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Bonanno SL, Sanfilippo P, Eamani A, Sampson MM, Kandagedon B, Li K, Burns GD, Makar ME, Zipursky SL, Krantz DE. Constitutive and Conditional Epitope Tagging of Endogenous G-Protein-Coupled Receptors in Drosophila. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e2377232024. [PMID: 38937100 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2377-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
To visualize the cellular and subcellular localization of neuromodulatory G-protein-coupled receptors in Drosophila, we implement a molecular strategy recently used to add epitope tags to ionotropic receptors at their endogenous loci. Leveraging evolutionary conservation to identify sites more likely to permit insertion of a tag, we generated constitutive and conditional tagged alleles for Drosophila 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, Oct β 1R, Oct β 2R, two isoforms of OAMB, and mGluR The conditional alleles allow for the restricted expression of tagged receptor in specific cell types, an option not available for any previous reagents to label these proteins. We show expression patterns for these receptors in female brains and that 5-HT1A and 5-HT2B localize to the mushroom bodies (MBs) and central complex, respectively, as predicted by their roles in sleep. By contrast, the unexpected enrichment of Octβ1R in the central complex and of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A to nerve terminals in lobular columnar cells in the visual system suggest new hypotheses about their functions at these sites. Using an additional tagged allele of the serotonin transporter, a marker of serotonergic tracts, we demonstrate diverse spatial relationships between postsynaptic 5-HT receptors and presynaptic 5-HT neurons, consistent with the importance of both synaptic and volume transmission. Finally, we use the conditional allele of 5-HT1A to show that it localizes to distinct sites within the MBs as both a postsynaptic receptor in Kenyon cells and a presynaptic autoreceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivan L Bonanno
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Piero Sanfilippo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Aditya Eamani
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Maureen M Sampson
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Binu Kandagedon
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Kenneth Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Giselle D Burns
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Marylyn E Makar
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - S Lawrence Zipursky
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - David E Krantz
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
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2
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Bucher ML, Dicent J, Duarte Hospital C, Miller GW. Neurotoxicology of dopamine: Victim or assailant? Neurotoxicology 2024; 103:175-188. [PMID: 38857676 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Since the identification of dopamine as a neurotransmitter in the mid-20th century, investigators have examined the regulation of dopamine homeostasis at a basic biological level and in human disorders. Genetic animal models that manipulate the expression of proteins involved in dopamine homeostasis have provided key insight into the consequences of dysregulated dopamine. As a result, we have come to understand the potential of dopamine to act as an endogenous neurotoxin through the generation of reactive oxygen species and reactive metabolites that can damage cellular macromolecules. Endogenous factors, such as genetic variation and subcellular processes, and exogenous factors, such as environmental exposures, have been identified as contributors to the dysregulation of dopamine homeostasis. Given the variety of dysregulating factors that impact dopamine homeostasis and the potential for dopamine itself to contribute to further cellular dysfunction, dopamine can be viewed as both the victim and an assailant of neurotoxicity. Parkinson's disease has emerged as the exemplar case study of dopamine dysregulation due to the genetic and environmental factors known to contribute to disease risk, and due to the evidence of dysregulated dopamine as a pathologic and pathogenic feature of the disease. This review, inspired by the talk, "Dopamine in Durham: location, location, location" presented by Dr. Miller for the Jacob Hooisma Memorial Lecture at the International Neurotoxicology Association meeting in 2023, offers a primer on dopamine toxicity covering endogenous and exogenous factors that disrupt dopamine homeostasis and the actions of dopamine as an endogenous neurotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan L Bucher
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jocelyn Dicent
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Carolina Duarte Hospital
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Gary W Miller
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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3
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Selcho M. Octopamine in the mushroom body circuitry for learning and memory. Learn Mem 2024; 31:a053839. [PMID: 38862169 PMCID: PMC11199948 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053839.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Octopamine, the functional analog of noradrenaline, modulates many different behaviors and physiological processes in invertebrates. In the central nervous system, a few octopaminergic neurons project throughout the brain and innervate almost all neuropils. The center of memory formation in insects, the mushroom bodies, receive octopaminergic innervations in all insects investigated so far. Different octopamine receptors, either increasing or decreasing cAMP or calcium levels in the cell, are localized in Kenyon cells, further supporting the release of octopamine in the mushroom bodies. In addition, different mushroom body (MB) output neurons, projection neurons, and dopaminergic PAM cells are targets of octopaminergic neurons, enabling the modulation of learning circuits at different neural sites. For some years, the theory persisted that octopamine mediates rewarding stimuli, whereas dopamine (DA) represents aversive stimuli. This simple picture has been challenged by the finding that DA is required for both appetitive and aversive learning. Furthermore, octopamine is also involved in aversive learning and a rather complex interaction between these biogenic amines seems to modulate learning and memory. This review summarizes the role of octopamine in MB function, focusing on the anatomical principles and the role of the biogenic amine in learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Selcho
