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Nguyen BL, Baumfalk DR, Lapierre-Nguyen SS, Zhong R, Doerr V, Montalvo RN, Wei-LaPierre L, Smuder AJ. Effects of exercise and doxorubicin on acute diaphragm neuromuscular transmission failure. Exp Neurol 2024; 378:114818. [PMID: 38782352 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a highly effective anthracycline antibiotic used to treat a wide variety of cancers including breast cancer, leukemia and lymphoma. Unfortunately, clinical use of DOX is limited due to adverse off-target effects resulting in fatigue, respiratory muscle weakness and dyspnea. The diaphragm is the primary muscle of inspiration and respiratory insufficiency is likely the result of both muscle weakness and neural impairment. However, the contribution of neuropathology to DOX-induced respiratory muscle dysfunction is unclear. We hypothesized that diaphragm weakness following acute DOX exposure is associated with neurotoxicity and that exercise preconditioning is sufficient to improve diaphragm muscle contractility by maintaining neuromuscular integrity. Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into four experimental groups: 1) sedentary-saline, 2) sedentary-DOX, 3) exercise-saline or 4) exercise-DOX. Endurance exercise preconditioning consisted of treadmill running for 1 h/day at 30 m/min for 10 days. Twenty-four hours after the last bout of exercise, animals were treated with DOX (20 mg/kg, I.P.) or saline (equal volume). Our results demonstrate that 48-h following DOX administration diaphragm muscle specific force is reduced in sedentary-DOX rats in response to both phrenic nerve and direct diaphragm stimulation. Importantly, endurance exercise preconditioning in DOX-treated rats attenuated the decrease in diaphragm contractile function, reduced neuromuscular transmission failure and altered phrenic nerve morphology. These changes were associated with an exercise-induced reduction in circulating biomarkers of inflammation, nerve injury and reformation. Therefore, the results are consistent with exercise preconditioning as an effective way of reducing respiratory impairment via preservation of phrenic-diaphragm neuromuscular conduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branden L Nguyen
- Department Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, 1864 Stadium Rd., Gainesville, FL 32611, United States of America.
| | - Dryden R Baumfalk
- Department Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, 1864 Stadium Rd., Gainesville, FL 32611, United States of America
| | - Stephanie S Lapierre-Nguyen
- Department Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, 1864 Stadium Rd., Gainesville, FL 32611, United States of America
| | - Renjia Zhong
- Department Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, 1864 Stadium Rd., Gainesville, FL 32611, United States of America
| | - Vivian Doerr
- Department Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, 1864 Stadium Rd., Gainesville, FL 32611, United States of America
| | - Ryan N Montalvo
- Department Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, 1864 Stadium Rd., Gainesville, FL 32611, United States of America
| | - Lan Wei-LaPierre
- Department Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, 1864 Stadium Rd., Gainesville, FL 32611, United States of America
| | - Ashley J Smuder
- Department Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, 1864 Stadium Rd., Gainesville, FL 32611, United States of America
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2
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Hastings RL, Valdez G. Origin, identity, and function of terminal Schwann cells. Trends Neurosci 2024; 47:432-446. [PMID: 38664109 PMCID: PMC11168889 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The highly specialized nonmyelinating glial cells present at somatic peripheral nerve endings, known collectively as terminal Schwann cells (TSCs), play critical roles in the development, function and repair of their motor and sensory axon terminals and innervating tissue. Over the past decades, research efforts across various vertebrate species have revealed that while TSCs are a diverse group of cells, they share a number of features among them. In this review, we summarize the state-of-knowledge about each TSC type and explore the opportunities that TSCs provide to treat conditions that afflict peripheral axon terminals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Louis Hastings
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Gregorio Valdez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Center for Translational Neuroscience, Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science, and Center on the Biology of Aging, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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3
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Pandya VA, Patani R. The role of glial cells in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 176:381-450. [PMID: 38802179 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2024.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has traditionally been considered a neuron-centric disease. This view is now outdated, with increasing recognition of cell autonomous and non-cell autonomous contributions of central and peripheral nervous system glia to ALS pathomechanisms. With glial research rapidly accelerating, we comprehensively interrogate the roles of astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells, Schwann cells and satellite glia in nervous system physiology and ALS-associated pathology. Moreover, we highlight the inter-glial, glial-neuronal and inter-system polylogue which constitutes the healthy nervous system and destabilises in disease. We also propose classification based on function for complex glial reactive phenotypes and discuss the pre-requisite for integrative modelling to advance translation. Given the paucity of life-enhancing therapies currently available for ALS patients, we discuss the promising potential of harnessing glia in driving ALS therapeutic discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virenkumar A Pandya
- University College London Medical School, London, United Kingdom; The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Rickie Patani
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom.
