1
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Eye movement abnormalities in neurodegenerative langerhans cell histiocytosis. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:6539-6546. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06180-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Avila E, Flierman NA, Holland PJ, Roelfsema PR, Frens MA, Badura A, De Zeeuw CI. Purkinje Cell Activity in the Medial and Lateral Cerebellum During Suppression of Voluntary Eye Movements in Rhesus Macaques. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:863181. [PMID: 35573834 PMCID: PMC9096024 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.863181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Volitional suppression of responses to distracting external stimuli enables us to achieve our goals. This volitional inhibition of a specific behavior is supposed to be mainly mediated by the cerebral cortex. However, recent evidence supports the involvement of the cerebellum in this process. It is currently not known whether different parts of the cerebellar cortex play differential or synergistic roles in the planning and execution of this behavior. Here, we measured Purkinje cell (PC) responses in the medial and lateral cerebellum in two rhesus macaques during pro- and anti-saccade tasks. During an antisaccade trial, non-human primates (NHPs) were instructed to make a saccadic eye movement away from a target, rather than toward it, as in prosaccade trials. Our data show that the cerebellum plays an important role not only during the execution of the saccades but also during the volitional inhibition of eye movements toward the target. Simple spike (SS) modulation during the instruction and execution periods of pro- and anti-saccades was prominent in PCs of both the medial and lateral cerebellum. However, only the SS activity in the lateral cerebellar cortex contained information about stimulus identity and showed a strong reciprocal interaction with complex spikes (CSs). Moreover, the SS activity of different PC groups modulated bidirectionally in both of regions, but the PCs that showed facilitating and suppressive activity were predominantly associated with instruction and execution, respectively. These findings show that different cerebellar regions and PC groups contribute to goal-directed behavior and volitional inhibition, but with different propensities, highlighting the rich repertoire of the cerebellar control in executive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Avila
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nico A. Flierman
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter J. Holland
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Pieter R. Roelfsema
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Aleksandra Badura
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Aleksandra Badura,
| | - Chris I. De Zeeuw
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Chris I. De Zeeuw,
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Cheviet A, Masselink J, Koun E, Salemme R, Lappe M, Froment-Tilikete C, Pélisson D. Cerebellar Signals Drive Motor Adjustments and Visual Perceptual Changes during Forward and Backward Adaptation of Reactive Saccades. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:3896-3916. [PMID: 34979550 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Saccadic adaptation ($SA$) is a cerebellar-dependent learning of motor commands ($MC$), which aims at preserving saccade accuracy. Since $SA$ alters visual localization during fixation and even more so across saccades, it could also involve changes of target and/or saccade visuospatial representations, the latter ($CDv$) resulting from a motor-to-visual transformation (forward dynamics model) of the corollary discharge of the $MC$. In the present study, we investigated if, in addition to its established role in adaptive adjustment of $MC$, the cerebellum could contribute to the adaptation-associated perceptual changes. Transfer of backward and forward adaptation to spatial perceptual performance (during ocular fixation and trans-saccadically) was assessed in eight cerebellar patients and eight healthy volunteers. In healthy participants, both types of $SA$ altered $MC$ as well as internal representations of the saccade target and of the saccadic eye displacement. In patients, adaptation-related adjustments of $MC$ and adaptation transfer to localization were strongly reduced relative to healthy participants, unraveling abnormal adaptation-related changes of target and $CDv$. Importantly, the estimated changes of $CDv$ were totally abolished following forward session but mainly preserved in backward session, suggesting that an internal model ensuring trans-saccadic localization could be located in the adaptation-related cerebellar networks or in downstream networks, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Cheviet
- IMPACT Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron cedex 69676, France
| | - Jana Masselink
- Institute for Psychology and Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Eric Koun
- IMPACT Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron cedex 69676, France
| | - Roméo Salemme
- IMPACT Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron cedex 69676, France
| | - Markus Lappe
- Institute for Psychology and Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Caroline Froment-Tilikete
- IMPACT Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron cedex 69676, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon - Pierre-Wertheimer Hospital, Neuro-Ophtalmology unit, Bron cedex 69500, France
| | - Denis Pélisson
- IMPACT Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron cedex 69676, France