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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4
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Bonanno SL, Sanfilippo P, Eamani A, Sampson MM, Binu K, Li K, Burns GD, Makar ME, Zipursky SL, Krantz DE. Constitutive and conditional epitope-tagging of endogenous G protein coupled receptors in Drosophila. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.27.573472. [PMID: 38234787 PMCID: PMC10793450 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.27.573472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
To visualize the cellular and subcellular localization of neuromodulatory G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) in Drosophila , we implement a molecular strategy recently used to add epitope tags to ionotropic receptors at their endogenous loci. Leveraging evolutionary conservation to identify sites more likely to permit insertion of a tag, we generated constitutive and conditional tagged alleles for Drosophila 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, Octβ1R, Octβ2R, two isoforms of OAMB, and mGluR. The conditional alleles allow for the restricted expression of tagged receptor in specific cell types, an option not available for any previous reagents to label these proteins. We show that 5-HT1A and 5-HT2B localize to the mushroom bodies and central complex respectively, as predicted by their roles in sleep. By contrast, the unexpected enrichment of Octβ1R in the central complex and of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A to nerve terminals in lobular columnar cells in the visual system suggest new hypotheses about their function at these sites. Using an additional tagged allele of the serotonin transporter, a marker of serotonergic tracts, we demonstrate diverse spatial relationships between postsynaptic 5-HT receptors and presynaptic 5-HT neurons, consistent with the importance of both synaptic and volume transmission. Finally, we use the conditional allele of 5-HT1A to show that it localizes to distinct sites within the mushroom bodies as both a postsynaptic receptor in Kenyon cells and a presynaptic autoreceptor. Significance Statement In Drosophila , despite remarkable advances in both connectomic and genomic studies, antibodies to many aminergic GPCRs are not available. We have overcome this obstacle using evolutionary conservation to identify loci in GPCRs amenable to epitope-tagging, and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to generated eight novel lines. This method also may be applied to other GPCRs and allows cell-specific expression of the tagged locus. We have used the tagged alleles we generated to address several questions that remain poorly understood. These include the relationship between pre- and post-synaptic sites that express the same receptor, and the use of relatively distant targets by pre-synaptic release sites that may employ volume transmission as well as standard synaptic signaling.
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Asuncion JD, Eamani A, Rohrbach EW, Knapp EM, Deshpande SA, Bonanno SL, Murphy JE, Lawal HO, Krantz DE. Precise CRISPR-Cas9-mediated mutation of a membrane trafficking domain in the Drosophila vesicular monoamine transporter gene. Curr Res Physiol 2023; 6:100101. [PMID: 37409154 PMCID: PMC10318446 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphys.2023.100101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoamine neurotransmitters such as noradrenalin are released from both synaptic vesicles (SVs) and large dense-core vesicles (LDCVs), the latter mediating extrasynaptic signaling. The contribution of synaptic versus extrasynaptic signaling to circuit function and behavior remains poorly understood. To address this question, we have previously used transgenes encoding a mutation in the Drosophila Vesicular Monoamine Transporter (dVMAT) that shifts amine release from SVs to LDCVs. To circumvent the use of transgenes with non-endogenous patterns of expression, we have now used CRISPR-Cas9 to generate a trafficking mutant in the endogenous dVMAT gene. To minimize disruption of the dVMAT coding sequence and a nearby RNA splice site, we precisely introduced a point mutation using single-stranded oligonucleotide repair. A predicted decrease in fertility was used as a phenotypic screen to identify founders in lieu of a visible marker. Phenotypic analysis revealed a defect in the ovulation of mature follicles and egg retention in the ovaries. We did not detect defects in the contraction of lateral oviducts following optogenetic stimulation of octopaminergic neurons. Our findings suggest that release of mature eggs from the ovary is disrupted by changing the balance of VMAT trafficking between SVs and LDCVs. Further experiments using this model will help determine the mechanisms that sensitize specific circuits to changes in synaptic versus extrasynaptic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D. Asuncion
- Medical Scientist Training Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- UCLA Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Aditya Eamani
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ethan W. Rohrbach
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- UCLA Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Knapp
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Sonali A. Deshpande
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Shivan L. Bonanno
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jeremy E. Murphy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA, 19901, USA
| | - Hakeem O. Lawal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA, 19901, USA
| | - David E. Krantz
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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6
