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Cooper JM, Lathuiliere A, Su EJ, Song Y, Torrente D, Jo Y, Weinrich N, Sales JD, Migliorini M, Sisson TH, Lawrence DA, Hyman BT, Strickland DK. SORL1 is a receptor for tau that promotes tau seeding. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107313. [PMID: 38657864 PMCID: PMC11145553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Sortilin-related receptor 1 (SORL1) is an intracellular sorting receptor genetically implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) that impacts amyloid precursor protein trafficking. The objective of these studies was to test the hypothesis that SORL1 binds tau, modulates its cellular trafficking and impacts the aggregation of cytoplasmic tau induced by pathological forms of tau. Using surface plasmon resonance measurements, we observed high-affinity binding of tau to SORL1 and the vacuolar protein sorting 10 domain of SORL1. Interestingly, unlike LDL receptor-related protein 1, SORL1 binds tau at both pH 7.4 and pH 5.5, revealing its ability to bind tau at endosomal pH. Immunofluorescence studies confirmed that exogenously added tau colocalized with SORL1 in H4 neuroglioma cells, while overexpression of SORL1 in LDL receptor-related protein 1-deficient Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells resulted in a marked increase in the internalization of tau, indicating that SORL1 can bind and mediate the internalization of monomeric forms of tau. We further demonstrated that SORL1 mediates tau seeding when tau RD P301S FRET biosensor cells expressing SORL1 were incubated with high molecular weight forms of tau isolated from the brains of patients with AD. Seeding in H4 neuroglioma cells is significantly reduced when SORL1 is knocked down with siRNA. Finally, we demonstrate that the N1358S mutant of SORL1 significantly increases tau seeding when compared to WT SORL1, identifying for the first time a potential mechanism that connects this specific SORL1 mutation to Alzheimer's disease. Together, these studies identify SORL1 as a receptor that contributes to trafficking and seeding of pathogenic tau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Cooper
- The Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Aurelien Lathuiliere
- Alzheimer Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Memory Center, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Enming J Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yuyu Song
- Alzheimer Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel Torrente
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Youhwa Jo
- Alzheimer Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicholas Weinrich
- The Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer Diaz Sales
- The Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mary Migliorini
- The Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas H Sisson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Daniel A Lawrence
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Bradley T Hyman
- Alzheimer Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Dudley K Strickland
- The Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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2
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Yu X, Liu MM, Zheng CY, Liu YT, Wang Z, Wang ZY. Telomerase reverse transcriptase and neurodegenerative diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1165632. [PMID: 37063844 PMCID: PMC10091515 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1165632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are chronic conditions that result in progressive damage to the nervous system, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Age is a major risk factor for NDs. Telomere shortening is a biological marker of cellular aging, and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) has been shown to slow down this process by maintaining telomere length. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) makes the brain a unique immune organ, and while the number of T cells present in the central nervous system is limited, they play an important role in NDs. Research suggests that NDs can be influenced by modulating peripheral T cell immune responses, and that TERT may play a significant role in T cell senescence and NDs. This review focuses on the current state of research on TERT in NDs and explores the potential connections between TERT, T cells, and NDs. Further studies on aging and telomeres may provide valuable insights for developing therapeutic strategies for age-related diseases.
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3
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Saha I, Yuste-Checa P, Da Silva Padilha M, Guo Q, Körner R, Holthusen H, Trinkaus VA, Dudanova I, Fernández-Busnadiego R, Baumeister W, Sanders DW, Gautam S, Diamond MI, Hartl FU, Hipp MS. The AAA+ chaperone VCP disaggregates Tau fibrils and generates aggregate seeds in a cellular system. Nat Commun 2023; 14:560. [PMID: 36732333 PMCID: PMC9894937 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36058-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-like aggregates of the microtubule-associated protein Tau are associated with several neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease. The existence of cellular machinery for the removal of such aggregates has remained unclear, as specialized disaggregase chaperones are thought to be absent in mammalian cells. Here we show in cell culture and in neurons that the hexameric ATPase valosin-containing protein (VCP) is recruited to ubiquitylated Tau fibrils, resulting in their efficient disaggregation. Aggregate clearance depends on the functional cooperation of VCP with heat shock 70 kDa protein (Hsp70) and the ubiquitin-proteasome machinery. While inhibition of VCP activity stabilizes large Tau aggregates, disaggregation by VCP generates seeding-active Tau species as byproduct. These findings identify VCP as a core component of the machinery for the removal of neurodegenerative disease aggregates and suggest that its activity can be associated with enhanced aggregate spreading in tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itika Saha
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany.,Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Patricia Yuste-Checa
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany.,Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Miguel Da Silva Padilha
- Molecular Neurodegeneration Group, Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, 82152, Martinsried, Germany.,Department of Molecules - Signaling - Development, Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany.,Center for Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Structural Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany.,State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Roman Körner
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Hauke Holthusen
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Victoria A Trinkaus
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany.,Department of Structural Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Irina Dudanova
- Molecular Neurodegeneration Group, Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, 82152, Martinsried, Germany.,Department of Molecules - Signaling - Development, Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany.,Center for Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rubén Fernández-Busnadiego
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.,Department of Structural Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany.,Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37099, Göttingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumeister
- Department of Structural Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - David W Sanders
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, 75390, TX, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Saurabh Gautam
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany.,Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, 55216, Ingelheim, Germany.,ViraTherapeutics GmbH, 6063, Rum, Austria
| | - Marc I Diamond
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, 75390, TX, USA
| | - F Ulrich Hartl
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany. .,Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA. .,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
| | - Mark S Hipp
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany. .,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany. .,School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan, 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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4
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Cooper JM, Lathuiliere A, Migliorini M, Arai AL, Wani MM, Dujardin S, Muratoglu SC, Hyman BT, Strickland DK. Regulation of tau internalization, degradation, and seeding by LRP1 reveals multiple pathways for tau catabolism. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100715. [PMID: 33930462 PMCID: PMC8164048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), pathological forms of tau are transferred from cell to cell and “seed” aggregation of cytoplasmic tau. Phosphorylation of tau plays a key role in neurodegenerative tauopathies. In addition, apolipoprotein E (apoE), a major component of lipoproteins in the brain, is a genetic risk determinant for AD. The identification of the apoE receptor, low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1 (LRP1), as an endocytic receptor for tau raises several questions about the role of LRP1 in tauopathies: is internalized tau, like other LRP1 ligands, delivered to lysosomes for degradation, and does LRP1 internalize pathological tau leading to cytosolic seeding? We found that LRP1 rapidly internalizes 125I-labeled tau, which is then efficiently degraded in lysosomal compartments. Surface plasmon resonance experiments confirm high affinity binding of tau and the tau microtubule-binding domain to LRP1. Interestingly, phosphorylated forms of recombinant tau bind weakly to LRP1 and are less efficiently internalized by LRP1. LRP1-mediated uptake of tau is inhibited by apoE, with the apoE4 isoform being the most potent inhibitor, likely because of its higher affinity for LRP1. Employing post-translationally–modified tau derived from brain lysates of human AD brain tissue, we found that LRP1-expressing cells, but not LRP1-deficient cells, promote cytosolic tau seeding in a process enhanced by apoE. These studies identify LRP1 as an endocytic receptor that binds and processes monomeric forms of tau leading to its degradation and promotes seeding by pathological forms of tau. The balance of these processes may be fundamental to the spread of neuropathology across the brain in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Cooper
