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Cui H, Elford JD, Alitalo O, Perez-Pardo P, Tampio J, Huttunen KM, Kraneveld A, Forsberg MM, Myöhänen TT, Jalkanen AJ. Nigrostriatal 6-hydroxydopamine lesions increase alpha-synuclein levels and permeability in rat colon. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 129:62-71. [PMID: 37271045 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that the gut-brain axis plays a crucial role in Parkinson's disease (PD). The abnormal accumulation of aggregated alpha-synuclein (aSyn) in the brain is a key pathological feature of PD. Intracerebral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) is a widely used dopaminergic lesion model of PD. It exerts no aSyn pathology in the brain, but changes in the gut have not been assessed. Here, 6-OHDA was administered unilaterally either to the rat medial forebrain bundle (MFB) or striatum. Increased levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein in the ileum and colon were detected at 5 weeks postlesion. 6-OHDA decreased the Zonula occludens protein 1 barrier integrity score, suggesting increased colonic permeability. The total aSyn and Ser129 phosphorylated aSyn levels were elevated in the colon after the MFB lesion. Both lesions generally increased the total aSyn, pS129 aSyn, and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1) levels in the lesioned striatum. In conclusion, 6-OHDA-induced nigrostriatal dopaminergic damage leads to increased aSyn levels and glial cell activation particularly in the colon, suggesting that the gut-brain axis interactions in PD are bidirectional and the detrimental process may start in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengjing Cui
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Joshua D Elford
- Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Helsinki, the Netherlands
| | - Okko Alitalo
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Paula Perez-Pardo
- Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Helsinki, the Netherlands
| | - Janne Tampio
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Aletta Kraneveld
- Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Helsinki, the Netherlands
| | | | - Timo T Myöhänen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Aaro J Jalkanen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
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2
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Hunt J, Coulson EJ, Rajnarayanan R, Oster H, Videnovic A, Rawashdeh O. Sleep and circadian rhythms in Parkinson's disease and preclinical models. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:2. [PMID: 35000606 PMCID: PMC8744293 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00504-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of animals as models of human physiology is, and has been for many years, an indispensable tool for understanding the mechanisms of human disease. In Parkinson's disease, various mouse models form the cornerstone of these investigations. Early models were developed to reflect the traditional histological features and motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. However, it is important that models accurately encompass important facets of the disease to allow for comprehensive mechanistic understanding and translational significance. Circadian rhythm and sleep issues are tightly correlated to Parkinson's disease, and often arise prior to the presentation of typical motor deficits. It is essential that models used to understand Parkinson's disease reflect these dysfunctions in circadian rhythms and sleep, both to facilitate investigations into mechanistic interplay between sleep and disease, and to assist in the development of circadian rhythm-facing therapeutic treatments. This review describes the extent to which various genetically- and neurotoxically-induced murine models of Parkinson's reflect the sleep and circadian abnormalities of Parkinson's disease observed in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Hunt
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Elizabeth J. Coulson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Henrik Oster
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Aleksandar Videnovic
- Movement Disorders Unit and Division of Sleep Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Oliver Rawashdeh
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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3
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Petiet A. Current and Emerging MR Methods and Outcome in Rodent Models of Parkinson's Disease: A Review. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:583678. [PMID: 33897339 PMCID: PMC8058186 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.583678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a major neurodegenerative disease characterized by massive degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, α-synuclein-containing Lewy bodies, and neuroinflammation. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression and treatment. A variety of MR methods are available to characterize neurodegeneration and other disease features such as iron accumulation and metabolic changes in animal models of PD. This review aims at giving an overview of how those physiopathological features of PD have been investigated using various MR methods in rodent models. Toxin-based and genetic-based models of PD are first described. MR methods for neurodegeneration evaluation, iron load, and metabolism alterations are then detailed, and the main findings are provided in those models. Ultimately, future directions are suggested for neuroinflammation and neuromelanin evaluations in new animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Petiet
- Centre de Neuroimagerie de Recherche, Institut du Cerveau, Paris, France.,Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
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Becq GJPC, Habet T, Collomb N, Faucher M, Delon-Martin C, Coizet V, Achard S, Barbier EL. Functional connectivity is preserved but reorganized across several anesthetic regimes. Neuroimage 2020; 219:116945. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Li SJ, Lo YC, Lai HY, Lin SH, Lin HC, Lin TC, Chang CW, Chen TC, Chin-Jung Hsieh C, Yang SH, Chiu FM, Kuo CH, Chen YY. Uncovering the Modulatory Interactions of Brain Networks in Cognition with Central Thalamic Deep Brain Stimulation Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Neuroscience 2020; 440:65-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Gretenkord S, Olthof BMJ, Stylianou M, Rees A, Gartside SE, LeBeau FEN. Electrical stimulation of the ventral tegmental area evokes sleep-like state transitions under urethane anaesthesia in the rat medial prefrontal cortex via dopamine D 1 -like receptors. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 52:2915-2930. [PMID: 31891427 PMCID: PMC7497269 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The role of dopamine in regulating sleep-state transitions during, both natural sleep and under anaesthesia, is still unclear. Recording in vivo in the rat mPFC under urethane anaesthesia, we observed predominantly slow wave activity (SWA) of <1 Hz in the local field potential interrupted by occasional spontaneous transitions to a low-amplitude-fast (LAF) pattern of activity. During periods of SWA, transitions to LAF activity could be rapidly and consistently evoked by electrical stimulation of the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Spontaneous LAF activity, and that evoked by stimulation of the VTA, consisted of fast oscillations similar to those seen in the rapid eye movement (REM)-like sleep state. Spontaneous and VTA stimulation-evoked LAF activity occurred simultaneously along the dorsoventral extent of all mPFC subregions. Evoked LAF activity depended on VTA stimulation current and could be elicited using either regular (25-50 Hz) or burst stimulation patterns and was reproducible upon repeated stimulation. Simultaneous extracellular single-unit recordings showed that during SWA, presumed pyramidal cells fired phasically and almost exclusively on the Up state, while during both spontaneous and VTA-evoked LAF activity, they fired tonically. The transition to LAF activity evoked by VTA stimulation depended on dopamine D1 -like receptor activation as it was almost completely blocked by systemic administration of the D1 -like receptor antagonist SCH23390. Overall, our data demonstrate that activation of dopamine D1 -like receptors in the mPFC is important for regulating sleep-like state transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Gretenkord