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Tacyildiz AE, Bilgin B, Gungor A, Ucer M, Karadag A, Tanriover N. Dentate Nucleus: Connectivity-Based Anatomic Parcellation Based on Superior Cerebellar Peduncle Projections. World Neurosurg 2021; 152:e408-e428. [PMID: 34062299 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.05.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Projections from the dentate nucleus (DN) follow a certain organized course to upper levels. Crossing and noncrossing fibers of the dentatorubrothalamic (DRT) tract terminate in the red nucleus and thalamus and have various connections throughout the cerebral cortex. We aimed to establish the microsurgical anatomy of the DN in relation to its efferent connections to complement the increased recognition of its surgical importance and also to provide an insight into the network-associated symptoms related to lesions and microsurgery in and around the region. METHODS The cerebellum, DN, and superior cerebellar peduncle (SCP) en route to red nucleus were examined through fiber dissections from the anterior, posterior, and lateral sides to define the connections of the DN and its relationships with adjacent neural structures. RESULTS The DN was anatomically divided into 4 areas based on its relation to the SCP; the lateral major, lateral anterosuperior, posteromedial, and anteromedial compartments. Most of the fibers originating from the lateral compartments were involved in the decussation of the SCP. The ventral fibers originating from the lateral anterosuperior compartment were exclusively involved in the decussation. The fibers from the posteromedial compartment ascended ipsilaterally and decussated, whereas most anteromedial fibers ascended ipsilaterally and did not participate in the decussation. CONCLUSIONS Clarifying the anatomofunctional organization of the DN in relation to the SCP could improve microneurosurgical results by reducing the complication rates during infratentorial surgery in and around the nucleus. The proposed compartmentalization would be a major step forward in this effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Emre Tacyildiz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Karabuk Research and Training Hospital, Health Science University, Karabuk, Turkey; Microsurgical Neuroanatomy Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berra Bilgin
- Microsurgical Neuroanatomy Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery, Tepecik Research and Training Hospital, Health Science University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Abuzer Gungor
- Microsurgical Neuroanatomy Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery, Umraniye Research and Training Hospital, Health Science University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melih Ucer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Research and Training Hospital, Health Science University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Karadag
- Microsurgical Neuroanatomy Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery, Tepecik Research and Training Hospital, Health Science University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Necmettin Tanriover
- Microsurgical Neuroanatomy Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.
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5
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Tanaka M, Kunimatsu J, Suzuki TW, Kameda M, Ohmae S, Uematsu A, Takeya R. Roles of the Cerebellum in Motor Preparation and Prediction of Timing. Neuroscience 2021; 462:220-234. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Maurage P, Bollen Z, Masson N, D'Hondt F. A review of studies exploring fetal alcohol spectrum disorders through eye tracking measures. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 103:109980. [PMID: 32470497 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The widespread cognitive and cerebral consequences of prenatal alcohol exposure have been established during the last decades, through the exploration of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) using neuropsychological and neuroscience tools. This research field has recently benefited from the emergence of innovative measures, among which eye tracking, allowing a precise measure of the eye movements indexing a large range of cognitive functions. We propose a comprehensive review, based on PRISMA guidelines, of the eye tracking studies performed in populations with FASD. Studies were selected from the PsycINFO, PubMed and Scopus databases, and were evaluated through a standardized methodological quality assessment. Studies were classified according to the eye tracking indexes recorded (saccade characteristics, initial fixation, number of fixations, dwell time, gaze pattern) and the process measured (perception, memory, executive functions). Eye tracking data showed that FASD are mostly associated with impaired ocular perceptive/motor abilities (i.e., altered eye movements, centrally for saccade initiation), lower accuracy as well as increased error rates in saccadic eye movements involving working memory abilities, and reduced inhibitory control on saccades. After identifying the main limitations presented by the reviewed studies, we propose guidelines for future research, underlining the need to increase the standardization of diagnosis and evaluation tools, and to improve the methodological quality of eye tracking measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Maurage
- Louvain for Experimental Psychopathology Research Group, Psychological Sciences Research Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Zoé Bollen
- Louvain for Experimental Psychopathology Research Group, Psychological Sciences Research Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Nicolas Masson
- Numerical Cognition Group, Psychological Sciences Research Institute and Neuroscience Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Fabien D'Hondt
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France; CHU Lille, Clinique de Psychiatrie, Unité CURE, Lille, France; Centre National de Ressources et de Résilience Lille-Paris (CN2R), Lille, France.
