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Li Y, Xia X, Yu A, Xu H, Zhang C. Duration of an acute moderate-intensity exercise session affects approach bias toward high-calorie food among individuals with obesity. Appetite 2022; 172:105955. [PMID: 35122877 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.105955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is partly driven by unhealthy eating behaviors underpinned by an approach bias toward high-calorie food. Although exercise is a useful strategy for weight loss among individuals with obesity, whether exercise modulates this approach bias is unclear. This study assessed whether the duration of an acute moderate-intensity exercise altered the approach bias toward high-calorie food among individuals with obesity. In total, 24 individuals with obesity were included in this study with a randomized, counterbalanced, crossover design. Participants completed three sessions of 30, 45, or 60 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise (40%-59% of heart rate reserve) on an elliptical trainer or completed a control rest session for 55 minutes. Food approach bias was evaluated using a joystick-based approach-avoidance task immediately before and after each session. Two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. We found that compared with that before exercise, the approach bias score toward high-calorie food was significantly decreased only in the 45-minute exercise session (p = .015) and that this score was also significantly lower than that after both the 60-minute exercise session (p = .002) and the control session (p = .024). These findings suggest a dose-response relationship between exercise duration and approach bias, with 45 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise being an effective strategy for decreasing the approach bias toward high-calorie food among individuals with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansong Li
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Xia
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Anqi Yu
- Shanghai Dianfeng Institute of Fat Lose, Shanghai, China
| | - Huangmei Xu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunhua Zhang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
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Webster-Wood VA, Gill JP, Thomas PJ, Chiel HJ. Control for multifunctionality: bioinspired control based on feeding in Aplysia californica. BIOLOGICAL CYBERNETICS 2020; 114:557-588. [PMID: 33301053 PMCID: PMC8543386 DOI: 10.1007/s00422-020-00851-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Animals exhibit remarkable feats of behavioral flexibility and multifunctional control that remain challenging for robotic systems. The neural and morphological basis of multifunctionality in animals can provide a source of bioinspiration for robotic controllers. However, many existing approaches to modeling biological neural networks rely on computationally expensive models and tend to focus solely on the nervous system, often neglecting the biomechanics of the periphery. As a consequence, while these models are excellent tools for neuroscience, they fail to predict functional behavior in real time, which is a critical capability for robotic control. To meet the need for real-time multifunctional control, we have developed a hybrid Boolean model framework capable of modeling neural bursting activity and simple biomechanics at speeds faster than real time. Using this approach, we present a multifunctional model of Aplysia californica feeding that qualitatively reproduces three key feeding behaviors (biting, swallowing, and rejection), demonstrates behavioral switching in response to external sensory cues, and incorporates both known neural connectivity and a simple bioinspired mechanical model of the feeding apparatus. We demonstrate that the model can be used for formulating testable hypotheses and discuss the implications of this approach for robotic control and neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A Webster-Wood
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Jeffrey P Gill
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, 2080 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH, 44106-7080, USA
| | - Peter J Thomas
- Department of Mathematics, Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106-4901, USA
- Department of Biology, Department of Cognitive Science, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106-4901, USA
- Department of Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106-4901, USA
| | - Hillel J Chiel
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, 2080 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH, 44106-7080, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, 2080 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH, 44106-7080, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2080 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH, 44106-7080, USA
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Simple Aesthetic Sense and Addiction Emerge in Neural Relations of Cost-Benefit Decision in Foraging. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9627. [PMID: 32541824 PMCID: PMC7295997 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66465-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A rudimentary aesthetic sense is found in the stimulus valuations and cost-benefit decisions made by primitive generalist foragers. These are based on factors governing personal economic decisions: incentive, appetite, and learning. We find that the addictive process is an extreme expression of aesthetic dynamics. An interactive, agent-based model, ASIMOV, reproduces a simple aesthetic sense from known neural relations of cost-benefit decision in foraging. In the presence of very high reward, an addiction-like process emerges. A drug-like prey provides extreme reward with no nutritive value, initiating high selectivity and prolonged cravings for drug through reward learning. Varying reward experience, caused by homeostatic changes in the neural circuitry of reward, further establishes the course of addiction, consisting of desensitization, withdrawal, resensitization, and associated changes in nutritional choice and pain sensitivity. These observations are consistent with the early evolution of addiction mechanisms in simple generalist foragers as an aesthetic sense for evaluating prey. ASIMOV is accessible to inspection, modification, and experiment, is adaptable as an educational tool, and provides insight on the possible coevolutionary origins of aesthetics and the addiction process.
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