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Rosikon KD, Bone MC, Lawal HO. Regulation and modulation of biogenic amine neurotransmission in Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans. Front Physiol 2023; 14:970405. [PMID: 36875033 PMCID: PMC9978017 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.970405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmitters are crucial for the relay of signals between neurons and their target. Monoamine neurotransmitters dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), and histamine are found in both invertebrates and mammals and are known to control key physiological aspects in health and disease. Others, such as octopamine (OA) and tyramine (TA), are abundant in invertebrates. TA is expressed in both Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster and plays important roles in the regulation of essential life functions in each organism. OA and TA are thought to act as the mammalian homologs of epinephrine and norepinephrine respectively, and when triggered, they act in response to the various stressors in the fight-or-flight response. 5-HT regulates a wide range of behaviors in C. elegans including egg-laying, male mating, locomotion, and pharyngeal pumping. 5-HT acts predominantly through its receptors, of which various classes have been described in both flies and worms. The adult brain of Drosophila is composed of approximately 80 serotonergic neurons, which are involved in modulation of circadian rhythm, feeding, aggression, and long-term memory formation. DA is a major monoamine neurotransmitter that mediates a variety of critical organismal functions and is essential for synaptic transmission in invertebrates as it is in mammals, in which it is also a precursor for the synthesis of adrenaline and noradrenaline. In C. elegans and Drosophila as in mammals, DA receptors play critical roles and are generally grouped into two classes, D1-like and D2-like based on their predicted coupling to downstream G proteins. Drosophila uses histamine as a neurotransmitter in photoreceptors as well as a small number of neurons in the CNS. C. elegans does not use histamine as a neurotransmitter. Here, we review the comprehensive set of known amine neurotransmitters found in invertebrates, and discuss their biological and modulatory functions using the vast literature on both Drosophila and C. elegans. We also suggest the potential interactions between aminergic neurotransmitters systems in the modulation of neurophysiological activity and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna D Rosikon
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, United States
| | - Megan C Bone
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, United States
| | - Hakeem O Lawal
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, United States
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7
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Weiss JT, Donlea JM. Sleep deprivation results in diverse patterns of synaptic scaling across the Drosophila mushroom bodies. Curr Biol 2021; 31:3248-3261.e3. [PMID: 34107302 PMCID: PMC8355077 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sleep is essential for a variety of plastic processes, including learning and memory. However, the consequences of insufficient sleep on circuit connectivity remain poorly understood. To better appreciate the effects of sleep loss on synaptic connectivity across a memory-encoding circuit, we examined changes in the distribution of synaptic markers in the Drosophila mushroom body (MB). Protein-trap tags for active zone components indicate that recent sleep time is inversely correlated with Bruchpilot (BRP) abundance in the MB lobes; sleep loss elevates BRP while sleep induction reduces BRP across the MB. Overnight sleep deprivation also elevated levels of dSyd-1 and Cacophony, but not other pre-synaptic proteins. Cell-type-specific genetic reporters show that MB-intrinsic Kenyon cells (KCs) exhibit increased pre-synaptic BRP throughout the axonal lobes after sleep deprivation; similar increases were not detected in projections from large interneurons or dopaminergic neurons that innervate the MB. These results indicate that pre-synaptic plasticity in KCs is responsible for elevated levels of BRP in the MB lobes of sleep-deprived flies. Because KCs provide synaptic inputs to several classes of post-synaptic partners, we next used a fluorescent reporter for synaptic contacts to test whether each class of KC output connections is scaled uniformly by sleep loss. The KC output synapses that we observed here can be divided into three classes: KCs to MB interneurons; KCs to dopaminergic neurons; and KCs to MB output neurons. No single class showed uniform scaling across each constituent member, indicating that different rules may govern plasticity during sleep loss across cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline T Weiss
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Donlea
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Zarubin M, Gangapshev A, Gavriljuk Y, Kazalov V, Kravchenko E. First transcriptome profiling of D. melanogaster after development in a deep underground low radiation background laboratory. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255066. [PMID: 34351964 PMCID: PMC8341612 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural background radiation is a permanent multicomponent factor. It has an influence on biological organisms, but effects of its deprivation still remain unclear. The aim of our work was to study for the first time responses of D. melanogaster to conditions of the Deep Underground Low-Background Laboratory DULB-4900 (BNO, INR, RAS, Russia) at the transcriptome level by RNA-seq profiling. Overall 77 transcripts demonstrated differential abundance between flies exposed to low and natural background radiation. Enriched biological process functional categories were established for all genes with differential expression. The results showed down-regulation of primary metabolic processes and up-regulation of both the immune system process and the response to stimuli. The comparative analysis of our data and publicly available transcriptome data on D. melanogaster exposed to low and high doses of ionizing radiation did not reveal common DEGs in them. We hypothesize that the observed changes in gene expression can be explained by the influence of the underground conditions in DULB-4900, in particular, by the lack of stimuli. Thus, our study challenges the validity of the LNT model for the region of background radiation doses below a certain level (~16.4 nGy h-1) and the presence of a dose threshold for D. melanogaster.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Albert Gangapshev
- Institute for Nuclear Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri Gavriljuk
- Institute for Nuclear Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Kazalov
- Institute for Nuclear Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Kravchenko
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, DLNP, Dubna, Russia
- * E-mail:
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9
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Vesicular neurotransmitter transporters in Drosophila melanogaster. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183308. [PMID: 32305263 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster express vesicular transporters for the storage of neurotransmitters acetylcholine, biogenic amines, GABA, and glutamate. The large array of powerful molecular-genetic tools available in Drosophila enhances the use of this model organism for studying transporter function and regulation.
