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Blaustein MP, Hamlyn JM. Sensational site: the sodium pump ouabain-binding site and its ligands. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C1120-C1177. [PMID: 38223926 PMCID: PMC11193536 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00273.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Cardiotonic steroids (CTS), used by certain insects, toads, and rats for protection from predators, became, thanks to Withering's trailblazing 1785 monograph, the mainstay of heart failure (HF) therapy. In the 1950s and 1960s, we learned that the CTS receptor was part of the sodium pump (NKA) and that the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger was critical for the acute cardiotonic effect of digoxin- and ouabain-related CTS. This "settled" view was upended by seven revolutionary observations. First, subnanomolar ouabain sometimes stimulates NKA while higher concentrations are invariably inhibitory. Second, endogenous ouabain (EO) was discovered in the human circulation. Third, in the DIG clinical trial, digoxin only marginally improved outcomes in patients with HF. Fourth, cloning of NKA in 1985 revealed multiple NKA α and β subunit isoforms that, in the rodent, differ in their sensitivities to CTS. Fifth, the NKA is a cation pump and a hormone receptor/signal transducer. EO binding to NKA activates, in a ligand- and cell-specific manner, several protein kinase and Ca2+-dependent signaling cascades that have widespread physiological effects and can contribute to hypertension and HF pathogenesis. Sixth, all CTS are not equivalent, e.g., ouabain induces hypertension in rodents while digoxin is antihypertensinogenic ("biased signaling"). Seventh, most common rodent hypertension models require a highly ouabain-sensitive α2 NKA and the elevated blood pressure is alleviated by EO immunoneutralization. These numerous phenomena are enabled by NKA's intricate structure. We have just begun to understand the endocrine role of the endogenous ligands and the broad impact of the ouabain-binding site on physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mordecai P Blaustein
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - John M Hamlyn
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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2
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Valberg SJ, Williams ZJ, Henry ML, Finno CJ. Cerebellar axonopathy in Shivers horses identified by spatial transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:1568-1579. [PMID: 37288990 PMCID: PMC10365050 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shivers in horses is characterized by abnormal hindlimb movement when walking backward and is proposed to be caused by a Purkinje cell (PC) axonopathy based on histopathology. OBJECTIVES Define region-specific differences in gene expression within the lateral cerebellar hemisphere and compare cerebellar protein expression between Shivers horses and controls. ANIMALS Case-control study of 5 Shivers and 4 control geldings ≥16.2 hands in height. METHODS Using spatial transcriptomics, gene expression was compared between Shivers and control horses in PC soma and lateral cerebellar hemisphere white matter, consisting primarily of axons. Tandem-mass-tag (TMT-11) proteomic analysis was performed on lateral cerebellar hemisphere homogenates. RESULTS Differences in gene expression between Shivers and control horses were evident in principal component analysis of axon-containing white matter but not PC soma. In white matter, there were 455/1846 differentially expressed genes (DEG; 350 ↓DEG, 105 ↑DEG) between Shivers and controls, with significant gene set enrichment of the Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) cascade, highlighting neuroinflammation. There were 50/936 differentially expressed proteins (DEP). The 27 ↓DEP highlighted loss of axonal proteins including intermediate filaments (5), myelin (3), cytoskeleton (2), neurite outgrowth (2), and Na/K ATPase (1). The 23 ↑DEP were involved in the extracellular matrix (7), cytoskeleton (7), redox balance (2), neurite outgrowth (1), signal transduction (1), and others. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Our findings support axonal degeneration as a characteristic feature of Shivers. Combined with histopathology, these findings are consistent with the known distinctive response of PC to injury where axonal changes occur without a substantial impact on PC soma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J. Valberg
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Zoë J. Williams
- C. Wayne McIlwraith Translational Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Marisa L. Henry
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Carrie J. Finno
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of California‐DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
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Cinarli Yuksel F, Nicolaou P, Spontarelli K, Dohrn MF, Rebelo AP, Koutsou P, Georghiou A, Artigas P, Züchner SL, Kleopa KA, Christodoulou K. The phenotypic spectrum of pathogenic ATP1A1 variants expands: the novel p.P600R substitution causes demyelinating Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. J Neurol 2023; 270:2576-2590. [PMID: 36738336 PMCID: PMC10130110 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-11581-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a genetically and clinically heterogeneous group of inherited neuropathies. Monoallelic pathogenic variants in ATP1A1 were associated with axonal and intermediate CMT. ATP1A1 encodes for the catalytic α1 subunit of the Na+/ K+ ATPase. Besides neuropathy, other associated phenotypes are spastic paraplegia, intellectual disability, and renal hypomagnesemia. We hereby report the first demyelinating CMT case due to a novel ATP1A1 variant. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing on the patient's genomic DNA and Sanger sequencing to validate and confirm the segregation of the identified p.P600R ATP1A1 variation were performed. To evaluate functional effects, blood-derived mRNA and protein levels of ATP1A1 and the auxiliary β1 subunit encoded by ATP1B1 were investigated. The ouabain-survival assay was performed in transfected HEK cells to assess cell viability, and two-electrode voltage clamp studies were performed in Xenopus oocytes. RESULTS The variant was absent in the local and global control datasets, falls within a highly conserved protein position, and is in a missense-constrained region. The expression levels of ATP1A1 and ATP1B1 were significantly reduced in the patient compared to healthy controls. Electrophysiology indicated that ATP1A1p.P600R injected Xenopus oocytes have reduced Na+/ K+ ATPase function. Moreover, HEK cells transfected with a construct encoding ATP1A1p.P600R harbouring variants that confers ouabain insensitivity displayed a significant decrease in cell viability after ouabain treatment compared to the wild type, further supporting the pathogenicity of this variant. CONCLUSION Our results further confirm the causative role of ATP1A1 in peripheral neuropathy and broaden the mutational and phenotypic spectrum of ATP1A1-associated CMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feride Cinarli Yuksel
- Neurogenetics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 1683, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Paschalis Nicolaou
- Neurogenetics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 1683, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Kerri Spontarelli
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Maike F Dohrn
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Adriana P Rebelo
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Pantelitsa Koutsou
- Neurogenetics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 1683, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Anthi Georghiou
- Neurogenetics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 1683, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Pablo Artigas
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Stephan L Züchner
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kleopas A Kleopa
- Neuroscience Department and the Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 1683, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Kyproula Christodoulou
- Neurogenetics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 1683, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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4
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Moreno C, Jiao S, Yano S, Holmgren M. Disease mutations of human α3 Na +/K +-ATPase define extracellular Na + binding/occlusion kinetics at ion binding site III. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac205. [PMID: 36304555 PMCID: PMC9585393 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Na+/K+-ATPase, which creates transmembrane electrochemical gradients by exchanging 3 Na+ for 2 K+, is central to the pathogenesis of neurological diseases such as alternating hemiplegia of childhood. Although Na+/K+-ATPase has 3 distinct ion binding sites I-III, the difficulty of distinguishing ion binding events at each site from the others hinders kinetic study of these transitions. Here, we show that binding of Na+ at each site in the human α3 Na+/K+-ATPase can be resolved using extracellular Na+-mediated transient currents. When Na+/K+-ATPase is constrained to bind and release only Na+, three kinetic components: fast, medium, and slow, can be isolated, presumably corresponding to the protein dynamics associated with the binding (or release depending on the voltage step direction) and the occlusion (or deocclusion) of each of the 3 Na+. Patient-derived mutations of residues which coordinate Na+ at site III exclusively impact the slow component, demonstrating that site III is crucial for deocclusion and release of the first Na+ into the extracellular milieu. These results advance understanding of Na+/K+-ATPase mutation pathogenesis and provide a foundation for study of individual ions' binding kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Moreno
- Molecular Neurophysiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Song Jiao
- Molecular Neurophysiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sho Yano
- Molecular Neurophysiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA,Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine Training Program, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Miguel Holmgren
- Correspondence should be addressed: Miguel Holmgren, Ph.D. Molecular Neurophysiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Tel: +1-(301) 451-6259; E-mail:
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5
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Merseburg A, Kasemir J, Buss EW, Leroy F, Bock T, Porro A, Barnett A, Tröder SE, Engeland B, Stockebrand M, Moroni A, Siegelbaum S, Isbrandt D, Santoro B. Seizures, behavioral deficits and adverse drug responses in two new genetic mouse models of HCN1 epileptic encephalopathy. eLife 2022; 11:70826. [PMID: 35972069 PMCID: PMC9481245 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
De novo mutations in voltage- and ligand-gated channels have been associated with an increasing number of cases of developmental and epileptic encephalopathies, which often fail to respond to classic antiseizure medications. Here, we examine two knock-in mouse models replicating de novo sequence variations in the HCN1 voltage-gated channel gene, p.G391D and p.M153I (Hcn1G380D/+ and Hcn1M142I/+ in mouse), associated with severe drug-resistant neonatal- and childhood-onset epilepsy, respectively. Heterozygous mice from both lines displayed spontaneous generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Animals replicating the p.G391D variant had an overall more severe phenotype, with pronounced alterations in the levels and distribution of HCN1 protein, including disrupted targeting to the axon terminals of basket cell interneurons. In line with clinical reports from patients with pathogenic HCN1 sequence variations, administration of the antiepileptic Na+ channel antagonists lamotrigine and phenytoin resulted in the paradoxical induction of seizures in both mouse lines, consistent with an effect to further impair inhibitory neuron function. We also show that these variants can render HCN1 channels unresponsive to classic antagonists, indicating the need to screen mutated channels to identify novel compounds with diverse mechanism of action. Our results underscore the necessity of tailoring effective therapies for specific channel gene variants, and how strongly validated animal models may provide an invaluable tool towards reaching this objective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Merseburg
- Experimental Neurophysiology, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jacquelin Kasemir
- Experimental Neurophysiology, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eric W Buss
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Felix Leroy
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Tobias Bock
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | | | - Anastasia Barnett
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Simon E Tröder
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Birgit Engeland
- Experimental Neurophysiology, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Malte Stockebrand
- Experimental Neurophysiology, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna Moroni
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Steve Siegelbaum
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Dirk Isbrandt
- Experimental Neurophysiology, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bina Santoro
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, United States
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6
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Deficiency of Thyroid Hormone Reduces Voltage-Gated Na + Currents as Well as Expression of Na +/K +-ATPase in the Mouse Hippocampus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084133. [PMID: 35456949 PMCID: PMC9031557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mice lacking functional thyroid follicular cells, Pax8−/− mice, die early postnatally, making them suitable models for extreme hypothyroidism. We have previously obtained evidence in postnatal rat neurons, that a down-regulation of Na+-current density could explain the reduced excitability of the nervous system in hypothyroidism. If such a mechanism underlies the development of coma and death in severe hypothyroidism, Pax8−/− mice should show deficits in the expression of Na+ currents and potentially also in the expression of Na+/K+-ATPases, which are necessary to maintain low intracellular Na+ levels. We thus compared Na+ current densities in postnatal mice using the patch-clamp technique in the whole-cell configuration as well as the expression of three alpha and two beta-subunits of the Na+/K+-ATPase in wild type versus Pax8−/− mice. Whereas the Na+ current density in hippocampal neurons from wild type mice was upregulated within the first postnatal week, the Na+ current density remained at a very low level in hippocampal neurons from Pax8−/− mice. Pax8−/− mice also showed significantly decreased protein expression levels of the catalytic α1 and α3 subunits of the Na+/K+-ATPase as well as decreased levels of the β2 isoform, with no changes in the α2 and β1 subunits.
