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Bondrescu M, Dehelean L, Farcas SS, Papava I, Nicoras V, Mager DV, Grecescu AE, Podaru PA, Andreescu NI. COMT and Neuregulin 1 Markers for Personalized Treatment of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Treated with Risperidone Monotherapy. Biomolecules 2024; 14:777. [PMID: 39062492 PMCID: PMC11275090 DOI: 10.3390/biom14070777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pharmacogenetic markers are current targets for the personalized treatment of psychosis. Limited data exist on COMT and NRG1 polymorphisms in relation to risperidone treatment. This study focuses on the impact of COMT rs4680 and NRG1 (rs35753505, rs3924999) polymorphisms on risperidone treatment in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs). This study included 103 subjects with SSD treated with risperidone monotherapy. COMT rs4680, NRG1 rs35753505, and rs3924999 were analyzed by RT-PCR. Participants were evaluated via the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) after six weeks. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were collected. COMT rs4680 genotypes significantly differed in PANSS N scores at admission: AG>AA genotypes (p = 0.03). After six weeks of risperidone, PANSS G improvement was AA>GG (p = 0.05). The PANSS total score was as follows: AA>AG (p = 0.04), AA>GG (p = 0.02). NRG1 rs35753504 genotypes significantly differed across educational levels, with CC>CT (p = 0.02), and regarding the number of episodes, TT>CC, CT>CC (p = 0.01). The PANSS total score after six weeks of treatment showed a better improvement for TT
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Bondrescu
- Department of Neurosciences-Psychiatry, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (M.B.); (I.P.)
- Timis County Emergency Clinical Hospital “Pius Brinzeu”, Liviu Rebreanu 156, 300723 Timisoara, Romania; (V.N.); (D.V.M.); (A.E.G.)
- Doctoral School, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Liana Dehelean
- Department of Neurosciences-Psychiatry, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (M.B.); (I.P.)
- Timis County Emergency Clinical Hospital “Pius Brinzeu”, Liviu Rebreanu 156, 300723 Timisoara, Romania; (V.N.); (D.V.M.); (A.E.G.)
| | - Simona Sorina Farcas
- Discipline of Medical Genetics, Department of Microscopic Morphology, Center of Genomic Medicine “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (S.S.F.); (N.I.A.)
| | - Ion Papava
- Department of Neurosciences-Psychiatry, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (M.B.); (I.P.)
- Timis County Emergency Clinical Hospital “Pius Brinzeu”, Liviu Rebreanu 156, 300723 Timisoara, Romania; (V.N.); (D.V.M.); (A.E.G.)
| | - Vlad Nicoras
- Timis County Emergency Clinical Hospital “Pius Brinzeu”, Liviu Rebreanu 156, 300723 Timisoara, Romania; (V.N.); (D.V.M.); (A.E.G.)
| | - Dana Violeta Mager
- Timis County Emergency Clinical Hospital “Pius Brinzeu”, Liviu Rebreanu 156, 300723 Timisoara, Romania; (V.N.); (D.V.M.); (A.E.G.)
| | - Anca Eliza Grecescu
- Timis County Emergency Clinical Hospital “Pius Brinzeu”, Liviu Rebreanu 156, 300723 Timisoara, Romania; (V.N.); (D.V.M.); (A.E.G.)
| | - Petre Adrian Podaru
- Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics, West University of Timisoara, Vasile Parvan 4, 300223 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Nicoleta Ioana Andreescu
- Discipline of Medical Genetics, Department of Microscopic Morphology, Center of Genomic Medicine “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (S.S.F.); (N.I.A.)
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Palmisano A, Pandit S, Smeralda CL, Demchenko I, Rossi S, Battelli L, Rivolta D, Bhat V, Santarnecchi E. The Pathophysiological Underpinnings of Gamma-Band Alterations in Psychiatric Disorders. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:578. [PMID: 38792599 PMCID: PMC11122172 DOI: 10.3390/life14050578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Investigating the biophysiological substrates of psychiatric illnesses is of great interest to our understanding of disorders' etiology, the identification of reliable biomarkers, and potential new therapeutic avenues. Schizophrenia represents a consolidated model of γ alterations arising from the aberrant activity of parvalbumin-positive GABAergic interneurons, whose dysfunction is associated with perineuronal net impairment and neuroinflammation. This model of pathogenesis is supported by molecular, cellular, and functional evidence. Proof for alterations of γ oscillations and their underlying mechanisms has also been reported in bipolar disorder and represents an emerging topic for major depressive disorder. Although evidence from animal models needs to be further elucidated in humans, the pathophysiology of γ-band alteration represents a common denominator for different neuropsychiatric disorders. The purpose of this narrative review is to outline a framework of converging results in psychiatric conditions characterized by γ abnormality, from neurochemical dysfunction to alterations in brain rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Palmisano
- Chair of Lifespan Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Precision Neuroscience and Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA (E.S.)
- Department of Education, Psychology, and Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Siddhartha Pandit
- Precision Neuroscience and Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA (E.S.)
| | - Carmelo L. Smeralda
- Precision Neuroscience and Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA (E.S.)
- Siena Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation (SI-BIN) Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Section, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Ilya Demchenko
- Interventional Psychiatry Program, St. Michael’s Hospital—Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (I.D.)
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Simone Rossi
- Siena Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation (SI-BIN) Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Section, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Lorella Battelli
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems@UniTn, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 38068 Rovereto, Italy
| | - Davide Rivolta
- Department of Education, Psychology, and Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Venkat Bhat
- Interventional Psychiatry Program, St. Michael’s Hospital—Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (I.D.)
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Emiliano Santarnecchi
- Precision Neuroscience and Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA (E.S.)