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7
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Fujita H, Kodama T, du Lac S. Modular output circuits of the fastigial nucleus for diverse motor and nonmotor functions of the cerebellar vermis. eLife 2020; 9:58613. [PMID: 32639229 PMCID: PMC7438114 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebellar vermis, long associated with axial motor control, has been implicated in a surprising range of neuropsychiatric disorders and cognitive and affective functions. Remarkably little is known, however, about the specific cell types and neural circuits responsible for these diverse functions. Here, using single-cell gene expression profiling and anatomical circuit analyses of vermis output neurons in the mouse fastigial (medial cerebellar) nucleus, we identify five major classes of glutamatergic projection neurons distinguished by gene expression, morphology, distribution, and input-output connectivity. Each fastigial cell type is connected with a specific set of Purkinje cells and inferior olive neurons and in turn innervates a distinct collection of downstream targets. Transsynaptic tracing indicates extensive disynaptic links with cognitive, affective, and motor forebrain circuits. These results indicate that diverse cerebellar vermis functions could be mediated by modular synaptic connections of distinct fastigial cell types with posturomotor, oromotor, positional-autonomic, orienting, and vigilance circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Fujita
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | - Takashi Kodama
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | - Sascha du Lac
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institute, Baltimore, United States
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Abstract
The cerebellum works as a network hub for optimizing eye movements through its mutual connections with the brainstem and beyond. Here, we review three key areas in the cerebellum that are related to the control of eye movements: (1) the flocculus/paraflocculus (tonsil) complex, primarily for high-frequency, transient vestibular responses, and also for smooth pursuit maintenance and steady gaze holding; (2) the nodulus/ventral uvula, primarily for low-frequency, sustained vestibular responses; and (3) the dorsal vermis/posterior fastigial nucleus, primarily for the accuracy of saccades. Although there is no absolute compartmentalization of function within the three major ocular motor areas in the cerebellum, the structural-functional approach provides a framework for assessing ocular motor performance in patients with disease that involves the cerebellum or the brainstem.
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9
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Miterko LN, Baker KB, Beckinghausen J, Bradnam LV, Cheng MY, Cooperrider J, DeLong MR, Gornati SV, Hallett M, Heck DH, Hoebeek FE, Kouzani AZ, Kuo SH, Louis ED, Machado A, Manto M, McCambridge AB, Nitsche MA, Taib NOB, Popa T, Tanaka M, Timmann D, Steinberg GK, Wang EH, Wichmann T, Xie T, Sillitoe RV. Consensus Paper: Experimental Neurostimulation of the Cerebellum. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2019; 18:1064-1097. [PMID: 31165428 PMCID: PMC6867990 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-019-01041-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The cerebellum is best known for its role in controlling motor behaviors. However, recent work supports the view that it also influences non-motor behaviors. The contribution of the cerebellum towards different brain functions is underscored by its involvement in a diverse and increasing number of neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions including ataxia, dystonia, essential tremor, Parkinson's disease (PD), epilepsy, stroke, multiple sclerosis, autism spectrum disorders, dyslexia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and schizophrenia. Although there are no cures for these conditions, cerebellar stimulation is quickly gaining attention for symptomatic alleviation, as cerebellar circuitry has arisen as a promising target for invasive and non-invasive neuromodulation. This consensus paper brings together experts from the fields of neurophysiology, neurology, and neurosurgery to discuss recent efforts in using the cerebellum as a therapeutic intervention. We report on the most advanced techniques for manipulating cerebellar circuits in humans and animal models and define key hurdles and questions for moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren N Miterko
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Department of Neuroscience, Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1325, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kenneth B Baker
- Neurological Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Jaclyn Beckinghausen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Department of Neuroscience, Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1325, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Lynley V Bradnam
- Department of Exercise Science, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Michelle Y Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Road, MSLS P352, Stanford, CA, 94305-5487, USA