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7
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Cassol G, Cipolat RP, Papalia WL, Godinho DB, Quines CB, Nogueira CW, Da Veiga M, Da Rocha MIUM, Furian AF, Oliveira MS, Fighera MR, Royes LFF. A role of Na+, K+ -ATPase in spatial memory deficits and inflammatory/oxidative stress after recurrent concussion in adolescent rats. Brain Res Bull 2021; 180:1-11. [PMID: 34954227 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sports-related concussions are particularly common during adolescence, and there is insufficient knowledge about how recurrent concussions in this phase of life alter the metabolism of essential structures for memory in adulthood. In this sense, our experimental data revealed that seven recurrent concussions (RC) in 35-day-old rats decreased short-term and long-term memory in the object recognition test (ORT) 30 days after injury. The RC protocol did not alter motor and anxious behavior and the immunoreactivity of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the cerebral cortex. Recurrent concussions induced the inflammatory/oxidative stress characterized here by increased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), interleukin 1β (IL 1β), 4-hydroxynonenal (4 HNE), protein carbonyl immunoreactivity, and 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate oxidation (DCFH) levels and lower total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Inhibited Na+,K+-ATPase activity (specifically isoform α2/3) followed by Km (Michaelis-Menten constant) for increased ATP levels and decreased immunodetection of alpha subunit of this enzyme, suggesting that cognitive impairment after RC is caused by the inability of surviving neurons to maintain ionic gradients in selected targets to inflammatory/oxidative damage, such as Na,K-ATPase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cassol
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Center of Physical Education and Sports, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Brazil; Federal University of Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - R P Cipolat
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Center of Physical Education and Sports, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Brazil; Federal University of Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - W L Papalia
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Center of Physical Education and Sports, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Brazil; Federal University of Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - D B Godinho
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Center of Physical Education and Sports, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Brazil; Federal University of Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - C B Quines
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Brazil; Federal University of Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - C W Nogueira
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Brazil; Federal University of Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - M Da Veiga
- Department of Morphology, Health Sciences Center, Brazil; Federal University of Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - M I U M Da Rocha
- Department of Morphology, Health Sciences Center, Brazil; Federal University of Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - A F Furian
- Laboratory of Neurotoxicity and Psychopharmacology, Health Sciences Center, Brazil; Federal University of Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - M S Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neurotoxicity and Psychopharmacology, Health Sciences Center, Brazil; Federal University of Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - M R Fighera
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Center of Physical Education and Sports, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Brazil; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Health Sciences Center, Brazil; Federal University of Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - L F F Royes
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Center of Physical Education and Sports, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Brazil; Federal University of Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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8
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Jiao S, Johnson K, Moreno C, Yano S, Holmgren M. Comparative description of the mRNA expression profile of Na + /K + -ATPase isoforms in adult mouse nervous system. J Comp Neurol 2021; 530:627-647. [PMID: 34415061 PMCID: PMC8716420 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in genes encoding Na+ /K+ -ATPase α1, α2, and α3 subunits cause a wide range of disabling neurological disorders, and dysfunction of Na+ /K+ -ATPase may contribute to neuronal injury in stroke and dementia. To better understand the pathogenesis of these diseases, it is important to determine the expression patterns of the different Na+ /K+ -ATPase subunits within the brain and among specific cell types. Using two available scRNA-Seq databases from the adult mouse nervous system, we examined the mRNA expression patterns of the different isoforms of the Na+ /K+ -ATPase α, β and Fxyd subunits at the single-cell level among brain regions and various neuronal populations. We subsequently identified specific types of neurons enriched with transcripts for α1 and α3 isoforms and elaborated how α3-expressing neuronal populations govern cerebellar neuronal circuits. We further analyzed the co-expression network for α1 and α3 isoforms, highlighting the genes that positively correlated with α1 and α3 expression. The top 10 genes for α1 were Chn2, Hpcal1, Nrgn, Neurod1, Selm, Kcnc1, Snrk, Snap25, Ckb and Ccndbp1 and for α3 were Sorcs3, Eml5, Neurod2, Ckb, Tbc1d4, Ptprz1, Pvrl1, Kirrel3, Pvalb, and Asic2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Jiao
- Molecular Neurophysiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kory Johnson
- Bioinformatics Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Cristina Moreno
- Molecular Neurophysiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sho Yano
- Molecular Neurophysiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Miguel Holmgren
- Molecular Neurophysiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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9
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Ali A, Thorgaard GH, Salem M. PacBio Iso-Seq Improves the Rainbow Trout Genome Annotation and Identifies Alternative Splicing Associated With Economically Important Phenotypes. Front Genet 2021; 12:683408. [PMID: 34335690 PMCID: PMC8321248 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.683408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rainbow trout is an important model organism that has received concerted international efforts to study the transcriptome. For this purpose, short-read sequencing has been primarily used over the past decade. However, these sequences are too short of resolving the transcriptome complexity. This study reported a first full-length transcriptome assembly of the rainbow trout using single-molecule long-read isoform sequencing (Iso-Seq). Extensive computational approaches were used to refine and validate the reconstructed transcriptome. The study identified 10,640 high-confidence transcripts not previously annotated, in addition to 1,479 isoforms not mapped to the current Swanson reference genome. Most of the identified lncRNAs were non-coding variants of coding transcripts. The majority of genes had multiple transcript isoforms (average ∼3 isoforms/locus). Intron retention (IR) and exon skipping (ES) accounted for 56% of alternative splicing (AS) events. Iso-Seq improved the reference genome annotation, which allowed identification of characteristic AS associated with fish growth, muscle accretion, disease resistance, stress response, and fish migration. For instance, an ES in GVIN1 gene existed in fish susceptible to bacterial cold-water disease (BCWD). Besides, under five stress conditions, there was a commonly regulated exon in prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-2 (P4HA2) gene. The reconstructed gene models and their posttranscriptional processing in rainbow trout provide invaluable resources that could be further used for future genetics and genomics studies. Additionally, the study identified characteristic transcription events associated with economically important phenotypes, which could be applied in selective breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ali
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Gary H. Thorgaard
- School of Biological Sciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Mohamed Salem
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
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10
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Shao LR, Janicot R, Stafstrom CE. Na +-K +-ATPase functions in the developing hippocampus: regional differences in CA1 and CA3 neuronal excitability and role in epileptiform network bursting. J Neurophysiol 2020; 125:1-11. [PMID: 33206576 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00453.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Na+-K+-ATPase (Na+-K+ pump) is essential for setting resting membrane potential and restoring transmembrane Na+ and K+ gradients after neuronal firing, yet its roles in developing neurons are not well understood. This study examined the contribution of the Na+-K+ pump to resting membrane potential and membrane excitability of developing CA1 and CA3 neurons and its role in maintaining synchronous network bursting. Experiments were conducted in postnatal day (P)9 to P13 rat hippocampal slices using whole cell patch-clamp and extracellular field-potential recordings. Blockade of the Na+-K+ pump with strophanthidin caused marked depolarization (23.1 mV) in CA3 neurons but only a modest depolarization (3.3 mV) in CA1 neurons. Regarding other membrane properties, strophanthidin differentially altered the voltage-current responses, input resistance, action-potential threshold and amplitude, rheobase, and input-output relationship in CA3 vs. CA1 neurons. At the network level, strophanthidin stopped synchronous epileptiform bursting in CA3 induced by 0 Mg2+ and 4-aminopyridine. Furthermore, dual whole cell recordings revealed that strophanthidin disrupted the synchrony of CA3 neuronal firing. Finally, strophanthidin reduced spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic current (sEPSC) bursts (i.e., synchronous transmitter release) and transformed them into individual sEPSC events (i.e., nonsynchronous transmitter release). These data suggest that the Na+-K+ pump plays a more profound role in membrane excitability in developing CA3 neurons than in CA1 neurons and that the pump is essential for the maintenance of synchronous network bursting in CA3. Compromised Na+-K+ pump function leads to cessation of ongoing synchronous network activity, by desynchronizing neuronal firing and neurotransmitter release in the CA3 synaptic network. These findings have implications for the regulation of network excitability and seizure generation in the developing brain.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Despite the extensive literature showing the importance of the Na+-K+ pump in various neuronal functions, its roles in the developing brain are not well understood. This study reveals that the Na+-K+ pump differentially regulates the excitability of CA3 and CA1 neurons in the developing hippocampus, and the pump activity is crucial for maintaining network activity. Compromised Na+-K+ pump activity desynchronizes neuronal firing and transmitter release, leading to cessation of ongoing epileptiform network bursting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Rong Shao
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Remi Janicot
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Carl E Stafstrom
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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11
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McFarlin BE, Chen Y, Priver TS, Ralph DL, Mercado A, Gamba G, Madhur MS, McDonough AA. Coordinate adaptations of skeletal muscle and kidney to maintain extracellular [K +] during K +-deficient diet. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C757-C770. [PMID: 32845718 PMCID: PMC7654654 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00362.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular fluid (ECF) potassium concentration ([K+]) is maintained by adaptations of kidney and skeletal muscle, responses heretofore studied separately. We aimed to determine how these organ systems work in concert to preserve ECF [K+] in male C57BL/6J mice fed a K+-deficient diet (0K) versus 1% K+ diet (1K) for 10 days (n = 5-6/group). During 0K feeding, plasma [K+] fell from 4.5 to 2 mM; hindlimb muscle (gastrocnemius and soleus) lost 28 mM K+ (from 115 ± 2 to 87 ± 2 mM) and gained 27 mM Na+ (from 27 ± 0.4 to 54 ± 2 mM). Doubling of muscle tissue [Na+] was not associated with inflammation, cytokine production or hypertension as reported by others. Muscle transporter adaptations in 0K- versus 1K-fed mice, assessed by immunoblot, included decreased sodium pump α2-β2 subunits, decreased K+-Cl- cotransporter isoform 3, and increased phosphorylated (p) Na+,K+,2Cl- cotransporter isoform 1 (NKCC1p), Ste20/SPS-1-related proline-alanine rich kinase (SPAKp), and oxidative stress-responsive kinase 1 (OSR1p) consistent with intracellular fluid (ICF) K+ loss and Na+ gain. Renal transporters' adaptations, effecting a 98% reduction in K+ excretion, included two- to threefold increased phosphorylated Na+-Cl- cotransporter (NCCp), SPAKp, and OSR1p abundance, limiting Na+ delivery to epithelial Na+ channels where Na+ reabsorption drives K+ secretion; and renal K sensor Kir 4.1 abundance fell 25%. Mass balance estimations indicate that over 10 days of 0K feeding, mice lose ~48 μmol K+ into the urine and muscle shifts ~47 μmol K+ from ICF to ECF, illustrating the importance of the concerted responses during K+ deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon E McFarlin
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yuhan Chen
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Taylor S Priver
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Donna L Ralph
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Adriana Mercado
- Department of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Gamba
- Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Meena S Madhur
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Alicia A McDonough
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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12
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Petrushanko IY, Mitkevich VA, Makarov AA. Molecular Mechanisms of the Redox Regulation of the Na,K-ATPase. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350920050139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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13
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An axon-specific expression of HCN channels catalyzes fast action potential signaling in GABAergic interneurons. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2248. [PMID: 32382046 PMCID: PMC7206118 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15791-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During high-frequency network activities, fast-spiking, parvalbumin-expressing basket cells (PV+-BCs) generate barrages of fast synaptic inhibition to control the probability and precise timing of action potential (AP) initiation in principal neurons. Here we describe a subcellular specialization that contributes to the high speed of synaptic inhibition mediated by PV+-BCs. Mapping of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channel distribution in rat hippocampal PV+-BCs with subcellular patch-clamp methods revealed that functional HCN channels are exclusively expressed in axons and completely absent from somata and dendrites. HCN channels not only enhance AP initiation during sustained high-frequency firing but also speed up the propagation of AP trains in PV+-BC axons by dynamically opposing the hyperpolarization produced by Na+-K+ ATPases. Since axonal AP signaling determines the timing of synaptic communication, the axon-specific expression of HCN channels represents a specialization for PV+-BCs to operate at high speed. The precise subcellular location of ion channels is a key determinant of their functions. Here, subcellular patch-clamp recordings demonstrate that an axon-specific expression of HCN channels facilitates the initiation and propagation of action potentials in parvalbumin-expressing basket cells.
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14
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Murata K, Kinoshita T, Ishikawa T, Kuroda K, Hoshi M, Fukazawa Y. Region- and neuronal-subtype-specific expression of Na,K-ATPase alpha and beta subunit isoforms in the mouse brain. J Comp Neurol 2020; 528:2654-2678. [PMID: 32301109 PMCID: PMC7540690 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Na,K‐ATPase is a ubiquitous molecule contributing to the asymmetrical distribution of Na+ and K+ ions across the plasma membrane and maintenance of the membrane potential, a prerequisite of neuronal activity. Na,K‐ATPase comprises three subunits (α, β, and FXYD). The α subunit has four isoforms in mice, with three of them (α1, α2, and α3) expressed in the brain. However, the functional and biological significances of the different brain isoforms remain to be fully elucidated. Recent studies have revealed the association of Atp1a3, a gene encoding α3 subunit, with neurological disorders. To map the cellular distributions of the α subunit isoforms and their coexpression patterns, we evaluated the mRNA expression of Atp1a1, Atp1a2, and Atp1a3 by in situ hybridization in the mouse brain. Atp1a1 and Atp1a3 were expressed in neurons, whereas Atp1a2 was almost exclusively expressed in glial cells. Most neurons coexpressed Atp1a1 and Atp1a3, with highly heterogeneous expression levels across the brain regions and neuronal subtypes. We identified parvalbumin (PV)‐expressing GABAergic neurons in the hippocampus, somatosensory cortex, and retrosplenial cortex as an example of a neuronal subtype expressing low Atp1a1 and high Atp1a3. The expression of Atp1b isoforms was also heterogeneous across brain regions and cellular subtypes. The PV‐expressing neurons expressed a high level of Atp1b1 and a low level of Atp1b2 and Atp1b3. These findings provide basic information on the region‐ and neuronal‐subtype‐dependent expression of Na,K‐ATPase α and β subunit isoforms, as well as a rationale for the selective involvement of neurons expressing high levels of Atp1a3 in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koshi Murata
- Division of Brain Structure and Function, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.,Life Science Innovation Center, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kinoshita