- The Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Aurelien Lathuiliere
- Alzheimer Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mary Migliorini
- The Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Allison L Arai
- The Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mashhood M Wani
- The Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Simon Dujardin
- Alzheimer Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Selen C Muratoglu
- The Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bradley T Hyman
- Alzheimer Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Dudley K Strickland
- The Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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5
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Martinisi A, Flach M, Sprenger F, Frank S, Tolnay M, Winkler DT. Severe oligomeric tau toxicity can be reversed without long-term sequelae. Brain 2021; 144:963-974. [PMID: 33484116 PMCID: PMC8041046 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau is a microtubule stabilizing protein that forms abnormal aggregates in many neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. We have previously shown that co-expression of fragmented and full-length tau in P301SxTAU62on tau transgenic mice results in the formation of oligomeric tau species and causes severe paralysis. This paralysis is fully reversible once expression of the tau fragment is halted, even though P301S tau expression is maintained. Whereas various strategies to target tau aggregation have been developed, little is known about the long-term consequences of reverted tau toxicity. Therefore, we studied the long-term motor fitness of recovered, formerly paralysed P301SxTAU62on-off mice. To assess the seeding competence of oligomeric toxic tau species, we also inoculated ALZ17 mice with brainstem homogenates from paralysed P301SxTAU62on mice. Counter-intuitively, after recovery from paralysis due to oligomeric tau species expression, ageing P301SxTAU62on-off mice did not develop more motor impairment or tau pathology when compared to heterozygous P301S tau transgenic littermates. Thus, toxic tau species causing extensive neuronal dysfunction can be cleared without inducing seeding effects. Moreover, these toxic tau species also lack long-term tau seeding effects upon intrahippocampal inoculation into ALZ17 mice. In conclusion, tau species can be neurotoxic in the absence of seeding-competent tau aggregates, and mice can clear these tau forms permanently without tau seeding or spreading effects. These observations suggest that early targeting of non-fibrillar tau species may represent a therapeutically effective intervention in tauopathies. On the other hand, the absent seeding competence of early toxic tau species also warrants caution when using seeding-based tests for preclinical tauopathy diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Martinisi
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Flach
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frederik Sprenger
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Frank
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Tolnay
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - David T Winkler
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Neurology, Medical University Clinic, Kantonsspital Baselland, 4410 Liestal, Switzerland
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6
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Wegmann S, DeVos SL, Zeitler B, Marlen K, Bennett RE, Perez-Rando M, MacKenzie D, Yu Q, Commins C, Bannon RN, Corjuc BT, Chase A, Diez L, Nguyen HOB, Hinkley S, Zhang L, Goodwin A, Ledeboer A, Lam S, Ankoudinova I, Tran H, Scarlott N, Amora R, Surosky R, Miller JC, Robbins AB, Rebar EJ, Urnov FD, Holmes MC, Pooler AM, Riley B, Zhang HS, Hyman BT. Persistent repression of tau in the brain using engineered zinc finger protein transcription factors. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/12/eabe1611. [PMID: 33741591 PMCID: PMC7978433 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe1611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal tau reduction confers resilience against β-amyloid and tau-related neurotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. Here, we introduce a novel translational approach to lower expression of the tau gene MAPT at the transcriptional level using gene-silencing zinc finger protein transcription factors (ZFP-TFs). Following a single administration of adeno-associated virus (AAV), either locally into the hippocampus or intravenously to enable whole-brain transduction, we selectively reduced tau messenger RNA and protein by 50 to 80% out to 11 months, the longest time point studied. Sustained tau lowering was achieved without detectable off-target effects, overt histopathological changes, or molecular alterations. Tau reduction with AAV ZFP-TFs was able to rescue neuronal damage around amyloid plaques in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (APP/PS1 line). The highly specific, durable, and controlled knockdown of endogenous tau makes AAV-delivered ZFP-TFs a promising approach for the treatment of tau-related human brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Wegmann
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Neurodegenerative Disease, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah L DeVos
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Neurodegenerative Disease, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | | | | | - Rachel E Bennett
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Neurodegenerative Disease, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Marta Perez-Rando
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Neurodegenerative Disease, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Danny MacKenzie
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Neurodegenerative Disease, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Qi Yu
- Sangamo Therapeutics Inc., Richmond, CA 94804, USA
| | - Caitlin Commins
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Neurodegenerative Disease, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Riley N Bannon
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Neurodegenerative Disease, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Bianca T Corjuc
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Neurodegenerative Disease, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Alison Chase
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Neurodegenerative Disease, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Lisa Diez
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Lei Zhang
- Sangamo Therapeutics Inc., Richmond, CA 94804, USA
| | | | | | - Stephen Lam
- Sangamo Therapeutics Inc., Richmond, CA 94804, USA
| | | | - Hung Tran
- Sangamo Therapeutics Inc., Richmond, CA 94804, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Ashley B Robbins
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Neurodegenerative Disease, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | | | | | | | - Amy M Pooler
- Sangamo Therapeutics Inc., Richmond, CA 94804, USA
| | - Brigit Riley
- Sangamo Therapeutics Inc., Richmond, CA 94804, USA
| | | | - Bradley T Hyman
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Neurodegenerative Disease, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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7
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Lam J, Lee J, Liu CY, Lozano AM, Lee DJ. Deep Brain Stimulation for Alzheimer's Disease: Tackling Circuit Dysfunction. Neuromodulation 2020; 24:171-186. [PMID: 33377280 DOI: 10.1111/ner.13305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Treatments for Alzheimer's disease are urgently needed given its enormous human and economic costs and disappointing results of clinical trials targeting the primary amyloid and tau pathology. On the other hand, deep brain stimulation (DBS) has demonstrated success in other neurological and psychiatric disorders leading to great interest in DBS as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS We review the literature on 1) circuit dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease and 2) DBS for Alzheimer's disease. Human and animal studies are reviewed individually. RESULTS There is accumulating evidence of neural circuit dysfunction at the structural, functional, electrophysiological, and neurotransmitter level. Recent evidence from humans and animals indicate that DBS has the potential to restore circuit dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease, similarly to other movement and psychiatric disorders, and may even slow or reverse the underlying disease pathophysiology. CONCLUSIONS DBS is an intriguing potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease, targeting circuit dysfunction as a novel therapeutic target. However, further exploration of the basic disease pathology and underlying mechanisms of DBS is necessary to better understand how circuit dysfunction can be restored. Additionally, robust clinical data in the form of ongoing phase III clinical trials are needed to validate the efficacy of DBS as a viable treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Lam
- USC Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Justin Lee
- USC Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Charles Y Liu
- USC Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Andres M Lozano
- Division of Neurological Surgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Darrin J Lee
- USC Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
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8