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4
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Herbst R, Huijbers MG, Oury J, Burden SJ. Building, Breaking, and Repairing Neuromuscular Synapses. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2024; 16:a041490. [PMID: 38697654 PMCID: PMC11065174 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
A coordinated and complex interplay of signals between motor neurons, skeletal muscle cells, and Schwann cells controls the formation and maintenance of neuromuscular synapses. Deficits in the signaling pathway for building synapses, caused by mutations in critical genes or autoantibodies against key proteins, are responsible for several neuromuscular diseases, which cause muscle weakness and fatigue. Here, we describe the role that four key genes, Agrin, Lrp4, MuSK, and Dok7, play in this signaling pathway, how an understanding of their mechanisms of action has led to an understanding of several neuromuscular diseases, and how this knowledge has contributed to emerging therapies for treating neuromuscular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Herbst
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maartje G Huijbers
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre LUMC, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre LUMC, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Julien Oury
- Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Steven J Burden
- Neurology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
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5
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Shefner JM, Musaro A, Ngo ST, Lunetta C, Steyn FJ, Robitaille R, De Carvalho M, Rutkove S, Ludolph AC, Dupuis L. Skeletal muscle in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain 2023; 146:4425-4436. [PMID: 37327376 PMCID: PMC10629757 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the major adult-onset motor neuron disease, has been viewed almost exclusively as a disease of upper and lower motor neurons, with muscle changes interpreted as a consequence of the progressive loss of motor neurons and neuromuscular junctions. This has led to the prevailing view that the involvement of muscle in ALS is only secondary to motor neuron loss. Skeletal muscle and motor neurons reciprocally influence their respective development and constitute a single functional unit. In ALS, multiple studies indicate that skeletal muscle dysfunction might contribute to progressive muscle weakness, as well as to the final demise of neuromuscular junctions and motor neurons. Furthermore, skeletal muscle has been shown to participate in disease pathogenesis of several monogenic diseases closely related to ALS. Here, we move the narrative towards a better appreciation of muscle as a contributor of disease in ALS. We review the various potential roles of skeletal muscle cells in ALS, from passive bystanders to active players in ALS pathophysiology. We also compare ALS to other motor neuron diseases and draw perspectives for future research and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M Shefner
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- College of Medicine, Creighton University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Antonio Musaro
- DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Scuola Superiore di Studi Avanzati Sapienza (SSAS), Rome, Italy
| | - Shyuan T Ngo
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Christian Lunetta
- Neurorehabilitation Department, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Frederik J Steyn
- Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Richard Robitaille
- Département de neurosciences, CIRCA, Université de Montréal, Montréal H7G 1T7, Canada
| | - Mamede De Carvalho
- Instituto de Fisiologia, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Seward Rutkove
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Albert C Ludolph
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Ulm, Germany
| | - Luc Dupuis
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, UMR-S1118, Mécanismes centraux et périphériques de la neurodégénérescence, CRBS, Strasbourg, France
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Theme 04 - In Vivo Experimetal Models. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2023; 24:128-139. [PMID: 37966319 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2023.2260194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
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7