- Division of Brain Structure and Function, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ishikawa
- Division of Brain Structure and Function, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.,Department of Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kuroda
- Division of Brain Structure and Function, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.,Life Science Innovation Center, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Minako Hoshi
- Department for Brain and Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yugo Fukazawa
- Division of Brain Structure and Function, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.,Life Science Innovation Center, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.,Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
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15
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Panagiotakaki E, Doummar D, Nogue E, Nagot N, Lesca G, Riant F, Nicole S, Delaygue C, Barthez MA, Nassogne MC, Dusser A, Vallée L, Billette T, Bourgeois M, Ioos C, Gitiaux C, Laroche C, Milh M, Portes VD, Arzimanoglou A, Roubertie A. Movement disorders in patients with alternating hemiplegia: "Soft" and "stiff" at the same time. Neurology 2020; 94:e1378-e1385. [PMID: 32123049 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000009175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess nonparoxysmal movement disorders in ATP1A3 mutation-positive patients with alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC). METHODS Twenty-eight patients underwent neurologic examination with particular focus on movement phenomenology by a specialist in movement disorders. Video recordings were reviewed by another movement disorders specialist and data were correlated with patients' characteristics. RESULTS Ten patients were diagnosed with chorea, 16 with dystonia (nonparoxysmal), 4 with myoclonus, and 2 with ataxia. Nine patients had more than one movement disorder and 8 patients had none. The degree of movement disorder was moderate to severe in 12/28 patients. At inclusion, dystonic patients (n = 16) were older (p = 0.007) than nondystonic patients. Moreover, patients (n = 18) with dystonia or chorea, or both, had earlier disease onset (p = 0.042) and more severe neurologic impairment (p = 0.012), but this did not correlate with genotype. All patients presented with hypotonia, which was characterized as moderate or severe in 16/28. Patients with dystonia or chorea (n = 18) had more pronounced hypotonia (p = 0.011). Bradykinesia (n = 16) was associated with an early age at assessment (p < 0.01). Significant dysarthria was diagnosed in 11/25 cases. A history of acute neurologic deterioration and further regression of motor function, typically after a stressful event, was reported in 7 patients. CONCLUSIONS Despite the relatively limited number of patients and the cross-sectional nature of the study, this detailed categorization of movement disorders in patients with AHC offers valuable insight into their precise characterization. Further longitudinal studies on this topic are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Panagiotakaki
- From Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology (E.P., A.A.), Department of Paediatric Clinical Epileptology, University Hospitals of Lyon, member of the ERN EpiCARE; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (D.D., T.B.), Hôpital Trousseau, APHP, Paris; Centre d'Investigation Clinique (E.N., N.N.), CHU Montpellier; Department of Medical Genetics (G.L.), Centre de Biologie Est, Lyon University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, member of the ERN EpiCARE; Laboratoire de Génétique (F.R.), Groupe Hospitalier Lariboisière-Fernand Widal AP-HP, Paris; IGF (S.N.), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM; Département de Neuropédiatrie (C.D., A.R.), CHU Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier; Service de Neuropédiatrie et Handicaps (M.A.B.), Hôpital Gatien de Clocheville, CHU Tours, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (M.C.N.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium; Service de Neuropédiatrie (A.D.), CHU de Bicêtre, Kremlin-Bicêtre; Service de Neuropédiatrie (L.V.), CHU Lille; Service de Neurochirurgie Pédiatrique (M.B.), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (C.I.), Hôpital Raymond Poincarré, AP-HP, Garches; Service de Neurophysiologie (C.G.), Hôpital Necker, AP-HP, Paris; Département de Pédiatrie (C.L.), CHU Limoges; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (M.M.), CHU Timone Enfants, Marseille; Centre de Référence "Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares" (V.D.P.), Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, Université de Lyon; and INSERM U 1051 (A.R.), Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, France
| | - Diane Doummar
- From Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology (E.P., A.A.), Department of Paediatric Clinical Epileptology, University Hospitals of Lyon, member of the ERN EpiCARE; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (D.D., T.B.), Hôpital Trousseau, APHP, Paris; Centre d'Investigation Clinique (E.N., N.N.), CHU Montpellier; Department of Medical Genetics (G.L.), Centre de Biologie Est, Lyon University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, member of the ERN EpiCARE; Laboratoire de Génétique (F.R.), Groupe Hospitalier Lariboisière-Fernand Widal AP-HP, Paris; IGF (S.N.), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM; Département de Neuropédiatrie (C.D., A.R.), CHU Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier; Service de Neuropédiatrie et Handicaps (M.A.B.), Hôpital Gatien de Clocheville, CHU Tours, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (M.C.N.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium; Service de Neuropédiatrie (A.D.), CHU de Bicêtre, Kremlin-Bicêtre; Service de Neuropédiatrie (L.V.), CHU Lille; Service de Neurochirurgie Pédiatrique (M.B.), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (C.I.), Hôpital Raymond Poincarré, AP-HP, Garches; Service de Neurophysiologie (C.G.), Hôpital Necker, AP-HP, Paris; Département de Pédiatrie (C.L.), CHU Limoges; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (M.M.), CHU Timone Enfants, Marseille; Centre de Référence "Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares" (V.D.P.), Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, Université de Lyon; and INSERM U 1051 (A.R.), Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, France
| | - Erika Nogue
- From Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology (E.P., A.A.), Department of Paediatric Clinical Epileptology, University Hospitals of Lyon, member of the ERN EpiCARE; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (D.D., T.B.), Hôpital Trousseau, APHP, Paris; Centre d'Investigation Clinique (E.N., N.N.), CHU Montpellier; Department of Medical Genetics (G.L.), Centre de Biologie Est, Lyon University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, member of the ERN EpiCARE; Laboratoire de Génétique (F.R.), Groupe Hospitalier Lariboisière-Fernand Widal AP-HP, Paris; IGF (S.N.), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM; Département de Neuropédiatrie (C.D., A.R.), CHU Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier; Service de Neuropédiatrie et Handicaps (M.A.B.), Hôpital Gatien de Clocheville, CHU Tours, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (M.C.N.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium; Service de Neuropédiatrie (A.D.), CHU de Bicêtre, Kremlin-Bicêtre; Service de Neuropédiatrie (L.V.), CHU Lille; Service de Neurochirurgie Pédiatrique (M.B.), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (C.I.), Hôpital Raymond Poincarré, AP-HP, Garches; Service de Neurophysiologie (C.G.), Hôpital Necker, AP-HP, Paris; Département de Pédiatrie (C.L.), CHU Limoges; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (M.M.), CHU Timone Enfants, Marseille; Centre de Référence "Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares" (V.D.P.), Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, Université de Lyon; and INSERM U 1051 (A.R.), Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Nagot
- From Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology (E.P., A.A.), Department of Paediatric Clinical Epileptology, University Hospitals of Lyon, member of the ERN EpiCARE; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (D.D., T.B.), Hôpital Trousseau, APHP, Paris; Centre d'Investigation Clinique (E.N., N.N.), CHU Montpellier; Department of Medical Genetics (G.L.), Centre de Biologie Est, Lyon University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, member of the ERN EpiCARE; Laboratoire de Génétique (F.R.), Groupe Hospitalier Lariboisière-Fernand Widal AP-HP, Paris; IGF (S.N.), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM; Département de Neuropédiatrie (C.D., A.R.), CHU Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier; Service de Neuropédiatrie et Handicaps (M.A.B.), Hôpital Gatien de Clocheville, CHU Tours, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (M.C.N.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium; Service de Neuropédiatrie (A.D.), CHU de Bicêtre, Kremlin-Bicêtre; Service de Neuropédiatrie (L.V.), CHU Lille; Service de Neurochirurgie Pédiatrique (M.B.), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (C.I.), Hôpital Raymond Poincarré, AP-HP, Garches; Service de Neurophysiologie (C.G.), Hôpital Necker, AP-HP, Paris; Département de Pédiatrie (C.L.), CHU Limoges; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (M.M.), CHU Timone Enfants, Marseille; Centre de Référence "Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares" (V.D.P.), Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, Université de Lyon; and INSERM U 1051 (A.R.), Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, France
| | - Gaetan Lesca
- From Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology (E.P., A.A.), Department of Paediatric Clinical Epileptology, University Hospitals of Lyon, member of the ERN EpiCARE; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (D.D., T.B.), Hôpital Trousseau, APHP, Paris; Centre d'Investigation Clinique (E.N., N.N.), CHU Montpellier; Department of Medical Genetics (G.L.), Centre de Biologie Est, Lyon University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, member of the ERN EpiCARE; Laboratoire de Génétique (F.R.), Groupe Hospitalier Lariboisière-Fernand Widal AP-HP, Paris; IGF (S.N.), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM; Département de Neuropédiatrie (C.D., A.R.), CHU Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier; Service de Neuropédiatrie et Handicaps (M.A.B.), Hôpital Gatien de Clocheville, CHU Tours, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (M.C.N.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium; Service de Neuropédiatrie (A.D.), CHU de Bicêtre, Kremlin-Bicêtre; Service de Neuropédiatrie (L.V.), CHU Lille; Service de Neurochirurgie Pédiatrique (M.B.), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (C.I.), Hôpital Raymond Poincarré, AP-HP, Garches; Service de Neurophysiologie (C.G.), Hôpital Necker, AP-HP, Paris; Département de Pédiatrie (C.L.), CHU Limoges; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (M.M.), CHU Timone Enfants, Marseille; Centre de Référence "Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares" (V.D.P.), Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, Université de Lyon; and INSERM U 1051 (A.R.), Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, France
| | - Florence Riant
- From Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology (E.P., A.A.), Department of Paediatric Clinical Epileptology, University Hospitals of Lyon, member of the ERN EpiCARE; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (D.D., T.B.), Hôpital Trousseau, APHP, Paris; Centre d'Investigation Clinique (E.N., N.N.), CHU Montpellier; Department of Medical Genetics (G.L.), Centre de Biologie Est, Lyon University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, member of the ERN EpiCARE; Laboratoire de Génétique (F.R.), Groupe Hospitalier Lariboisière-Fernand Widal AP-HP, Paris; IGF (S.N.), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM; Département de Neuropédiatrie (C.D., A.R.), CHU Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier; Service de Neuropédiatrie et Handicaps (M.A.B.), Hôpital Gatien de Clocheville, CHU Tours, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (M.C.N.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium; Service de Neuropédiatrie (A.D.), CHU de Bicêtre, Kremlin-Bicêtre; Service de Neuropédiatrie (L.V.), CHU Lille; Service de Neurochirurgie Pédiatrique (M.B.), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (C.I.), Hôpital Raymond Poincarré, AP-HP, Garches; Service de Neurophysiologie (C.G.), Hôpital Necker, AP-HP, Paris; Département de Pédiatrie (C.L.), CHU Limoges; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (M.M.), CHU Timone Enfants, Marseille; Centre de Référence "Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares" (V.D.P.), Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, Université de Lyon; and INSERM U 1051 (A.R.), Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Nicole
- From Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology (E.P., A.A.), Department of Paediatric Clinical Epileptology, University Hospitals of Lyon, member of the ERN EpiCARE; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (D.D., T.B.), Hôpital Trousseau, APHP, Paris; Centre d'Investigation Clinique (E.N., N.N.), CHU Montpellier; Department of Medical Genetics (G.L.), Centre de Biologie Est, Lyon University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, member of the ERN EpiCARE; Laboratoire de Génétique (F.R.), Groupe Hospitalier Lariboisière-Fernand Widal AP-HP, Paris; IGF (S.N.), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM; Département de Neuropédiatrie (C.D., A.R.), CHU Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier; Service de Neuropédiatrie et Handicaps (M.A.B.), Hôpital Gatien de Clocheville, CHU Tours, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (M.C.N.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium; Service de Neuropédiatrie (A.D.), CHU de Bicêtre, Kremlin-Bicêtre; Service de Neuropédiatrie (L.V.), CHU Lille; Service de Neurochirurgie Pédiatrique (M.B.), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (C.I.), Hôpital Raymond Poincarré, AP-HP, Garches; Service de Neurophysiologie (C.G.), Hôpital Necker, AP-HP, Paris; Département de Pédiatrie (C.L.), CHU Limoges; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (M.M.), CHU Timone Enfants, Marseille; Centre de Référence "Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares" (V.D.P.), Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, Université de Lyon; and INSERM U 1051 (A.R.), Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, France
| | - Charlene Delaygue
- From Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology (E.P., A.A.), Department of Paediatric Clinical Epileptology, University Hospitals of Lyon, member of the ERN EpiCARE; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (D.D., T.B.), Hôpital Trousseau, APHP, Paris; Centre d'Investigation Clinique (E.N., N.N.), CHU Montpellier; Department of Medical Genetics (G.L.), Centre de Biologie Est, Lyon University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, member of the ERN EpiCARE; Laboratoire de Génétique (F.R.), Groupe Hospitalier Lariboisière-Fernand Widal AP-HP, Paris; IGF (S.N.), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM; Département de Neuropédiatrie (C.D., A.R.), CHU Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier; Service de Neuropédiatrie et Handicaps (M.A.B.), Hôpital Gatien de Clocheville, CHU Tours, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (M.C.N.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium; Service de Neuropédiatrie (A.D.), CHU de Bicêtre, Kremlin-Bicêtre; Service de Neuropédiatrie (L.V.), CHU Lille; Service de Neurochirurgie Pédiatrique (M.B.), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (C.I.), Hôpital Raymond Poincarré, AP-HP, Garches; Service de Neurophysiologie (C.G.), Hôpital Necker, AP-HP, Paris; Département de Pédiatrie (C.L.), CHU Limoges; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (M.M.), CHU Timone Enfants, Marseille; Centre de Référence "Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares" (V.D.P.), Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, Université de Lyon; and INSERM U 1051 (A.R.), Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, France
| | - Marie Anne Barthez
- From Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology (E.P., A.A.), Department of Paediatric Clinical Epileptology, University Hospitals of Lyon, member of the ERN EpiCARE; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (D.D., T.B.), Hôpital Trousseau, APHP, Paris; Centre d'Investigation Clinique (E.N., N.N.), CHU Montpellier; Department of Medical Genetics (G.L.), Centre de Biologie Est, Lyon University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, member of the ERN EpiCARE; Laboratoire de Génétique (F.R.), Groupe Hospitalier Lariboisière-Fernand Widal AP-HP, Paris; IGF (S.N.), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM; Département de Neuropédiatrie (C.D., A.R.), CHU Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier; Service de Neuropédiatrie et Handicaps (M.A.B.), Hôpital Gatien de Clocheville, CHU Tours, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (M.C.N.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium; Service de Neuropédiatrie (A.D.), CHU de Bicêtre, Kremlin-Bicêtre; Service de Neuropédiatrie (L.V.), CHU Lille; Service de Neurochirurgie Pédiatrique (M.B.), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (C.I.), Hôpital Raymond Poincarré, AP-HP, Garches; Service de Neurophysiologie (C.G.), Hôpital Necker, AP-HP, Paris; Département de Pédiatrie (C.L.), CHU Limoges; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (M.M.), CHU Timone Enfants, Marseille; Centre de Référence "Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares" (V.D.P.), Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, Université de Lyon; and INSERM U 1051 (A.R.), Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, France
| | - Marie Cécile Nassogne
- From Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology (E.P., A.A.), Department of Paediatric Clinical Epileptology, University Hospitals of Lyon, member of the ERN EpiCARE; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (D.D., T.B.), Hôpital Trousseau, APHP, Paris; Centre d'Investigation Clinique (E.N., N.N.), CHU Montpellier; Department of Medical Genetics (G.L.), Centre de Biologie Est, Lyon University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, member of the ERN EpiCARE; Laboratoire de Génétique (F.R.), Groupe Hospitalier Lariboisière-Fernand Widal AP-HP, Paris; IGF (S.N.), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM; Département de Neuropédiatrie (C.D., A.R.), CHU Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier; Service de Neuropédiatrie et Handicaps (M.A.B.), Hôpital Gatien de Clocheville, CHU Tours, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (M.C.N.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium; Service de Neuropédiatrie (A.D.), CHU de Bicêtre, Kremlin-Bicêtre; Service de Neuropédiatrie (L.V.), CHU Lille; Service de Neurochirurgie Pédiatrique (M.B.), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (C.I.), Hôpital Raymond Poincarré, AP-HP, Garches; Service de Neurophysiologie (C.G.), Hôpital Necker, AP-HP, Paris; Département de Pédiatrie (C.L.), CHU Limoges; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (M.M.), CHU Timone Enfants, Marseille; Centre de Référence "Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares" (V.D.P.), Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, Université de Lyon; and INSERM U 1051 (A.R.), Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Dusser