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10
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White D, de Sousa Abreu RP, Blake A, Murphy J, Showell S, Kitamoto T, Lawal HO. Deficits in the vesicular acetylcholine transporter alter lifespan and behavior in adult Drosophila melanogaster. Neurochem Int 2020; 137:104744. [PMID: 32315665 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) is involved in critical organismal functions that include locomotion and cognition. Importantly, alterations in the cholinergic system are a key underlying factor in cognitive defects associated with aging. One essential component of cholinergic synaptic transmission is the vesicular ACh transporter (VAChT), which regulates the packaging of ACh into synaptic vesicles for extracellular release. Mutations that cause a reduction in either protein level or activity lead to diminished locomotion ability whereas complete loss of function of VAChT is lethal. While much is known about the function of VAChT, the direct role of altered ACh release and its association with either an impairment or an enhancement of cognitive function are still not fully understood. We hypothesize that point mutations in Vacht cause age-related deficits in cholinergic-mediated behaviors such as locomotion, and learning and memory. Using Drosophila melanogaster as a model system, we have studied several mutations within Vacht and observed their effect on survivability and locomotive behavior. Here we report for the first time a weak hypomorphic Vacht allele that shows a differential effect on ACh-linked behaviors. We also demonstrate that partially rescued Vacht point mutations cause an allele-dependent deficit in lifespan and defects in locomotion ability. Moreover, using a thorough data analytics strategy to identify exploratory behavioral patterns, we introduce new paradigms for measuring locomotion-related activities that could not be revealed or detected by a simple measure of the average speed alone. Together, our data indicate a role for VAChT in the maintenance of longevity and locomotion abilities in Drosophila and we provide additional measurements of locomotion that can be useful in determining subtle changes in Vacht function on locomotion-related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel White
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, 19901, USA
| | - Raquel P de Sousa Abreu
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Andrew Blake
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, 19901, USA
| | - Jeremy Murphy
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, 19901, USA
| | - Shardae Showell
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, 19901, USA
| | - Toshihiro Kitamoto
- Department of Anesthesia, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Hakeem O Lawal
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, 19901, USA.
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11
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Overexpression of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter disrupts cognitive performance and causes age-dependent locomotion decline in Drosophila. Mol Cell Neurosci 2020; 105:103483. [PMID: 32217162 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2020.103483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholinergic (ACh) neurotransmission is essential for key organismal functions such as locomotion and cognition. However, the mechanism through which ACh is regulated in the central nervous system is not fully understood. The vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) mediates the packaging and transport of ACh for exocytotic release and is a critical component of the ACh release machinery. Yet its precise role in the maintenance of cholinergic tone remains a subject of active investigation. Here we use the overexpression of VAChT as a tool to investigate the role of changes in ACh exocytosis on the regulation of synaptic activity and its downstream consequences. We measured the effect of an increase in VAChT expression on locomotion and cognitive performance as well as on organismal survival across the lifespan. We report the surprising finding that increased VAChT expression results in a significantly shorter lifespan in comparison to control flies. Moreover, constructs overexpressing VAChT demonstrate an age-dependent decrease in locomotion performance. Importantly, we report clear deficits in learning and memory which we measured through a courtship conditioning assay. Together, these data provide evidence for the adverse effects of overexpression of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter in the maintenance of normal behavioral abilities in Drosophila and demonstrates for the first time a role for ACh in the regulation of organismal survival.
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12
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Sherer LM, Catudio Garrett E, Morgan HR, Brewer ED, Sirrs LA, Shearin HK, Williams JL, McCabe BD, Stowers RS, Certel SJ. Octopamine neuron dependent aggression requires dVGLUT from dual-transmitting neurons. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008609. [PMID: 32097408 PMCID: PMC7059954 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromodulators such as monoamines are often expressed in neurons that also release at least one fast-acting neurotransmitter. The release of a combination of transmitters provides both "classical" and "modulatory" signals that could produce diverse and/or complementary effects in associated circuits. Here, we establish that the majority of Drosophila octopamine (OA) neurons are also glutamatergic and identify the individual contributions of each neurotransmitter on sex-specific behaviors. Males without OA display low levels of aggression and high levels of inter-male courtship. Males deficient for dVGLUT solely in OA-glutamate neurons (OGNs) also exhibit a reduction in aggression, but without a concurrent increase in inter-male courtship. Within OGNs, a portion of VMAT and dVGLUT puncta differ in localization suggesting spatial differences in OA signaling. Our findings establish a previously undetermined role for dVGLUT in OA neurons and suggests that glutamate uncouples aggression from OA-dependent courtship-related behavior. These results indicate that dual neurotransmission can increase the efficacy of individual neurotransmitters while maintaining unique functions within a multi-functional social behavior neuronal network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis M. Sherer
- Cellular, Molecular and Microbial Biology Graduate Program, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Catudio Garrett
- Cellular, Molecular and Microbial Biology Graduate Program, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
| | - Hannah R. Morgan
- Division of Biological Sciences, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
| | - Edmond D. Brewer
- Division of Biological Sciences, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
| | - Lucy A. Sirrs
- Division of Biological Sciences, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
| | - Harold K. Shearin
- Cell Biology and Neuroscience Department, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
| | - Jessica L. Williams
- Cell Biology and Neuroscience Department, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
| | - Brian D. McCabe
- Brain Mind Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - R. Steven Stowers
- Cell Biology and Neuroscience Department, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
| | - Sarah J. Certel
- Cellular, Molecular and Microbial Biology Graduate Program, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
- Division of Biological Sciences, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
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13