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Duranti E, Villa C. Muscle Involvement in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Understanding the Pathogenesis and Advancing Therapeutics. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1582. [PMID: 38002264 PMCID: PMC10669302 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal condition characterized by the selective loss of motor neurons in the motor cortex, brainstem, and spinal cord. Muscle involvement, muscle atrophy, and subsequent paralysis are among the main features of this disease, which is defined as a neuromuscular disorder. ALS is a persistently progressive disease, and as motor neurons continue to degenerate, individuals with ALS experience a gradual decline in their ability to perform daily activities. Ultimately, muscle function loss may result in paralysis, presenting significant challenges in mobility, communication, and self-care. While the majority of ALS research has traditionally focused on pathogenic pathways in the central nervous system, there has been a great interest in muscle research. These studies were carried out on patients and animal models in order to better understand the molecular mechanisms involved and to develop therapies aimed at improving muscle function. This review summarizes the features of ALS and discusses the role of muscle, as well as examines recent studies in the development of treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Villa
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy;
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8
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Mukhamedyarov MA, Khabibrakhmanov AN, Khuzakhmetova VF, Giniatullin AR, Zakirjanova GF, Zhilyakov NV, Mukhutdinova KA, Samigullin DV, Grigoryev PN, Zakharov AV, Zefirov AL, Petrov AM. Early Alterations in Structural and Functional Properties in the Neuromuscular Junctions of Mutant FUS Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9022. [PMID: 37240370 PMCID: PMC10218837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is manifested as skeletal muscle denervation, loss of motor neurons and finally severe respiratory failure. Mutations of RNA-binding protein FUS are one of the common genetic reasons of ALS accompanied by a 'dying back' type of degeneration. Using fluorescent approaches and microelectrode recordings, the early structural and functional alterations in diaphragm neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) were studied in mutant FUS mice at the pre-onset stage. Lipid peroxidation and decreased staining with a lipid raft marker were found in the mutant mice. Despite the preservation of the end-plate structure, immunolabeling revealed an increase in levels of presynaptic proteins, SNAP-25 and synapsin 1. The latter can restrain Ca2+-dependent synaptic vesicle mobilization. Indeed, neurotransmitter release upon intense nerve stimulation and its recovery after tetanus and compensatory synaptic vesicle endocytosis were markedly depressed in FUS mice. There was a trend to attenuation of axonal [Ca2+]in increase upon nerve stimulation at 20 Hz. However, no changes in neurotransmitter release and the intraterminal Ca2+ transient in response to low frequency stimulation or in quantal content and the synchrony of neurotransmitter release at low levels of external Ca2+ were detected. At a later stage, shrinking and fragmentation of end plates together with a decrease in presynaptic protein expression and disturbance of the neurotransmitter release timing occurred. Overall, suppression of synaptic vesicle exo-endocytosis upon intense activity probably due to alterations in membrane properties, synapsin 1 levels and Ca2+ kinetics could be an early sign of nascent NMJ pathology, which leads to neuromuscular contact disorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marat A. Mukhamedyarov
- Department of Normal Physiology, Kazan State Medial University, 49 Butlerova St., Kazan 420012, Russia; (M.A.M.)
| | - Aydar N. Khabibrakhmanov
- Department of Normal Physiology, Kazan State Medial University, 49 Butlerova St., Kazan 420012, Russia; (M.A.M.)
| | - Venera F. Khuzakhmetova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center ‘‘Kazan Scientific Center of RAS”, 2/31 Lobachevsky St., P.O. Box 30, Kazan 420111, Russia (N.V.Z.)
| | - Arthur R. Giniatullin
- Department of Normal Physiology, Kazan State Medial University, 49 Butlerova St., Kazan 420012, Russia; (M.A.M.)
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center ‘‘Kazan Scientific Center of RAS”, 2/31 Lobachevsky St., P.O. Box 30, Kazan 420111, Russia (N.V.Z.)
| | - Guzalia F. Zakirjanova
- Department of Normal Physiology, Kazan State Medial University, 49 Butlerova St., Kazan 420012, Russia; (M.A.M.)