- From Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology (E.P., A.A.), Department of Paediatric Clinical Epileptology, University Hospitals of Lyon, member of the ERN EpiCARE; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (D.D., T.B.), Hôpital Trousseau, APHP, Paris; Centre d'Investigation Clinique (E.N., N.N.), CHU Montpellier; Department of Medical Genetics (G.L.), Centre de Biologie Est, Lyon University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, member of the ERN EpiCARE; Laboratoire de Génétique (F.R.), Groupe Hospitalier Lariboisière-Fernand Widal AP-HP, Paris; IGF (S.N.), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM; Département de Neuropédiatrie (C.D., A.R.), CHU Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier; Service de Neuropédiatrie et Handicaps (M.A.B.), Hôpital Gatien de Clocheville, CHU Tours, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (M.C.N.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium; Service de Neuropédiatrie (A.D.), CHU de Bicêtre, Kremlin-Bicêtre; Service de Neuropédiatrie (L.V.), CHU Lille; Service de Neurochirurgie Pédiatrique (M.B.), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (C.I.), Hôpital Raymond Poincarré, AP-HP, Garches; Service de Neurophysiologie (C.G.), Hôpital Necker, AP-HP, Paris; Département de Pédiatrie (C.L.), CHU Limoges; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (M.M.), CHU Timone Enfants, Marseille; Centre de Référence "Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares" (V.D.P.), Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, Université de Lyon; and INSERM U 1051 (A.R.), Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, France
| | - Louis Vallée
- From Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology (E.P., A.A.), Department of Paediatric Clinical Epileptology, University Hospitals of Lyon, member of the ERN EpiCARE; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (D.D., T.B.), Hôpital Trousseau, APHP, Paris; Centre d'Investigation Clinique (E.N., N.N.), CHU Montpellier; Department of Medical Genetics (G.L.), Centre de Biologie Est, Lyon University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, member of the ERN EpiCARE; Laboratoire de Génétique (F.R.), Groupe Hospitalier Lariboisière-Fernand Widal AP-HP, Paris; IGF (S.N.), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM; Département de Neuropédiatrie (C.D., A.R.), CHU Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier; Service de Neuropédiatrie et Handicaps (M.A.B.), Hôpital Gatien de Clocheville, CHU Tours, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (M.C.N.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium; Service de Neuropédiatrie (A.D.), CHU de Bicêtre, Kremlin-Bicêtre; Service de Neuropédiatrie (L.V.), CHU Lille; Service de Neurochirurgie Pédiatrique (M.B.), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (C.I.), Hôpital Raymond Poincarré, AP-HP, Garches; Service de Neurophysiologie (C.G.), Hôpital Necker, AP-HP, Paris; Département de Pédiatrie (C.L.), CHU Limoges; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (M.M.), CHU Timone Enfants, Marseille; Centre de Référence "Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares" (V.D.P.), Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, Université de Lyon; and INSERM U 1051 (A.R.), Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Billette
- From Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology (E.P., A.A.), Department of Paediatric Clinical Epileptology, University Hospitals of Lyon, member of the ERN EpiCARE; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (D.D., T.B.), Hôpital Trousseau, APHP, Paris; Centre d'Investigation Clinique (E.N., N.N.), CHU Montpellier; Department of Medical Genetics (G.L.), Centre de Biologie Est, Lyon University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, member of the ERN EpiCARE; Laboratoire de Génétique (F.R.), Groupe Hospitalier Lariboisière-Fernand Widal AP-HP, Paris; IGF (S.N.), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM; Département de Neuropédiatrie (C.D., A.R.), CHU Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier; Service de Neuropédiatrie et Handicaps (M.A.B.), Hôpital Gatien de Clocheville, CHU Tours, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (M.C.N.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium; Service de Neuropédiatrie (A.D.), CHU de Bicêtre, Kremlin-Bicêtre; Service de Neuropédiatrie (L.V.), CHU Lille; Service de Neurochirurgie Pédiatrique (M.B.), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (C.I.), Hôpital Raymond Poincarré, AP-HP, Garches; Service de Neurophysiologie (C.G.), Hôpital Necker, AP-HP, Paris; Département de Pédiatrie (C.L.), CHU Limoges; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (M.M.), CHU Timone Enfants, Marseille; Centre de Référence "Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares" (V.D.P.), Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, Université de Lyon; and INSERM U 1051 (A.R.), Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, France
| | - Marie Bourgeois
- From Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology (E.P., A.A.), Department of Paediatric Clinical Epileptology, University Hospitals of Lyon, member of the ERN EpiCARE; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (D.D., T.B.), Hôpital Trousseau, APHP, Paris; Centre d'Investigation Clinique (E.N., N.N.), CHU Montpellier; Department of Medical Genetics (G.L.), Centre de Biologie Est, Lyon University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, member of the ERN EpiCARE; Laboratoire de Génétique (F.R.), Groupe Hospitalier Lariboisière-Fernand Widal AP-HP, Paris; IGF (S.N.), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM; Département de Neuropédiatrie (C.D., A.R.), CHU Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier; Service de Neuropédiatrie et Handicaps (M.A.B.), Hôpital Gatien de Clocheville, CHU Tours, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (M.C.N.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium; Service de Neuropédiatrie (A.D.), CHU de Bicêtre, Kremlin-Bicêtre; Service de Neuropédiatrie (L.V.), CHU Lille; Service de Neurochirurgie Pédiatrique (M.B.), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (C.I.), Hôpital Raymond Poincarré, AP-HP, Garches; Service de Neurophysiologie (C.G.), Hôpital Necker, AP-HP, Paris; Département de Pédiatrie (C.L.), CHU Limoges; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (M.M.), CHU Timone Enfants, Marseille; Centre de Référence "Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares" (V.D.P.), Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, Université de Lyon; and INSERM U 1051 (A.R.), Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, France
| | - Christine Ioos
- From Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology (E.P., A.A.), Department of Paediatric Clinical Epileptology, University Hospitals of Lyon, member of the ERN EpiCARE; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (D.D., T.B.), Hôpital Trousseau, APHP, Paris; Centre d'Investigation Clinique (E.N., N.N.), CHU Montpellier; Department of Medical Genetics (G.L.), Centre de Biologie Est, Lyon University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, member of the ERN EpiCARE; Laboratoire de Génétique (F.R.), Groupe Hospitalier Lariboisière-Fernand Widal AP-HP, Paris; IGF (S.N.), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM; Département de Neuropédiatrie (C.D., A.R.), CHU Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier; Service de Neuropédiatrie et Handicaps (M.A.B.), Hôpital Gatien de Clocheville, CHU Tours, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (M.C.N.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium; Service de Neuropédiatrie (A.D.), CHU de Bicêtre, Kremlin-Bicêtre; Service de Neuropédiatrie (L.V.), CHU Lille; Service de Neurochirurgie Pédiatrique (M.B.), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (C.I.), Hôpital Raymond Poincarré, AP-HP, Garches; Service de Neurophysiologie (C.G.), Hôpital Necker, AP-HP, Paris; Département de Pédiatrie (C.L.), CHU Limoges; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (M.M.), CHU Timone Enfants, Marseille; Centre de Référence "Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares" (V.D.P.), Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, Université de Lyon; and INSERM U 1051 (A.R.), Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, France
| | - Cyril Gitiaux
- From Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology (E.P., A.A.), Department of Paediatric Clinical Epileptology, University Hospitals of Lyon, member of the ERN EpiCARE; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (D.D., T.B.), Hôpital Trousseau, APHP, Paris; Centre d'Investigation Clinique (E.N., N.N.), CHU Montpellier; Department of Medical Genetics (G.L.), Centre de Biologie Est, Lyon University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, member of the ERN EpiCARE; Laboratoire de Génétique (F.R.), Groupe Hospitalier Lariboisière-Fernand Widal AP-HP, Paris; IGF (S.N.), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM; Département de Neuropédiatrie (C.D., A.R.), CHU Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier; Service de Neuropédiatrie et Handicaps (M.A.B.), Hôpital Gatien de Clocheville, CHU Tours, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (M.C.N.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium; Service de Neuropédiatrie (A.D.), CHU de Bicêtre, Kremlin-Bicêtre; Service de Neuropédiatrie (L.V.), CHU Lille; Service de Neurochirurgie Pédiatrique (M.B.), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (C.I.), Hôpital Raymond Poincarré, AP-HP, Garches; Service de Neurophysiologie (C.G.), Hôpital Necker, AP-HP, Paris; Département de Pédiatrie (C.L.), CHU Limoges; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (M.M.), CHU Timone Enfants, Marseille; Centre de Référence "Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares" (V.D.P.), Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, Université de Lyon; and INSERM U 1051 (A.R.), Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, France
| | - Cécile Laroche
- From Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology (E.P., A.A.), Department of Paediatric Clinical Epileptology, University Hospitals of Lyon, member of the ERN EpiCARE; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (D.D., T.B.), Hôpital Trousseau, APHP, Paris; Centre d'Investigation Clinique (E.N., N.N.), CHU Montpellier; Department of Medical Genetics (G.L.), Centre de Biologie Est, Lyon University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, member of the ERN EpiCARE; Laboratoire de Génétique (F.R.), Groupe Hospitalier Lariboisière-Fernand Widal AP-HP, Paris; IGF (S.N.), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM; Département de Neuropédiatrie (C.D., A.R.), CHU Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier; Service de Neuropédiatrie et Handicaps (M.A.B.), Hôpital Gatien de Clocheville, CHU Tours, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (M.C.N.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium; Service de Neuropédiatrie (A.D.), CHU de Bicêtre, Kremlin-Bicêtre; Service de Neuropédiatrie (L.V.), CHU Lille; Service de Neurochirurgie Pédiatrique (M.B.), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (C.I.), Hôpital Raymond Poincarré, AP-HP, Garches; Service de Neurophysiologie (C.G.), Hôpital Necker, AP-HP, Paris; Département de Pédiatrie (C.L.), CHU Limoges; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (M.M.), CHU Timone Enfants, Marseille; Centre de Référence "Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares" (V.D.P.), Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, Université de Lyon; and INSERM U 1051 (A.R.), Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, France
| | - Mathieu Milh
- From Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology (E.P., A.A.), Department of Paediatric Clinical Epileptology, University Hospitals of Lyon, member of the ERN EpiCARE; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (D.D., T.B.), Hôpital Trousseau, APHP, Paris; Centre d'Investigation Clinique (E.N., N.N.), CHU Montpellier; Department of Medical Genetics (G.L.), Centre de Biologie Est, Lyon University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, member of the ERN EpiCARE; Laboratoire de Génétique (F.R.), Groupe Hospitalier Lariboisière-Fernand Widal AP-HP, Paris; IGF (S.N.), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM; Département de Neuropédiatrie (C.D., A.R.), CHU Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier; Service de Neuropédiatrie et Handicaps (M.A.B.), Hôpital Gatien de Clocheville, CHU Tours, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (M.C.N.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium; Service de Neuropédiatrie (A.D.), CHU de Bicêtre, Kremlin-Bicêtre; Service de Neuropédiatrie (L.V.), CHU Lille; Service de Neurochirurgie Pédiatrique (M.B.), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (C.I.), Hôpital Raymond Poincarré, AP-HP, Garches; Service de Neurophysiologie (C.G.), Hôpital Necker, AP-HP, Paris; Département de Pédiatrie (C.L.), CHU Limoges; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (M.M.), CHU Timone Enfants, Marseille; Centre de Référence "Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares" (V.D.P.), Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, Université de Lyon; and INSERM U 1051 (A.R.), Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Des Portes
- From Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology (E.P., A.A.), Department of Paediatric Clinical Epileptology, University Hospitals of Lyon, member of the ERN EpiCARE; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (D.D., T.B.), Hôpital Trousseau, APHP, Paris; Centre d'Investigation Clinique (E.N., N.N.), CHU Montpellier; Department of Medical Genetics (G.L.), Centre de Biologie Est, Lyon University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, member of the ERN EpiCARE; Laboratoire de Génétique (F.R.), Groupe Hospitalier Lariboisière-Fernand Widal AP-HP, Paris; IGF (S.N.), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM; Département de Neuropédiatrie (C.D., A.R.), CHU Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier; Service de Neuropédiatrie et Handicaps (M.A.B.), Hôpital Gatien de Clocheville, CHU Tours, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (M.C.N.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium; Service de Neuropédiatrie (A.D.), CHU de Bicêtre, Kremlin-Bicêtre; Service de Neuropédiatrie (L.V.), CHU Lille; Service de Neurochirurgie Pédiatrique (M.B.), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (C.I.), Hôpital Raymond Poincarré, AP-HP, Garches; Service de Neurophysiologie (C.G.), Hôpital Necker, AP-HP, Paris; Département de Pédiatrie (C.L.), CHU Limoges; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (M.M.), CHU Timone Enfants, Marseille; Centre de Référence "Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares" (V.D.P.), Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, Université de Lyon; and INSERM U 1051 (A.R.), Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, France
| | - Alexis Arzimanoglou
- From Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology (E.P., A.A.), Department of Paediatric Clinical Epileptology, University Hospitals of Lyon, member of the ERN EpiCARE; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (D.D., T.B.), Hôpital Trousseau, APHP, Paris; Centre d'Investigation Clinique (E.N., N.N.), CHU Montpellier; Department of Medical Genetics (G.L.), Centre de Biologie Est, Lyon University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, member of the ERN EpiCARE; Laboratoire de Génétique (F.R.), Groupe Hospitalier Lariboisière-Fernand Widal AP-HP, Paris; IGF (S.N.), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM; Département de Neuropédiatrie (C.D., A.R.), CHU Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier; Service de Neuropédiatrie et Handicaps (M.A.B.), Hôpital Gatien de Clocheville, CHU Tours, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (M.C.N.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium; Service de Neuropédiatrie (A.D.), CHU de Bicêtre, Kremlin-Bicêtre; Service de Neuropédiatrie (L.V.), CHU Lille; Service de Neurochirurgie Pédiatrique (M.B.), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (C.I.), Hôpital Raymond Poincarré, AP-HP, Garches; Service de Neurophysiologie (C.G.), Hôpital Necker, AP-HP, Paris; Département de Pédiatrie (C.L.), CHU Limoges; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (M.M.), CHU Timone Enfants, Marseille; Centre de Référence "Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares" (V.D.P.), Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, Université de Lyon; and INSERM U 1051 (A.R.), Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, France
| | - Agathe Roubertie
- From Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology (E.P., A.A.), Department of Paediatric Clinical Epileptology, University Hospitals of Lyon, member of the ERN EpiCARE; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (D.D., T.B.), Hôpital Trousseau, APHP, Paris; Centre d'Investigation Clinique (E.N., N.N.), CHU Montpellier; Department of Medical Genetics (G.L.), Centre de Biologie Est, Lyon University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, member of the ERN EpiCARE; Laboratoire de Génétique (F.R.), Groupe Hospitalier Lariboisière-Fernand Widal AP-HP, Paris; IGF (S.N.), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM; Département de Neuropédiatrie (C.D., A.R.), CHU Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier; Service de Neuropédiatrie et Handicaps (M.A.B.), Hôpital Gatien de Clocheville, CHU Tours, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (M.C.N.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium; Service de Neuropédiatrie (A.D.), CHU de Bicêtre, Kremlin-Bicêtre; Service de Neuropédiatrie (L.V.), CHU Lille; Service de Neurochirurgie Pédiatrique (M.B.), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (C.I.), Hôpital Raymond Poincarré, AP-HP, Garches; Service de Neurophysiologie (C.G.), Hôpital Necker, AP-HP, Paris; Département de Pédiatrie (C.L.), CHU Limoges; Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique (M.M.), CHU Timone Enfants, Marseille; Centre de Référence "Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares" (V.D.P.), Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, Université de Lyon; and INSERM U 1051 (A.R.), Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, France.