- Department of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Tendilla-Beltrán H, Garcés-Ramírez L, Martínez-Vásquez E, Nakakawa A, Gómez-Villalobos MDJ, Flores G. Differential Effects of Neonatal Ventral Hippocampus Lesion on Behavior and Corticolimbic Plasticity in Wistar-Kyoto and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:959-979. [PMID: 38157113 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04074-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Dysfunction of the corticolimbic system, particularly at the dendritic spine level, is a recognized core mechanism in neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia. Neonatal ventral hippocampus lesion (NVHL) in Sprague-Dawley rats induces both a schizophrenia-related behavioral phenotype and dendritic spine pathology (reduced total number and mature spines) in corticolimbic areas, which is mitigated by antipsychotics. However, there is limited information on the impact of rat strain on NVHL outcomes and antipsychotic effects. We compared the behavioral performance in the open field, novel object recognition (NORT), and social interaction tests, as well as structural neuroplasticity with the Golgi-Cox stain in Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive (SH) male rats with and without NVHL. Additionally, we explored the effect of the atypical antipsychotic risperidone (RISP). WKY rats with NVHL displayed motor hyperactivity without impairments in memory and social behavior, accompanied by dendritic spine pathology in the neurons of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) layer 3 and basolateral amygdala. RISP treatment reduced motor activity and had subtle and selective effects on the neuroplasticity alterations. In SH rats, NVHL increased the time spent in the border area during the open field test, impaired the short-term performance in NORT, and reduced social interaction time, deficits that were corrected after RISP administration. The NVHL caused dendritic spine pathology in the PFC layers 3 and 5 of SH rats, which RISP treatment ameliorated. Our results support the utility of the NVHL model for exploring neuroplasticity mechanisms in schizophrenia and understanding pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiram Tendilla-Beltrán
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), 14 Sur 6301, 72570, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Linda Garcés-Ramírez
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edwin Martínez-Vásquez
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), 14 Sur 6301, 72570, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Andrea Nakakawa
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), 14 Sur 6301, 72570, Puebla, Mexico
| | | | - Gonzalo Flores
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), 14 Sur 6301, 72570, Puebla, Mexico.
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Reyes-Lizaola S, Luna-Zarate U, Tendilla-Beltrán H, Morales-Medina JC, Flores G. Structural and biochemical alterations in dendritic spines as key mechanisms for severe mental illnesses. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 129:110876. [PMID: 37863171 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Severe mental illnesses (SMI) collectively affect approximately 20% of the global population, as estimated by the World Health Organization (WHO). Despite having diverse etiologies, clinical symptoms, and pharmacotherapies, these diseases share a common pathophysiological characteristic: the misconnection of brain areas involved in reality perception, executive control, and cognition, including the corticolimbic system. Dendritic spines play a crucial role in excitatory neurotransmission within the central nervous system. These small structures exhibit remarkable plasticity, regulated by factors such as neurotransmitter tone, neurotrophic factors, and innate immunity-related molecules, and other mechanisms - all of which are associated with the pathophysiology of SMI. However, studying dendritic spine mechanisms in both healthy and pathological conditions in patients is fraught with technical limitations. This is where animal models related to these diseases become indispensable. They have played a pivotal role in elucidating the significance of dendritic spines in SMI. In this review, the information regarding the potential role of dendritic spines in SMI was summarized, drawing from clinical and animal model reports. Also, the implications of targeting dendritic spine-related molecules for SMI treatment were explored. Specifically, our focus is on major depressive disorder and the neurodevelopmental disorders schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder. Abundant clinical and basic research has studied the functional and structural plasticity of dendritic spines in these diseases, along with potential pharmacological targets that modulate the dynamics of these structures. These targets may be associated with the clinical efficacy of the pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Reyes-Lizaola
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Licenciatura en Medicina, Universidad Popular del Estado de Puebla (UPAEP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Ulises Luna-Zarate
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Licenciatura en Medicina, Universidad de las Américas Puebla (UDLAP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Hiram Tendilla-Beltrán
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Julio César Morales-Medina
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, CINVESTAV-Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Gonzalo Flores
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico.
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Dutra-Tavares AC, Souza TP, Silva JO, Semeão KA, Mello FF, Filgueiras CC, Ribeiro-Carvalho A, Manhães AC, Abreu-Villaça Y. Neonatal phencyclidine as a model of sex-biased schizophrenia symptomatology in adolescent mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023; 240:2111-2129. [PMID: 37530885 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06434-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Sex-biased differences in schizophrenia are evident in several features of the disease, including symptomatology and response to pharmacological treatments. As a neurodevelopmental disorder, these differences might originate early in life and emerge later during adolescence. Considering that the disruption of the glutamatergic system during development is known to contribute to schizophrenia, we hypothesized that the neonatal phencyclidine model could induce sex-dependent behavioral and neurochemical changes associated with this disorder during adolescence. C57BL/6 mice received either saline or phencyclidine (5, 10, or 20 mg/kg) on postnatal days (PN) 7, 9, and 11. Behavioral assessment occurred in late adolescence (PN48-50), when mice were submitted to the open field, social interaction, and prepulse inhibition tests. Either olanzapine or saline was administered before each test. The NMDAR obligatory GluN1 subunit and the postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) were evaluated in the frontal cortex and hippocampus at early (PN30) and late (PN50) adolescence. Neonatal phencyclidine evoked dose-dependent deficits in all analyzed behaviors and males were more susceptible. Males also had reduced GluN1 expression in the frontal cortex at PN30. There were late-emergent effects at PN50. Cortical GluN1 was increased in both sexes, while phencyclidine increased cortical and decreased hippocampal PSD-95 in females. Olanzapine failed to mitigate most phencyclidine-evoked alterations. In some instances, this antipsychotic aggravated the deficits or potentiated subthreshold effects. These results lend support to the use of neonatal phencyclidine as a sex-biased neurodevelopmental preclinical model of schizophrenia. Olanzapine null effects and deleterious outcomes suggest that its use during adolescence should be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Dutra-Tavares
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Av. Prof. Manuel de Abreu 444, 5 andar, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-170, Brazil
| | - Thainá P Souza
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Av. Prof. Manuel de Abreu 444, 5 andar, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-170, Brazil
| | - Juliana O Silva
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Av. Prof. Manuel de Abreu 444, 5 andar, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-170, Brazil
| | - Keila A Semeão
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Av. Prof. Manuel de Abreu 444, 5 andar, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-170, Brazil
| | - Felipe F Mello
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Av. Prof. Manuel de Abreu 444, 5 andar, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-170, Brazil
| | - Claudio C Filgueiras
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Av. Prof. Manuel de Abreu 444, 5 andar, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-170, Brazil
| | - Anderson Ribeiro-Carvalho
- Departamento de Ciências, Faculdade de Formação de Professores da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), RJ, São Gonçalo, Brazil
| | - Alex C Manhães
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Av. Prof. Manuel de Abreu 444, 5 andar, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-170, Brazil
| | - Yael Abreu-Villaça
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Av. Prof. Manuel de Abreu 444, 5 andar, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-170, Brazil.