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center ‘‘Kazan Scientific Center of RAS”, 2/31 Lobachevsky St., P.O. Box 30, Kazan 420111, Russia (N.V.Z.)
| | - Nikita V. Zhilyakov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center ‘‘Kazan Scientific Center of RAS”, 2/31 Lobachevsky St., P.O. Box 30, Kazan 420111, Russia (N.V.Z.)
| | - Kamilla A. Mukhutdinova
- Department of Normal Physiology, Kazan State Medial University, 49 Butlerova St., Kazan 420012, Russia; (M.A.M.)
| | - Dmitry V. Samigullin
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center ‘‘Kazan Scientific Center of RAS”, 2/31 Lobachevsky St., P.O. Box 30, Kazan 420111, Russia (N.V.Z.)
- Department of Radiophotonics and Microwave Technologies, Kazan National Research Technical University, 10 K. Marx St., Kazan 420111, Russia
| | - Pavel N. Grigoryev
- Department of Normal Physiology, Kazan State Medial University, 49 Butlerova St., Kazan 420012, Russia; (M.A.M.)
| | - Andrey V. Zakharov
- Department of Normal Physiology, Kazan State Medial University, 49 Butlerova St., Kazan 420012, Russia; (M.A.M.)
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Andrey L. Zefirov
- Department of Normal Physiology, Kazan State Medial University, 49 Butlerova St., Kazan 420012, Russia; (M.A.M.)
| | - Alexey M. Petrov
- Department of Normal Physiology, Kazan State Medial University, 49 Butlerova St., Kazan 420012, Russia; (M.A.M.)
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center ‘‘Kazan Scientific Center of RAS”, 2/31 Lobachevsky St., P.O. Box 30, Kazan 420111, Russia (N.V.Z.)
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Leite APS, Pinto CG, Tibúrcio FC, Muller KS, Padovani CR, Barraviera B, Junior RSF, Leal CV, Matsumura CY, Matheus SMM. Acetylcholine receptors of the neuromuscular junctions present normal distribution after peripheral nerve injury and repair through nerve guidance associated with fibrin biopolymer. Injury 2023; 54:345-361. [PMID: 36446670 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2022.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries (PNI) lead to alterations in the Agrin-LRP4-MuSK pathway. This results in disaggregation of AChRs and change from epsilon (mature, innervated) to gamma (immature, denervated) subunit. Tubulization technique has been shown to be effective for PNI repair and it also allows the use of adjuvants, such as fibrin biopolymer (FB). This study evaluated the effect of the association of tubulization with FB after PNI on AChRs and associated proteins. Fifty-two adults male Wistar rats were used, distributed in 4 experimental groups: Sham Control (S), Denervated Control (D); Tubulization (TB) and Tubulization + Fibrin Biopolymer (TB+FB). Catwalk was performed every 15 days. Ninety days after surgery the right soleus muscles and ischiatic nerves were submitted to the following analyses: (a) morphological and morphometric analysis of AChRs by confocal microscopy; (b) morphological and morphometric analysis of the ischiatic nerve; (c) protein quantification of AChRs: alpha, gama, and epsilon, of Schwann cells, agrin, LRP4, MuSK, rapsyn, MMP3, MyoD, myogenin, MURF1 and atrogin-1. The main results were about the NMJs that in the TB+FB group presented morphological and morphometric approximation (compactness index; area of the AChRs and motor plate) to the S group. In addition, there were also an increase of S100 and AChRε protein expression and a decrease of MyoD. These positive association resulted in AChRs stabilization that potentiate the neuromuscular regeneration, which strengthens the use of TB for severe injuries repair and the beneficial effect of FB, along with tubulization technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Silveira Leite
- Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, SP, Brazil; Division of Anatomy, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - Carina Guidi Pinto
- Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, SP, Brazil; Division of Anatomy, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe Cantore Tibúrcio
- Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, SP, Brazil; Division of Anatomy, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Kevin Silva Muller
- Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, SP, Brazil; Division of Anatomy, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Padovani
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Biostatistics, Vegetal Biology, Parasitology and Zoology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Benedito Barraviera
- Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, SP, Brazil; Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (Cevap), São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Rui Seabra Ferreira Junior