| | - Jessica Cooperrider
- Neurological Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Mahlon R DeLong
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Simona V Gornati
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 AA, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mark Hallett
- Human Motor Control Section, NINDS, NIH, Building 10, Room 7D37, 10 Center Dr MSC 1428, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1428, USA
| | - Detlef H Heck
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 855 Monroe Ave, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Freek E Hoebeek
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 AA, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- NIDOD Department, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Abbas Z Kouzani
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Sheng-Han Kuo
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Elan D Louis
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Research, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Andre Machado
- Neurological Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Mario Manto
- Service de Neurologie, CHU-Charleroi, 6000, Charleroi, Belgium
- Service des Neurosciences, Université de Mons, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Alana B McCambridge
- Graduate School of Health, Physiotherapy, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Michael A Nitsche
- Department of Psychology and Neurosiences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Traian Popa
- Human Motor Control Section, NINDS, NIH, Building 10, Room 7D37, 10 Center Dr MSC 1428, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1428, USA
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics (CNP) and Brain Mind Institute (BMI), Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Sion, Switzerland
| | - Masaki Tanaka
- Department of Physiology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Dagmar Timmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Gary K Steinberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Road, MSLS P352, Stanford, CA, 94305-5487, USA
- R281 Department of Neurosurgery, Stanfod University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Eric H Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Road, MSLS P352, Stanford, CA, 94305-5487, USA
| | - Thomas Wichmann
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Tao Xie
- Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC 2030, Chicago, IL, 60637-1470, USA
| | - Roy V Sillitoe
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Department of Neuroscience, Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1325, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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10
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Eye movement abnormalities in essential tremor versus tremor dominant Parkinson’s disease. Clin Neurophysiol 2019; 130:683-691. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Hughes S, Claassen DO, van den Wildenberg WPM, Phibbs FT, Bradley EB, Wylie SA, van Wouwe NC. Action Control Deficits in Patients With Essential Tremor. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2019; 25:156-164. [PMID: 30501660 PMCID: PMC6374198 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617718001054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Essential tremor (ET) is a movement disorder characterized by action tremor which impacts motor execution. Given the disrupted cerebellar-thalamo-cortical networks in ET, we hypothesized that ET could interfere with the control mechanisms involved in regulating motor performance. The ability to inhibit or stop actions is critical for navigating many daily life situations such as driving or social interactions. The current study investigated the speed of action initiation and two forms of action control, response stopping and proactive slowing in ET. METHODS Thirty-three ET patients and 25 healthy controls (HCs) completed a choice reaction task and a stop-signal task, and measures of going speed, proactive slowing and stop latencies were assessed. RESULTS Going speed was significantly slower in ET patients (649 ms) compared to HCs (526 ms; F(1,56) = 42.37; p <.001; η 2 = .43), whereas proactive slowing did not differ between groups. ET patients exhibited slower stop signal reaction times (320 ms) compared to HCs (258 ms, F(1,56) = 15.3; p <.00; η 2 = .22) and more severe motor symptoms of ET were associated with longer stopping latencies in a subset of patients (Spearman rho = .48; p <.05). CONCLUSIONS In line with previous studies, ET patients showed slower action initiation. Additionally, inhibitory control was impaired whereas proactive slowing remained intact relative to HCs. More severe motor symptoms of ET were associated with slower stopping speed, and may reflect more progressive changes to the cerebellar-thalamo-cortical network. Future imaging studies should specify which structural and functional changes in ET can explain changes in inhibitory action control. (JINS, 2019, 25, 156-164).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby Hughes
- 1Department of Neurology,Vanderbilt University Medical Center,Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Daniel O Claassen