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DeVos SL, Corjuc BT, Commins C, Dujardin S, Bannon RN, Corjuc D, Moore BD, Bennett RE, Jorfi M, Gonzales JA, Dooley PM, Roe AD, Pitstick R, Irimia D, Frosch MP, Carlson GA, Hyman BT. Tau reduction in the presence of amyloid-β prevents tau pathology and neuronal death in vivo. Brain 2019; 141:2194-2212. [PMID: 29733334 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awy117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have now supported the use of a tau lowering agent as a possible therapy in the treatment of tauopathy disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. In human Alzheimer's disease, however, concurrent amyloid-β deposition appears to synergize and accelerate tau pathological changes. Thus far, tau reduction strategies that have been tested in vivo have been examined in the setting of tau pathology without confounding amyloid-β deposition. To determine whether reducing total human tau expression in a transgenic model where there is concurrent amyloid-β plaque formation can still reduce tau pathology and protect against neuronal loss, we have taken advantage of the regulatable tau transgene in APP/PS1 × rTg4510 mice. These mice develop both neurofibrillary tangles as well as amyloid-β plaques throughout the cortex and hippocampus. By suppressing human tau expression for 6 months in the APP/PS1 × rTg4510 mice using doxycycline, AT8 tau pathology, bioactivity, and astrogliosis were reduced, though importantly to a lesser extent than lowering tau in the rTg4510 alone mice. Based on non-denaturing gels and proteinase K digestions, the remaining tau aggregates in the presence of amyloid-β exhibit a longer-lived aggregate conformation. Nonetheless, lowering the expression of the human tau transgene was sufficient to equally ameliorate thioflavin-S positive tangles and prevent neuronal loss equally well in both the APP/PS1 × rTg4510 mice and the rTg4510 cohort. Together, these results suggest that, although amyloid-β stabilizes tau aggregates, lowering total tau levels is still an effective strategy for the treatment of tau pathology and neuronal loss even in the presence of amyloid-β deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L DeVos
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bianca T Corjuc
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Caitlin Commins
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Simon Dujardin
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Riley N Bannon
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Diana Corjuc
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Benjamin D Moore
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rachel E Bennett
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mehdi Jorfi
- McLaughlin Research Institute, Great Falls, Montana, USA
| | - Jose A Gonzales
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Patrick M Dooley
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Allyson D Roe
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rose Pitstick
- McLaughlin Research Institute, Great Falls, Montana, USA
| | - Daniel Irimia
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew P Frosch
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.,C.S. Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - George A Carlson
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bradley T Hyman
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
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9
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d'Orange M, Aurégan G, Cheramy D, Gaudin-Guérif M, Lieger S, Guillermier M, Stimmer L, Joséphine C, Hérard AS, Gaillard MC, Petit F, Kiessling MC, Schmitz C, Colin M, Buée L, Panayi F, Diguet E, Brouillet E, Hantraye P, Bemelmans AP, Cambon K. Potentiating tangle formation reduces acute toxicity of soluble tau species in the rat. Brain 2019; 141:535-549. [PMID: 29253129 PMCID: PMC5837551 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tauopathies are neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the aggregation of tau protein. These pathologies exhibit a wide variety of clinical and anatomo-pathological presentations, which may result from different pathological mechanisms. Although tau inclusions are a common feature in all these diseases, recent evidence instead implicates small oligomeric aggregates as drivers of tau-induced toxicity. Hence in vivo model systems displaying either soluble or fibrillary forms of wild-type or mutant tau are needed to better identify their respective pathological pathways. Here we used adeno-associated viruses to mediate gene transfer of human tau to the rat brain to develop models of pure tauopathies. Two different constructs were used, each giving rise to a specific phenotype developing in less than 3 months. First, hTAUWT overexpression led to a strong hyperphosphorylation of the protein, which was associated with neurotoxicity in the absence of any significant aggregation. In sharp contrast, its co-expression with the pro-aggregation peptide TauRD-ΔK280 in the hTAUProAggr group strongly promoted its aggregation into Gallyas-positive neurofibrillary tangles, while preserving neuronal survival. Our results support the hypothesis that soluble tau species are key players of tau-induced neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie d'Orange
- CEA, DRF, Institut François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), F-92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Gwénaelle Aurégan
- CEA, DRF, Institut François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), F-92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Dimitri Cheramy
- Institut de Recherches Servier, DRD-RDNPS, 125 chemin de ronde, 78 290 Croissy sur Seine, France
| | - Mylène Gaudin-Guérif
- Institut de Recherches Servier, DRD-RDNPS, 125 chemin de ronde, 78 290 Croissy sur Seine, France
| | - Sarah Lieger
- Inserm, UMR-S 1172, Lille, France.,Université Lille 2, Faculté de Médecine, IMPRT, JPARC, Lille, France.,CMRR, CHR, Lille, France
| | - Martine Guillermier
- CEA, DRF, Institut François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), F-92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Lev Stimmer
- MIRCen, INSERM-CEA, Platform for experimental pathology, U1169 and US27, F- 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Charlène Joséphine
- CEA, DRF, Institut François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), F-92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Hérard
- CEA, DRF, Institut François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), F-92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Marie-Claude Gaillard
- CEA, DRF, Institut François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), F-92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Fanny Petit
- CEA, DRF, Institut François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), F-92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | - Christoph Schmitz
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Morvane Colin
- Inserm, UMR-S 1172, Lille, France.,Université Lille 2, Faculté de Médecine, IMPRT, JPARC, Lille, France.,CMRR, CHR, Lille, France
| | - Luc Buée
- Inserm, UMR-S 1172, Lille, France.,Université Lille 2, Faculté de Médecine, IMPRT, JPARC, Lille, France.,CMRR, CHR, Lille, France
| | - Fany Panayi
- Institut de Recherches Servier, DRD-RDNPS, 125 chemin de ronde, 78 290 Croissy sur Seine, France
| | - Elsa Diguet
- Institut de Recherches Servier, DRD-RDNPS, 125 chemin de ronde, 78 290 Croissy sur Seine, France
| | - Emmanuel Brouillet
- CEA, DRF, Institut François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), F-92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Philippe Hantraye
- CEA, DRF, Institut François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), F-92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Alexis-Pierre Bemelmans
- CEA, DRF, Institut François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), F-92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Karine Cambon
- CEA, DRF, Institut François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), F-92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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10
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Kuo YC, Rajesh R. Challenges in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: recent progress and treatment strategies of pharmaceuticals targeting notable pathological factors. Expert Rev Neurother 2019; 19:623-652. [DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2019.1621750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chih Kuo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Rajendiran Rajesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan, Republic of China
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11
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Qin M, Li H, Bao J, Xia Y, Ke D, Wang Q, Liu R, Wang JZ, Zhang B, Shu X, Wang X. SET SUMOylation promotes its cytoplasmic retention and induces tau pathology and cognitive impairments. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:21. [PMID: 30767764 PMCID: PMC6376727 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0663-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PP2A is a major regulator of tau phosphorylation, which is principally regulated by an endogenous nuclear protein inhibitor 2 of PP2A (I2PP2A), also named SET. However, how SET is post-translationally regulated and translocates from the nucleus to the cytoplasm remain incompletely understood. Here we show SET is SUMOylated at K68 residue that induces its cytoplasmic retention, resulting in Alzheimer disease (AD) like tau pathology and cognitive defects. SET is predominantly SUMOylated at K68 that leads to its translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and subsequently induces inhibition of PP2A and hyperphosphorylation of tau in HEK-293 cells. Moreover, overexpression of wild type SET significantly inhibits PP2A activity, leading to tau hyperphosphorylation, less synapse loss and cognitive deficits. Conversely, blocking SET SUMOylation via mutating Lys 68 to Arg rescues tau pathology and cognitive impairments in C57/BL6 mice infected with adeno-associated virus encoding SET. Further, β-amyloid exposure of rat primary hippocampal neurons induces a dose-dependent SUMOylation of SET. Our findings suggest that SET SUMOylation stimulates its cytoplasmic retention and inhibits PP2A activity, consequently leading to tau hyperphosphorylation and cognitive impairments, which provides a new insight into the AD-like tau pathology.