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Martín-Hernández D, Muñoz-López M, Tendilla-Beltrán H, Caso JR, García-Bueno B, Menchén L, Leza JC. Immune System and Brain/Intestinal Barrier Functions in Psychiatric Diseases: Is Sphingosine-1-Phosphate at the Helm? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12634. [PMID: 37628815 PMCID: PMC10454107 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, extensive research has shed light on immune alterations and the significance of dysfunctional biological barriers in psychiatric disorders. The leaky gut phenomenon, intimately linked to the integrity of both brain and intestinal barriers, may play a crucial role in the origin of peripheral and central inflammation in these pathologies. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid that regulates both the immune response and the permeability of biological barriers. Notably, S1P-based drugs, such as fingolimod and ozanimod, have received approval for treating multiple sclerosis, an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS), and ulcerative colitis, an inflammatory condition of the colon, respectively. Although the precise mechanisms of action are still under investigation, the effectiveness of S1P-based drugs in treating these pathologies sparks a debate on extending their use in psychiatry. This comprehensive review aims to delve into the molecular mechanisms through which S1P modulates the immune system and brain/intestinal barrier functions. Furthermore, it will specifically focus on psychiatric diseases, with the primary objective of uncovering the potential of innovative therapies based on S1P signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Martín-Hernández
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-L.); (J.R.C.); (B.G.-B.); (J.C.L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERSAM, ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Muñoz-López
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-L.); (J.R.C.); (B.G.-B.); (J.C.L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERSAM, ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hiram Tendilla-Beltrán
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), 72570 Puebla, Mexico;
| | - Javier R. Caso
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-L.); (J.R.C.); (B.G.-B.); (J.C.L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERSAM, ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja García-Bueno
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-L.); (J.R.C.); (B.G.-B.); (J.C.L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERSAM, ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Menchén
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBEREHD, ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan C. Leza
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-L.); (J.R.C.); (B.G.-B.); (J.C.L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERSAM, ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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7
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Apam-Castillejos DJ, Tendilla-Beltrán H, Vázquez-Roque RA, Vázquez-Hernández AJ, Fuentes-Medel E, García-Dolores F, Díaz A, Flores G. Second-generation antipsychotic olanzapine attenuates behavioral and prefrontal cortex synaptic plasticity deficits in a neurodevelopmental schizophrenia-related rat model. J Chem Neuroanat 2022; 125:102166. [PMID: 36156295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Second-generation antipsychotics are the drugs of choice for the treatment of neurodevelopmental-related mental diseases such as schizophrenia. Despite the effectiveness of these drugs to ameliorate some of the symptoms of schizophrenia, specifically the positive ones, the mechanisms beyond their antipsychotic effect are still poorly understood. Specifically, second-generation antipsychotics are reported to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroplastic properties. Using the neonatal ventral hippocampus lesion (nVHL) in the rat, an accepted schizophrenia-related model, we evaluated the effect of the second-generation antipsychotic olanzapine (OLZ) in the behavioral, neuroplastic, and neuroinflammatory alterations exhibited in the nVHL animals. OLZ corrected the hyperlocomotion and impaired working memory of the nVHL animals but failed to enhance social disturbances of these animals. In the prefrontal cortex (PFC), OLZ restored the pyramidal cell structural plasticity in the nVHL rats, enhancing the dendritic arbor length, the spinogenesis and the proportion of mature spines. Moreover, OLZ attenuated astrogliosis as well as some pro-inflammatory, oxidative stress, and apoptosis-related molecules in the PFC. These findings reinforce the evidence of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neurotrophic mechanisms of second-generation antipsychotics in the nVHL schizophrenia-related model, which allows for the possibility of developing more specific drugs for this disorder and thus avoiding the side effects of current schizophrenia treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Estefania Fuentes-Medel
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas (FCQ), Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Mexico
| | - Fernando García-Dolores
- Instituto de Ciencias Forenses del Tribunal Superior de Justicia de la Ciudad de México (TSJCDMX), Mexico
| | - Alfonso Díaz
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas (FCQ), Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Mexico
| | - Gonzalo Flores
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Mexico.