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Tao J, Bulgari D, Berkhoudt DA, Calderon MJ, Watkins SC, Fonseca Velez HJ, Sabeva N, Deitcher DL, Levitan ES. Drosophila Ptp4E regulates vesicular packaging for monoamine-neuropeptide co-transmission. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.224568. [PMID: 30837287 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.224568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many neurons influence their targets through co-release of neuropeptides and small-molecule transmitters. Neuropeptides are packaged into dense-core vesicles (DCVs) in the soma and then transported to synapses, while small-molecule transmitters such as monoamines are packaged by vesicular transporters that function at synapses. These separate packaging mechanisms point to activity, by inducing co-release as the sole scaler of co-transmission. Based on screening in Drosophila for increased presynaptic neuropeptides, the receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase (Rptp) Ptp4E was found to post-transcriptionally regulate neuropeptide content in single DCVs at octopamine synapses. This occurs without changing neuropeptide release efficiency, transport and DCV size measured by both stimulated emission depletion super-resolution and transmission electron microscopy. Ptp4E also controls the presynaptic abundance and activity of the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT), which packages monoamine transmitters for synaptic release. Thus, rather than rely on altering electrical activity, the Rptp regulates packaging underlying monoamine-neuropeptide co-transmission by controlling vesicular membrane transporter and luminal neuropeptide content.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tao
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Dinara Bulgari
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Drew A Berkhoudt
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Michael J Calderon
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Simon C Watkins
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Hector J Fonseca Velez
- Department of Neuroscience, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, Puerto Rico 00960, USA
| | - Nadezhda Sabeva
- Department of Neuroscience, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, Puerto Rico 00960, USA
| | - David L Deitcher
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Edwin S Levitan
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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14
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Ormerod KG, Jung J, Mercier AJ. Modulation of neuromuscular synapses and contraction in Drosophila 3rd instar larvae. J Neurogenet 2018; 32:183-194. [PMID: 30303434 DOI: 10.1080/01677063.2018.1502761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Over the past four decades, Drosophila melanogaster has become an increasingly important model system for studying the modulation of chemical synapses and muscle contraction by cotransmitters and neurohormones. This review describes how advantages provided by Drosophila have been utilized to investigate synaptic modulation, and it discusses key findings from investigations of cotransmitters and neurohormones that act on body wall muscles of 3rd instar Drosophila larvae. These studies have contributed much to our understanding of how neuromuscular systems are modulated by neuropeptides and biogenic amines, but there are still gaps in relating these peripheral modulatory effects to behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiel G Ormerod
- a Department of Biology , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , MA , USA
| | - JaeHwan Jung
- b Department of Biological Sciences , Brock University , St. Catharines , Canada
| | - A Joffre Mercier
- b Department of Biological Sciences , Brock University , St. Catharines , Canada
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15
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Iacobucci GJ, Gunawardena S. Ethanol stimulates the in vivo axonal movement of neuropeptide dense-core vesicles in Drosophila motor neurons. J Neurochem 2017; 144:466-482. [PMID: 28960313 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Proper neuronal function requires essential biological cargoes to be packaged within membranous vesicles and transported, intracellularly, through the extensive outgrowth of axonal and dendritic fibers. The precise spatiotemporal movement of these cargoes is vital for neuronal survival and, thus, is highly regulated. In this study we test how the axonal movement of a neuropeptide-containing dense-core vesicle (DCV) responds to alcohol stressors. We found that ethanol induces a strong anterograde bias in vesicle movement. Low doses of ethanol stimulate the anterograde movement of neuropeptide-DCV while high doses inhibit bi-directional movement. This process required the presence of functional kinesin-1 motors as reduction in kinesin prevented the ethanol-induced stimulation of the anterograde movement of neuropeptide-DCV. Furthermore, expression of inactive glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3β) also prevented ethanol-induced stimulation of neuropeptide-DCV movement, similar to pharmacological inhibition of GSK-3β with lithium. Conversely, inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling with wortmannin led to a partial prevention of ethanol-stimulated transport of neuropeptide-DCV. Taken together, we conclude that GSK-3β signaling mediates the stimulatory effects of ethanol. Therefore, our study provides new insight into the physiological response of the axonal movement of neuropeptide-DCV to exogenous stressors. Cover Image for this Issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.14165.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary J Iacobucci
- Department of Biological Sciences, the State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Shermali Gunawardena
- Department of Biological Sciences, the State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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16
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Aguilar JI, Dunn M, Mingote S, Karam CS, Farino ZJ, Sonders MS, Choi SJ, Grygoruk A, Zhang Y, Cela C, Choi BJ, Flores J, Freyberg RJ, McCabe BD, Mosharov EV, Krantz DE, Javitch JA, Sulzer D, Sames D, Rayport S, Freyberg Z. Neuronal Depolarization Drives Increased Dopamine Synaptic Vesicle Loading via VGLUT. Neuron 2017; 95:1074-1088.e7. [PMID: 28823729 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The ability of presynaptic dopamine terminals to tune neurotransmitter release to meet the demands of neuronal activity is critical to neurotransmission. Although vesicle content has been assumed to be static, in vitro data increasingly suggest that cell activity modulates vesicle content. Here, we use a coordinated genetic, pharmacological, and imaging approach in Drosophila to study the presynaptic machinery responsible for these vesicular processes in vivo. We show that cell depolarization increases synaptic vesicle dopamine content prior to release via vesicular hyperacidification. This depolarization-induced hyperacidification is mediated by the vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT). Remarkably, both depolarization-induced dopamine vesicle hyperacidification and its dependence on VGLUT2 are seen in ventral midbrain dopamine neurons in the mouse. Together, these data suggest that in response to depolarization, dopamine vesicles utilize a cascade of vesicular transporters to dynamically increase the vesicular pH gradient, thereby increasing dopamine vesicle content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny I Aguilar
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Matthew Dunn
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Susana Mingote
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Caline S Karam
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Zachary J Farino
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Mark S Sonders