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12
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Mari SA, Wegmann S, Tepper K, Hyman BT, Mandelkow EM, Mandelkow E, Müller DJ. Reversible Cation-Selective Attachment and Self-Assembly of Human Tau on Supported Brain Lipid Membranes. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:3271-3281. [PMID: 29644863 PMCID: PMC6588182 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b01085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Misfolding and aggregation of the neuronal, microtubule-associated protein tau is involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and tauopathies. It has been proposed that neuronal membranes could play a role in tau release, internalization, and aggregation and that tau aggregates could exert toxicity via membrane permeabilization. Whether and how tau interacts with lipid membranes remains a matter of discussion. Here, we characterize the interaction of full-length human tau (htau40) with supported lipid membranes (SLMs) made from brain total lipid extract by time-lapse high-resolution atomic force microscopy (AFM). We observe that tau attaches to brain lipid membranes where it self-assembles in a cation-dependent manner. Sodium triggers the attachment, self-assembly, and growth, whereas potassium inhibits these processes. Moreover, tau assemblies are stable in the presence of sodium and lithium but disassemble in the presence of potassium and rubidium. Whereas the pseudorepeat domains (R1-R4) of htau40 promote the sodium-dependent attachment to the membrane and stabilize the tau assemblies, the N-terminal region promotes tau self-assembly and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania A. Mari
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Wegmann
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer’s Disease Research Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Katharina Tepper
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer’s Disease Research Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) and CAESAR Research Center, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Bradley T. Hyman
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer’s Disease Research Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Eva-Maria Mandelkow
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) and CAESAR Research Center, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 53175 Bonn, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Neurological Research Cologne, Hamburg Outstation, c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eckhard Mandelkow
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) and CAESAR Research Center, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 53175 Bonn, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Neurological Research Cologne, Hamburg Outstation, c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel J. Müller
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Corresponding Author. Phone: 0041-61-387-3307
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13
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Zhang Q, Xia Y, Wang Y, Shentu Y, Zeng K, Mahaman YAR, Huang F, Wu M, Ke D, Wang Q, Zhang B, Liu R, Wang JZ, Ye K, Wang X. CK2 Phosphorylating I 2PP2A/SET Mediates Tau Pathology and Cognitive Impairment. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:146. [PMID: 29760653 PMCID: PMC5936753 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Casein kinase 2 (CK2) is highly activated in Alzheimer disease (AD) and is associated with neurofibrillary tangles formation. Phosphorylated SET, a potent PP2A inhibitor, mediates tau hyperphosphorylation in AD. However, whether CK2 phosphorylates SET and regulates tau pathological phosphorylation in AD remains unclear. Here, we show that CK2 phosphorylating SET at Ser9 induced tau hyperphosphorylation in AD. We found that either Aβ treatment or tau overexpression stimulated CK2 activation leading to SET Ser9 hyperphosphorylation in neurons and animal models, while inhibition of CK2 by TBB abolished this event. Overexpression of CK2 in mouse hippocampus via virus injection induced cognitive deficit associated with SET Ser9 hyperphosphorylation. Injection of SET Ser9 phosphorylation mimetic mutant induced tau pathology and behavior impairments. Conversely co-injection of non-phosphorylated SET S9A with CK2 abolished the CK2 overexpression-induced AD pathology and cognitive deficit. Together, our data demonstrate that CK2 phosphorylates SET at Ser9 leading to SET cytoplasmic translocation and inhibition of PP2A resulting in tau pathology and cognitive impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiyuan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yangping Shentu
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kuan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yacoubou A R Mahaman
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengjuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Ke
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Zhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Keqiang Ye
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Xiaochuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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14
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DeVos SL, Miller RL, Schoch KM, Holmes BB, Kebodeaux CS, Wegener AJ, Chen G, Shen T, Tran H, Nichols B, Zanardi TA, Kordasiewicz HB, Swayze EE, Bennett CF, Diamond MI, Miller TM. Tau reduction prevents neuronal loss and reverses pathological tau deposition and seeding in mice with tauopathy. Sci Transl Med 2018; 9:9/374/eaag0481. [PMID: 28123067 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aag0481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau directly correlates with cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease and other primary tauopathies. One therapeutic strategy may be to reduce total tau expression. We identified antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) that selectively decreased human tau mRNA and protein in mice expressing mutant P301S human tau. After reduction of human tau in this mouse model of tauopathy, fewer tau inclusions developed, and preexisting phosphorylated tau and Thioflavin S pathology were reversed. The resolution of tau pathology was accompanied by the prevention of hippocampal volume loss, neuronal death, and nesting deficits. In addition, mouse survival was extended, and pathological tau seeding was reversed. In nonhuman primates, tau ASOs distributed throughout the brain and spinal cord and reduced tau mRNA and protein in the brain, spinal cord, and cerebrospinal fluid. These data support investigation of a tau-lowering therapy in human patients who have tau-positive inclusions even after pathological tau deposition has begun.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L DeVos
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rebecca L Miller
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kathleen M Schoch
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Brandon B Holmes
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Carey S Kebodeaux
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Amy J Wegener
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Guo Chen
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tao Shen
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Hien Tran
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA 90201, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marc I Diamond
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Timothy M Miller
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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15
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Mezias C, LoCastro E, Xia C, Raj A. Connectivity, not region-intrinsic properties, predicts regional vulnerability to progressive tau pathology in mouse models of disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2017; 5:61. [PMID: 28807028 PMCID: PMC5556602 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-017-0459-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatiotemporal tau pathology progression is regarded as highly stereotyped within each type of degenerative condition. For instance, AD has a progression of tau pathology consistently beginning in the entorhinal cortex, the locus coeruleus, and other nearby noradrenergic brainstem nuclei, before spreading to the rest of the limbic system as well as the cingulate and retrosplenial cortices. Proposed explanations for the consistent spatial patterns of tau pathology progression, as well as for why certain regions are selectively vulnerable to exhibiting pathology over the course of disease generally focus on transsynaptic spread proceeding via the brain's anatomic connectivity network in a cell-independent manner or on cell-intrinsic properties that might render some cell populations or regions uniquely vulnerable. We test connectivity based explanations of spatiotemporal tau pathology progression and regional vulnerability against cell-intrinsic explanation, using regional gene expression profiles as a proxy. We find that across both exogenously seeded and non-seeded tauopathic mouse models, the connectivity network provides a better explanation than regional gene expression profiles, even when such profiles are limited to specific sets of tau risk-related genes only. Our results suggest that, regardless of the location of pathology initiation, tau pathology progression is well characterized by a model positing entirely cell-type and molecular environment independent transsynaptic spread via the mouse brain's connectivity network. These results further suggest that regional vulnerability to tau pathology is mainly governed by connectivity with regions already exhibiting pathology, rather than by cell-intrinsic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Mezias
- Department of Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, USA.
| | - Eve LoCastro
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, USA
| | - Chuying Xia
- Department of Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, USA
| | - Ashish Raj
- Department of Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, USA.
