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Kikuchi S, Iwasaki Y, Yoshioka M, Hino K, Morita SY, Tada R, Uchimura Y, Kubo Y, Kobayashi T, Kinoshita Y, Hayashi M, Furusho Y, Tamiaki H, Ishiyama H, Kuroda M, Udagawa J. Solitary and Synergistic Effects of Different Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Phospholipid Moieties on Rat Behaviors. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:762. [PMID: 38931883 PMCID: PMC11207216 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycerophospholipids have hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties. Previous studies suggest that phospholipids with different moieties have different effects on rodent behavior; however, the relationship between chemical structures and behavioral effects remains unclear. To clarify the functions of phospholipid moieties, we injected male rats with phospholipids with different moieties and conducted behavioral tests. Exploratory activity was reduced by phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)(18:0/22:6) but not PE(18:0/18:0) or PE(18:0/20:4). Conversely, exploratory activity was increased by plasmanyl PE(16:0/22:6), which harbors an alkyl-ether linkage, but not by phosphatidylcholine (PC)(16:0/22:6) or plasmanyl PC(16:0/22:6). Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)(22:6) and an alkyl-ether linkage in PE were thus postulated to be involved in exploratory activity. Anxiety-like behavior was reduced by plasmenyl PC(18:0/20:4), which harbors a vinyl-ether linkage, but not by PC(18:0/20:4) or plasmanyl PC(18:0/20:4), suggesting the anxiolytic effects of vinyl-ether linkage. The activation of social interaction was suppressed by PE(18:0/18:0), PE(18:0/22:6), PC(16:0/22:6), plasmanyl PE(16:0/22:6), and plasmanyl PC(16:0/22:6) but not by PE(18:0/20:4), plasmenyl PE(18:0/20:4), or plasmanyl PC(18:0/22:6). DHA may suppress social interaction, whereas arachidonic acid(20:4) or a combination of alkyl-ether linkage and stearic acid(18:0) may restore social deficits. Our findings indicate the characteristic effects of different phospholipid moieties on rat behavior, and may help to elucidate patterns between chemical structures and their effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Kikuchi
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Shiga, Japan; (S.K.); (Y.U.); (M.K.)
| | - Yugo Iwasaki
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, Japan;
| | - Mina Yoshioka
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Shiga, Japan; (S.K.); (Y.U.); (M.K.)
| | - Kodai Hino
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Shiga, Japan; (S.K.); (Y.U.); (M.K.)
| | - Shin-ya Morita
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Shiga, Japan;
| | - Ryu Tada
- Molecular Engineering Institute, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Shiga, Japan;
| | - Yasuhiro Uchimura
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Shiga, Japan; (S.K.); (Y.U.); (M.K.)
| | - Yoshinori Kubo
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Shiga, Japan; (S.K.); (Y.U.); (M.K.)
| | - Tomoya Kobayashi
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Shiga, Japan; (S.K.); (Y.U.); (M.K.)
| | - Yusuke Kinoshita
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Shiga, Japan; (Y.K.); (H.T.)
| | - Masahiro Hayashi
- Department of Marine Biology and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Miyazaki, Japan;
| | - Yoshio Furusho
- Department of Chemistry, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Shiga, Japan; (Y.K.); (H.T.)
| | - Hiroaki Ishiyama
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Shiga, Japan; (S.K.); (Y.U.); (M.K.)
| | - Minoru Kuroda
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Shiga, Japan; (S.K.); (Y.U.); (M.K.)
| | - Jun Udagawa
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Shiga, Japan; (S.K.); (Y.U.); (M.K.)
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Laule C, Sayar-Atasoy N, Aklan I, Kim H, Ates T, Davis D, Atasoy D. Stress integration by an ascending adrenergic-melanocortin circuit. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024:10.1038/s41386-024-01810-9. [PMID: 38326456 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01810-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Stress is thought to be an important contributing factor for eating disorders; however, neural substrates underlying the complex relationship between stress and appetite are not fully understood. Using in vivo recordings from awake behaving mice, we show that various acute stressors activate catecholaminergic nucleus tractus solitarius (NTSTH) projections in the paraventricular hypothalamus (PVH). Remarkably, the resulting adrenergic tone inhibits MC4R-expressing neurons (PVHMC4R), which are known for their role in feeding suppression. We found that PVHMC4R silencing encodes negative valence in sated mice and is required for avoidance induced by visceral malaise. Collectively, these findings establish PVHMC4R neurons as an effector of stress-activated brainstem adrenergic input in addition to the well-established hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Convergent modulation of stress and feeding by PVHMC4R neurons implicates NTSTH → PVHMC4R input in stress-associated appetite disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Laule
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Nilufer Sayar-Atasoy
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Iltan Aklan
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Hyojin Kim
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Tayfun Ates
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Debbie Davis
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Deniz Atasoy
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center (FOEDRC), Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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