- Biosciences InstituteMedical SchoolNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | - Bas M. J. Olthof
- Biosciences InstituteMedical SchoolNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | - Myrto Stylianou
- Biosciences InstituteMedical SchoolNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | - Adrian Rees
- Biosciences InstituteMedical SchoolNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | - Sarah E. Gartside
- Biosciences InstituteMedical SchoolNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | - Fiona E. N. LeBeau
- Biosciences InstituteMedical SchoolNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneUK
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Berkowitz BA, Olds HK, Richards C, Joy J, Rosales T, Podolsky RH, Childers KL, Hubbard WB, Sullivan PG, Gao S, Li Y, Qian H, Roberts R. Novel imaging biomarkers for mapping the impact of mild mitochondrial uncoupling in the outer retina in vivo. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0226840. [PMID: 31923239 PMCID: PMC6953833 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To test the hypothesis that imaging biomarkers are useful for evaluating in vivo rod photoreceptor cell responses to a mitochondrial protonophore. METHODS Intraperitoneal injections of either the mitochondrial uncoupler 2,4 dinitrophenol (DNP) or saline were given to mice with either higher [129S6/eVTac (S6)] or lower [C57BL/6J (B6)] mitochondrial reserve capacities and were studied in dark or light. We measured: (i) the external limiting membrane-retinal pigment epithelium region thickness (ELM-RPE; OCT), which decreases substantially with upregulation of a pH-sensitive water removal co-transporter on the apical portion of the RPE, and (ii) the outer retina R1 (= 1/(spin lattice relaxation time (T1), an MRI parameter proportional to oxygen / free radical content. RESULTS In darkness, baseline rod energy production and consumption are relatively high compared to that in light, and additional metabolic stimulation with DNP provoked thinning of the ELM-RPE region compared to saline injection in S6 mice; ELM-RPE thickness was unresponsive to DNP in B6 mice. Also, dark-adapted S6 mice given DNP showed a decrease in outer retina R1 values compared to saline injection in the inferior retina. In dark-adapted B6 mice, transretinal R1 values were unresponsive to DNP in superior and inferior regions. In light, with its relatively lower basal rod energy production and consumption, DNP caused ELM-RPE thinning in both S6 and B6 mice. CONCLUSIONS The present results raise the possibility of non-invasively evaluating the mouse rod mitochondrial energy ecosystem using new DNP-assisted OCT and MRI in vivo assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A. Berkowitz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Hailey K. Olds
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Collin Richards
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Joydip Joy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Tilman Rosales
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Robert H. Podolsky
- Beaumont Research Institute, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, United States of America
| | - Karen Lins Childers
- Beaumont Research Institute, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, United States of America
| | - W. Brad Hubbard
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Patrick G. Sullivan
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
- Lexington VA Health Care System, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Shasha Gao
- Visual Function Core, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yichao Li
- Visual Function Core, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Haohua Qian
- Visual Function Core, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Robin Roberts
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States of America
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Medeiros DDC, Lopes Aguiar C, Moraes MFD, Fisone G. Sleep Disorders in Rodent Models of Parkinson's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1414. [PMID: 31827439 PMCID: PMC6892229 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep disorders are frequently diagnosed in Parkinson’s disease and manifested in the prodromal and advanced stages of the disease. These conditions, which in some cases affect more than 50% of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients, include hypersomnia, often manifested as excessive daytime sleepiness, insomnia, characterized by delayed initiation and fragmentation of sleep at night, and disruption of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, resulting in loss of atonia and dream enactment. Standard dopamine replacement therapies for the treatment of motor symptoms are generally inadequate to combat sleep abnormalities, which seriously affect the quality of life of PD patients. Rodent models still represent a major tool for the study of many aspects of PD. They have been primarily designed to eliminate midbrain dopamine neurons and elicit motor impairment, which are the traditional pathological features of PD. However, rodent models are increasingly employed to investigate non-motor symptoms, which are often caused by degenerative processes affecting multiple monoaminergic and peptidergic structures. This review describes how neurotoxic and genetic manipulations of rats and mice have been utilized to reproduce some of the major sleep disturbances associated with PD and to what extent these abnormalities can be linked to nondopaminergic dysfunction, affecting for instance noradrenaline, serotonin, and orexin transmission. Strengths and limitations are discussed, as well as the consistency of results obtained so far, and the need for models that better reproduce the multisystemic neurodegenerative nature of PD, thereby allowing to replicate the complex etiology of sleep-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel de Castro Medeiros
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Núcleo de Neurociências, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Cleiton Lopes Aguiar
- Núcleo de Neurociências, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Márcio Flávio Dutra Moraes
- Núcleo de Neurociências, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Fisone
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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