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16
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Schoch KM, Miller TM. Antisense Oligonucleotides: Translation from Mouse Models to Human Neurodegenerative Diseases. Neuron 2017. [PMID: 28641106 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Multiple neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by single-protein dysfunction and aggregation. Treatment strategies for these diseases have often targeted downstream pathways to ameliorate consequences of protein dysfunction; however, targeting the source of that dysfunction, the affected protein itself, seems most judicious to achieve a highly effective therapeutic outcome. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are small sequences of DNA able to target RNA transcripts, resulting in reduced or modified protein expression. ASOs are ideal candidates for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, given numerous advancements made to their chemical modifications and delivery methods. Successes achieved in both animal models and human clinical trials have proven ASOs both safe and effective. With proper considerations in mind regarding the human applicability of ASOs, we anticipate ongoing in vivo research and clinical trial development of ASOs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Schoch
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Timothy M Miller
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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17
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Wegmann S, Bennett RE, Amaral AS, Hyman BT. Studying tau protein propagation and pathology in the mouse brain using adeno-associated viruses. Methods Cell Biol 2017; 141:307-322. [PMID: 28882310 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The progressive spread of pathological brain lesions containing aggregated tau protein is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. In AD, this process follows a distinct pattern along neuronal connections from the entorhinal cortex to hippocampal areas and further on through the limbic system. In other tauopathies, the spread of tau appears less hierarchical throughout the brain, and also nonpathological tau is reported to cross-synaptic connections in the brain. To be able to study the process of cell-to-cell transport of tau and the associated neurotoxicity in the brain in vivo, adeno-associated virus-mediated expression of tau can be used to express different forms of tau in distinct brain areas in rodent models. As an example, we describe how the expression of FTD-mutant human tauP301L in the entorhinal cortex of wild-type mice can be used to study the propagation of tau to connected neurons and to determine pathological consequences such as tau hyperphosphorylation, misfolding, and gliosis. The approach described can easily be translated to study other aggregating and/or propagating proteins in the brain such as synuclein, Abeta, or SOD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Wegmann
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Mass. Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (MIND), Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Rachel E Bennett
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Mass. Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (MIND), Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ana S Amaral
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Mass. Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (MIND), Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bradley T Hyman
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Mass. Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (MIND), Boston, MA, United States
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18
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Pickett EK, Henstridge CM, Allison E, Pitstick R, Pooler A, Wegmann S, Carlson G, Hyman BT, Spires-Jones TL. Spread of tau down neural circuits precedes synapse and neuronal loss in the rTgTauEC mouse model of early Alzheimer's disease. Synapse 2017; 71:e21965. [PMID: 28196395 PMCID: PMC5516127 DOI: 10.1002/syn.21965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic dysfunction and loss is the strongest pathological correlate of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD) with increasing evidence implicating neuropathological tau protein in this process. Despite the knowledge that tau spreads through defined synaptic circuits, it is currently unknown whether synapse loss occurs before the accumulation of tau or as a consequence. To address this, we have used array tomography to examine an rTgTauEC mouse model expressing a P301L human tau transgene and a transgene labeling cytoplasm red (tdTomato) and presynaptic terminals green (Synaptophysin-EGFP). All transgenes are restricted primarily to the entorhinal cortex using the neuropsin promotor to drive tTA expression. It has previously been shown that rTgTauEC mice exhibit neuronal loss in the entorhinal cortex and synapse density loss in the middle molecular layer (MML) of the dentate gyrus at 24 months of age. Here, we observed the density of tau-expressing and total presynapses, and the spread of tau into the postsynapse in the MML of 3-6, 9, and 18 month old red-green-rTgTauEC mice. We observe no loss of synapse density in the MML up to 18 months even in axons expressing tau. Despite the maintenance of synapse density, we see spread of human tau from presynaptic terminals to postsynaptic compartments in the MML at very early ages, indicating that the spread of tau through neural circuits is not due to the degeneration of axon terminals and is an early feature of the disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor K Pickett
- The University of Edinburgh Centre for Cognitive and Neural Systems, Centre for Dementia Prevention and the Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher M Henstridge
- The University of Edinburgh Centre for Cognitive and Neural Systems, Centre for Dementia Prevention and the Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Allison
- The University of Edinburgh Centre for Cognitive and Neural Systems, Centre for Dementia Prevention and the Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Amy Pooler
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Susanne Wegmann
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | | | - Bradley T Hyman
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Tara L Spires-Jones
- The University of Edinburgh Centre for Cognitive and Neural Systems, Centre for Dementia Prevention and the Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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19
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Takeda S, Commins C, DeVos SL, Nobuhara CK, Wegmann S, Roe AD, Costantino I, Fan Z, Nicholls SB, Sherman AE, Trisini Lipsanopoulos AT, Scherzer CR, Carlson GA, Pitstick R, Peskind ER, Raskind MA, Li G, Montine TJ, Frosch MP, Hyman BT. Seed-competent high-molecular-weight tau species accumulates in the cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer's disease mouse model and human patients. Ann Neurol 2016; 80:355-67. [PMID: 27351289 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tau is an excellent surrogate marker for assessing neuropathological changes that occur in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. However, whether the elevated tau in AD CSF is just a marker of neurodegeneration or, in fact, a part of the disease process is uncertain. Moreover, it is unknown how CSF tau relates to the recently described soluble high-molecular-weight (HMW) species that is found in the postmortem AD brain and can be taken up by neurons and seed aggregates. METHODS We have examined seeding and uptake properties of brain extracellular tau from various sources, including interstitial fluid (ISF) and CSF from an AD transgenic mouse model and postmortem ventricular and antemortem lumbar CSF from AD patients. RESULTS We found that brain ISF and CSF tau from the AD mouse model can be taken up by cells and induce intracellular aggregates. Ventricular CSF from AD patients contained a rare HMW tau species that exerted a higher seeding activity. Notably, the HMW tau species was also detected in lumbar CSF from AD patients, and its levels were significantly elevated compared to control subjects. HMW tau derived from CSF of AD patients was seed competent in vitro. INTERPRETATION These findings suggest that CSF from an AD brain contains potentially bioactive HMW tau species, giving new insights into the role of CSF tau and biomarker development for AD. Ann Neurol 2016;80:355-367.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuko Takeda
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA.