- 1Department of Neurology,Vanderbilt University Medical Center,Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Fenna T Phibbs
- 1Department of Neurology,Vanderbilt University Medical Center,Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Elise B Bradley
- 1Department of Neurology,Vanderbilt University Medical Center,Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Scott A Wylie
- 2Department of Neurosurgery,University of Louisville,Louisville, Kentucky, Tennessee
| | - Nelleke C van Wouwe
- 1Department of Neurology,Vanderbilt University Medical Center,Nashville, Tennessee
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12
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Tu S, Menke RAL, Talbot K, Kiernan MC, Turner MR. Cerebellar tract alterations in PLS and ALS. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2019; 20:281-284. [DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2018.1562554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sicong Tu
- Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia,
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ricarda A. L. Menke
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kevin Talbot
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew C. Kiernan
- Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia,
| | - Martin R. Turner
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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13
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Yoshida J, Saiki A, Soma S, Yamanaka K, Nonomura S, Ríos A, Kawabata M, Kimura M, Sakai Y, Isomura Y. Area-specific Modulation of Functional Cortical Activity During Block-based and Trial-based Proactive Inhibition. Neuroscience 2018; 388:297-316. [PMID: 30077617 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Animals can suppress their behavioral response in advance according to changes in environmental context (proactive inhibition: delaying the start of response), a process in which several cortical areas may participate. However, it remains unclear how this process is adaptively regulated according to contextual changes on different timescales. To address the issue, we used an improved stop-signal task paradigm to behaviorally and electrophysiologically characterize the temporal aspect of proactive inhibition in head-fixed rats. In the task, they must respond to a go cue as quickly as possible (go trial), but did not have to respond if a stop cue followed the go cue (stop trial). The task alternated between a block of only go trials (G-block) and a block of go-and-stop trials (GS-block). We observed block-based and trial-based proactive inhibition (emerging in GS-block and after stop trial, respectively) by behaviorally evaluating the delay in reaction time in correct go trials depending on contextual changes on different timescales. We electrophysiologically analyzed task-related neuronal activity in the primary and secondary motor, posterior parietal, and orbitofrontal cortices (M1, M2, PPC, and OFC, respectively). Under block-based proactive inhibition, spike activity of cue-preferring OFC neurons was attenuated continuously, while M1 and M2 activity was enhanced during motor preparation. Subsequently, M1 activity was attenuated during motor decision/execution. Under trial-based proactive inhibition, the OFC activity was continuously enhanced, and PPC and M1 activity was also enhanced shortly during motor decision/execution. These results suggest that different cortical mechanisms underlie the two types of proactive inhibition in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Yoshida
- Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Tokyo 194-8610, Japan; Graduate School of Brain Sciences, Tamagawa University, Tokyo 194-8610, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan; Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
| | - Akiko Saiki
- Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Tokyo 194-8610, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan; Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Shogo Soma
- Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Tokyo 194-8610, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Ko Yamanaka
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba 270-1695, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nonomura
- Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Tokyo 194-8610, Japan
| | - Alain Ríos
- Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Tokyo 194-8610, Japan; Graduate School of Brain Sciences, Tamagawa University, Tokyo 194-8610, Japan
| | - Masanori Kawabata
- Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Tokyo 194-8610, Japan; Graduate School of Brain Sciences, Tamagawa University, Tokyo 194-8610, Japan
| | - Minoru Kimura
- Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Tokyo 194-8610, Japan; Graduate School of Brain Sciences, Tamagawa University, Tokyo 194-8610, Japan
| | - Yutaka Sakai
- Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Tokyo 194-8610, Japan; Graduate School of Brain Sciences, Tamagawa University, Tokyo 194-8610, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Isomura
- Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Tokyo 194-8610, Japan; Graduate School of Brain Sciences, Tamagawa University, Tokyo 194-8610, Japan.