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Liu H, Liu H, Jiang S, Su L, Lu Y, Chen Z, Li X, Li X, Wang X, Xiu M, Zhang X. Sex-Specific Association between Antioxidant Defense System and Therapeutic Response to Risperidone in Schizophrenia: A Prospective Longitudinal Study. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1793-1803. [PMID: 34766896 PMCID: PMC9881066 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666211111123918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are various differences in response to different antipsychotics and antioxidant defense systems (ADS) by sex. Previous studies have shown that several ADS enzymes are closely related to the treatment response of patients with antipsychotics-naïve first-episode (ANFE) schizophrenia. OBJECTIVE Therefore, the main goal of this study was to assess the sex difference in the relationship between changes in ADS enzyme activities and risperidone response. METHODS The plasma activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total antioxidant status (TAS) were measured in 218 patients and 125 healthy controls. Patients were treated with risperidone for 3 months, and we measured PANSS for psychopathological symptoms and ADS biomarkers at baseline and at the end of 3 months of treatment. We compared sex-specific group differences between 50 non-responders and 168 responders at baseline and at the end of the three months of treatment. RESULTS We found that female patients responded better to risperidone treatment than male patients. At baseline and 3-month follow-up, there were no significant sex differences in TAS levels and three ADS enzyme activities. Interestingly, only in female patients, after 12 weeks of risperidone treatment, the GPx activity of responders was higher than that of non-responders. CONCLUSION These results indicate that after treatment with risperidone, changes in GPx activity were associated with treatment response, suggesting that changes in GPx may be a predictor of response to risperidone treatment in female patients with ANFE schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan, China;
| | - Hua Liu
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China;
| | - Shuling Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Linyi Central Hospital, Shandong, China;
| | - Lei Su
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan, China;
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan, China;
| | - Zhenli Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan, China;
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan, China;
| | - Xirong Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan, China;
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; ,Address correspondence to these authors at the CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; E-mail: ; Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; E-mail: ; Linyin Road, Qixing District, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China; E-mail:
| | - Meihong Xiu
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China; ,Address correspondence to these authors at the CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; E-mail: ; Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; E-mail: ; Linyin Road, Qixing District, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China; E-mail:
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Address correspondence to these authors at the CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; E-mail: ; Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; E-mail: ; Linyin Road, Qixing District, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China; E-mail:
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9
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Liu H, Yu R, Gao Y, Li X, Guan X, Thomas K, Xiu M, Zhang X. Antioxidant Enzymes and Weight Gain in Drug-naive First-episode Schizophrenia Patients Treated with Risperidone for 12 Weeks: A Prospective Longitudinal Study. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1774-1782. [PMID: 34544343 PMCID: PMC9881063 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210920090547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress plays an important role in weight gain induced by antipsychotics in schizophrenia (SCZ). However, little is known about how antioxidant enzymes are involved in weight gain caused by risperidone monotherapy in antipsychotics-naïve first-episode (ANFE) patients with SCZ. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of risperidone on several antioxidant enzymes in patients with ANFE SCZ and the relationship between weight gain and changes in antioxidant enzyme activities. OBJECTIVE The activities of plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), as well as the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in 225 ANFE patients and 125 healthy controls. METHODS Patients were treated with risperidone monotherapy for 12 weeks. Clinical symptoms, antioxidant enzyme activities, and MDA levels were measured at baseline and during follow-up. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, the patients showed higher activities of SOD and CAT but lower MDA levels and GPx activity. At baseline, the CAT activity was associated with body weight or BMI. Further, based on a 7% weight increase from baseline to follow-up, we found 75 patients in the weight gain (WG) group and 150 patients in the non-WG group. Comparing SOD, CAT, GPx activities and MDA levels between the WG group and the non-WG group at baseline and during the 12-week follow-up, it was found that after treatment, the SOD activity in the WG group increased while the MDA level decreased in the non-WG group. Moreover, baseline SOD and GPx activities were predictors of weight gain at 12-week follow-up. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the antioxidant defense system may have predictive value for the weight gain of ANFE SCZ patients after risperidone treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan, China;
| | - Rui Yu
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China;
| | - Yanan Gao
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China;
| | - Xirong Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan, China;
| | - Xiaoni Guan
- Peking University HuiLong Guan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China;
| | - Kosten Thomas
- Mental Health Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas; Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston,Texas;
| | - Meihong Xiu
- Peking University HuiLong Guan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China; ,Address correspondence to these authors at the CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Tel: (86-10) 64879520; E-mail: ; Peking University HuiLong Guan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China; Tel: (86-10) 83024429; E-mail:
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Address correspondence to these authors at the CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Tel: (86-10) 64879520; E-mail: ; Peking University HuiLong Guan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China; Tel: (86-10) 83024429; E-mail:
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10
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Sánchez‐Olguin CP, Zamudio SR, Guzmán‐Velázquez S, Márquez‐Portillo M, Caba‐Flores MD, Camacho‐Abrego I, Flores G, Melo AI. Neonatal ventral hippocampus lesion disrupts maternal behavior in rats: An animal model of schizophrenia. Dev Psychobiol 2022; 64:e22283. [DOI: 10.1002/dev.22283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia P. Sánchez‐Olguin
- Departamento de Fisiología Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas Instituto Politécnico Nacional Mexico City Mexico
- Maestría en Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala Tlaxcala Mexico
| | - Sergio R. Zamudio
- Departamento de Fisiología Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas Instituto Politécnico Nacional Mexico City Mexico
| | - Sonia Guzmán‐Velázquez
- Departamento de Fisiología Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas Instituto Politécnico Nacional Mexico City Mexico
| | - Mariana Márquez‐Portillo
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal CINVESTAV Laboratorio Tlaxcala Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala Tlaxcala Mexico
| | | | - Israel Camacho‐Abrego
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría Instituto de Fisiología Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Puebla Mexico
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala Tlaxcala Mexico
| | - Gonzalo Flores
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría Instituto de Fisiología Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Puebla Mexico
| | - Angel I. Melo
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal CINVESTAV Laboratorio Tlaxcala Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala Tlaxcala Mexico
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11
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Białoń M, Wąsik A. Advantages and Limitations of Animal Schizophrenia Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115968. [PMID: 35682647 PMCID: PMC9181262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental illness modeling is still a major challenge for scientists. Animal models of schizophrenia are essential to gain a better understanding of the disease etiopathology and mechanism of action of currently used antipsychotic drugs and help in the search for new and more effective therapies. We can distinguish among pharmacological, genetic, and neurodevelopmental models offering various neuroanatomical disorders and a different spectrum of symptoms of schizophrenia. Modeling schizophrenia is based on inducing damage or changes in the activity of relevant regions in the rodent brain (mainly the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus). Such artificially induced dysfunctions approximately correspond to the lesions found in patients with schizophrenia. However, notably, animal models of mental illness have numerous limitations and never fully reflect the disease state observed in humans.