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Smolyaninova LV, Shiyan AA, Kapilevich LV, Lopachev AV, Fedorova TN, Klementieva TS, Moskovtsev AA, Kubatiev AA, Orlov SN. Transcriptomic changes triggered by ouabain in rat cerebellum granule cells: Role of α3- and α1-Na+,K+-ATPase-mediated signaling. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222767. [PMID: 31557202 PMCID: PMC6762055 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It was shown previously that inhibition of the ubiquitous α1 isoform of Na+,K+-ATPase by ouabain sharply affects gene expression profile via elevation of intracellular [Na+]i/[K+]i ratio. Unlike other cells, neurons are abundant in the α3 isoform of Na+,K+-ATPase, whose affinity in rodents to ouabain is 104-fold higher compared to the α1 isoform. With these sharp differences in mind, we compared transcriptomic changes in rat cerebellum granule cells triggered by inhibition of α1- and α3-Na+,K+-ATPase isoforms. Inhibition of α1- and α3-Na+,K+-ATPase isoforms by 1 mM ouabain resulted in dissipation of transmembrane Na+ and K+ gradients and differential expression of 994 transcripts, whereas selective inhibition of α3-Na+,K+-ATPase isoform by 100 nM ouabain affected expression of 144 transcripts without any impact on the [Na+]i/[K+]i ratio. The list of genes whose expression was affected by 1 mM ouabain by more than 2-fold was abundant in intermediates of intracellular signaling and transcription regulators, including augmented content of Npas4, Fos, Junb, Atf3, and Klf4 mRNAs, whose upregulated expression was demonstrated in neurons subjected to electrical and glutamatergic stimulation. The role [Na+]i/[K+]i-mediated signaling in transcriptomic changes involved in memory formation and storage should be examined further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa V. Smolyaninova
- Department of Biomembranes, Faculty of Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Sports Tourism Sports Physiology and Medicine, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
- * E-mail: (LVS); (SNO)
| | - Alexandra A. Shiyan
- Department of Biomembranes, Faculty of Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid V. Kapilevich
- Department of Sports Tourism Sports Physiology and Medicine, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Lopachev
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neurochemistry, Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana N. Fedorova
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neurochemistry, Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana S. Klementieva
- Department of Molecular and Cell Pathophysiology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksey A. Moskovtsev
- Department of Molecular and Cell Pathophysiology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aslan A. Kubatiev
- Department of Molecular and Cell Pathophysiology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei N. Orlov
- Department of Biomembranes, Faculty of Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Sports Tourism Sports Physiology and Medicine, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
- Central Research Laboratory, Siberian Medical State University, Tomsk, Russia
- * E-mail: (LVS); (SNO)
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Transcriptomic changes triggered by ouabain in rat cerebellum granule cells: Role of α3- and α1-Na+,K+-ATPase-mediated signaling. PLoS One 2019. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222767
expr 919876128 + 853282961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
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18
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Litan A, Li Z, Tokhtaeva E, Kelly P, Vagin O, Langhans SA. A Functional Interaction Between Na,K-ATPase β 2-Subunit/AMOG and NF2/Merlin Regulates Growth Factor Signaling in Cerebellar Granule Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:7557-7571. [PMID: 31062247 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1592-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The Na,K-ATPase, consisting of a catalytic α-subunit and a regulatory β-subunit, is a ubiquitously expressed ion pump that carries out the transport of Na+ and K+ across the plasma membranes of most animal cells. In addition to its pump function, Na,K-ATPase serves as a signaling scaffold and a cell adhesion molecule. Of the three β-subunit isoforms, β1 is found in almost all tissues, while β2 expression is mostly restricted to brain and muscle. In cerebellar granule cells, the β2-subunit, also known as adhesion molecule on glia (AMOG), has been linked to neuron-astrocyte adhesion and granule cell migration, suggesting its role in cerebellar development. Nevertheless, little is known about molecular pathways that link the β2-subunit to its cellular functions. Using cerebellar granule precursor cells, we found that the β2-subunit, but not the β1-subunit, negatively regulates the expression of a key activator of the Hippo/YAP signaling pathway, Merlin/neurofibromin-2 (NF2). The knockdown of the β2-subunit resulted in increased Merlin/NF2 expression and affected downstream targets of Hippo signaling, i.e., increased YAP phosphorylation and decreased expression of N-Ras. Further, the β2-subunit knockdown altered the kinetics of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling in a Merlin-dependent mode and impaired EGF-induced reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Therefore, our studies for the first time provide a functional link between the Na,K-ATPase β2-subunit and Merlin/NF2 and suggest a role for the β2-subunit in regulating cytoskeletal dynamics and Hippo/YAP signaling during neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Litan
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, DuPont Experimental Station, Bldg 400, #4414, 200 Powder Mill Road, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA.,Biological Sciences Graduate Program, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Zhiqin Li
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, DuPont Experimental Station, Bldg 400, #4414, 200 Powder Mill Road, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
| | - Elmira Tokhtaeva
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, and VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA
| | - Patience Kelly
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, DuPont Experimental Station, Bldg 400, #4414, 200 Powder Mill Road, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA.,Biological Sciences Graduate Program, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Olga Vagin
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, and VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA
| | - Sigrid A Langhans
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, DuPont Experimental Station, Bldg 400, #4414, 200 Powder Mill Road, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA.
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Differential expression patterns of sodium potassium ATPase alpha and beta subunit isoforms in mouse brain during postnatal development. Neurochem Int 2019; 128:163-174. [PMID: 31009649 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The sodium potassium ATPase (Na+/K+ ATPase) is essential for the maintenance of a low intracellular Na+ and a high intracellular K+ concentration. Loss of function of the Na+/K+ ATPase due to mutations in Na+/K+ ATPase genes, anoxic conditions, depletion of ATP or inhibition of the Na+/K+ ATPase function using cardiac glycosides such as digitalis, causes a depolarization of the resting membrane potential. While in non-excitable cells, the uptake of glucose and amino acids is decreased if the function of the Na+/K+ ATPase is compromised, in excitable cells the symptoms range from local hyper-excitability to inactivating depolarization. Although several studies have demonstrated the differential expression of the various Na+/K+ ATPase alpha and beta isoforms in the brain tissue of rodents, their expression profile during development has yet to be thoroughly investigated. An immunohistochemical analysis of postnatal day 19 mouse brain showed ubiquitous expression of Na+/K+ ATPase isoforms α1, β1 and β2 in both neurons and glial cells, whereas α2 was expressed mostly in glial cells and the α3 and β3 isoforms were expressed in neurons. Furthermore, we examined potential changes in the relative expression of the different Na+/K+ ATPase isoforms in different brain areas of postnatal day 6 and in adult 9 months old animals using immunoblot analysis. Our results show a significant up-regulation of the α1 isoform in cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum, whereas, the α2 isoform was significantly up-regulated in midbrain. The β3 isoform showed a significant up-regulation in all brain areas investigated. The up-regulation of the α3 isoform matched that of the β2 isoform which were both significantly up-regulated in cortex, hippocampus and midbrain, suggesting that the increased maturation of the neuronal network is accompanied by an increase in expression of α3/β2 complexes in these brain structures.
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20
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Della-Pace ID, Souza TLD, Grauncke ACB, Rambo LM, Ribeiro LR, Cipolatto RP, Severo L, Papalia WL, Santos ARS, Facundo VA, Oliveira MS, Furian AF, Fighera MR, Royes LFF. Modulation of Na +/K +- ATPase activity by triterpene 3β, 6β, 16β-trihidroxilup-20 (29)-ene (TTHL) limits the long-term secondary degeneration after traumatic brain injury in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 854:387-397. [PMID: 30807746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a public health problem characterized by a combination of immediate mechanical dysfunction of the brain tissue, and secondary damage. Based on the hypothesis that selected targets, such as Na+ K+-ATPase are involved in the secondary damage after TBI and modulation of this enzyme activity by triterpene 3β, 6β, 16β-trihidroxilup-20 (29)-ene (TTHL) supports the ethnomedical applications of this plant, we decided to investigate whether previous TTHL treatment interrupts the progression of pathophysiology induced by TBI. Statistical analyses revealed that percussion fluid injury (FPI) increased Na+,K+-ATPase activity in all isoform (α1 and α2/3) 15 min after neuronal injury. The FPI protocol inhibited Na+,K+-ATPase activity total and α1 isoform, increased [3H]MK-801 binding but did not alter Dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) oxidation, carbonylated proteins and free -SH groups 60 min after injury. The increase of immunoreactivity of protein PKC and state of phosphorylation of at Ser16 of Na+,K+-ATPase 60 min after FPI suggest the involvement of PKC on Na+,K+-ATPase activity oscillations characterized by inhibition of total and α1 isoform. Our experimental data also revealed that natural product rich in compounds such as triterpenes (TTHL; 30 mg/kg) attenuates [3H]MK-801 binding increase, phosphorylation of the PKC and the Na+,K+-ATPase alpha 1 subunit (Ser16) induced by FPI. The previous TTHL treatment had not effect on motor disability but protected against spatial memory deficit, BDNF, TrKB expression decrease, protein carbonylation and hippocampal cell death 7 days after FPI. These data suggest that TTHL-induced reduction on initial damage limits the long-term secondary degeneration and supports neural repair or behavioral compensation after neuronal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuri Domingues Della-Pace
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Thaíze Lopes de Souza
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Beck Grauncke
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Magno Rambo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Leandro Rodrigo Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Parcianello Cipolatto
- Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Departamento de Métodos e Técnicas Desportivas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Leandro Severo
- Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Departamento de Métodos e Técnicas Desportivas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Willian Link Papalia
- Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Departamento de Métodos e Técnicas Desportivas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Adair Roberto Soares Santos
- Centro de Ciencias Biologicas, Laboratório de Neurobiologia da Dor e Inflamação, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Valdir A Facundo
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho 78900-500, RO, Brazil
| | - Mauro Schneider Oliveira
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Laboratório de Neurotoxicidade, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Flavia Furian
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Laboratório de Neurotoxicidade, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Michele Rechia Fighera
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde Departamento de Clínica Médica e Pediatria, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Freire Royes
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Departamento de Métodos e Técnicas Desportivas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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21
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Corbetta C, Di Ianni N, Bruzzone MG, Patanè M, Pollo B, Cantini G, Cominelli M, Zucca I, Pisati F, Poliani PL, Finocchiaro G, Pellegatta S. Altered function of the glutamate–aspartate transporter GLAST, a potential therapeutic target in glioblastoma. Int J Cancer 2019; 144:2539-2554. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Corbetta
- Unit of Molecular Neuro‐OncologyFondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta Milan Italy
| | - Natalia Di Ianni
- Unit of Molecular Neuro‐OncologyFondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta Milan Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Bruzzone
- Experimental Imaging and Neuro‐RadiologyFondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta Milan Italy
| | - Monica Patanè
- Unit of PathologyFondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta Milan Italy
| | - Bianca Pollo
- Unit of PathologyFondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta Milan Italy
| | - Gabriele Cantini
- Unit of Molecular Neuro‐OncologyFondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta Milan Italy
| | | | - Ileana Zucca
- Experimental Imaging and Neuro‐RadiologyFondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta Milan Italy
| | - Federica Pisati
- Unit of Molecular Neuro‐OncologyFondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta Milan Italy
| | | | - Gaetano Finocchiaro
- Unit of Molecular Neuro‐OncologyFondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta Milan Italy
| | - Serena Pellegatta
- Unit of Molecular Neuro‐OncologyFondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta Milan Italy
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Smolyaninova LV, Shiyan AA, Kapilevich LV, Lopachev AV, Fedorova TN, Klementieva TS, Moskovtsev AA, Kubatiev AA, Orlov SN. Transcriptomic changes triggered by ouabain in rat cerebellum granule cells: Role of α3- and α1-Na+,K+-ATPase-mediated signaling. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222767. [PMID: 31557202 PMCID: PMC6762055 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222767&set/a 820829471+911750583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
It was shown previously that inhibition of the ubiquitous α1 isoform of Na+,K+-ATPase by ouabain sharply affects gene expression profile via elevation of intracellular [Na+]i/[K+]i ratio. Unlike other cells, neurons are abundant in the α3 isoform of Na+,K+-ATPase, whose affinity in rodents to ouabain is 104-fold higher compared to the α1 isoform. With these sharp differences in mind, we compared transcriptomic changes in rat cerebellum granule cells triggered by inhibition of α1- and α3-Na+,K+-ATPase isoforms. Inhibition of α1- and α3-Na+,K+-ATPase isoforms by 1 mM ouabain resulted in dissipation of transmembrane Na+ and K+ gradients and differential expression of 994 transcripts, whereas selective inhibition of α3-Na+,K+-ATPase isoform by 100 nM ouabain affected expression of 144 transcripts without any impact on the [Na+]i/[K+]i ratio. The list of genes whose expression was affected by 1 mM ouabain by more than 2-fold was abundant in intermediates of intracellular signaling and transcription regulators, including augmented content of Npas4, Fos, Junb, Atf3, and Klf4 mRNAs, whose upregulated expression was demonstrated in neurons subjected to electrical and glutamatergic stimulation. The role [Na+]i/[K+]i-mediated signaling in transcriptomic changes involved in memory formation and storage should be examined further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa V. Smolyaninova
- Department of Biomembranes, Faculty of Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Sports Tourism Sports Physiology and Medicine, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
- * E-mail: (LVS); (SNO)
| | - Alexandra A. Shiyan
- Department of Biomembranes, Faculty of Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid V. Kapilevich
- Department of Sports Tourism Sports Physiology and Medicine, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Lopachev
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neurochemistry, Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana N. Fedorova
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neurochemistry, Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana S. Klementieva
- Department of Molecular and Cell Pathophysiology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksey A. Moskovtsev
- Department of Molecular and Cell Pathophysiology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aslan A. Kubatiev
- Department of Molecular and Cell Pathophysiology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei N. Orlov
- Department of Biomembranes, Faculty of Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Sports Tourism Sports Physiology and Medicine, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
- Central Research Laboratory, Siberian Medical State University, Tomsk, Russia
- * E-mail: (LVS); (SNO)
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23
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Shrivastava AN, Triller A, Melki R. Cell biology and dynamics of Neuronal Na +/K +-ATPase in health and diseases. Neuropharmacology 2018; 169:107461. [PMID: 30550795 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal Na+/K+-ATPase is responsible for the maintenance of ionic gradient across plasma membrane. In doing so, in a healthy brain, Na+/K+-ATPase activity accounts for nearly half of total brain energy consumption. The α3-subunit containing Na+/K+-ATPase expression is restricted to neurons. Heterozygous mutations within α3-subunit leads to Rapid-onset Dystonia Parkinsonism, Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood and other neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Additionally, proteins such as α-synuclein, amyloid-β, tau and SOD1 whose aggregation is associated to neurodegenerative diseases directly bind and impair α3-Na+/K+-ATPase activity. The review will provide a summary of neuronal α3-Na+/K+-ATPase functional properties, expression pattern, protein-protein interactions at the plasma membrane, biophysical properties (distribution and lateral diffusion). Lastly, the role of α3-Na+/K+-ATPase in neurological and neurodegenerative disorders will be discussed. This article is part of the special issue entitled 'Mobility and trafficking of neuronal membrane proteins'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amulya Nidhi Shrivastava
- CEA, Institut François Jacob (MIRcen) and CNRS, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases (U9199), 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Antoine Triller
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, INSERM, CNRS, PSL, Research University, 46 Rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ronald Melki
- CEA, Institut François Jacob (MIRcen) and CNRS, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases (U9199), 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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24