| | - Caitlin Commins
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Sarah L DeVos
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Chloe K Nobuhara
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Susanne Wegmann
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Allyson D Roe
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Isabel Costantino
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Zhanyun Fan
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Samantha B Nicholls
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Alexis E Sherman
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | | | - Clemens R Scherzer
- Neurogenomics Lab and Parkinson Personalized Medicine Program, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Cambridge, MA
| | | | | | - Elaine R Peskind
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.,Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA
| | - Murray A Raskind
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.,Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA
| | - Ge Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA
| | - Thomas J Montine
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Matthew P Frosch
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Bradley T Hyman
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
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20
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Sanders DW, Kaufman SK, Holmes BB, Diamond MI. Prions and Protein Assemblies that Convey Biological Information in Health and Disease. Neuron 2016; 89:433-48. [PMID: 26844828 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Prions derived from the prion protein (PrP) were first characterized as infectious agents that transmit pathology between individuals. However, the majority of cases of neurodegeneration caused by PrP prions occur sporadically. Proteins that self-assemble as cross-beta sheet amyloids are a defining pathological feature of infectious prion disorders and all major age-associated neurodegenerative diseases. In fact, multiple non-infectious proteins exhibit properties of template-driven self-assembly that are strikingly similar to PrP. Evidence suggests that like PrP, many proteins form aggregates that propagate between cells and convert cognate monomer into ordered assemblies. We now recognize that numerous proteins assemble into macromolecular complexes as part of normal physiology, some of which are self-amplifying. This review highlights similarities among infectious and non-infectious neurodegenerative diseases associated with prions, emphasizing the normal and pathogenic roles of higher-order protein assemblies. We propose that studies of the structural and cellular biology of pathological versus physiological aggregates will be mutually informative.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Sanders
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Sarah K Kaufman
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Brandon B Holmes
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Marc I Diamond
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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21
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Guo JL, Buist A, Soares A, Callaerts K, Calafate S, Stevenaert F, Daniels JP, Zoll BE, Crowe A, Brunden KR, Moechars D, Lee VMY. The Dynamics and Turnover of Tau Aggregates in Cultured Cells: INSIGHTS INTO THERAPIES FOR TAUOPATHIES. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:13175-93. [PMID: 27129267 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.712083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamentous tau aggregates, the hallmark lesions of Alzheimer disease (AD), play key roles in neurodegeneration. Activation of protein degradation systems has been proposed to be a potential strategy for removing pathological tau, but it remains unclear how effectively tau aggregates can be degraded by these systems. By applying our previously established cellular model system of AD-like tau aggregate induction using preformed tau fibrils, we demonstrate that tau aggregates induced in cells with regulated expression of full-length mutant tau can be gradually cleared when soluble tau expression is suppressed. This clearance is at least partially mediated by the autophagy-lysosome pathway, although both the ubiquitin-proteasome system and the autophagy-lysosome pathway are deficient in handling large tau aggregates. Importantly, residual tau aggregates left after the clearance phase leads to a rapid reinstatement of robust tau pathology once soluble tau expression is turned on again. Moreover, we succeeded in generating monoclonal cells persistently carrying tau aggregates without obvious cytotoxicity. Live imaging of GFP-tagged tau aggregates showed that tau inclusions are dynamic structures constantly undergoing "fission" and "fusion," which facilitate stable propagation of tau pathology in dividing cells. These findings provide a greater understanding of cell-to-cell transmission of tau aggregates in dividing cells and possibly neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing L Guo
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 and
| | - Arjan Buist
- the Neuroscience Department, Janssen Research and Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Alberto Soares
- the Neuroscience Department, Janssen Research and Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Kathleen Callaerts
- the Neuroscience Department, Janssen Research and Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Sara Calafate
- the Neuroscience Department, Janssen Research and Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Frederik Stevenaert
- the Neuroscience Department, Janssen Research and Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Joshua P Daniels
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 and
| | - Bryan E Zoll
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 and
| | - Alex Crowe
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 and
| | - Kurt R Brunden
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 and
| | - Diederik Moechars
- the Neuroscience Department, Janssen Research and Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Virginia M Y Lee
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 and
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22
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Propagation of tau pathology: hypotheses, discoveries, and yet unresolved questions from experimental and human brain studies. Acta Neuropathol 2016; 131:27-48. [PMID: 26576562 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-015-1507-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tau is a microtubule-associated protein and a key regulator of microtubule stabilization as well as the main component of neurofibrillary tangles-a principle neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-as well as pleomorphic neuronal and glial inclusions in neurodegenerative tauopathies. Cross-sectional studies of neurofibrillary pathology in AD reveal a stereotypic spatiotemporal pattern of neuronal vulnerability that correlates with disease severity; however, the relationship of this pattern to disease progression is less certain and exceptions to the typical pattern have been described in a subset of AD patients. The basis for the selective vulnerability of specific populations of neurons to tau pathology and cell death is largely unknown, although there have been a number of hypotheses based upon shared properties of vulnerable neurons (e.g., degree of axonal myelination or synaptic plasticity). A recent hypothesis for selective vulnerability takes into account the emerging science of functional connectivity based upon resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging, where subsets of neurons that fire synchronously define patterns of degeneration similar to specific neurodegenerative disorders, including various tauopathies. In the past 6 years, the concept of tau propagation has emerged from numerous studies in cell and animal models suggesting that tau moves from cell-to-cell and that this may trigger aggregation and region-to-region spread of tau pathology within the brain. How the spread of tau pathology relates to functional connectivity is an area of active investigation. Observations of templated folding and propagation of tau have prompted comparisons of tau to prions, the pathogenic proteins in transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. In this review, we discuss the most compelling studies in the field, discuss their shortcomings and consider their implications with respect to human tauopathies as well as the controversy that tauopathies may be prion-like disorders.
