797.e4. [PMID: 37816347 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-containing neurons of the dopamine (DA) cell group A13 are well positioned to impact known DA-related functions as their descending projections innervate target regions that regulate vigilance, sensory integration, and motor execution. Despite this connectivity, little is known regarding the functionality of A13-DA circuits. Using TH-specific loss-of-function methodology and techniques to monitor population activity in transgenic rats in vivo, we investigated the contribution of A13-DA neurons in reward and movement-related actions. Our work demonstrates a role for A13-DA neurons in grasping and handling of objects but not reward. A13-DA neurons responded strongly when animals grab and manipulate food items, whereas their inactivation or degeneration prevented animals from successfully doing so-a deficit partially attributed to a reduction in grip strength. By contrast, there was no relation between A13-DA activity and food-seeking behavior when animals were tested on a reward-based task that did not include a reaching/grasping response. Motivation for food was unaffected, as goal-directed behavior for food items was in general intact following A13 neuronal inactivation/degeneration. An anatomical investigation confirmed that A13-DA neurons project to the superior colliculus (SC) and also demonstrated a novel A13-DA projection to the reticular formation (RF). These results establish a functional role for A13-DA neurons in prehensile actions that are uncoupled from the motivational factors that contribute to the initiation of forelimb movements and help position A13-DA circuits into the functional framework regarding centrally located DA populations and their ability to coordinate movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Garau
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology & Behaviour, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK.
| | - Jessica Hayes
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology & Behaviour, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Giulia Chiacchierini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology & Behaviour, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, La Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - James E McCutcheon
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology & Behaviour, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK; Department of Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Huginbakken 32, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - John Apergis-Schoute
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology & Behaviour, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK; Department of Biological and Experimental Psychology, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK.
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3
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Continuous cholinergic-dopaminergic updating in the nucleus accumbens underlies approaches to reward-predicting cues. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7924. [PMID: 36564387 PMCID: PMC9789106 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35601-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to learn Pavlovian associations from environmental cues predicting positive outcomes is critical for survival, motivating adaptive behaviours. This cued-motivated behaviour depends on the nucleus accumbens (NAc). NAc output activity mediated by spiny projecting neurons (SPNs) is regulated by dopamine, but also by cholinergic interneurons (CINs), which can release acetylcholine and glutamate via the activity of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) or the vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT3), respectively. Here we investigated behavioural and neurochemical changes in mice performing a touchscreen Pavlovian approach task by recording dopamine, acetylcholine, and calcium dynamics from D1- and D2-SPNs using fibre photometry in control, VAChT or VGLUT3 mutant mice to understand how these signals cooperate in the service of approach behaviours toward reward-predicting cues. We reveal that NAc acetylcholine-dopaminergic signalling is continuously updated to regulate striatal output underlying the acquisition of Pavlovian approach learning toward reward-predicting cues.
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4
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Noguer-Calabús I, Schäble S, Kalenscher T. Lesions of nucleus accumbens shell abolish socially transmitted food preferences. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:5795-5809. [PMID: 36151057 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Rats adapt their food choices to conform to their conspecifics' dietary preferences. The nucleus accumbens shell is a relevant brain region to process reward-related and motivated behaviours and social information. Here, we hypothesize that the integrity of the nucleus accumbens shell is necessary to show socially transmitted food preferences. We made excitotoxic and sham lesions of nucleus accumbens shell in male Long-Evans rats who performed a social transmission of food preference task. In this task, observer rats revealed their original preference for one out of two food options. Afterward, they were exposed to a demonstrator rat who was fed with the observer's originally non-preferred food, and the observer's food choices were sampled again. Sham lesioned observer rats changed their food preferences following interaction with the demonstrator, specifically by increasing the intake of their originally non-preferred food type. This interaction-related change in preference was not found after nucleus accumbens shell lesions. The lesion effects on choice were not the consequence of impaired social or non-social motivation, anxiety or sensory or motor function, suggesting that they reflected a genuine deficit in social reward revaluation. These results highlight the role of nucleus accumbens shell in revaluating food rewards to match a conspecific's preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Noguer-Calabús
- Comparative Psychology, Institute of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sandra Schäble
- Comparative Psychology, Institute of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tobias Kalenscher
- Comparative Psychology, Institute of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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5