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Ding B, Walton JP, Zhu X, Frisina RD. Age-related changes in Na, K-ATPase expression, subunit isoform selection and assembly in the stria vascularis lateral wall of mouse cochlea. Hear Res 2018; 367:59-73. [PMID: 30029086 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Due to the critical role of cochlear ion channels for hearing, the focus of the present study was to examine age-related changes of Na, K-ATPase (NKA) subunits in the lateral wall of mouse cochlea. We combined qRT-PCR, western blot and immunocytochemistry methodologies in order to determine gene and protein expression levels in the lateral wall of young and aged CBA/CaJ mice. Of the seven NKA subunits, only the mRNA expressions of α1, β1 and β2 subunit isoforms were detected in the lateral wall of CBA/CaJ mice. Aging was accompanied by dys-regulation of gene and protein expression of all three subunits detected. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining revealed atrophy of the cochlear stria vascularis (SV). The SV atrophy rate (20%) was much less than the ∼80% decline in expression of all three NKA isoforms, indicating lateral wall atrophy and NKA dys-regulation are independent factors and that there is a combination of changes involving the morphology of SV and NKA expression in the aging cochlea which may concomitantly affect cochlear function. Immunoprecipitation assays showed that the α1-β1 heterodimer is the selective preferential heterodimer over the α1-β2 heterodimer in cochlea lateral wall. Interestingly, in vitro pathway experiments utilizing cultured mouse cochlear marginal cells from the SV (SV-K1 cells) indicated that decreased mRNA and protein expressions of α1, β1 and β2 subunit isoforms are not associated with reduction of NKA activity following in vitro application of ouabain, but ouabain did disrupt the α1-β1 heterodimer interaction. Lastly, the association between the α1 and β1 subunit isoforms was present in the cochlear lateral wall of young adult mice, but this interaction could not be detected in old mice. Taken together, these data suggest that in the young adult mouse there is a specific, functional selection and assembly of NKA subunit isoforms in the SV lateral wall, which is disrupted and dys-regulated with age. Interventions for this age-linked ion channel disruption may have the potential to help diagnose, prevent, or treat age-related hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ding
- Dept. Communication Sciences & Disorders, Global Center for Hearing & Speech Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Joseph P Walton
- Dept. Communication Sciences & Disorders, Global Center for Hearing & Speech Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Dept. Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Global Center for Hearing & Speech Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Xiaoxia Zhu
- Dept. Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Global Center for Hearing & Speech Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Robert D Frisina
- Dept. Communication Sciences & Disorders, Global Center for Hearing & Speech Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Dept. Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Global Center for Hearing & Speech Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Dept. Medical Engineering, Global Center for Hearing & Speech Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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25
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Jia S, Li B, Huang J, Verkhratsky A, Peng L. Regulation of Glycogen Content in Astrocytes via Cav-1/PTEN/AKT/GSK-3β Pathway by Three Anti-bipolar Drugs. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:1692-1701. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2585-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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26
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Peter MS, Simi S. Hypoxia Stress Modifies Na +/K +-ATPase, H +/K +-ATPase, [Formula: see text], and nkaα1 Isoform Expression in the Brain of Immune-Challenged Air-Breathing Fish. J Exp Neurosci 2017; 11:1179069517733732. [PMID: 29238219 PMCID: PMC5721975 DOI: 10.1177/1179069517733732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fishes are equipped to sense stressful stimuli and are able to respond to environmental stressor such as hypoxia with varying pattern of stress response. The functional attributes of brain to hypoxia stress in relation to ion transport and its interaction during immune challenge have not yet delineated in fish. We, therefore, explored the pattern of ion transporter functions and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of α1-subunit isoforms of Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) in the brain segments, namely, prosencephalon (PC), mesencephalon (MC), and metencephalon (MeC) in an obligate air-breathing fish exposed either to hypoxia stress (30 minutes forced immersion in water) or challenged with zymosan treatment (25-200 ng g−1 for 24 hours) or both. Zymosan that produced nonspecific immune responses evoked differential regulation of NKA, H+/K+-ATPase (HKA), and Na+/NH4+-ATPase (NNA) in the varied brain segments. On the contrary, hypoxia stress that demanded activation of NKA in PC and MeC showed a reversed NKA activity pattern in MeC of immune-challenged fish. A compromised HKA and NNA regulation during hypoxia stress was found in immune-challenged fish, indicating the role of these brain ion transporters to hypoxia stress and immune challenges. The differential mRNA expression of α1-subunit isoforms of NKA, nkaα1a, nkaα1b, and nkaα1c, in hypoxia-stressed brain showed a shift in its expression pattern during hypoxia stress-immune interaction in PC and MC. Evidence is thus presented for the first time that ion transporters such as HKA and NNA along with NKA act as functional brain markers which respond differentially to both hypoxia stress and immune challenges. Taken together, the data further provide evidence for a differential Na+, K+, H+, and NH4+ ion signaling that exists in brain neuronal clusters during hypoxia stress-immune interaction as a result of modified regulations of NKA, HKA, and NNA transporter functions and nkaα1 isoform regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mc Subhash Peter
- Department of Zoology, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, India.,Inter-University Centre for Evolutionary and Integrative Biology, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Satheesan Simi
- Department of Zoology, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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Rotoli D, Cejas MM, Maeso MDC, Pérez-Rodríguez ND, Morales M, Ávila J, Mobasheri A, Martín-Vasallo P. The Na, K-ATPase β-Subunit Isoforms Expression in Glioblastoma Multiforme: Moonlighting Roles. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112369. [PMID: 29117147 PMCID: PMC5713338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common form of malignant glioma. Recent studies point out that gliomas exploit ion channels and transporters, including Na, K-ATPase, to sustain their singular growth and invasion as they invade the brain parenchyma. Moreover, the different isoforms of the β-subunit of Na, K-ATPase have been implicated in regulating cellular dynamics, particularly during cancer progression. The aim of this study was to determine the Na, K-ATPase β subunit isoform subcellular expression patterns in all cell types responsible for microenvironment heterogeneity of GBM using immunohistochemical analysis. All three isoforms, β1, β2/AMOG (Adhesion Molecule On Glia) and β3, were found to be expressed in GBM samples. Generally, β1 isoform was not expressed by astrocytes, in both primary and secondary GBM, although other cell types (endothelial cells, pericytes, telocytes, macrophages) did express this isoform. β2/AMOG and β3 positive expression was observed in the cytoplasm, membrane and nuclear envelope of astrocytes and GFAP (Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein) negative cells. Interestingly, differences in isoforms expression have been observed between primary and secondary GBM: in secondary GBM, β2 isoform expression in astrocytes was lower than that observed in primary GBM, while the expression of the β3 subunit was more intense. These changes in β subunit isoforms expression in GBM could be related to a different ionic handling, to a different relationship between astrocyte and neuron (β2/AMOG) and to changes in the moonlighting roles of Na, K-ATPase β subunits as adaptor proteins and transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Rotoli
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo, UD de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias (CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Av. Astrofísico Sánchez s/n, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
- CNR-National Research Council, Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology (IEOS), Via Sergio Pansini, 5-80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Mariana-Mayela Cejas
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo, UD de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias (CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Av. Astrofísico Sánchez s/n, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
| | - María-Del-Carmen Maeso
- Service of Pathology, University Hospital Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.
| | - Natalia-Dolores Pérez-Rodríguez
- Service of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.
| | - Manuel Morales
- Service of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.
- Medical Oncology, Hospiten® Hospitals, 38001 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Tenerife, Spain.
| | - Julio Ávila
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo, UD de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias (CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Av. Astrofísico Sánchez s/n, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - Pablo Martín-Vasallo
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo, UD de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias (CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Av. Astrofísico Sánchez s/n, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
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Hertz L, Chen Y. Glycogenolysis, an Astrocyte-Specific Reaction, is Essential for Both Astrocytic and Neuronal Activities Involved in Learning. Neuroscience 2017; 370:27-36. [PMID: 28668486 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In brain glycogen, formed from glucose, is degraded (glycogenolysis) in astrocytes but not in neurons. Although most of the degradation follows the same pathway as glucose, its breakdown product, l-lactate, is released from astrocytes in larger amounts than glucose when glycogenolysis is activated by noradrenaline. However, this is not the case when glycogenolysis is activated by high potassium ion (K+) concentrations - possibly because noradrenaline in contrast to high K+ stimulates glycogenolysis by an increase not only in free cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) but also in cyclic AMP (c-AMP), which may increase the expression of the monocarboxylate transporter through which it is released. Several transmitters activate glycogenolysis in astrocytes and do so at different time points after training. This stimulation is essential for memory consolidation because glycogenolysis is necessary for uptake of K+ and stimulates formation of glutamate from glucose, and therefore is needed both for removal of increased extracellular K+ following neuronal excitation (which initially occurs into astrocytes) and for formation of transmitter glutamate and GABA. In addition the released l-lactate has effects on neurons which are essential for learning and for learning-related long-term potentiation (LTP), including induction of the neuronal gene Arc/Arg3.1 and activation of gene cascades mediated by CREB and cofilin. Inhibition of glycogenolysis blocks learning, LTP and all related molecular events, but all changes can be reversed by injection of l-lactate. The effect of extracellular l-lactate is due to both astrocyte-mediated signaling which activates noradrenergic activity on all brain cells and to a minor uptake, possibly into dendritic spines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leif Hertz
- Laboratory of Metabolic Brain Diseases, Institute of Metabolic Disease Research and Drug Development, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Ye Chen
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA.
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29
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Isaksen TJ, Kros L, Vedovato N, Holm TH, Vitenzon A, Gadsby DC, Khodakhah K, Lykke-Hartmann K. Hypothermia-induced dystonia and abnormal cerebellar activity in a mouse model with a single disease-mutation in the sodium-potassium pump. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006763. [PMID: 28472154 PMCID: PMC5436892 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the neuron-specific α3 isoform of the Na+/K+-ATPase are found in patients suffering from Rapid onset Dystonia Parkinsonism and Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood, two closely related movement disorders. We show that mice harboring a heterozygous hot spot disease mutation, D801Y (α3+/D801Y), suffer abrupt hypothermia-induced dystonia identified by electromyographic recordings. Single-neuron in vivo recordings in awake α3+/D801Y mice revealed irregular firing of Purkinje cells and their synaptic targets, the deep cerebellar nuclei neurons, which was further exacerbated during dystonia and evolved into abnormal high-frequency burst-like firing. Biophysically, we show that the D-to-Y mutation abolished pump-mediated Na+/K+ exchange, but allowed the pumps to bind Na+ and become phosphorylated. These findings implicate aberrant cerebellar activity in α3 isoform-related dystonia and add to the functional understanding of the scarce and severe mutations in the α3 isoform Na+/K+-ATPase. The neurological spectrum associated with mutations in the ATP1A3 gene, encoding the α3 isoform of the Na+/K+-ATPase, is complex and still poorly understood. To elucidate the disease-specific pathophysiology, we examined a mouse model harboring the mutation D801Y, which was originally found in a patient with Rapid onset Dystonia Parkinsonism, but recently, also in a patient with Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood. We found that this model exhibited motor deficits and developed dystonia when exposed to a drop in body temperature. Cerebellar in vivo recordings in awake mice revealed irregular firing of Purkinje cells and their synaptic targets, the deep cerebellar nuclei neurons, which was further exacerbated and evolved into abnormal high-frequency burst firing during dystonia. The development of specific neurological features within the ATP1A3 mutation spectrum, such as dystonia, are thought to reflect the functional consequences of each mutation, thus to investigate the consequence of the D801Y mutations we characterized mutated D-to-Y Na+/K+-ATPases expressed in Xenopus oocytes. These in vitro studies showed that the D-to-Y mutation abolishes pump-mediated Na+/K+ exchange, but still allows the pumps to bind Na+ and become phosphorylated, trapping them in conformations that instead support proton influx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toke Jost Isaksen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease-PUMPKIN, Danish National Research Foundation, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Lieke Kros
- Dominick P Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Natascia Vedovato
- The Laboratory of Cardiac/Membrane Physiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Thomas Hellesøe Holm
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease-PUMPKIN, Danish National Research Foundation, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ariel Vitenzon
- Dominick P Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - David C. Gadsby
- The Laboratory of Cardiac/Membrane Physiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kamran Khodakhah
- Dominick P Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Karin Lykke-Hartmann
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease-PUMPKIN, Danish National Research Foundation, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies (AIAS), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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30
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Bai Q, Song D, Gu L, Verkhratsky A, Peng L. Bi-phasic regulation of glycogen content in astrocytes via Cav-1/PTEN/PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β pathway by fluoxetine. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:1069-1077. [PMID: 28233032 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4547-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Here, we present the data indicating that chronic treatment with fluoxetine regulates Cav-1/PTEN/PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β signalling pathway and glycogen content in primary cultures of astrocytes with bi-phasic concentration dependence. RESULTS At lower concentrations, fluoxetine downregulates gene expression of Cav-1, decreases membrane content of PTEN, increases activity of PI3K/AKT, and elevates GSK-3β phosphorylation thus suppressing its activity. At higher concentrations, fluoxetine acts in an inverse fashion. As expected, fluoxetine at lower concentrations increased while at higher concentrations decreased glycogen content in astrocytes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that bi-phasic regulation of glycogen content via Cav-1/PTEN/PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β pathway by fluoxetine may be responsible for both therapeutic and side effects of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiufang Bai
- Laboratory of Metabolic Brain Diseases, Institute of Metabolic Disease Research and Drug Development, China Medical University, No. 77, Puhe Road, Shenbei District, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Song
- Laboratory of Metabolic Brain Diseases, Institute of Metabolic Disease Research and Drug Development, China Medical University, No. 77, Puhe Road, Shenbei District, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Gu
- Laboratory of Metabolic Brain Diseases, Institute of Metabolic Disease Research and Drug Development, China Medical University, No. 77, Puhe Road, Shenbei District, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Life Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Achucarro Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Liang Peng
- Laboratory of Metabolic Brain Diseases, Institute of Metabolic Disease Research and Drug Development, China Medical University, No. 77, Puhe Road, Shenbei District, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Hertz L, Chen Y. Importance of astrocytes for potassium ion (K+) homeostasis in brain and glial effects of K+ and its transporters on learning. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 71:484-505. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Holm R, Toustrup-Jensen MS, Einholm AP, Schack VR, Andersen JP, Vilsen B. Neurological disease mutations of α3 Na +,K +-ATPase: Structural and functional perspectives and rescue of compromised function. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:1807-1828. [PMID: 27577505 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Na+,K+-ATPase creates transmembrane ion gradients crucial to the function of the central nervous system. The α-subunit of Na+,K+-ATPase exists as four isoforms (α1-α4). Several neurological phenotypes derive from α3 mutations. The effects of some of these mutations on Na+,K+-ATPase function have been studied in vitro. Here we discuss the α3 disease mutations as well as information derived from studies of corresponding mutations of α1 in the light of the high-resolution crystal structures of the Na+,K+-ATPase. A high proportion of the α3 disease mutations occur in the transmembrane sector and nearby regions essential to Na+ and K+ binding. In several cases the compromised function can be traced to disturbance of the Na+ specific binding site III. Recently, a secondary mutation was found to rescue the defective Na+ binding caused by a disease mutation. A perspective is that it may be possible to develop an efficient pharmaceutical mimicking the rescuing effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Holm
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | | | - Anja P Einholm
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Vivien R Schack
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Jens P Andersen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Bente Vilsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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33
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Boscia F, Begum G, Pignataro G, Sirabella R, Cuomo O, Casamassa A, Sun D, Annunziato L. Glial Na(+) -dependent ion transporters in pathophysiological conditions. Glia 2016; 64:1677-97. [PMID: 27458821 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sodium dynamics are essential for regulating functional processes in glial cells. Indeed, glial Na(+) signaling influences and regulates important glial activities, and plays a role in neuron-glia interaction under physiological conditions or in response to injury of the central nervous system (CNS). Emerging studies indicate that Na(+) pumps and Na(+) -dependent ion transporters in astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes regulate Na(+) homeostasis and play a fundamental role in modulating glial activities in neurological diseases. In this review, we first briefly introduced the emerging roles of each glial cell type in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and myelin diseases. Then, we discussed the current knowledge on the main roles played by the different glial Na(+) -dependent ion transporters, including Na(+) /K(+) ATPase, Na(+) /Ca(2+) exchangers, Na(+) /H(+) exchangers, Na(+) -K(+) -Cl(-) cotransporters, and Na(+) - HCO3- cotransporter in the pathophysiology of the diverse CNS diseases. We highlighted their contributions in cell survival, synaptic pathology, gliotransmission, pH homeostasis, and their role in glial activation, migration, gliosis, inflammation, and tissue repair processes. Therefore, this review summarizes the foundation work for targeting Na(+) -dependent ion transporters in glia as a novel strategy to control important glial activities associated with Na(+) dynamics in different neurological disorders. GLIA 2016;64:1677-1697.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Boscia