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23
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Takeda S, Wegmann S, Cho H, DeVos SL, Commins C, Roe AD, Nicholls SB, Carlson GA, Pitstick R, Nobuhara CK, Costantino I, Frosch MP, Müller DJ, Irimia D, Hyman BT. Neuronal uptake and propagation of a rare phosphorylated high-molecular-weight tau derived from Alzheimer's disease brain. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8490. [PMID: 26458742 PMCID: PMC4608380 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau pathology is known to spread in a hierarchical pattern in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain during disease progression, likely by trans-synaptic tau transfer between neurons. However, the tau species involved in inter-neuron propagation remains unclear. To identify tau species responsible for propagation, we examined uptake and propagation properties of different tau species derived from postmortem cortical extracts and brain interstitial fluid of tau-transgenic mice, as well as human AD cortices. Here we show that PBS-soluble phosphorylated high-molecular-weight (HMW) tau, though very low in abundance, is taken up, axonally transported, and passed on to synaptically connected neurons. Our findings suggest that a rare species of soluble phosphorylated HMW tau is the endogenous form of tau involved in propagation and could be a target for therapeutic intervention and biomarker development. In Alzheimer's disease, tau spreads throughout the brain, however the nature of the tau species propagating from one neuron to another is not known. Here, Takeda et al. identify a rare, high-molecular-weight tau as the primary species taken up and transferred between synaptically connected neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuko Takeda
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Disease Research Laboratory, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Susanne Wegmann
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Disease Research Laboratory, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Hansang Cho
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, USA
| | - Sarah L DeVos
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Disease Research Laboratory, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Caitlin Commins
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Disease Research Laboratory, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Allyson D Roe
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Disease Research Laboratory, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Samantha B Nicholls
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Disease Research Laboratory, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | | | - Rose Pitstick
- McLaughlin Research Institute, Great Falls, Montana 59405, USA
| | - Chloe K Nobuhara
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Disease Research Laboratory, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Isabel Costantino
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Disease Research Laboratory, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Matthew P Frosch
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Disease Research Laboratory, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Daniel J Müller
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Irimia
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Bradley T Hyman
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Disease Research Laboratory, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
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24
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Grüninger F. Invited review: Drug development for tauopathies. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2015; 41:81-96. [PMID: 25354646 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Many different approaches to treating tauopathies are currently being explored, with a few compounds already in clinical development (including small molecules such as anti-aggregation compound LMTX and active vaccines AADvac1 and ACI-35). This review aims to summarize the status of the clinical candidates and to highlight the emerging areas of research that hold promise for drug development. Tau is post-translationally modified in several different ways (phosphorylated, acetylated, glycosylated and truncated). The extent of these modifications can be manipulated to influence tau aggregation state and pathogenesis and the enzymes involved provide tractable targets for drug intervention. In addition, modulation of tau expression levels is an attractive therapeutic approach. Finally, the recently described prion-like spreading of tau between cells opens up novel avenues from the tau drug development perspective. The review compares the merits of small-molecule and antibody-based therapies and emphasizes the need for amenable clinical biomarkers for drug development, particularly PET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Grüninger
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, NORD Disease & Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, CH-4070, Basel, Switzerland
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25
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Li L, Peng Y, Hui Y, Zhang S, Zhou Y, Li D, Li J, Si Z, Li J, Wang D, Li Y, Dong M, Gao X. Overexpression of Heme Oxygenase 1 Impairs Cognitive Ability and Changes the Plasticity of the Synapse. J Alzheimers Dis 2015; 47:595-608. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-150027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Yahui Peng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Hui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - You Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dan Li
- People’s Hospital of Yuxi City, Yuki, China
| | - Jihong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Zizhen Si
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Yanze Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Min Dong
- GE Healthcare Life Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
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26
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Abstract
Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a receptor of the immunoglobulin super family that plays various important roles under physiological and pathological conditions. Compelling evidence suggests that RAGE acts as both an inflammatory intermediary and a critical inducer of oxidative stress, underlying RAGE-induced Alzheimer-like pathophysiological changes that drive the process of Alzheimer's disease (AD). A critical role of RAGE in AD includes beta-amyloid (Aβ) production and accumulation, the formation of neurofibrillary tangles, failure of synaptic transmission, and neuronal degeneration. The steady-state level of Aβ depends on the balance between production and clearance. RAGE plays an important role in the Aβ clearance. RAGE acts as an important transporter via regulating influx of circulating Aβ into brain, whereas the efflux of brain-derived Aβ into the circulation via BBB is implemented by LRP1. RAGE could be an important contributor to Aβ generation via enhancing the activity of β- and/or γ-secretases and activating inflammatory response and oxidative stress. However, sRAGE-Aβ interactions could inhibit Aβ neurotoxicity and promote Aβ clearance from brain. Meanwhile, RAGE could be a promoting factor for the synaptic dysfunction and neuronal circuit dysfunction which are both the material structure of cognition, and the physiological and pathological basis of cognition. In addition, RAGE could be a trigger for the pathogenesis of Aβ and tau hyper-phosphorylation which both participate in the process of cognitive impairment. Preclinical and clinical studies have supported that RAGE inhibitors could be useful in the treatment of AD. Thus, an effective measure to inhibit RAGE may be a novel drug target in AD.
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27
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Pooler AM, Polydoro M, Maury EA, Nicholls SB, Reddy SM, Wegmann S, William C, Saqran L, Cagsal-Getkin O, Pitstick R, Beier DR, Carlson GA, Spires-Jones TL, Hyman BT. Amyloid accelerates tau propagation and toxicity in a model of early Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2015; 3:14. [PMID: 25853174 PMCID: PMC4371800 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-015-0199-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In early stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) are largely restricted to the entorhinal cortex and medial temporal lobe. At later stages, when clinical symptoms generally occur, NFT involve widespread limbic and association cortices. At this point in the disease, amyloid plaques are also abundantly distributed in the cortex. This observation from human neuropathological studies led us to pose two alternative hypotheses: that amyloid in the cortex is permissive for the spread of tangles from the medial temporal lobe, or that these are co-occurring but not causally related events simply reflecting progression of AD pathology. Results We now directly test the hypothesis that cortical amyloid acts as an accelerant for spreading of tangles beyond the medial temporal lobe. We crossed rTgTauEC transgenic mice that demonstrate spread of tau from entorhinal cortex to other brain structures at advanced age with APP/PS1 mice, and examined mice with either NFTs, amyloid pathology, or both. We show that concurrent amyloid deposition in the cortex 1) leads to a dramatic increase in the speed of tau propagation and an extraordinary increase in the spread of tau to distal brain regions, and 2) significantly increases tau-induced neuronal loss. Conclusions These data strongly support the hypothesis that cortical amyloid accelerates the spread of tangles throughout the cortex and amplifies tangle-associated neural system failure in AD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40478-015-0199-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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28