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (Cevap), São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudenete Vieira Leal
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Cintia Yuri Matsumura
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Selma Maria Michelin Matheus
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Lépine S, Castellanos-Montiel MJ, Durcan TM. TDP-43 dysregulation and neuromuscular junction disruption in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Transl Neurodegener 2022; 11:56. [PMID: 36575535 PMCID: PMC9793560 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-022-00331-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a disease characterized by upper and lower motor neuron (MN) loss with a signature feature of cytoplasmic aggregates containing TDP-43, which are detected in nearly all patients. Mutations in the gene that encodes TDP-43 (TARBDP) are known to result in both familial and sporadic ALS. In ALS, disruption of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) constitutes a critical event in disease pathogenesis, leading to denervation atrophy, motor impairments and disability. Morphological defects and impaired synaptic transmission at NMJs have been reported in several TDP-43 animal models and in vitro, linking TDP-43 dysregulation to the loss of NMJ integrity in ALS. Through the lens of the dying-back and dying-forward hypotheses of ALS, this review discusses the roles of TDP-43 related to synaptic function, with a focus on the potential molecular mechanisms occurring within MNs, skeletal muscles and glial cells that may contribute to NMJ disruption in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lépine
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649The Neuro’s Early Drug Discovery Unit (EDDU), Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4 Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, 3605 De La Montagne, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1 Canada
| | - Maria José Castellanos-Montiel
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649The Neuro’s Early Drug Discovery Unit (EDDU), Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4 Canada
| | - Thomas Martin Durcan
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649The Neuro’s Early Drug Discovery Unit (EDDU), Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4 Canada
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11
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Rotshenker S. Galectin-3 (MAC-2) controls phagocytosis and macropinocytosis through intracellular and extracellular mechanisms. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:949079. [PMID: 36274989 PMCID: PMC9581057 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.949079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3; formally named MAC-2) is a β-galactoside-binding lectin. Various cell types produce Gal-3 under either normal conditions and/or pathological conditions. Gal-3 can be present in cells' nuclei and cytoplasm, secreted from producing cells, and associated with cells' plasma membranes. This review focuses on how Gal-3 controls phagocytosis and macropinocytosis. Intracellular and extracellular Gal-3 promotes the phagocytosis of phagocytic targets/cargo (e.g., tissue debris and apoptotic cells) in “professional phagocytes” (e.g., microglia and macrophages) and “non-professional phagocytes” (e.g., Schwann cells and astrocytes). Intracellularly, Gal-3 promotes phagocytosis by controlling the “eat me” signaling pathways that phagocytic receptors generate, directing the cytoskeleton to produce the mechanical forces that drive the structural changes on which phagocytosis depends, protrusion and then retraction of filopodia and lamellipodia as they, respectively, engulf and then internalize phagocytic targets. Extracellularly, Gal-3 promotes phagocytosis by functioning as an opsonin, linking phagocytic targets to phagocytic receptors, activating them to generate the “eat me” signaling pathways. Macropinocytosis is a non-selective endocytic mechanism that various cells use to internalize the bulk of extracellular fluid and included materials/cargo (e.g., dissolved nutrients, proteins, and pathogens). Extracellular and intracellular Gal-3 control macropinocytosis in some types of cancer. Phagocytosed and macropinocytosed targets/cargo that reach lysosomes for degradation may rupture lysosomal membranes. Damaged lysosomal membranes undergo either repair or removal by selective autophagy (i.e., lysophagy) that intracellular Gal-3 controls.