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive, and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Gulnaz Begum
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School
| | - Giuseppe Pignataro
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive, and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Rossana Sirabella
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive, and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Ornella Cuomo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive, and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Casamassa
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive, and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Dandan Sun
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School.,Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213
| | - Lucio Annunziato
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive, and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Wang W, Gu L, Verkhratsky A, Peng L. Ammonium Increases TRPC1 Expression Via Cav-1/PTEN/AKT/GSK3β Pathway. Neurochem Res 2016; 42:762-776. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2004-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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35
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Larsen BR, Holm R, Vilsen B, MacAulay N. Glutamate transporter activity promotes enhanced Na + /K + -ATPase-mediated extracellular K + management during neuronal activity. J Physiol 2016; 594:6627-6641. [PMID: 27231201 DOI: 10.1113/jp272531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Management of glutamate and K+ in brain extracellular space is of critical importance to neuronal function. The astrocytic α2β2 Na+ /K+ -ATPase isoform combination is activated by the K+ transients occurring during neuronal activity. In the present study, we report that glutamate transporter-mediated astrocytic Na+ transients stimulate the Na+ /K+ -ATPase and thus the clearance of extracellular K+ . Specifically, the astrocytic α2β1 Na+ /K+ -ATPase subunit combination displays an apparent Na+ affinity primed to react to physiological changes in intracellular Na+ . Accordingly, we demonstrate a distinct physiological role in K+ management for each of the two astrocytic Na+ /K+ -ATPase β-subunits. ABSTRACT Neuronal activity is associated with transient [K+ ]o increases. The excess K+ is cleared by surrounding astrocytes, partly by the Na+ /K+ -ATPase of which several subunit isoform combinations exist. The astrocytic Na+ /K+ -ATPase α2β2 isoform constellation responds directly to increased [K+ ]o but, in addition, Na+ /K+ -ATPase-mediated K+ clearance could be governed by astrocytic [Na+ ]i . During most neuronal activity, glutamate is released in the synaptic cleft and is re-absorbed by astrocytic Na+ -coupled glutamate transporters, thereby elevating [Na+ ]i . It thus remains unresolved whether the different Na+ /K+ -ATPase isoforms are controlled by [K+ ]o or [Na+ ]i during neuronal activity. Hippocampal slice recordings of stimulus-induced [K+ ]o transients with ion-sensitive microelectrodes revealed reduced Na+ /K+ -ATPase-mediated K+ management upon parallel inhibition of the glutamate transporter. The apparent intracellular Na+ affinity of isoform constellations involving the astrocytic β2 has remained elusive as a result of inherent expression of β1 in most cell systems, as well as technical challenges involved in measuring intracellular affinity in intact cells. We therefore expressed the different astrocytic isoform constellations in Xenopus oocytes and determined their apparent Na+ affinity in intact oocytes and isolated membranes. The Na+ /K+ -ATPase was not fully saturated at basal astrocytic [Na+ ]i , irrespective of isoform constellation, although the β1 subunit conferred lower apparent Na+ affinity to the α1 and α2 isoforms than the β2 isoform. In summary, enhanced astrocytic Na+ /K+ -ATPase-dependent K+ clearance was obtained with parallel glutamate transport activity. The astrocytic Na+ /K+ -ATPase isoform constellation α2β1 appeared to be specifically geared to respond to the [Na+ ]i transients associated with activity-induced glutamate transporter activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Roland Larsen
- Department Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Holm
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bente Vilsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nanna MacAulay
- Department Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Holm TH, Lykke-Hartmann K. Insights into the Pathology of the α3 Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase Ion Pump in Neurological Disorders; Lessons from Animal Models. Front Physiol 2016; 7:209. [PMID: 27378932 PMCID: PMC4906016 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The transmembrane Na(+)-/K(+) ATPase is located at the plasma membrane of all mammalian cells. The Na(+)-/K(+) ATPase utilizes energy from ATP hydrolysis to extrude three Na(+) cations and import two K(+) cations into the cell. The minimum constellation for an active Na(+)-/K(+) ATPase is one alpha (α) and one beta (β) subunit. Mammals express four α isoforms (α1-4), encoded by the ATP1A1-4 genes, respectively. The α1 isoform is ubiquitously expressed in the adult central nervous system (CNS) whereas α2 primarily is expressed in astrocytes and α3 in neurons. Na(+) and K(+) are the principal ions involved in action potential propagation during neuronal depolarization. The α1 and α3 Na(+)-/K(+) ATPases are therefore prime candidates for restoring neuronal membrane potential after depolarization and for maintaining neuronal excitability. The α3 isoform has approximately four-fold lower Na(+) affinity compared to α1 and is specifically required for rapid restoration of large transient increases in [Na(+)]i. Conditions associated with α3 deficiency are therefore likely aggravated by suprathreshold neuronal activity. The α3 isoform been suggested to support re-uptake of neurotransmitters. These processes are required for normal brain activity, and in fact autosomal dominant de novo mutations in ATP1A3 encoding the α3 isoform has been found to cause the three neurological diseases Rapid Onset Dystonia Parkinsonism (RDP), Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood (AHC), and Cerebellar ataxia, areflexia, pes cavus, optic atrophy, and sensorineural hearing loss (CAPOS). All three diseases cause acute onset of neurological symptoms, but the predominant neurological manifestations differ with particularly early onset of hemiplegic/dystonic episodes and mental decline in AHC, ataxic encephalopathy and impairment of vision and hearing in CAPOS syndrome and late onset of dystonia/parkinsonism in RDP. Several mouse models have been generated to study the in vivo consequences of Atp1a3 modulation. The different mice show varying degrees of hyperactivity, gait problems, and learning disability as well as stress-induced seizures. With the advent of several Atp1a3-gene or chemically modified animal models that closely phenocopy many aspects of the human disorders, we will be able to reach a much better understanding of the etiology of RDP, AHC, and CAPOS syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H. Holm
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus UniversityAarhus, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease-PUMPKIN, Danish National Research Foundation, Aarhus UniversityAarhus, Denmark
| | - Karin Lykke-Hartmann
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus UniversityAarhus, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease-PUMPKIN, Danish National Research Foundation, Aarhus UniversityAarhus, Denmark
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus UniversityAarhus, Denmark
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37
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Kinoshita PF, Leite JA, Orellana AMM, Vasconcelos AR, Quintas LEM, Kawamoto EM, Scavone C. The Influence of Na(+), K(+)-ATPase on Glutamate Signaling in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Senescence. Front Physiol 2016; 7:195. [PMID: 27313535 PMCID: PMC4890531 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Decreased Na(+), K(+)-ATPase (NKA) activity causes energy deficiency, which is commonly observed in neurodegenerative diseases. The NKA is constituted of three subunits: α, β, and γ, with four distinct isoforms of the catalytic α subunit (α1-4). Genetic mutations in the ATP1A2 gene and ATP1A3 gene, encoding the α2 and α3 subunit isoforms, respectively can cause distinct neurological disorders, concurrent to impaired NKA activity. Within the central nervous system (CNS), the α2 isoform is expressed mostly in glial cells and the α3 isoform is neuron-specific. Mutations in ATP1A2 gene can result in familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM2), while mutations in the ATP1A3 gene can cause Rapid-onset dystonia-Parkinsonism (RDP) and alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC), as well as the cerebellar ataxia, areflexia, pescavus, optic atrophy and sensorineural hearing loss (CAPOS) syndrome. Data indicates that the central glutamatergic system is affected by mutations in the α2 isoform, however further investigations are required to establish a connection to mutations in the α3 isoform, especially given the diagnostic confusion and overlap with glutamate transporter disease. The age-related decline in brain α2∕3 activity may arise from changes in the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) pathway. Glutamate, through nitric oxide synthase (NOS), cGMP and PKG, stimulates brain α2∕3 activity, with the glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor cascade able to drive an adaptive, neuroprotective response to inflammatory and challenging stimuli, including amyloid-β. Here we review the NKA, both as an ion pump as well as a receptor that interacts with NMDA, including the role of NKA subunits mutations. Failure of the NKA-associated adaptive response mechanisms may render neurons more susceptible to degeneration over the course of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula F. Kinoshita
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline A. Leite
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria M. Orellana
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea R. Vasconcelos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis E. M. Quintas
- Laboratory of Biochemical and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elisa M. Kawamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristoforo Scavone
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
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38
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Larsen BR, Stoica A, MacAulay N. Managing Brain Extracellular K(+) during Neuronal Activity: The Physiological Role of the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase Subunit Isoforms. Front Physiol 2016; 7:141. [PMID: 27148079 PMCID: PMC4841311 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During neuronal activity in the brain, extracellular K+ rises and is subsequently removed to prevent a widespread depolarization. One of the key players in regulating extracellular K+ is the Na+/K+-ATPase, although the relative involvement and physiological impact of the different subunit isoform compositions of the Na+/K+-ATPase remain unresolved. The various cell types in the brain serve a certain temporal contribution in the face of network activity; astrocytes respond directly to the immediate release of K+ from neurons, whereas the neurons themselves become the primary K+ absorbers as activity ends. The kinetic characteristics of the catalytic α subunit isoforms of the Na+/K+-ATPase are, partly, determined by the accessory β subunit with which they combine. The isoform combinations expressed by astrocytes and neurons, respectively, appear to be in line with the kinetic characteristics required to fulfill their distinct physiological roles in clearance of K+ from the extracellular space in the face of neuronal activity. Understanding the nature, impact and effects of the various Na+/K+-ATPase isoform combinations in K+ management in the central nervous system might reveal insights into pathological conditions such as epilepsy, migraine, and spreading depolarization following cerebral ischemia. In addition, particular neurological diseases occur as a result of mutations in the α2- (familial hemiplegic migraine type 2) and α3 isoforms (rapid-onset dystonia parkinsonism/alternating hemiplegia of childhood). This review addresses aspects of the Na+/K+-ATPase in the regulation of extracellular K+ in the central nervous system as well as the related pathophysiology. Understanding the physiological setting in non-pathological tissue would provide a better understanding of the pathological events occurring during disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Roland Larsen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anca Stoica
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nanna MacAulay
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark
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Abstract
The vital gradients of Na+ and K+ across the plasma membrane of animal cells are maintained by the Na,K-ATPase, an αβ enzyme complex, whose α subunit carries out the ion transport and ATP hydrolysis. The specific roles of the β subunit isoforms are less clear, though β2 is essential for motor physiology in mammals. Here, we show that compared to β1 and β3, β2 stabilizes the Na+-occluded E1P state relative to the outward-open E2P state, and that the effect is mediated by its transmembrane domain. Molecular dynamics simulations further demonstrate that the tilt angle of the β transmembrane helix correlates with its functional effect, suggesting that the relative orientation of β modulates ion binding at the α subunit. β2 is primarily expressed in granule neurons and glomeruli in the cerebellum, and we propose that its unique functional characteristics are important to respond appropriately to the cerebellar Na+ and K+ gradients.
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Baker Bechmann M, Rotoli D, Morales M, Maeso MDC, García MDP, Ávila J, Mobasheri A, Martín-Vasallo P. Na,K-ATPase Isozymes in Colorectal Cancer and Liver Metastases. Front Physiol 2016; 7:9. [PMID: 26858653 PMCID: PMC4731494 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to define Na,K-ATPase α and β subunit isoform expression and isozyme composition in colorectal cancer cells and liver metastases. The α1, α3, and β1 isoforms were the most highly expressed in tumor cells and metastases; in the plasma membrane of non-neoplastic cells and mainly in a cytoplasmic location in tumor cells. α1β1 and α3β1 isozymes found in tumor and metastatic cells exhibit the highest and lowest Na+ affinity respectively and the highest K+ affinity. Mesenchymal cell isozymes possess an intermediate Na+ affinity and a low K+ affinity. In cancer, these ions are likely to favor optimal conditions for the function of nuclear enzymes involved in mitosis, especially a high intra-nuclear K+ concentration. A major and striking finding of this study was that in liver, metastasized CRC cells express the α3β1 isozyme. Thus, the α3β1 isozyme could potentially serve as a novel exploratory biomarker of CRC metastatic cells in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Baker Bechmann
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo, UD de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Deborah Rotoli
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo, UD de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias, Universidad de La LagunaSanta Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology, National Research CouncilNaples, Italy
| | - Manuel Morales
- Service of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Nuestra Señora de CandelariaSanta Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; Medical Oncology, Hospiten HospitalsSanta Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - María Del Carmen Maeso
- Service of Pathology, University Hospital Nuestra Señora de Candelaria Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - Julio Ávila
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo, UD de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of SurreyGuildford, UK; Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King AbdulAziz UniversityJeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pablo Martín-Vasallo
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo, UD de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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Orellana AM, Kinoshita PF, Leite JA, Kawamoto EM, Scavone C. Cardiotonic Steroids as Modulators of Neuroinflammation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:10. [PMID: 26909067 PMCID: PMC4754428 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiotonic steroids (CTS) are a class of specific ligands of the Na(+), K(+)- ATPase (NKA). NKA is a P-type ATPase that is ubiquitously expressed and although well known to be responsible for the maintenance of the cell electrochemical gradient through active transport, NKA can also act as a signal transducer in the presence of CTS. Inflammation, in addition to importantly driving organism defense and survival mechanisms, can also modulate NKA activity and memory formation, as well as being relevant to many chronic illnesses, neurodegenerative diseases, and mood disorders. The aim of the current review is to highlight the recent advances as to the role of CTS and NKA in inflammatory process, with a particular focus in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Orellana
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Fernanda Kinoshita
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Alves Leite
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elisa Mitiko Kawamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristoforo Scavone
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Cristoforo Scavone,
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Lee SJ, Litan A, Li Z, Graves B, Lindsey S, Barwe SP, Langhans SA. Na,K-ATPase β1-subunit is a target of sonic hedgehog signaling and enhances medulloblastoma tumorigenicity. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:159. [PMID: 26286140 PMCID: PMC4544806 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0430-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway plays an important role in cerebellar development, and mutations leading to hyperactive Shh signaling have been associated with certain forms of medulloblastoma, a common form of pediatric brain cancer. While the fundamentals of this pathway are known, the molecular targets contributing to Shh-mediated proliferation and transformation are still poorly understood. Na,K-ATPase is a ubiquitous enzyme that maintains intracellular ion homeostasis and functions as a signaling scaffold and a cell adhesion molecule. Changes in Na,K-ATPase function and subunit expression have been reported in several cancers and loss of the β1-subunit has been associated with a poorly differentiated phenotype in carcinoma but its role in medulloblastoma progression is not known. Methods Human medulloblastoma cell lines and primary cultures of cerebellar granule cell precursors (CGP) were used to determine whether Shh regulates Na,K-ATPase expression. Smo/Smo medulloblastoma were used to assess the Na,K-ATPase levels in vivo. Na,K-ATPase β1-subunit was knocked down in DAOY cells to test its role in medulloblastoma cell proliferation and tumorigenicity. Results Na,K-ATPase β1-subunit levels increased with differentiation in normal CGP cells. Activation of Shh signaling resulted in reduced β1-subunit mRNA and protein levels and was mimicked by overexpression of Gli1and Bmi1, both members of the Shh signaling cascade; overexpression of Bmi1 reduced β1-subunit promoter activity. In human medulloblastoma cells, low β1-subunit levels were associated with increased cell proliferation and in vivo tumorigenesis. Conclusions Na,K-ATPase β1-subunit is a target of the Shh signaling pathway and loss of β1-subunit expression may contribute to tumor development and progression not only in carcinoma but also in medulloblastoma, a tumor of neuronal origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Joon Lee
- Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Rockland Center I, 1701 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
| | - Alisa Litan
- Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Rockland Center I, 1701 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
| | - Zhiqin Li
- Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Rockland Center I, 1701 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
| | - Bruce Graves
- Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Rockland Center I, 1701 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
| | - Stephan Lindsey
- Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Rockland Center I, 1701 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
| | - Sonali P Barwe
- Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Rockland Center I, 1701 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
| | - Sigrid A Langhans
- Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Rockland Center I, 1701 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA.