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14
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Kunimatsu J, Suzuki TW, Ohmae S, Tanaka M. Different contributions of preparatory activity in the basal ganglia and cerebellum for self-timing. eLife 2018; 7:35676. [PMID: 29963985 PMCID: PMC6050043 DOI: 10.7554/elife.35676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to flexibly adjust movement timing is important for everyday life. Although the basal ganglia and cerebellum have been implicated in monitoring of supra- and sub-second intervals, respectively, the underlying neuronal mechanism remains unclear. Here, we show that in monkeys trained to generate a self-initiated saccade at instructed timing following a visual cue, neurons in the caudate nucleus kept track of passage of time throughout the delay period, while those in the cerebellar dentate nucleus were recruited only during the last part of the delay period. Conversely, neuronal correlates of trial-by-trial variation of self-timing emerged earlier in the cerebellum than the striatum. Local inactivation of respective recording sites confirmed the difference in their relative contributions to supra- and sub-second intervals. These results suggest that the basal ganglia may measure elapsed time relative to the intended interval, while the cerebellum might be responsible for the fine adjustment of self-timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kunimatsu
- Department of Physiology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Tomoki W Suzuki
- Department of Physiology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shogo Ohmae
- Department of Physiology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Masaki Tanaka
- Department of Physiology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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15
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Tekriwal A, Felsen G, Thompson JA. Modular auditory decision-making behavioral task designed for intraoperative use in humans. J Neurosci Methods 2018; 304:162-167. [PMID: 29746889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurosurgical interventions that require active patient feedback, such as deep brain stimulation surgery, create an opportunity to conduct cognitive or behavioral experiments during the acquisition of invasive neurophysiology. Optimal design and implementation of intraoperative behavioral experiments require consideration of stimulus presentation, time and surgical constraints. We describe the use of a modular, inexpensive system that implements a decision-making paradigm, designed to overcome challenges associated with the operative environment. NEW METHOD We have created an auditory, two-alternative forced choice (2AFC) task for intraoperative use. Behavioral responses were acquired using an Arduino based single-hand held joystick controller equipped with a 3-axis accelerometer, and two button presses, capable of sampling at 2 kHz. We include designs for all task relevant code, 3D printed components, and Arduino pin-out diagram. RESULTS We demonstrate feasibility both in and out of the operating room with behavioral results represented by three healthy control subjects and two Parkinson's disease subjects undergoing deep brain stimulator implantation. Psychometric assessment of performance indicated that the subjects could detect, interpret and respond accurately to the task stimuli using the joystick controller. We also demonstrate, using intraoperative neurophysiology recorded during the task, that the behavioral system described here allows us to examine neural correlates of human behavior. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS For low cost and minimal effort, any clinical neural recording system can be adapted for intraoperative behavioral testing with our experimental setup. CONCLUSION Our system will enable clinicians and basic scientists to conduct intraoperative awake and behaving electrophysiologic studies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Tekriwal
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Gidon Felsen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, USA
| | - John A Thompson
- Medical Scientist Training Program, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
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16
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Consensus Paper: Neurophysiological Assessments of Ataxias in Daily Practice. THE CEREBELLUM 2018; 17:628-653. [DOI: 10.1007/s12311-018-0937-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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17
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Atrophic degeneration of cerebellum impairs both the reactive and the proactive control of movement in the stop signal paradigm. Exp Brain Res 2017; 235:2971-2981. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-017-5027-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Long-Term Predictive and Feedback Encoding of Motor Signals in the Simple Spike Discharge of Purkinje Cells. eNeuro 2017; 4:eN-NWR-0036-17. [PMID: 28413823 PMCID: PMC5388669 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0036-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Most hypotheses of cerebellar function emphasize a role in real-time control of movements. However, the cerebellum’s use of current information to adjust future movements and its involvement in sequencing, working memory, and attention argues for predicting and maintaining information over extended time windows. The present study examines the time course of Purkinje cell discharge modulation in the monkey (Macaca mulatta) during manual, pseudo-random tracking. Analysis of the simple spike firing from 183 Purkinje cells during tracking reveals modulation up to 2 s before and after kinematics and position error. Modulation significance was assessed against trial shuffled firing, which decoupled simple spike activity from behavior and abolished long-range encoding while preserving data statistics. Position, velocity, and position errors have the most frequent and strongest long-range feedforward and feedback modulations, with less common, weaker long-term correlations for speed and radial error. Position, velocity, and position errors can be decoded from the population simple spike firing with considerable accuracy for even the longest predictive (-2000 to -1500 ms) and feedback (1500 to 2000 ms) epochs. Separate analysis of the simple spike firing in the initial hold period preceding tracking shows similar long-range feedforward encoding of the upcoming movement and in the final hold period feedback encoding of the just completed movement, respectively. Complex spike analysis reveals little long-term modulation with behavior. We conclude that Purkinje cell simple spike discharge includes short- and long-range representations of both upcoming and preceding behavior that could underlie cerebellar involvement in error correction, working memory, and sequencing.