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12
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Zhang H, Gao X. Effects of scalp cluster needling on cognition and oxidative stress in a rat model of schizophrenia. WORLD JOURNAL OF ACUPUNCTURE-MOXIBUSTION 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wjam.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Present and future antipsychotic drugs: a systematic review of the putative mechanisms of action for efficacy and a critical appraisal under a translational perspective. Pharmacol Res 2022; 176:106078. [PMID: 35026403 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Antipsychotics represent the mainstay of schizophrenia pharmacological therapy, and their role has been expanded in the last years to mood disorders treatment. Although introduced in 1952, many years of research were required before an accurate picture of how antipsychotics work began to emerge. Despite the well-recognized characterization of antipsychotics in typical and atypical based on their liability to induce motor adverse events, their main action at dopamine D2R to elicit the "anti-psychotic" effect, as well as the multimodal action at other classes of receptors, their effects on intracellular mechanisms starting with receptor occupancy is still not completely understood. Significant lines of evidence converge on the impact of these compounds on multiple molecular signaling pathways implicated in the regulation of early genes and growth factors, dendritic spine shape, brain inflammation, and immune response, tuning overall the function and architecture of the synapse. Here we present, based on PRISMA approach, a comprehensive and systematic review of the above mechanisms under a translational perspective to disentangle those intracellular actions and signaling that may underline clinically relevant effects and represent potential targets for further innovative strategies in antipsychotic therapy.
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14
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Coatl-Cuaya H, Tendilla-Beltrán H, de Jesús-Vásquez LM, Garcés-Ramírez L, Gómez-Villalobos MDJ, Flores G. Losartan enhances cognitive and structural neuroplasticity impairments in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Chem Neuroanat 2021; 120:102061. [PMID: 34952137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.102061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a risk factor for vascular dementia, which is the second most prevalent type of dementia, just behind Alzheimer's disease. This highlights the brain vulnerability due to hypertension, which may increase with aging. Thus, studying how hypertension affects neural cells and behavior, as well as the effects of antihypertensives on these alterations, it's important to understand the hypertension consequences in the brain. The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) has been useful for the study of hypertension alterations in diverse organs, including the brain. Thus, we studied the losartan effects on cognitive and structural neuroplasticity impairments in SHR of 10 months of age. In the first instance, we evaluated the losartan effects on exploratory behavior and novel object recognition test (NORT) in the SHR. Then, we assessed the density and morphology of dendritic spines of pyramidal neurons from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) layers 3 and 5, and CA1 of the dorsal Hp (dHp). Our results indicate that in SHR, losartan treatment (2 months, 15 mg/Kg/day) reduces high blood pressure to age-matched vehicle-treated Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat levels. Moreover, losartan improved long-term memory in SHR compared with age-matched vehicle-treated WKY rats, without affecting the locomotor and anxiety behaviors. The behavioral improvement of the SHR can be associated with the increase in the number of dendritic spines and the mushroom spine population in the PFC and the dHp. In conclusion, losartan enhances cognitive impairments by controlling the high blood pressure and improving neuroplasticity in animals with chronic hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heriberto Coatl-Cuaya
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico; Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), CDMX, Mexico
| | - Hiram Tendilla-Beltrán
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico; Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), CDMX, Mexico
| | | | - Linda Garcés-Ramírez
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), CDMX, Mexico
| | | | - Gonzalo Flores
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico.
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15
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Long-term effect of neonatal antagonism of ionotropic glutamate receptors on dendritic spines and cognitive function in rats. J Chem Neuroanat 2021; 119:102054. [PMID: 34839003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.102054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate is the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the hippocampus where mediates its actions by activating glutamate receptors. The activation of these receptors is essential for the maintenance and dynamics of dendritic spines and plasticity that correlate with learning and memory processes during neurodevelopment and adulthood. We studied in adults the effect of blocking ionotropic glutamate receptors (NMDAR, AMPAR, and KAR) functions at neonatal age (PD1-PD15) with their respective antagonists D-AP5, GYKI-53655 and UBP-302. We first evaluated memory using a new object recognition test in adults. Second, we evaluated the levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein, synaptophysin and actin with immunohistochemistry in the CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus regions of the hippocampus and, finally, the number of dendritic spines and their dynamics using Golgi-Cox staining. We found that ionotropic glutamate receptor function blockade at neonatal age causes a reduction in short and long-term memory in adulthood and a reduction in the expression of synaptophysin and actin protein levels in the hippocampus regions studied. This blockade also reduced the number of dendritic spines and modified dendritic dynamics in the CA1 region. The antagonism of the three types of ionotropic glutamate receptors reduced the mushrooms and bifurcated types of spines and increased the thin spines. The number of stubby spines was reduced by D-AP5, increased by UPB-302, and not affected by GYKI-53655. Our results indicate that the blockade of neonatal ionotropic glutamate receptors produces alterations that persist until adulthood.
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16
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Amphetamine sensitization alters hippocampal neuronal morphology and memory and learning behaviors. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:4784-4794. [PMID: 32555421 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0809-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It is known that continuous abuse of amphetamine (AMPH) results in alterations in neuronal structure and cognitive behaviors related to the reward system. However, the impact of AMPH abuse on the hippocampus remains unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the damage caused by AMPH in the hippocampus in an addiction model. We reproduced the AMPH sensitization model proposed by Robinson et al. in 1997 and performed the novel object recognition test (NORt) to evaluate learning and memory behaviors. After the NORt, we performed Golgi-Cox staining, a stereological cell count, immunohistochemistry to determine the presence of GFAP, CASP3, and MT-III, and evaluated oxidative stress in the hippocampus. We found that AMPH treatment generates impairment in short- and long-term memories and a decrease in neuronal density in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. The morphological test showed an increase in the total dendritic length, but a decrease in the number of mature spines in the CA1 region. GFAP labeling increased in the CA1 region and MT-III increased in the CA1 and CA3 regions. Finally, we found a decrease in Zn concentration in the hippocampus after AMPH treatment. An increase in the dopaminergic tone caused by AMPH sensitization generates oxidative stress, neuronal death, and morphological changes in the hippocampus that affect cognitive behaviors like short- and long-term memories.