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Fremont R, Tewari A, Khodakhah K. Aberrant Purkinje cell activity is the cause of dystonia in a shRNA-based mouse model of Rapid Onset Dystonia-Parkinsonism. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 82:200-212. [PMID: 26093171 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in the α3 isoform of the sodium pump are responsible for Rapid Onset Dystonia-Parkinsonism (RDP). A pharmacologic model of RDP replicates the most salient features of RDP, and implicates both the cerebellum and basal ganglia in the disorder; dystonia is associated with aberrant cerebellar output, and the parkinsonism-like features are attributable to the basal ganglia. The pharmacologic agent used to generate the model, ouabain, is selective for sodium pumps. However, close to the infusion sites in vivo it likely affects all sodium pump isoforms. Therefore, it remains to be established whether selective loss of α3-containing sodium pumps replicates the pharmacologic model. Moreover, while the pharmacologic model suggested that aberrant firing of Purkinje cells was the main cause of abnormal cerebellar output, it did not allow the scrutiny of this hypothesis. To address these questions RNA interference using small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) delivered via adeno-associated viruses (AAV) was used to specifically knockdown α3-containing sodium pumps in different regions of the adult mouse brain. Knockdown of the α3-containing sodium pumps mimicked both the behavioral and electrophysiological changes seen in the pharmacologic model of RDP, recapitulating key aspects of the human disorder. Further, we found that knockdown of the α3 isoform altered the intrinsic pacemaking of Purkinje cells, but not the neurons of the deep cerebellar nuclei. Therefore, acute knockdown of proteins associated with inherited dystonias may be a good strategy for developing phenotypic genetic mouse models where traditional transgenic models have failed to produce symptomatic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Fremont
- Dominick P Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ambika Tewari
- Dominick P Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Kamran Khodakhah
- Dominick P Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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Forrest MD. Simulation of alcohol action upon a detailed Purkinje neuron model and a simpler surrogate model that runs >400 times faster. BMC Neurosci 2015; 16:27. [PMID: 25928094 PMCID: PMC4417229 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-015-0162-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An approach to investigate brain function/dysfunction is to simulate neuron circuits on a computer. A problem, however, is that detailed neuron descriptions are computationally expensive and this handicaps the pursuit of realistic network investigations, where many neurons need to be simulated. RESULTS We confront this issue; we employ a novel reduction algorithm to produce a 2 compartment model of the cerebellar Purkinje neuron from a previously published, 1089 compartment model. It runs more than 400 times faster and retains the electrical behavior of the full model. So, it is more suitable for inclusion in large network models, where computational power is a limiting issue. We show the utility of this reduced model by demonstrating that it can replicate the full model's response to alcohol, which can in turn reproduce experimental recordings from Purkinje neurons following alcohol application. CONCLUSIONS We show that alcohol may modulate Purkinje neuron firing by an inhibition of their sodium-potassium pumps. We suggest that this action, upon cerebellar Purkinje neurons, is how alcohol ingestion can corrupt motor co-ordination. In this way, we relate events on the molecular scale to the level of behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Forrest
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, West Midlands, UK.
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45
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Ching B, Woo JM, Hiong KC, Boo MV, Choo CYL, Wong WP, Chew SF, Ip YK. Na+/K+-ATPase α-subunit (nkaα) isoforms and their mRNA expression levels, overall Nkaα protein abundance, and kinetic properties of Nka in the skeletal muscle and three electric organs of the electric eel, Electrophorus electricus. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118352. [PMID: 25793901 PMCID: PMC4368207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to obtain the coding cDNA sequences of Na+/K+-ATPase α (nkaα) isoforms from, and to quantify their mRNA expression in, the skeletal muscle (SM), the main electric organ (EO), the Hunter’s EO and the Sach’s EO of the electric eel, Electrophorus electricus. Four nkaα isoforms (nkaα1c1, nkaα1c2, nkaα2 and nkaα3) were obtained from the SM and the EOs of E. electricus. Based on mRNA expression levels, the major nkaα expressed in the SM and the three EOs of juvenile and adult E. electricus were nkaα1c1 and nkaα2, respectively. Molecular characterization of the deduced Nkaα1c1 and Nkaα2 sequences indicates that they probably have different affinities to Na+ and K+. Western blotting demonstrated that the protein abundance of Nkaα was barely detectable in the SM, but strongly detected in the main and Hunter’s EOs and weakly in the Sach’s EO of juvenile and adult E. electricus. These results corroborate the fact that the main EO and Hunter’s EO have high densities of Na+ channels and produce high voltage discharges while the Sach’s EO produces low voltage discharges. More importantly, there were significant differences in kinetic properties of Nka among the three EOs of juvenile E. electricus. The highest and lowest Vmax of Nka were detected in the main EO and the Sach’s EO, respectively, with the Hunter’s EO having a Vmax value intermediate between the two, indicating that the metabolic costs of EO discharge could be the highest in the main EO. Furthermore, the Nka from the main EO had the lowest Km (or highest affinity) for Na+ and K+ among the three EOs, suggesting that the Nka of the main EO was more effective than those of the other two EOs in maintaining intracellular Na+ and K+ homeostasis and in clearing extracellular K+ after EO discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyun Ching
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore, 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jia M. Woo
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore, 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Kum C. Hiong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore, 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Mel V. Boo
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore, 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Celine Y. L. Choo
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore, 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wai P. Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore, 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Shit F. Chew
- Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore, 637616, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yuen K. Ip
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore, 117543, Republic of Singapore
- The Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore, 119227, Republic of Singapore
- * E-mail:
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46
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P2C-Type ATPases and Their Regulation. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:1343-1354. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-9076-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Oblak AL, Hagen MC, Sweadner KJ, Haq I, Whitlow CT, Maldjian JA, Epperson F, Cook JF, Stacy M, Murrell JR, Ozelius LJ, Brashear A, Ghetti B. Rapid-onset dystonia-parkinsonism associated with the I758S mutation of the ATP1A3 gene: a neuropathologic and neuroanatomical study of four siblings. Acta Neuropathol 2014; 128:81-98. [PMID: 24803225 PMCID: PMC4059967 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-014-1279-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Rapid-onset dystonia-parkinsonism (RDP) is a movement disorder associated with mutations in the ATP1A3 gene. Signs and symptoms of RDP commonly occur in adolescence or early adulthood and can be triggered by physical or psychological stress. Mutations in ATP1A3 are also associated with alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC). The neuropathologic substrate of these conditions is unknown. The central nervous system of four siblings, three affected by RDP and one asymptomatic, all carrying the I758S mutation in the ATP1A3 gene, was analyzed. This neuropathologic study is the first carried out in ATP1A3 mutation carriers, whether affected by RDP or AHC. Symptoms began in the third decade of life for two subjects and in the fifth for another. The present investigation aimed at identifying, in mutation carriers, anatomical areas potentially affected and contributing to RDP pathogenesis. Comorbid conditions, including cerebrovascular disease and Alzheimer disease, were evident in all subjects. We evaluated areas that may be relevant to RDP separately from those affected by the comorbid conditions. Anatomical areas identified as potential targets of I758S mutation were globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, red nucleus, inferior olivary nucleus, cerebellar Purkinje and granule cell layers, and dentate nucleus. Involvement of subcortical white matter tracts was also evident. Furthermore, in the spinal cord, a loss of dorsal column fibers was noted. This study has identified RDP-associated pathology in neuronal populations, which are part of complex motor and sensory loops. Their involvement would cause an interruption of cerebral and cerebellar connections which are essential for maintenance of motor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian L. Oblak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Matthew C. Hagen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Kathleen J. Sweadner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Ihtsham Haq
- Department of Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Christopher T. Whitlow
- Department of Radiology (Neuroradiology), Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Joseph A. Maldjian
- Department of Radiology (Neuroradiology), Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Francine Epperson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Jared F. Cook
- Department of Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Mark Stacy
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke Health, Durham, NC USA
| | - Jill R. Murrell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Laurie J. Ozelius
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Allison Brashear
- Department of Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Bernardino Ghetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
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Changes in the Distribution of the α 3 Na(+)/K(+) ATPase Subunit in Heterozygous Lurcher Purkinje Cells as a Genetic Model of Chronic Depolarization during Development. Int J Cell Biol 2014; 2014:152645. [PMID: 24719618 PMCID: PMC3955620 DOI: 10.1155/2014/152645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A common assumption of excitotoxic mechanisms in the nervous system is that the ionic imbalance resulting from overstimulation of glutamate receptors and increased Na+ and Ca++ influx overwhelms cellular energy metabolic systems leading to cell death. The goal of this study was to examine how a chronic Na+ channel leak current in developing Purkinje cells in the heterozygous Lurcher mutant (+/Lc) affects the expression and distribution of the α3 subunit of the Na+/K+ ATPase pump, a key component of the homeostasis system that maintains ionic equilibrium in neurons. The expression pattern of the catalytic α3 Na+/K+ ATPase subunit was analyzed by immunohistochemistry, histochemistry, and Western Blots in wild type (WT) and +/Lc cerebella at postnatal days P10, P15, and P25 to determine if there are changes in the distribution of active Na+/K+ ATPase subunits in degenerating Purkinje cells. The results suggest that the expression of the catalytic α3 subunit is altered in chronically depolarized +/Lc Purkinje cells, although the density of active Na+/K+ ATPase pumps is not significantly altered compared with WT in the cerebellar cortex at P15, and then declines from P15 to P25 in the +/Lc cerebellum as the +/Lc Purkinje cells degenerate.
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Brain Na+/K+-ATPase α-subunit isoforms and aestivation in the African lungfish, Protopterus annectens. J Comp Physiol B 2014; 184:571-87. [PMID: 24696295 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-014-0809-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to clone and sequence Na (+) / K (+)-ATPase (nka) α-subunit isoforms from, and to determine their mRNA expression levels and protein abundance in the brain of the African lungfish, Protopterus annectens during the induction, maintenance and arousal phases of aestivation in air. We obtained the full cDNA sequences of nkaα1, nkaα2 and nkaα3 from the brain of P. annectens. Phylogenetic analysis of their deduced amino acid sequences revealed that they are closer to the corresponding NKA α-subunits of tetrapods than to those of fishes. The mRNA expression of these three nkaα isoforms showed differential changes in the brain of P. annectens during the three phases of aestivation. After 12 days of aestivation, there was a significant increase in the protein abundance of Nkaα1 in the brain of P. annectens. This could be an important response to maintain cellular Na(+) and K(+) concentrations and regulate cell volume during the early maintenance phase of aestivation. On the other hand, the mRNA expression of nkaα2 decreased significantly in the brain of P. annectens after 6 months of aestivation, which could be a result of a suppression of transcriptional activities to reduce energy expenditure. The down-regulation of mRNA expression of nkaα1, nkaα2 and nkaα3 and the overall protein abundance of Nka α-subunit isoforms in the brain of P. annectens after 1 day of arousal from 6 months of aestivation were novel observations, and it could be an adaptive response to restore blood pressure and/or to prevent brain oedema.
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50
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Chen XL, Wee NLJE, Hiong KC, Ong JLY, Chng YR, Ching B, Wong WP, Chew SF, Ip YK. Properties and expression of Na+/K+-ATPase α-subunit isoforms in the brain of the swamp eel, Monopterus albus, which has unusually high brain ammonia tolerance. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84298. [PMID: 24391932 PMCID: PMC3877266 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The swamp eel, Monopterus albus, can survive in high concentrations of ammonia (>75 mmol l(-1)) and accumulate ammonia to high concentrations in its brain (4.5 µmol g(-1)). Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (Nka) is an essential transporter in brain cells, and since NH4(+) can substitute for K(+) to activate Nka, we hypothesized that the brain of M. albus expressed multiple forms of Nka α-subunits, some of which might have high K(+) specificity. Thus, this study aimed to clone and sequence the nka α-subunits from the brain of M. albus, and to determine the effects of ammonia exposure on their mRNA expression and overall protein abundance. The effectiveness of NH4(+) to activate brain Nka from M. albus and Mus musculus was also examined by comparing their Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase and Na(+)/NH4(+)-ATPase activities over a range of K(+)/NH4(+) concentrations. The full length cDNA coding sequences of three nkaα (nkaα1, nkaα3a and nkaα3b) were identified in the brain of M. albus, but nkaα2 expression was undetectable. Exposure to 50 mmol l(-1) NH4Cl for 1 day or 6 days resulted in significant decreases in the mRNA expression of nkaα1, nkaα3a and nkaα3b. The overall Nka protein abundance also decreased significantly after 6 days of ammonia exposure. For M. albus, brain Na(+)/NH4(+)-ATPase activities were significantly lower than the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activities assayed at various NH4(+)/K(+) concentrations. Furthermore, the effectiveness of NH4(+) to activate Nka from the brain of M. albus was significantly lower than that from the brain of M. musculus, which is ammonia-sensitive. Hence, the (1) lack of nkaα2 expression, (2) high K(+) specificity of K(+) binding sites of Nkaα1, Nkaα3a and Nkaα3b, and (3) down-regulation of mRNA expression of all three nkaα isoforms and the overall Nka protein abundance in response to ammonia exposure might be some of the contributing factors to the high brain ammonia tolerance in M. albus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu L. Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Nicklaus L. J. E. Wee
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Kum C. Hiong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jasmine L. Y. Ong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - You R. Chng
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Biyun Ching
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wai P. Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Shit F. Chew
- Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yuen K. Ip
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
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