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19
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Rosini F, Pretegiani E, Mignarri A, Optican LM, Serchi V, De Stefano N, Battaglini M, Monti L, Dotti MT, Federico A, Rufa A. The role of dentate nuclei in human oculomotor control: insights from cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. J Physiol 2017; 595:3607-3620. [PMID: 28168705 DOI: 10.1113/jp273670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS A cerebellar dentate nuclei (DN) contribution to volitional oculomotor control has recently been hypothesized but not fully understood. Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is a rare neurometabolic disease typically characterized by DN damage. In this study, we compared the ocular movement characteristics of two sets of CTX patients, with and without brain MRI evidence of DN involvement, with a set of healthy subjects. Our results suggest that DN participate in voluntary behaviour, such as the execution of antisaccades, and moreover are involved in controlling the precision of the ocular movement. The saccadic abnormalities related to DN involvement were independent of global and regional brain atrophy. Our study confirms the relevant role of DN in voluntary aspects of oculomotion and delineates specific saccadic abnormalities that could be used to detect the involvement of DN in other cerebellar disorders. ABSTRACT It is well known that the medial cerebellum controls saccadic speed and accuracy. In contrast, the role of the lateral cerebellum (cerebellar hemispheres and dentate nuclei, DN) is less well understood. Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is a lipid storage disorder due to mutations in CYP27A1, typically characterized by DN damage. CTX thus provides a unique opportunity to study DN in human oculomotor control. We analysed horizontal and vertical visually guided saccades and horizontal antisaccades of 19 CTX patients. Results were related to the presence/absence of DN involvement and compared with those of healthy subjects. To evaluate the contribution of other areas, abnormal saccadic parameters were compared with global and regional brain volumes. CTX patients executed normally accurate saccades with normal main sequence relationships, indicating that the brainstem and medial cerebellar structures were functionally spared. Patients with CTX executed more frequent multistep saccades and directional errors during the antisaccade task than controls. CTX patients with DN damage showed less precise saccades with longer latencies, and more frequent directional errors, usually not followed by corrections, than either controls or patients without DN involvement. These saccadic abnormalities related to DN involvement but were independent of global and regional brain atrophy. We hypothesize that two different cerebellar networks contribute to the metrics of a movement: the medial cerebellar structures determine accuracy, whereas the lateral cerebellar structures control precision. The lateral cerebellum (hemispheres and DN) also participates in modulating goal directed gaze behaviour, by prioritizing volitional over reflexive movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Rosini
- Eye tracking and Visual Application Lab (EVA Lab) - Neurology and Neurometabolic Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Mignarri
- Neurology and Neurometabolic Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Serchi
- Eye tracking and Visual Application Lab (EVA Lab) - Neurology and Neurometabolic Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Nicola De Stefano
- Quantitative Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Marco Battaglini
- Quantitative Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Lucia Monti
- Unit NINT, Neuroimaging and Neurointervention, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Maria T Dotti
- Neurology and Neurometabolic Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Antonio Federico
- Neurology and Neurometabolic Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rufa
- Eye tracking and Visual Application Lab (EVA Lab) - Neurology and Neurometabolic Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Italy
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