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Se Joon Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Anna Grygoruk
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yuchao Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Carolina Cela
- Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ben Jiwon Choi
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jorge Flores
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Robin J Freyberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | - Eugene V Mosharov
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - David E Krantz
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jonathan A Javitch
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pharmacology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - David Sulzer
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pharmacology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Dalibor Sames
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Stephen Rayport
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Zachary Freyberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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17
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Tao J, Bulgari D, Deitcher DL, Levitan ES. Limited distal organelles and synaptic function in extensive monoaminergic innervation. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:2520-2529. [PMID: 28600320 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.201111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Organelles such as neuropeptide-containing dense-core vesicles (DCVs) and mitochondria travel down axons to supply synaptic boutons. DCV distribution among en passant boutons in small axonal arbors is mediated by circulation with bidirectional capture. However, it is not known how organelles are distributed in extensive arbors associated with mammalian dopamine neuron vulnerability, and with volume transmission and neuromodulation by monoamines and neuropeptides. Therefore, we studied presynaptic organelle distribution in Drosophila octopamine neurons that innervate ∼20 muscles with ∼1500 boutons. Unlike in smaller arbors, distal boutons in these arbors contain fewer DCVs and mitochondria, although active zones are present. Absence of vesicle circulation is evident by proximal nascent DCV delivery, limited impact of retrograde transport and older distal DCVs. Traffic studies show that DCV axonal transport and synaptic capture are not scaled for extensive innervation, thus limiting distal delivery. Activity-induced synaptic endocytosis and synaptic neuropeptide release are also reduced distally. We propose that limits in organelle transport and synaptic capture compromise distal synapse maintenance and function in extensive axonal arbors, thereby affecting development, plasticity and vulnerability to neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tao
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Dinara Bulgari
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - David L Deitcher
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Edwin S Levitan
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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18
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Hosaka Y, Inoshita T, Shiba-Fukushima K, Cui C, Arano T, Imai Y, Hattori N. Reduced TDP-43 Expression Improves Neuronal Activities in a Drosophila Model of Perry Syndrome. EBioMedicine 2017. [PMID: 28625517 PMCID: PMC5514405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinsonian Perry syndrome, involving mutations in the dynein motor component dynactin or p150Glued, is characterized by TDP-43 pathology in affected brain regions, including the substantia nigra. However, the molecular relationship between p150Glued and TDP-43 is largely unknown. Here, we report that a reduction in TDP-43 protein levels alleviates the synaptic defects of neurons expressing the Perry mutant p150G50R in Drosophila. Dopaminergic expression of p150G50R, which decreases dopamine release, disrupts motor ability and reduces the lifespan of Drosophila. p150G50R expression also causes aggregation of dense core vesicles (DCVs), which contain monoamines and neuropeptides, and disrupts the axonal flow of DCVs, thus decreasing synaptic strength. The above phenotypes associated with Perry syndrome are improved by the removal of a copy of Drosophila TDP-43 TBPH, thus suggesting that the stagnation of axonal transport by dynactin mutations promotes TDP-43 aggregation and interferes with the dynamics of DCVs and synaptic activities. Fly model of Perry syndrome exhibits motor disturbance and impaired dopamine release. Perry mutation in dynactin produces aggregation of dense core vesicles (DCVs) in axons and disrupts axonal flux of DCVs. Removal of a copy of the TDP-43 gene improves retrograde flux of DCVs.
Parkinsonian Perry syndrome (PS), caused by mutations in a component of the retrograde transport complex, Dynactin, is pathologically characterized by the accumulation of an RNA-binding protein, TDP-43, in affected neurons. The neuronal accumulation of TDP-43 is observed in various neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. We report that decreased TDP-43 expression improves defects in the axonal transport of dense core vesicles and in the dopamine release in a Drosophila PS model. This study provides insight into the possibility that a transient decrease in TDP-43 in neurons may be a promising therapeutic approach for treating neurodegenerative disorders associated with TDP-43 pathology, including PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Hosaka
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Inoshita
- Department of Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuro-intractable Disease, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kahori Shiba-Fukushima
- Department of Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuro-intractable Disease, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Changxu Cui
- Department of Research for Parkinson's Disease, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Taku Arano
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Imai
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Department of Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuro-intractable Disease, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Department of Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuro-intractable Disease, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Department of Research for Parkinson's Disease, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
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19
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Immunolocalization of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter in larval and adult Drosophila neurons. Neurosci Lett 2017; 643:76-83. [PMID: 28188850 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) function is essential for organismal survival, mediating the packaging of acetylcholine (ACh) for exocytotic release. However, its expression pattern in the Drosophila brain has not been fully elucidated. To investigate the localization of VAChT, we developed an antibody against the C terminal region of the protein and we show that this antibody recognizes a 65KDa protein corresponding to VAChT on an immunoblot in both Drosophila head homogenates and in Schneider 2 cells. Further, we report for the first time the expression of VAChT in the antennal lobe and ventral nerve cord of Drosophila larva; and we independently confirm the expression of the protein in mushroom bodies and optic lobes of adult Drosophila. Importantly, we show that VAChT co-localizes with a synaptic vesicle marker in vivo, confirming previous reports of the localization of VAChT to synaptic terminals. Together, these findings help establish the vesicular localization of VAChT in cholinergic neurons in Drosophila and present an important molecular tool with which to dissect the function of the transporter in vivo.