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Fleming W, Lee J, Briones BA, Bolkan SS, Witten IB. Cholinergic interneurons mediate cocaine extinction in male mice through plasticity across medium spiny neuron subtypes. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110874. [PMID: 35649378 PMCID: PMC9196889 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholinergic interneurons (ChINs) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) have been implicated in the extinction of drug associations, as well as related plasticity in medium spiny neurons (MSNs). However, since most previous work relied on artificial manipulations, whether endogenous acetylcholine signaling relates to drug associations is unclear. Moreover, despite great interest in the opposing effects of dopamine on MSN subtypes, whether ChIN-mediated effects vary by MSN subtype is also unclear. Here, we find that high endogenous acetylcholine event frequency correlates with greater extinction of cocaine-context associations across male mice. Additionally, extinction is associated with a weakening of glutamatergic synapses across MSN subtypes. Manipulating ChIN activity bidirectionally controls both the rate of extinction and the associated plasticity at MSNs. Our findings indicate that NAc ChINs mediate drug-context extinction by reducing glutamatergic synaptic strength across MSN subtypes, and that natural variation in acetylcholine signaling may contribute to individual differences in extinction. Fleming et al. show that individual differences in nucleus accumbens (NAc) acetylcholine signaling correlate with extinction of a cocaine-context association. Manipulations of NAc cholinergic interneuron activity support a model where acetylcholine release weakens glutamatergic presynaptic strength at NAc D1R and D2R medium spiny neurons, promoting cocaine-context extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weston Fleming
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Junuk Lee
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Brandy A Briones
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Scott S Bolkan
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Ilana B Witten
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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6
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Hunger dampens a nucleus accumbens circuit to drive persistent food seeking. Curr Biol 2022; 32:1689-1702.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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7
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Pham LT, Yamanaka K, Miyamoto Y, Waki H, Gouraud SSS. Estradiol-dependent gene expression profile in the amygdala of young ovariectomized spontaneously hypertensive rats. Physiol Genomics 2022; 54:99-114. [DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00082.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen plays a role in cardiovascular functions, emotional health, and energy homeostasis via estrogen receptors expressed in the brain. The comorbid relationship between rising blood pressure, a decline in mood and motivation, and body weight gain after menopause, when estrogen levels drop, suggests that the same brain area(s) contributes to protection from all of these postmenopausal disorders. The amygdala, a major limbic system nucleus known to express high estrogen receptor levels, is involved in the regulation of such physiological and psychological responses. We hypothesized that elevated estrogen levels contribute to premenopausal characteristics by activating specific genes and pathways in the amygdala. We examined the effect of 1-month estradiol treatment on the gene expression profile in the amygdala of ovariectomized young adult female spontaneously hypertensive rats. Estradiol substitution significantly decreased blood pressure, prevented body weight gain, and enhanced the voluntary physical activity of ovariectomized rats. In the amygdala of ovariectomized rats, estradiol treatment downregulated the expression of genes associated with estrogen signaling, cholinergic synapse, dopaminergic synapse, and long-term depression pathways. These findings indicate that the transcriptomic characteristics of the amygdala may be involved in estrogen-dependent regulation of blood pressure, physical activity motivation, and body weight control in young adult female spontaneously hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh T Pham
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ko Yamanaka
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health and Sports Sciences, Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Hidefumi Waki
- Department of Physiolgy, Graduate School of Health and Sports Sciences, Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sabine S. S. Gouraud
- College of Liberal Arts, Department of Natural Sciences, International Christian University, Tokyo, 東京都, Japan
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8
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Ventral tegmental area GABAergic inhibition of cholinergic interneurons in the ventral nucleus accumbens shell promotes reward reinforcement. Nat Neurosci 2021; 24:1414-1428. [PMID: 34385700 PMCID: PMC8823543 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-021-00898-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The long-range GABAergic input from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is relatively understudied, and therefore its role in reward processing has remained unknown. In the present study, we show, in both male and female mice, that long-range GABAergic projections from the VTA to the ventral NAc shell, but not to the dorsal NAc shell or NAc core, are engaged in reward and reinforcement behavior. We show that this GABAergic projection exclusively synapses on to cholinergic interneurons (CINs) in the ventral NAc shell, thereby serving a specialized function in modulating reinforced reward behavior through the inhibition of ventral NAc shell CINs. These findings highlight the diversity in the structural and functional topography of VTA GABAergic projections, and their neuromodulatory interactions across the dorsoventral gradient of the NAc shell. They also further our understanding of neuronal circuits that are directly implicated in neuropsychiatric conditions such as depression and addiction.
