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Petousakis KE, Park J, Papoutsi A, Smirnakis S, Poirazi P. Modeling apical and basal tree contribution to orientation selectivity in a mouse primary visual cortex layer 2/3 pyramidal cell. eLife 2023; 12:e91627. [PMID: 38054403 PMCID: PMC10754496 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyramidal neurons, a mainstay of cortical regions, receive a plethora of inputs from various areas onto their morphologically distinct apical and basal trees. Both trees differentially contribute to the somatic response, defining distinct anatomical and possibly functional sub-units. To elucidate the contribution of each tree to the encoding of visual stimuli at the somatic level, we modeled the response pattern of a mouse L2/3 V1 pyramidal neuron to orientation tuned synaptic input. Towards this goal, we used a morphologically detailed computational model of a single cell that replicates electrophysiological and two-photon imaging data. Our simulations predict a synergistic effect of apical and basal trees on somatic action potential generation: basal tree activity, in the form of either depolarization or dendritic spiking, is necessary for producing somatic activity, despite the fact that most somatic spikes are heavily driven by apical dendritic spikes. This model provides evidence for synergistic computations taking place in the basal and apical trees of the L2/3 V1 neuron along with mechanistic explanations for tree-specific contributions and emphasizes the potential role of predictive and attentional feedback input in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiyoung Park
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Jamaica Plain Veterans Administration Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | | | - Stelios Smirnakis
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Jamaica Plain Veterans Administration Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
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2
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Makarov R, Pagkalos M, Poirazi P. Dendrites and efficiency: Optimizing performance and resource utilization. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 83:102812. [PMID: 37980803 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The brain is a highly efficient system that has evolved to optimize performance under limited resources. In this review, we highlight recent theoretical and experimental studies that support the view that dendrites make information processing and storage in the brain more efficient. This is achieved through the dynamic modulation of integration versus segregation of inputs and activity within a neuron. We argue that under conditions of limited energy and space, dendrites help biological networks to implement complex functions such as processing natural stimuli on behavioral timescales, performing the inference process on those stimuli in a context-specific manner, and storing the information in overlapping populations of neurons. A global picture starts to emerge, in which dendrites help the brain achieve efficiency through a combination of optimization strategies that balance the tradeoff between performance and resource utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Makarov
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, 70013, Greece; Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013, Greece. https://twitter.com/_RomanMakarov
| | - Michalis Pagkalos
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, 70013, Greece; Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013, Greece. https://twitter.com/MPagkalos
| | - Panayiota Poirazi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, 70013, Greece.
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3
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Petousakis KE, Apostolopoulou AA, Poirazi P. The impact of Hodgkin-Huxley models on dendritic research. J Physiol 2023; 601:3091-3102. [PMID: 36218068 PMCID: PMC10600871 DOI: 10.1113/jp282756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
For the past seven decades, the Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) formalism has been an invaluable tool in the arsenal of neuroscientists, allowing for robust and reproducible modelling of ionic conductances and the electrophysiological phenomena they underlie. Despite its apparent age, its role as a cornerstone of computational neuroscience has not waned. The discovery of dendritic regenerative events mediated by ionic and synaptic conductances has solidified the importance of HH-based models further, yielding new predictions concerning dendritic integration, synaptic plasticity and neuronal computation. These predictions are often validated through in vivo and in vitro experiments, advancing our understanding of the neuron as a biological system and emphasizing the importance of HH-based detailed computational models as an instrument of dendritic research. In this article, we discuss recent studies in which the HH formalism is used to shed new light on dendritic function and its role in neuronal phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos-Evangelos Petousakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Anthi A Apostolopoulou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Panayiota Poirazi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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4
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Makarov R, Pagkalos M, Poirazi P. Dendrites and Efficiency: Optimizing Performance and Resource Utilization. ARXIV 2023:arXiv:2306.07101v1. [PMID: 37396597 PMCID: PMC10312813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The brain is a highly efficient system evolved to achieve high performance with limited resources. We propose that dendrites make information processing and storage in the brain more efficient through the segregation of inputs and their conditional integration via nonlinear events, the compartmentalization of activity and plasticity and the binding of information through synapse clustering. In real-world scenarios with limited energy and space, dendrites help biological networks process natural stimuli on behavioral timescales, perform the inference process on those stimuli in a context-specific manner, and store the information in overlapping populations of neurons. A global picture starts to emerge, in which dendrites help the brain achieve efficiency through a combination of optimization strategies balancing the tradeoff between performance and resource utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Makarov
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, 70013, Greece
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013, Greece
| | - Michalis Pagkalos
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, 70013, Greece
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013, Greece
| | - Panayiota Poirazi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, 70013, Greece
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5
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Pagkalos M, Chavlis S, Poirazi P. Introducing the Dendrify framework for incorporating dendrites to spiking neural networks. Nat Commun 2023; 14:131. [PMID: 36627284 PMCID: PMC9832130 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35747-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Computational modeling has been indispensable for understanding how subcellular neuronal features influence circuit processing. However, the role of dendritic computations in network-level operations remains largely unexplored. This is partly because existing tools do not allow the development of realistic and efficient network models that account for dendrites. Current spiking neural networks, although efficient, are usually quite simplistic, overlooking essential dendritic properties. Conversely, circuit models with morphologically detailed neuron models are computationally costly, thus impractical for large-network simulations. To bridge the gap between these two extremes and facilitate the adoption of dendritic features in spiking neural networks, we introduce Dendrify, an open-source Python package based on Brian 2. Dendrify, through simple commands, automatically generates reduced compartmental neuron models with simplified yet biologically relevant dendritic and synaptic integrative properties. Such models strike a good balance between flexibility, performance, and biological accuracy, allowing us to explore dendritic contributions to network-level functions while paving the way for developing more powerful neuromorphic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalis Pagkalos
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, 70013, Greece
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013, Greece
| | - Spyridon Chavlis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, 70013, Greece
| | - Panayiota Poirazi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, 70013, Greece.