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17
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Tendilla-Beltrán H, Coatl-Cuaya H, Meneses-Prado S, Vázquez-Roque RA, Brambila E, Tapia-Rodríguez M, Martín-Hernández D, Garcés-Ramírez L, Madrigal JLM, Leza JC, Flores G. Neuroplasticity and inflammatory alterations in the nucleus accumbens are corrected after risperidone treatment in a schizophrenia-related developmental model in rats. Schizophr Res 2021; 235:17-28. [PMID: 34298239 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Increased dopaminergic activity in the striatum underlies the neurobiology of psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia (SZ). Beyond the impaired connectivity among the limbic system, the excess of dopamine could lead to inflammation and oxidative/nitrosative stress. It has been suggested that atypical antipsychotic drugs attenuate psychosis not only due to their modulatory activity on the dopaminergic/serotonergic neurotransmission but also due to their anti-inflammatory/antioxidant effects. In such a manner, we assessed the effects of the atypical antipsychotic risperidone (RISP) on the structural neuroplasticity and biochemistry of the striatum in adult rats with neonatal ventral hippocampus lesion (NVHL), which is a developmental SZ-related model. RISP administration (0.25 mg/kg, i.p.) ameliorated the neuronal atrophy and the impairments in the morphology of the dendritic spines in the spiny projection neurons (SPNs) of the ventral striatum (nucleus accumbens: NAcc) in the NVHL rats. Also, RISP treatment normalized the pro-inflammatory pathways and induced the antioxidant activity of the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) in this model. Our results point to the neurotrophic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects of RISP, together with its canonical antipsychotic mechanism, to enhance striatum function in animals with NVHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiram Tendilla-Beltrán
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla 72570, Mexico; Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), CDMX 11340, Mexico; Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid 28040, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), UCM, Spain
| | - Heriberto Coatl-Cuaya
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla 72570, Mexico; Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), CDMX 11340, Mexico
| | - Silvia Meneses-Prado
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | | | | | - Miguel Tapia-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIBO), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), CDMX 04510, Mexico
| | - David Martín-Hernández
- Servicio de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente, Instituto de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Linda Garcés-Ramírez
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), CDMX 11340, Mexico
| | - José L M Madrigal
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid 28040, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), UCM, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Juan C Leza
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid 28040, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), UCM, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - Gonzalo Flores
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla 72570, Mexico.
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Numan R. The Prefrontal-Hippocampal Comparator: Volition and Episodic Memory. Percept Mot Skills 2021; 128:2421-2447. [PMID: 34424092 DOI: 10.1177/00315125211041341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This review describes recent research that is relevant to the prefrontal-hippocampal comparator model with the following conclusions: 1. Hippocampal area CA1 serves, at least in part, as an associative match-mismatch comparator. 2. Voluntary movement strengthens episodic memories for goal-directed behavior. 3. Hippocampal theta power serves as a prediction error signal during hippocampal dependent tasks. 4. The self-referential component of episodic memory in humans is mediated by the corollary discharge (the efference copy of the action plan developed by prefrontal cortex and transmitted to hippocampus where it is stored as a working memory; CA1 uses this efference copy to compare the expected consequences of action to the actual consequences of action). 5. Impairments in the production or transmission of this corollary discharge may contribute to some of the symptoms of schizophrenia. Unresolved issues and suggestions for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Numan
- Department of Psychology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California, United States
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19
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Lithium and Atypical Antipsychotics: The Possible WNT/β Pathway Target in Glaucoma. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050473. [PMID: 33925885 PMCID: PMC8146329 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that represents the major cause of irreversible blindness. Recent findings have shown which oxidative stress, inflammation, and glutamatergic pathway have main roles in the causes of glaucoma. Lithium is the major commonly used drug for the therapy of chronic mental illness. Lithium therapeutic mechanisms remain complex, including several pathways and gene expression, such as neurotransmitter and receptors, circadian modulation, ion transport, and signal transduction processes. Recent studies have shown that the benefits of lithium extend beyond just the therapy of mood. Neuroprotection against excitotoxicity or brain damages are other actions of lithium. Moreover, recent findings have investigated the role of lithium in glaucoma. The combination of lithium and atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) has been the main common choice for the treatment of bipolar disorder. Due to the possible side effects gradually introduced in therapy. Currently, no studies have focused on the possible actions of AAPs in glaucoma. Recent studies have shown a down regulation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway in glaucoma, associated with the overactivation of the GSK-3β signaling. The WNT/β-catenin pathway is mainly associated with oxidative stress, inflammation and glutamatergic pathway. Lithium is correlated with upregulation the WNT/β-catenin pathway and downregulation of the GSK-3β activity. Thus, this review focuses on the possible actions of lithium and AAPs, as possible therapeutic strategies, on glaucoma and some of the presumed mechanisms by which these drugs provide their possible benefit properties through the WNT/β-catenin pathway.
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New insights on nitric oxide: Focus on animal models of schizophrenia. Behav Brain Res 2021; 409:113304. [PMID: 33865887 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a devastating complex disorder characterised by a constellation of behavioral deficits with the underlying mechanisms not fully known. Nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as a key signaling molecule implicated in schizophrenia. Three nitric oxide sinthases (NOS), endothelial, neuronal, and inducible, release NO within the cell. Animal models of schizophrenia are grouped in four groups, neurovedelopmental, glutamatergic, dopaminergic and genetic. In this review, we aim to evaluate changes in NO levels in animal models of schizophrenia and the resulting long-lasting behavioral and neural consequences. In particular, NO levels are substantially modified, region-specific, in various neurodevelopmental models, e.g. bilateral excitotoxic lesion of the ventral hippocampus (nVHL), maternal immune activation and direct NO manipulations early in development, among others. In regards to glutamatergic models of schizophrenia, phencyclidine (PCP) administration increases NO levels in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and ventral hippocampus. As far as genetic models are concerned, neuronal NOS knock-out mice display schizophrenia-related behaviors. Administration of NO donors can reverse schizophrenia-related behavioral deficits. While most modifications in NO are derived from neuronal NOS, recent evidence indicates that PCP treatment increases NO from the inducible NOS isoform. From a pharmacological perspective, treatment with various antipsychotics including clozapine, haloperidol and risperidone normalize NO levels in the PFC as well as improve behavioral deficits in nVHL rats. NO induced from the neuronal and inducible NOS is relevant to schizophrenia and warrants further research.