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9
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Engelke DS, Zhang XO, O'Malley JJ, Fernandez-Leon JA, Li S, Kirouac GJ, Beierlein M, Do-Monte FH. A hypothalamic-thalamostriatal circuit that controls approach-avoidance conflict in rats. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2517. [PMID: 33947849 PMCID: PMC8097010 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22730-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival depends on a balance between seeking rewards and avoiding potential threats, but the neural circuits that regulate this motivational conflict remain largely unknown. Using an approach-food vs. avoid-predator threat conflict test in rats, we identified a subpopulation of neurons in the anterior portion of the paraventricular thalamic nucleus (aPVT) which express corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) and are preferentially recruited during conflict. Inactivation of aPVTCRF neurons during conflict biases animal's response toward food, whereas activation of these cells recapitulates the food-seeking suppression observed during conflict. aPVTCRF neurons project densely to the nucleus accumbens (NAc), and activity in this pathway reduces food seeking and increases avoidance. In addition, we identified the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) as a critical input to aPVTCRF neurons, and demonstrated that VMH-aPVT neurons mediate defensive behaviors exclusively during conflict. Together, our findings describe a hypothalamic-thalamostriatal circuit that suppresses reward-seeking behavior under the competing demands of avoiding threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Engelke
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - X O Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J J O'Malley
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J A Fernandez-Leon
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S Li
- Department of Oral Biol., University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - G J Kirouac
- Department of Oral Biol., University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - M Beierlein
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - F H Do-Monte
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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10
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Bernaud VE, Hiroi R, Poisson ML, Castaneda AJ, Kirshner ZZ, Gibbs RB, Bimonte-Nelson HA. Age Impacts the Burden That Reference Memory Imparts on an Increasing Working Memory Load and Modifies Relationships With Cholinergic Activity. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:610078. [PMID: 33643006 PMCID: PMC7902531 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.610078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rodent aging research often utilizes spatial mazes, such as the water radial-arm-maze (WRAM), to evaluate cognition. The WRAM can simultaneously measure spatial working and reference memory, wherein these two memory types are often represented as orthogonal. There is evidence, however, that these two memory forms yield interference at a high working memory load. The current study systematically evaluated whether the presence of a reference memory component impacts handling of an increasing working memory load. Young and aged female rats were tested to assess whether aging impacts this relationship. Cholinergic projections from the basal forebrain to the hippocampus and cortex can affect cognitive outcomes, and are negatively impacted by aging. To evaluate whether age-related changes in working and reference memory profiles are associated with cholinergic functioning, we assessed choline acetyltransferase activity in these behaviorally-tested rats. Results showed that young rats outperformed aged rats on a task testing solely working memory. The addition of a reference memory component deteriorated the ability to handle an increasing working memory load, such that young rats performed similar to their aged counterparts. Aged rats also had challenges when reference memory was present, but in a different context. Specifically, aged rats had difficulty remembering which reference memory arms they had entered within a session, compared to young rats. Further, aged rats that excelled in reference memory also excelled in working memory when working memory demand was high, a relationship not seen in young rats. Relationships between cholinergic activity and maze performance differed by age in direction and brain region, reflecting the complex role that the cholinergic system plays in memory and attentional processes across the female lifespan. Overall, the addition of a reference memory requirement detrimentally impacted the ability to handle working memory information across young and aged timepoints, especially when the working memory challenge was high; these age-related deficits manifested differently with the addition of a reference memory component. This interplay between working and reference memory provides insight into the multiple domains necessary to solve complex cognitive tasks, potentially improving the understanding of complexities of age- and disease- related memory failures and optimizing their respective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria E Bernaud
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States.,Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Ryoko Hiroi
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States.,Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Mallori L Poisson
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States.,Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Arthur J Castaneda
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States.,Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Ziv Z Kirshner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Robert B Gibbs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Heather A Bimonte-Nelson
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States.,Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, United States
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11
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Castro DC, Bruchas MR. A Motivational and Neuropeptidergic Hub: Anatomical and Functional Diversity within the Nucleus Accumbens Shell. Neuron 2019; 102:529-552. [PMID: 31071288 PMCID: PMC6528838 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The mesocorticolimbic pathway is canonically known as the "reward pathway." Embedded within the center of this circuit is the striatum, a massive and complex network hub that synthesizes motivation, affect, learning, cognition, stress, and sensorimotor information. Although striatal subregions collectively share many anatomical and functional similarities, it has become increasingly clear that it is an extraordinarily heterogeneous region. In particular, the nucleus accumbens (NAc) medial shell has repeatedly demonstrated that the rules dictated by more dorsal aspects of the striatum do not apply or are even reversed in functional logic. These discrepancies are perhaps most easily captured when isolating the functions of various neuromodulatory peptide systems within the striatum. Endogenous peptides are thought to play a critical role in modulating striatal signals to either amplify or dampen evoked behaviors. Here we describe the anatomical-functional backdrop upon which several neuropeptides act within the NAc to modulate behavior, with a specific emphasis on nucleus accumbens medial shell and stress responsivity. Additionally, we propose that, as the field continues to dissect fast neurotransmitter systems within the NAc, we must also provide considerable contextual weight to the roles local peptides play in modulating these circuits to more comprehensively understand how this important subregion gates motivated behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Castro
- Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Michael R Bruchas
- Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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12
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Mu P, Huang YH. Cholinergic system in sleep regulation of emotion and motivation. Pharmacol Res 2019; 143:113-118. [PMID: 30894329 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Sleep profoundly regulates our emotional and motivational state of mind. Human brain imaging and animal model studies are providing initial insights on the underlying neural mechanisms. Here, we focus on the brain cholinergic system, including cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain, ventral striatum, habenula, and brain stem. Although much is learned about cholinergic regulations of emotion and motivation, less is known on their interactions with sleep. Specifically, we present an anatomical framework that highlights cholinergic signaling in the integrated reward-arousal/sleep circuitry, and identify the knowledge gaps on the potential roles of cholinergic system in sleep-mediated regulation of emotion and motivation. Sleep impacts every aspect of brain functions. It not only restores cognitive control, but also retunes emotional and motivational regulation [1]. Sleep disturbance is a comorbidity and sometimes a predicting factor for various psychiatric diseases including major depressive disorder, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and drug addiction [2-9]. Although it is well recognized that sleep prominently shapes emotional and motivational regulation, the underlying neural mechanisms remain elusive. The brain cholinergic system is essential for a diverse variety of functions including cognition, learning and memory, sensory and motor processing, sleep and arousal, reward processing, and emotion regulation [10-14]. Although cholinergic functions in cognition, learning and memory, motor control, and sleep and arousal have been well established, its interaction with sleep in regulating emotion and motivation has not been extensively studied. Here we review current evidence on sleep-mediated regulation of emotion and motivation, and reveal knowledge gaps on potential contributions from the cholinergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Mu
- College of Life Sciences, Ludong University, 186 Hongqi Middle Road, Yantai, Shandong, 264025, China.
| | - Yanhua H Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15219, PA, United States.
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13
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Wiss DA, Avena N, Rada P. Sugar Addiction: From Evolution to Revolution. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:545. [PMID: 30464748 PMCID: PMC6234835 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The obesity epidemic has been widely publicized in the media worldwide. Investigators at all levels have been looking for factors that have contributed to the development of this epidemic. Two major theories have been proposed: (1) sedentary lifestyle and (2) variety and ease of inexpensive palatable foods. In the present review, we analyze how nutrients like sugar that are often used to make foods more appealing could also lead to habituation and even in some cases addiction thereby uniquely contributing to the obesity epidemic. We review the evolutionary aspects of feeding and how they have shaped the human brain to function in "survival mode" signaling to "eat as much as you can while you can." This leads to our present understanding of how the dopaminergic system is involved in reward and its functions in hedonistic rewards, like eating of highly palatable foods, and drug addiction. We also review how other neurotransmitters, like acetylcholine, interact in the satiation processes to counteract the dopamine system. Lastly, we analyze the important question of whether there is sufficient empirical evidence of sugar addiction, discussed within the broader context of food addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Wiss
- Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nicole Avena
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Pedro Rada
- School of Medicine, University of Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
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Fernandes SS, Koth AP, Parfitt GM, Cordeiro MF, Peixoto CS, Soubhia A, Moreira FP, Wiener CD, Oses JP, Kaszubowski E, Barros DM. Enhanced cholinergic-tone during the stress induce a depressive-like state in mice. Behav Brain Res 2018; 347:17-25. [PMID: 29501509 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder has a heterogeneous etiology, since it arises from the interaction of multiple factors and different pathophysiological mechanisms are involved in the symptomatology. This study aimed to investigate the role of the cholinergic system in the susceptibility to stress and, consequently, in the depression-like behavior. C57BL/6 mice were treated with Physostigmine (PHYS), an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, and were submitted to the social defeat stress. For the behavioral evaluation of the locomotor activity, anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors the open field, elevated plus maze, sucrose preference, social interaction and forced swim were used. Hippocampus and prefrontal cortex samples were collected for evaluation of AChE activity, as well as blood samples for analysis of serum cortisol levels. Our results showed that 15 min after the injection of PHYS there was a significant inhibition of AChE activity in the hippocampus and in the prefrontal cortex. On the other hand, in the end of the experimental design, day 12, there was no difference in AChE activity levels. Inhibition of AChE and exposure to the stress led to an increase in cortisol levels. Animals that received PHYS and were exposed to stress showed less social interaction and greater learned helplessness, anhedonia and anxious-like behavior. Taken together, our findings suggest that increasing the cholinergic tone shortly before stress induction impacts on the ability to cope with upcoming stressful situations, leading to a depressive-like state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara S Fernandes
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Neurosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - André P Koth
- Post-Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo M Parfitt
- Post-Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcos F Cordeiro
- Post-Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Carolina S Peixoto
- Post-Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Andréa Soubhia
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Neurosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda P Moreira
- Translational Science on Brain Disorders, Clinical Neuroscience Lab., Department of Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Carolina D Wiener
- Post-Graduation Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Jean P Oses
- Translational Science on Brain Disorders, Clinical Neuroscience Lab., Department of Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Erikson Kaszubowski
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Daniela M Barros
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Neurosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
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