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Bennett RE, Brody DL. Array tomography for the detection of non-dilated, injured axons in traumatic brain injury. J Neurosci Methods 2015; 245:25-36. [PMID: 25687633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Axonal injury is a key feature of several types of brain trauma and neurological disease. However, in mice and humans, many axons are less than 500 nm in diameter which is at or below the resolution of most conventional light microscopic imaging methods. In moderate to severe forms of axon injury, damaged axons become dilated and therefore readily detectible by light microscopy. However, in more subtle forms of injury, the damaged axons may remain undilated and therefore difficult to detect. NEW METHOD Here we present a method for adapting array tomography for the identification and quantification of injured axons. In this technique, ultrathin (∼70 nm) plastic sections of tissue are prepared, labeled with axon injury-relevant antibodies and imaged using conventional epifluorescence. RESULTS To demonstrate the use of array-tomography-based methods, we determined that mice that received two closed-skull concussive traumatic brain injury impacts had significantly increased numbers of non-dilated axons that were immunoreactive for non-phosphorylated neurofilament (SMI-32; a marker of axonal injury), compared to sham mice (1682±628 versus 339±52 per mm(2), p=0.004, one-tailed Mann-Whitney U test). Tubulin loss was not evident (p=0.2063, one-tailed Mann-Whitney U test). Furthermore, mice that were subjected to more severe injury had a loss of tubulin in addition to both dilated and non-dilated SMI-32 immunoreactive axons indicating that this technique is suitable for the analysis of various injury conditions. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD With array tomography we could detect similar overall numbers of axons as electron microscopy, but accurate diameter measurements were limited to those with diameters >200 nm. Importantly, array tomography had greater sensitivity for detecting small non-dilated injured axons compared with conventional immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSION Imaging of individual axons and quantification of subtle axonal injury is possible using this array tomography method. This method may be most useful for the assessment of concussive injuries and other pathologies in which injured axons are not typically dilated. The ability to process moderately large volumes of tissue, label multiple proteins of interest, and automate analysis support array tomography as a useful alternative to electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Bennett
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David L Brody
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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29
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Qureshi AI, Saed A, Tasneem N, Adil MM. Neuroanatomical correlates of atrial fibrillation: a longitudinal MRI study. JOURNAL OF VASCULAR AND INTERVENTIONAL NEUROLOGY 2014; 7:18-23. [PMID: 25566337 PMCID: PMC4280875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To determine baseline volume and rate of volume change of whole brain, hippocampus, and entorhinal cortex in patients with atrial fibrillation. METHODS We analyzed clinical and neuroimaging data collected as part of Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative in the United States and Canada. Patients with atrial fibrillation were identified based on baseline clinical/cognitive assessments, and age and gender-matched controls without atrial fibrillations were selected (1:1 ratio). All participants underwent 1.5 T structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at specified intervals (6 or 12 months) for 2-3 years. RESULTS A total of 33 persons with atrial fibrillation were included. There was no difference in whole brain and ventricular volumes at baseline MRI between cases and controls. There was significantly lower entorhinal cortex volume on right (p = 0.01) and left (p = 0.01) sides in patients with atrial fibrillation. There was significantly lower volume for middle temporal lobes on right (p = 0.04) and left (p = 0.001) sides. The rate of progression of atrophy in entorhinal cortex and middle temporal lobes was not different between patients with atrial fibrillation and controls. CONCLUSIONS The association of atrial fibrillation with volume loss in entorhinal cortex and middle temporal lobes may provide new insights into pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aveen Saed
- Zeenat Qureshi Stroke Institute, St. Cloud, MN 56303, USA
| | - Nudrat Tasneem
- Zeenat Qureshi Stroke Institute, St. Cloud, MN 56303, USA
| | - Malik M Adil
- Zeenat Qureshi Stroke Institute, St. Cloud, MN 56303, USA
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30
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Lei P, Ayton S, Moon S, Zhang Q, Volitakis I, Finkelstein DI, Bush AI. Motor and cognitive deficits in aged tau knockout mice in two background strains. Mol Neurodegener 2014; 9:29. [PMID: 25124182 PMCID: PMC4141346 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1326-9-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We recently reported that Parkinsonian and dementia phenotypes emerge between 7-12 months of age in tau-/- mice on a Bl6/129sv mixed background. These observations were partially replicated by another group using pure Bl6 background tau-/- mice, but notably they did not observe a cognitive phenotype. A third group using Bl6 background tau-/- mice found cognitive impairment at 20-months of age. Results To reconcile the observations, here we considered the genetic, dietary and environmental variables in both studies, and performed an extended set of behavioral studies on 12-month old tau+/+, tau+/-, and tau-/- mice comparing Bl6/129sv to Bl6 backgrounds. We found that tau-/- in both backgrounds exhibited reduced tyrosine hydroxylase-positive nigral neuron and impaired motor function in all assays used, which was ameliorated by oral treatment with L-DOPA, and not confounded by changes in body weight. Tau-/- in the C57BL6/SV129 background exhibited deficits in the Y-maze cognition task, but the mice on the Bl6 background did not. Conclusions These results validate our previous report on the neurodegenerative phenotypes of aged tau-/- mice, and show that genetic background may impact the extent of cognitive impairment in these mice. Therefore excessive lowering of tau should be avoided in therapeutic strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ashley I Bush
- Oxidation Biology Unit, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Spires-Jones TL, Hyman BT. The intersection of amyloid beta and tau at synapses in Alzheimer's disease. Neuron 2014; 82:756-71. [PMID: 24853936 PMCID: PMC4135182 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 758] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The collapse of neural networks important for memory and cognition, including death of neurons and degeneration of synapses, causes the debilitating dementia associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). We suggest that synaptic changes are central to the disease process. Amyloid beta and tau form fibrillar lesions that are the classical hallmarks of AD. Recent data indicate that both molecules may have normal roles at the synapse, and that the accumulation of soluble toxic forms of the proteins at the synapse may be on the critical path to neurodegeneration. Further, the march of neurofibrillary tangles through brain circuits appears to take advantage of recently described mechanisms of transsynaptic spread of pathological forms of tau. These two key phenomena, synapse loss and the spread of pathology through the brain via synapses, make it critical to understand the physiological and pathological roles of amyloid beta and tau at the synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara L Spires-Jones
- Centre for Cognitive and Neural Systems, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK; The Euan MacDonald Centre, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK.
| | - Bradley T Hyman
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Neurology, 114 16(th) Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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Cochran JN, Hall AM, Roberson ED. The dendritic hypothesis for Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology. Brain Res Bull 2014; 103:18-28. [PMID: 24333192 PMCID: PMC3989444 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Converging evidence indicates that processes occurring in and around neuronal dendrites are central to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. These data support the concept of a "dendritic hypothesis" of AD, closely related to the existing synaptic hypothesis. Here we detail dendritic neuropathology in the disease and examine how Aβ, tau, and AD genetic risk factors affect dendritic structure and function. Finally, we consider potential mechanisms by which these key drivers could affect dendritic integrity and disease progression. These dendritic mechanisms serve as a framework for therapeutic target identification and for efforts to develop disease-modifying therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nicholas Cochran
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Alicia M Hall
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Erik D Roberson
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
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Spires-Jones TL, Friedman T, Pitstick R, Polydoro M, Roe A, Carlson GA, Hyman BT. Methylene blue does not reverse existing neurofibrillary tangle pathology in the rTg4510 mouse model of tauopathy. Neurosci Lett 2014; 562:63-8. [PMID: 24462887 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is characterized pathologically by aggregation of amyloid beta into senile plaques and aggregation of pathologically modified tau into neurofibrillary tangles. While changes in amyloid processing are strongly implicated in disease initiation, the recent failure of amyloid-based therapies has highlighted the importance of tau as a therapeutic target. "Tangle busting" compounds including methylene blue and analogous molecules are currently being evaluated as therapeutics in Alzheimer's disease. Previous studies indicated that methylene blue can reverse tau aggregation in vitro after 10 min, and subsequent studies suggested that high levels of drug reduce tau protein levels (assessed biochemically) in vivo. Here, we tested whether methylene blue could remove established neurofibrillary tangles in the rTg4510 model of tauopathy, which develops robust tangle pathology. We find that 6 weeks of methylene blue dosing in the water from 16 months to 17.5 months of age decreases soluble tau but does not remove sarkosyl insoluble tau, or histologically defined PHF1 or Gallyas positive tangle pathology. These data indicate that methylene blue treatment will likely not rapidly reverse existing tangle pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara L Spires-Jones
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
| | - Taylor Friedman
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | | | - Manuela Polydoro
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Allyson Roe
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | | | - Bradley T Hyman
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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