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12
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Galectin-3, a rising star in modulating microglia activation under conditions of neurodegeneration. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:628. [PMID: 35859075 PMCID: PMC9300700 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05058-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The advent of high-throughput single-cell transcriptomic analysis of microglia has revealed different phenotypes that are inherently associated with disease conditions. A common feature of some of these activated phenotypes is the upregulation of galectin-3. Representative examples of these phenotypes include disease-associated microglia (DAM) and white-associated microglia (WAM), whose role(s) in neuroprotection/neurotoxicity is a matter of high interest in the microglia community. In this review, we summarise the main findings that demonstrate the ability of galectin-3 to interact with key pattern recognition receptors, including, among others, TLR4 and TREM2 and the importance of galectin-3 in the regulation of microglia activation. Finally, we discuss increasing evidence supporting the involvement of this lectin in the main neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, and stroke.
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13
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Perez-Gonzalez AP, Provost F, Rousse I, Piovesana R, Benzina O, Darabid H, Lamoureux B, Wang YS, Arbour D, Robitaille R. Functional adaptation of glial cells at neuromuscular junctions in response to injury. Glia 2022; 70:1605-1629. [PMID: 35474470 PMCID: PMC9543218 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic elements from neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) undergo massive morphological and functional changes upon nerve injury. While morphological changes of NMJ‐associated glia in response to injury has been investigated, their functional properties remain elusive. Perisynaptic Schwann cells (PSCs), glial cells at the NMJ, are essential for NMJ maintenance and repair, and are involved in synaptic efficacy and plasticity. Importantly, these functions are regulated by PSCs ability to detect synaptic transmission through, notably, muscarinic (mAChRs) and purinergic receptors' activation. Using Ca2+ imaging and electrophysiological recordings of synaptic transmission at the mouse NMJ, we investigated PSC receptors activation following denervation and during reinnervation in adults and at denervated NMJs in an ALS mouse model (SOD1G37R). We observed reduced PSCs mAChR‐mediated Ca2+ responses at denervated and reinnervating NMJs. Importantly, PSC phenotypes during denervation and reinnervation were distinct than the one observed during NMJ maturation. At denervated NMJs, exogenous activation of mAChRs greatly diminished galectin‐3 expression, a glial marker of phagocytosis. PSCs Ca2+ responses at reinnervating NMJs did not correlate with the number of innervating axons or process extensions. Interestingly, we observed an extended period of reduced PSC mAChRs activation after the injury (up to 60 days), suggesting a glial memory of injury. PSCs associated with denervated NMJs in an ALS model (SOD1G37R mice) did not show any muscarinic adaptation, a phenotype incompatible with NMJ repair. Understanding functional mechanisms that underlie this glial response to injury may contribute to favor complete NMJ and motor recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna P Perez-Gonzalez
- Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Frédéric Provost
- Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Rousse
- Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Roberta Piovesana
- Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ouafa Benzina
- Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Houssam Darabid
- Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Benoit Lamoureux
- Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yu Shi Wang
- Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Danielle Arbour
- Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Richard Robitaille
- Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche sur le Cerveau et l'apprentissage, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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14
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Sinegubov A, Andreeva D, Burzak N, Vasyutina M, Murashova L, Dyachuk V. Heterogeneity and Potency of Peripheral Glial Cells in Embryonic Development and Adults. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:737949. [PMID: 35401107 PMCID: PMC8990813 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.737949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review describes the heterogeneity of peripheral glial cell populations, from the emergence of Schwann cells (SCs) in early development, to their involvement, and that of their derivatives in adult glial populations. We focus on the origin of the first glial precursors from neural crest cells (NCCs), and their ability to differentiate into several cell types during development. We also discuss the heterogeneity of embryonic glia in light of the latest data from genetic tracing and transcriptome analysis. Special attention has been paid to the biology of glial populations in adult animals, by highlighting common features of different glial cell types and molecular differences that modulate their functions. Finally, we consider the communication of glial cells with axons of neurons in normal and pathological conditions. In conclusion, the present review details how information available on glial cell types and their functions in normal and pathological conditions may be utilized in the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of patients with neurodiseases.