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20
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Freyberg Z, Sonders MS, Aguilar JI, Hiranita T, Karam CS, Flores J, Pizzo AB, Zhang Y, Farino ZJ, Chen A, Martin CA, Kopajtic TA, Fei H, Hu G, Lin YY, Mosharov EV, McCabe BD, Freyberg R, Wimalasena K, Hsin LW, Sames D, Krantz DE, Katz JL, Sulzer D, Javitch JA. Mechanisms of amphetamine action illuminated through optical monitoring of dopamine synaptic vesicles in Drosophila brain. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10652. [PMID: 26879809 PMCID: PMC4757768 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Amphetamines elevate extracellular dopamine, but the underlying mechanisms remain uncertain. Here we show in rodents that acute pharmacological inhibition of the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) blocks amphetamine-induced locomotion and self-administration without impacting cocaine-induced behaviours. To study VMAT's role in mediating amphetamine action in dopamine neurons, we have used novel genetic, pharmacological and optical approaches in Drosophila melanogaster. In an ex vivo whole-brain preparation, fluorescent reporters of vesicular cargo and of vesicular pH reveal that amphetamine redistributes vesicle contents and diminishes the vesicle pH-gradient responsible for dopamine uptake and retention. This amphetamine-induced deacidification requires VMAT function and results from net H+ antiport by VMAT out of the vesicle lumen coupled to inward amphetamine transport. Amphetamine-induced vesicle deacidification also requires functional dopamine transporter (DAT) at the plasma membrane. Thus, we find that at pharmacologically relevant concentrations, amphetamines must be actively transported by DAT and VMAT in tandem to produce psychostimulant effects. Amphetamines are known to enhance extracellular dopamine levels, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Utilising a new pH biosensor for synaptic vesicles, the authors show that amphetamines diminish vesicle pH gradients, disrupting dopamine packaging and leading to increased neurotransmitter release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Freyberg
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians &Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA.,Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Mark S Sonders
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians &Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA.,Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10032, USA.,Department of Neurology, College of Physicians &Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Jenny I Aguilar
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians &Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA.,Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Takato Hiranita
- Psychobiology Section, Intramural Research Program, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Caline S Karam
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians &Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA.,Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Jorge Flores
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, College of Physicians &Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Andrea B Pizzo
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians &Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA.,Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Yuchao Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians &Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA.,Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Zachary J Farino
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians &Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA.,Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Audrey Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Ciara A Martin
- UCLA Interdepartmental Program in Molecular Toxicology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Theresa A Kopajtic
- Psychobiology Section, Intramural Research Program, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Hao Fei
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Gang Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Yi-Ying Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Republic of China 10055
| | - Eugene V Mosharov
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians &Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Brian D McCabe
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, College of Physicians &Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians &Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, College of Physicians &Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Robin Freyberg
- Department of Psychology, Stern College for Women, Yeshiva University, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | | | - Ling-Wei Hsin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Republic of China 10055
| | - Dalibor Sames
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - David E Krantz
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Jonathan L Katz
- Psychobiology Section, Intramural Research Program, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - David Sulzer
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians &Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA.,Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10032, USA.,Department of Neurology, College of Physicians &Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Physicians &Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Jonathan A Javitch
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians &Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA.,Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10032, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Physicians &Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
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21
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Martin CA, Myers KM, Chen A, Martin NT, Barajas A, Schweizer FE, Krantz DE. Ziram, a pesticide associated with increased risk for Parkinson's disease, differentially affects the presynaptic function of aminergic and glutamatergic nerve terminals at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction. Exp Neurol 2016; 275 Pt 1:232-41. [PMID: 26439313 PMCID: PMC4688233 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Multiple populations of aminergic neurons are affected in Parkinson's disease (PD), with serotonergic and noradrenergic loci responsible for some non-motor symptoms. Environmental toxins, such as the dithiocarbamate fungicide ziram, significantly increase the risk of developing PD and the attendant spectrum of both motor and non-motor symptoms. The mechanisms by which ziram and other environmental toxins increase the risk of PD, and the potential effects of these toxins on aminergic neurons, remain unclear. To determine the relative effects of ziram on the synaptic function of aminergic versus non-aminergic neurons, we used live-imaging at the Drosophila melanogaster larval neuromuscular junction (NMJ). In contrast to nearly all other studies of this model synapse, we imaged presynaptic function at both glutamatergic Type Ib and aminergic Type II boutons, the latter responsible for storage and release of octopamine, the invertebrate equivalent of noradrenalin. To quantify the kinetics of exo- and endo-cytosis, we employed an acid-sensitive form of GFP fused to the Drosophila vesicular monoamine transporter (DVMAT-pHluorin). Additional genetic probes were used to visualize intracellular calcium flux (GCaMP) and voltage changes (ArcLight). We find that at glutamatergic Type Ib terminals, exposure to ziram increases exocytosis and inhibits endocytosis. By contrast, at octopaminergic Type II terminals, ziram has no detectable effect on exocytosis and dramatically inhibits endocytosis. In contrast to other reports on the neuronal effects of ziram, these effects do not appear to result from perturbation of the Ubiquitin Proteasome System (UPS) or calcium homeostasis. Unexpectedly, ziram also caused spontaneous and synchronized bursts of calcium influx (measured by GCaMP) and electrical activity (measured by ArcLight) at aminergic Type II, but not glutamatergic Type Ib, nerve terminals. These events are sensitive to both tetrodotoxin and cadmium chloride, and thus appear to represent spontaneous depolarizations followed by calcium influx into Type II terminals. We speculate that the differential effects of ziram on Type II versus Type Ib terminals may be relevant to the specific sensitivity of aminergic neurons in PD, and suggest that changes in neuronal excitability could contribute to the increased risk for PD caused by exposure to ziram. We also suggest that the fly NMJ will be useful to explore the synaptic effects of other pesticides associated with an increased risk of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara A Martin