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6
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Moore JJ, Robert V, Rashid SK, Basu J. Assessing Local and Branch-specific Activity in Dendrites. Neuroscience 2022; 489:143-164. [PMID: 34756987 PMCID: PMC9125998 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Dendrites are elaborate neural processes which integrate inputs from various sources in space and time. While decades of work have suggested an independent role for dendrites in driving nonlinear computations for the cell, only recently have technological advances enabled us to capture the variety of activity in dendrites and their coupling dynamics with the soma. Under certain circumstances, activity generated in a given dendritic branch remains isolated, such that the soma or even sister dendrites are not privy to these localized signals. Such branch-specific activity could radically increase the capacity and flexibility of coding for the cell as a whole. Here, we discuss these forms of localized and branch-specific activity, their functional relevance in plasticity and behavior, and their supporting biophysical and circuit-level mechanisms. We conclude by showcasing electrical and optical approaches in hippocampal area CA3, using original experimental data to discuss experimental and analytical methodology and key considerations to take when investigating the functional relevance of independent dendritic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J Moore
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Vincent Robert
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Shannon K Rashid
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jayeeta Basu
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Kirchner JH, Gjorgjieva J. Emergence of local and global synaptic organization on cortical dendrites. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4005. [PMID: 34183661 PMCID: PMC8239006 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23557-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic inputs on cortical dendrites are organized with remarkable subcellular precision at the micron level. This organization emerges during early postnatal development through patterned spontaneous activity and manifests both locally where nearby synapses are significantly correlated, and globally with distance to the soma. We propose a biophysically motivated synaptic plasticity model to dissect the mechanistic origins of this organization during development and elucidate synaptic clustering of different stimulus features in the adult. Our model captures local clustering of orientation in ferret and receptive field overlap in mouse visual cortex based on the receptive field diameter and the cortical magnification of visual space. Including action potential back-propagation explains branch clustering heterogeneity in the ferret and produces a global retinotopy gradient from soma to dendrite in the mouse. Therefore, by combining activity-dependent synaptic competition and species-specific receptive fields, our framework explains different aspects of synaptic organization regarding stimulus features and spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan H. Kirchner
- grid.419505.c0000 0004 0491 3878Computation in Neural Circuits Group, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt, Germany ,grid.6936.a0000000123222966School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Julijana Gjorgjieva
- grid.419505.c0000 0004 0491 3878Computation in Neural Circuits Group, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt, Germany ,grid.6936.a0000000123222966School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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Wybo WA, Jordan J, Ellenberger B, Marti Mengual U, Nevian T, Senn W. Data-driven reduction of dendritic morphologies with preserved dendro-somatic responses. eLife 2021; 10:60936. [PMID: 33494860 PMCID: PMC7837682 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrites shape information flow in neurons. Yet, there is little consensus on the level of spatial complexity at which they operate. Through carefully chosen parameter fits, solvable in the least-squares sense, we obtain accurate reduced compartmental models at any level of complexity. We show that (back-propagating) action potentials, Ca2+ spikes, and N-methyl-D-aspartate spikes can all be reproduced with few compartments. We also investigate whether afferent spatial connectivity motifs admit simplification by ablating targeted branches and grouping affected synapses onto the next proximal dendrite. We find that voltage in the remaining branches is reproduced if temporal conductance fluctuations stay below a limit that depends on the average difference in input resistance between the ablated branches and the next proximal dendrite. Furthermore, our methodology fits reduced models directly from experimental data, without requiring morphological reconstructions. We provide software that automatizes the simplification, eliminating a common hurdle toward including dendritic computations in network models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem Am Wybo
- Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Jordan
- Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Thomas Nevian
- Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Walter Senn
- Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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