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Li XR, Xiu MH, Guan XN, Wang YC, Wang J, Leung E, Zhang XY. Altered Antioxidant Defenses in Drug-Naive First Episode Patients with Schizophrenia Are Associated with Poor Treatment Response to Risperidone: 12-Week Results from a Prospective Longitudinal Study. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:1316-1324. [PMID: 33791970 PMCID: PMC8423973 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01036-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal redox regulation is thought to contribute to schizophrenia (SCZ). Accumulating studies have shown that the plasma antioxidant enzyme activity is closely associated with the course and outcome in antipsychotics-naïve first-episode (ANFE) patients with SCZ. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of risperidone on oxidative stress markers in ANFE patients and the relationship between risperidone response and changes in oxidative stress markers. Plasma activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzyme, total antioxidant status (TAS), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in 354 ANFE patients and 152 healthy controls. The clinical symptoms were evaluated by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Patients received risperidone monotherapy for 12 weeks and oxidative stress markers and PANSS were measured at baseline and at follow-up. Compared with healthy controls, the patients exhibited higher activities of SOD, CAT, and TAS levels, but lower MDA levels and GPx activity. A comparison between 168 responders and 50 non-responders at baseline and 12-week follow-up showed that GPx activity decreased in both groups after treatment. Moreover, GPx activity decreased less in responders and was higher in responders than in non-responders at follow-up. These results demonstrate that the redox regulatory system and antioxidant defense enzymes may have predictive value for the response of ANFE patients to risperidone treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Rong Li
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan, China
| | - Mei Hong Xiu
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Changping District, Beijing, 100096, China.
| | - Xiao Ni Guan
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Changping District, Beijing, 100096, China
| | - Yue Chan Wang
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Changping District, Beijing, 100096, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Changping District, Beijing, 100096, China
| | - Edison Leung
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center At Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiang Yang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
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22
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Caruso G, Grasso M, Fidilio A, Tascedda F, Drago F, Caraci F. Antioxidant Properties of Second-Generation Antipsychotics: Focus on Microglia. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13120457. [PMID: 33322693 PMCID: PMC7764768 DOI: 10.3390/ph13120457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest a primary role of oxidative stress in an early phase of the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and a strong neurobiological link has been found between dopaminergic system dysfunction, microglia overactivation, and oxidative stress. Different risk factors for schizophrenia increase oxidative stress phenomena raising the risk of developing psychosis. Oxidative stress induced by first-generation antipsychotics such as haloperidol significantly contributes to the development of extrapyramidal side effects. Haloperidol also exerts neurotoxic effects by decreasing antioxidant enzyme levels then worsening pro-oxidant events. Opposite to haloperidol, second-generation antipsychotics (or atypical antipsychotics) such as risperidone, clozapine, and olanzapine exert a strong antioxidant activity in experimental models of schizophrenia by rescuing the antioxidant system, with an increase in superoxide dismutase and glutathione (GSH) serum levels. Second-generation antipsychotics also improve the antioxidant status and reduce lipid peroxidation in schizophrenic patients. Interestingly, second-generation antipsychotics, such as risperidone, paliperidone, and in particular clozapine, reduce oxidative stress induced by microglia overactivation, decreasing the production of microglia-derived free radicals, finally protecting neurons against microglia-induced oxidative stress. Further, long-term clinical studies are needed to better understand the link between oxidative stress and the clinical response to antipsychotic drugs and the therapeutic potential of antioxidants to increase the response to antipsychotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Caruso
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.G.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Margherita Grasso
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.G.); (F.C.)
- Department of Laboratories, Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy
| | - Annamaria Fidilio
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.F.); (F.D.)
| | - Fabio Tascedda
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
- Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.F.); (F.D.)
| | - Filippo Caraci
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.G.); (F.C.)
- Department of Laboratories, Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy
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23
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Tendilla-Beltrán H, Sanchez-Islas NDC, Marina-Ramos M, Leza JC, Flores G. The prefrontal cortex as a target for atypical antipsychotics in schizophrenia, lessons of neurodevelopmental animal models. Prog Neurobiol 2020; 199:101967. [PMID: 33271238 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prefrontal cortex (PFC) inflammatory imbalance, oxidative/nitrosative stress (O/NS) and impaired neuroplasticity in schizophrenia are thought to have neurodevelopmental origins. Animal models are not only useful to test this hypothesis, they are also effective to establish a relationship among brain disturbances and behavior with the atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) effects. Here we review data of PFC post-mortem and in vivo neuroimaging, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC), and peripheral blood studies of inflammatory, O/NS, and neuroplasticity alterations in the disease as well as about their modulation by AAPs. Moreover, we reviewed the PFC alterations and the AAP mechanisms beyond their canonical antipsychotic action in four neurodevelopmental animal models relevant to the study of schizophrenia with a distinct approach in the generation of schizophrenia-like phenotypes, but all converge in O/NS and altered neuroplasticity in the PFC. These animal models not only reinforce the neurodevelopmental risk factor model of schizophrenia but also arouse some novel potential therapeutic targets for the disease including the reestablishment of the antioxidant response by the perineuronal nets (PNNs) and the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) pathway, as well as the dendritic spine dynamics in the PFC pyramidal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiram Tendilla-Beltrán
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico; Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), CDMX, Mexico
| | | | - Mauricio Marina-Ramos
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Juan C Leza
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), UCM. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Flores
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico.