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15
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Louit A, Beaudet MJ, Gros-Louis F, Berthod F. Tissue-engineered in vitro modeling of the impact of Schwann cells in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:1938-1948. [PMID: 35289393 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease affecting upper and lower motor neurons (MN). To investigate whether Schwann cells could be involved in the disease pathogenesis, we developed a tissue-engineered 3D in vitro model that combined MNs cocultured with astrocytes and microglia seeded on top of a collagen sponge populated with epineurium fibroblasts to enable 3D axonal migration. C2C12 myoblasts were seeded underneath the sponge in presence or absence of Schwann cells. To reproduce an ALS cellular microenvironment, MNs, astrocytes and microglia were extracted from SOD1G93A mice recapitulating many aspects of the human disease. This 3D ALS in vitro model was compared with a 3D control made of cells isolated from SOD1WT mice. We showed that normal Schwann cells strongly enhanced MN axonal migration in the 3D control model but had no effect in the ALS model. However, ALS-derived Schwann cells isolated from SOD1G93A mice failed to significantly improve axonal migration in both models. These results suggest that a cell therapy using healthy Schwann cells may not be effective in promoting axonal regeneration in ALS. In addition, this 3D ALS model could be used to study the impact of other cell types on ALS by various combinations of normal and diseased cells. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Louit
- LOEX, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval
| | | | - François Gros-Louis
- LOEX, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - François Berthod
- LOEX, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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16
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Tarantino N, Canfora I, Camerino GM, Pierno S. Therapeutic Targets in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Focus on Ion Channels and Skeletal Muscle. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030415. [PMID: 35159225 PMCID: PMC8834084 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is a neurodegenerative disease caused by progressive loss of motor neurons, which severely compromises skeletal muscle function. Evidence shows that muscle may act as a molecular powerhouse, whose final signals generate in patients a progressive loss of voluntary muscle function and weakness leading to paralysis. This pathology is the result of a complex cascade of events that involves a crosstalk among motor neurons, glia, and muscles, and evolves through the action of converging toxic mechanisms. In fact, mitochondrial dysfunction, which leads to oxidative stress, is one of the mechanisms causing cell death. It is a common denominator for the two existing forms of the disease: sporadic and familial. Other factors include excitotoxicity, inflammation, and protein aggregation. Currently, there are limited cures. The only approved drug for therapy is riluzole, that modestly prolongs survival, with edaravone now waiting for new clinical trial aimed to clarify its efficacy. Thus, there is a need of effective treatments to reverse the damage in this devastating pathology. Many drugs have been already tested in clinical trials and are currently under investigation. This review summarizes the already tested drugs aimed at restoring muscle-nerve cross-talk and on new treatment options targeting this tissue.
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17
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Negro S, Pirazzini M, Rigoni M. Models and methods to study Schwann cells. J Anat 2022; 241:1235-1258. [PMID: 34988978 PMCID: PMC9558160 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Schwann cells (SCs) are fundamental components of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) of all vertebrates and play essential roles in development, maintenance, function, and regeneration of peripheral nerves. There are distinct populations of SCs including: (1) myelinating SCs that ensheath axons by a specialized plasma membrane, called myelin, which enhances the conduction of electric impulses; (2) non‐myelinating SCs, including Remak SCs, which wrap bundles of multiple axons of small caliber, and perysinaptic SCs (PSCs), associated with motor axon terminals at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). All types of SCs contribute to PNS regeneration through striking morphological and functional changes in response to nerve injury, are affected in peripheral neuropathies and show abnormalities and a diminished plasticity during aging. Therefore, methodological approaches to study and manipulate SCs in physiological and pathophysiological conditions are crucial to expand the present knowledge on SC biology and to devise new therapeutic strategies to counteract neurodegenerative conditions and age‐derived denervation. We present here an updated overview of traditional and emerging methodologies for the study of SCs for scientists approaching this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Negro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Pirazzini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,CIR-Myo, Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca di Miologia, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Michela Rigoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,CIR-Myo, Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca di Miologia, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