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; UCLA Interdepartmental Program in Molecular Toxicology, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
| | - Katherine M Myers
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; UCLA Interdepartmental Program for Neuroscience, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
| | - Audrey Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
| | - Nathan T Martin
- UCLA Biomedical Physics Interdepartmental Graduate Program, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
| | - Angel Barajas
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
| | - Felix E Schweizer
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; UCLA Interdepartmental Program for Neuroscience, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
| | - David E Krantz
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; UCLA Interdepartmental Program in Molecular Toxicology, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; UCLA Interdepartmental Program for Neuroscience, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
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22
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Majdi S, Berglund EC, Dunevall J, Oleinick AI, Amatore C, Krantz DE, Ewing AG. Electrochemical Measurements of Optogenetically Stimulated Quantal Amine Release from Single Nerve Cell Varicosities in Drosophila Larvae. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:13609-12. [PMID: 26387683 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201506743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The nerve terminals found in the body wall of Drosophila melanogaster larvae are readily accessible to experimental manipulation. We used the light-activated ion channel, channelrhodopsin-2, which is expressed by genetic manipulation in Type II varicosities to study octopamine release in Drosophila. We report the development of a method to measure neurotransmitter release from exocytosis events at individual varicosities in the Drosophila larval system by amperometry. A microelectrode was placed in a region of the muscle containing a varicosity and held at a potential sufficient to oxidize octopamine and the terminal stimulated by blue light. Optical stimulation of Type II boutons evokes exocytosis of octopamine, which is detected through oxidization at the electrode surface. We observe 22700±4200 molecules of octopamine released per vesicle. This system provides a genetically accessible platform to study the regulation of amine release at an intact synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soodabeh Majdi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology Department, Kemivägen 10, 41296 Gothenburg (Sweden)
| | - E Carina Berglund
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296 Gothenburg (Sweden)
| | - Johan Dunevall
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology Department, Kemivägen 10, 41296 Gothenburg (Sweden)
| | - Alexander I Oleinick
- Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, Département de Chimie, Sorbonne Universités-UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8640 PASTEUR, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris (France)
| | - Christian Amatore
- Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, Département de Chimie, Sorbonne Universités-UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8640 PASTEUR, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris (France)
| | - David E Krantz
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Gonda Center for Neuroscience and Genetics Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (USA)
| | - Andrew G Ewing
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology Department, Kemivägen 10, 41296 Gothenburg (Sweden). .,Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296 Gothenburg (Sweden).
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23
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Majdi S, Berglund EC, Dunevall J, Oleinick AI, Amatore C, Krantz DE, Ewing AG. Electrochemical Measurements of Optogenetically Stimulated Quantal Amine Release from Single Nerve Cell Varicosities inDrosophilaLarvae. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201506743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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24
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Olfactory neuromodulation of motion vision circuitry in Drosophila. Curr Biol 2015; 25:467-72. [PMID: 25619767 PMCID: PMC4331282 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that perception is largely multisensory [1]; often served by modalities such as touch, vision, and hearing that detect stimuli emanating from a common point in space [2, 3]; and processed by brain tissue maps that are spatially aligned [4]. However, the neural interactions among modalities that share no spatial stimulus domain yet are essential for robust perception within noisy environments remain uncharacterized. Drosophila melanogaster makes its living navigating food odor plumes. Odor acts to increase the strength of gaze-stabilizing optomotor reflexes [5] to keep the animal aligned within an invisible plume, facilitating odor localization in free flight [6–8]. Here, we investigate the cellular mechanism for cross-modal behavioral interactions. We characterize a wide-field motion-selective interneuron of the lobula plate that shares anatomical and physiological similarities with the “Hx” neuron identified in larger flies [9, 10]. Drosophila Hx exhibits cross-modal enhancement of visual responses by paired odor, and presynaptic inputs to the lobula plate are required for behavioral odor tracking but are not themselves the target of odor modulation, nor is the neighboring wide-field “HSE” neuron [11]. Octopaminergic neurons mediating increased visual responses upon flight initiation [12] also show odor-evoked calcium modulations and form connections with Hx dendrites. Finally, restoring synaptic vesicle trafficking within the octopaminergic neurons of animals carrying a null mutation for all aminergic signaling [13] is sufficient to restore odor-tracking behavior. These results are the first to demonstrate cellular mechanisms underlying visual-olfactory integration required for odor localization in fruit flies, which may be representative of adaptive multisensory interactions across taxa. Small-field motion detection neurons are required for odor-tracking behavior Responses of a directional wide-field interneuron (Hx) increase with paired odor Odor activates octopaminergic (OA) neurons that innervate the visual system OA cells contact Hx; OA vesicle trafficking is required for odor-tracking behavior
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