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24
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Camacho-Abrego I, González-Cano SI, Aguilar-Alonso P, Brambila E, la Cruz FD, Flores G. Changes in nitric oxide, zinc and metallothionein levels in limbic regions at pre-pubertal and post-pubertal ages presented in an animal model of schizophrenia. J Chem Neuroanat 2020; 111:101889. [PMID: 33197552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2020.101889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent data suggest that rats with neonatal ventral hippocampal lesion (NVHL) show changes related to inflammatory processes and oxidative stress at the prefrontal cortex (PFC) level at post-pubertal age. The NVHL model is considered an animal model in schizophrenia. Here we analyzed the levels of nitrite, zinc, and metallothionein (MT) in cortical and subcortical regions of NVHL rats at pre-pubertal and post-pubertal ages. Nitric oxide (NO) levels were evaluated through measurement of nitrite levels. The locomotor activity was also evaluated in a novel environment. Animals with NVHL showed an increase in locomotor activity only at post-pubertal age. Furthermore, at pre-pubertal age, NVHL rats showed an increase in NO levels in ventral and dorsal hippocampus, thalamus, Caudate-putamen (CPu) and brainstem, in zinc levels in ventral and dorsal hippocampus, and CPu, and the MT level also in the ventral hippocampus and occipital cortex. In addition, at pre-pubertal age, a reduction in MT levels was also found in the PFC, parietal and temporal cortices, the CPu and the cerebellum. However, after puberty, NVHL caused an increase in NO levels in the PFC, and also zinc levels in the PFC and occipital and parietal cortices, with a reduction in MT levels in the thalamus and NAcc. Our results show the changes of these three molecules over time, among lesion (PD7), pre-pubertal and post-pubertal ages. This suggests changes at pre-pubertal age directly related to the site of the lesion, while at post-pubertal age, our data highlight changes in the PFC, a region mainly involved in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Camacho-Abrego
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría. Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, 72570, Mexico
| | - Sonia Irais González-Cano
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría. Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, 72570, Mexico; Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), CDMX, 11340, Mexico
| | - Patricia Aguilar-Alonso
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, CP: 72570, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Brambila
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, CP: 72570, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Fidel de la Cruz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), CDMX, 11340, Mexico
| | - Gonzalo Flores
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría. Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, 72570, Mexico.
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25
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Aguilar-Hernández L, Vázquez-Hernández AJ, de-Lima-Mar DF, Vázquez-Roque RA, Tendilla-Beltrán H, Flores G. Memory and dendritic spines loss, and dynamic dendritic spines changes are age-dependent in the rat. J Chem Neuroanat 2020; 110:101858. [PMID: 32950615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2020.101858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Brain aging is a widely studied process, but due to its complexity, much of its progress is unknown. There are many studies linking memory loss and reduced interneuronal communication with brain aging. However, only a few studies compare young and old animals. In the present study, in male rats aged 3, 6, and 18 months, we analyzed the locomotor activity and also short and long-term memory using the novel object recognition test (NORT), in addition to evaluating the dendritic length and the number of dendritic spines in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and in the CA1, CA3 and DG regions of the dorsal hippocampus using Golgi-Cox staining. We also analyzed the types of dendritic spines in the aforementioned regions. 6- and 18-month old animals showed a reduction in locomotor activity, while long-term memory deficit was observed in 18-month old rats. At 18 months old, the dendritic length was reduced in all the studied regions. The dendritic spine number was also reduced in layer 5 of the PFC, and the CA1 and CA3 of the hippocampus. The dynamics of dendritic spines changed with age, with a reduction of the mushroom spines in all the studied regions, with an increase of the stubby spines in all the studied regions except from the CA3 region, that showed a reduction. Our data suggest that age causes changes in behavior, which may be the result of morphological changes at the dendrite level, both in their length and in the dynamics of their spines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Aguilar-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, 72570, Mexico; Laboratorio de Fisiología de la Conducta, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), CDMX, 07738, Mexico
| | - Andrea Judith Vázquez-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, 72570, Mexico; Laboratorio de Fisiología de la Conducta, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), CDMX, 07738, Mexico
| | - Diana Frida de-Lima-Mar
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, 72570, Mexico
| | - Rubén Antonio Vázquez-Roque
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, 72570, Mexico
| | - Hiram Tendilla-Beltrán
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, 72570, Mexico; Laboratorio de Fisiología de la Conducta, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), CDMX, 07738, Mexico
| | - Gonzalo Flores
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, 72570, Mexico.
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26
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Tendilla-Beltran H, Flores G. Atypical antipsychotics, more than just an antipsychotic. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:1477-1478. [PMID: 31997809 PMCID: PMC7059566 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.274337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hiram Tendilla-Beltran
- Laboratorio de Fisiología de la Conducta, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Gonzalo Flores
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
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27
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Monroy E, Diaz A, Tendilla-Beltrán H, de la Cruz F, Flores G. Bexarotene treatment increases dendritic length in the nucleus accumbens without change in the locomotor activity and memory behaviors, in old mice. J Chem Neuroanat 2019; 104:101734. [PMID: 31887346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2019.101734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aged brain has biochemical and morphological alterations in the dendrites of the pyramidal neurons of the limbic system, which consequently trigger motor and cognitive deficits. Bexarotene 4-[1-(3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-6,7-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl)ethenyl]benzoic acid is a selective agonist of X-retinoid receptors which acts by binding to the intracellular retinoic acid receptors (RAR). It decreases oxidative and inflammatory activity, in addition to the transport of lipids, mechanisms that together could have a neuroprotective effect. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of bexarotene on the motor and cognitive processes, as well as its influence on the dendritic morphology of neurons in the limbic system of elderly mice. Dendritic morphology was evaluated with the Golgi-Cox staining procedure followed by the Sholl analysis. Bexarotene was administered at different doses: 0.0; 0.5; 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg for 60 days in 18-month-old mice. After the treatment, locomotor activity in a novel environment and spatial memory in the water labyrinth were evaluated. Mice treated with bexarotene did not show significant changes in their behavior. Moreover, bexarotene-treated mice only showed a significant increase in the density of the dendritic spines and the dendritic length in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) neurons. In conclusion, the administration of bexarotene improves the plasticity of the NAcc of aged mice, and therefore could be a pharmacological alternative to prevent or delay neuroplasticity disruptions in brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elibeth Monroy
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. Puebla, Mexico; Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN). CDMX, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Diaz
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. Puebla, Mexico
| | - Hiram Tendilla-Beltrán
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. Puebla, Mexico; Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN). CDMX, Mexico
| | - Fidel de la Cruz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN). CDMX, Mexico
| | - Gonzalo Flores
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. Puebla, Mexico.
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