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18
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Hörner SJ, Couturier N, Bruch R, Koch P, Hafner M, Rudolf R. hiPSC-Derived Schwann Cells Influence Myogenic Differentiation in Neuromuscular Cocultures. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123292. [PMID: 34943800 PMCID: PMC8699767 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Motoneurons, skeletal muscle fibers, and Schwann cells form synapses, termed neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). These control voluntary body movement and are affected in numerous neuromuscular diseases. Therefore, a variety of NMJ in vitro models have been explored to enable mechanistic and pharmacological studies. So far, selective integration of Schwann cells in these models has been hampered, due to technical limitations. Here we present robust protocols for derivation of Schwann cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) and their coculture with hiPSC-derived motoneurons and C2C12 muscle cells. Upon differentiation with tuned BMP signaling, Schwann cells expressed marker proteins, S100b, Gap43, vimentin, and myelin protein zero. Furthermore, they displayed typical spindle-shaped morphologies with long processes, which often aligned with motoneuron axons. Inclusion of Schwann cells in coculture experiments with hiPSC-derived motoneurons and C2C12 myoblasts enhanced myotube growth and affected size and number of acetylcholine receptor plaques on myotubes. Altogether, these data argue for the availability of a consistent differentiation protocol for Schwann cells and their amenability for functional integration into neuromuscular in vitro models, fostering future studies of neuromuscular mechanisms and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Janice Hörner
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany; (S.J.H.); (N.C.); (R.B.); (M.H.)
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Couturier
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany; (S.J.H.); (N.C.); (R.B.); (M.H.)
| | - Roman Bruch
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany; (S.J.H.); (N.C.); (R.B.); (M.H.)
| | - Philipp Koch
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany;
- Hector Institute for Translational Brain Research (HITBR gGmbH), 68159 Mannheim, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mathias Hafner
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany; (S.J.H.); (N.C.); (R.B.); (M.H.)
- Institute of Medical Technology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences and Heidelberg University, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Rudolf
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany; (S.J.H.); (N.C.); (R.B.); (M.H.)
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Technology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences and Heidelberg University, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
- Correspondence:
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19
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Fralish Z, Lotz EM, Chavez T, Khodabukus A, Bursac N. Neuromuscular Development and Disease: Learning From in vitro and in vivo Models. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:764732. [PMID: 34778273 PMCID: PMC8579029 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.764732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a specialized cholinergic synaptic interface between a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber that translates presynaptic electrical impulses into motor function. NMJ formation and maintenance require tightly regulated signaling and cellular communication among motor neurons, myogenic cells, and Schwann cells. Neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) can result in loss of NMJ function and motor input leading to paralysis or even death. Although small animal models have been instrumental in advancing our understanding of the NMJ structure and function, the complexities of studying this multi-tissue system in vivo and poor clinical outcomes of candidate therapies developed in small animal models has driven the need for in vitro models of functional human NMJ to complement animal studies. In this review, we discuss prevailing models of NMDs and highlight the current progress and ongoing challenges in developing human iPSC-derived (hiPSC) 3D cell culture models of functional NMJs. We first review in vivo development of motor neurons, skeletal muscle, Schwann cells, and the NMJ alongside current methods for directing the differentiation of relevant cell types from hiPSCs. We further compare the efficacy of modeling NMDs in animals and human cell culture systems in the context of five NMDs: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy, and Pompe disease. Finally, we discuss further work necessary for hiPSC-derived NMJ models to function as effective personalized NMD platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Fralish
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Ethan M Lotz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Taylor Chavez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Alastair Khodabukus
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Nenad Bursac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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20
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Pikatza-Menoio O, Elicegui A, Bengoetxea X, Naldaiz-Gastesi N, López de Munain A, Gerenu G, Gil-Bea FJ, Alonso-Martín S. The Skeletal Muscle Emerges as a New Disease Target in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. J Pers Med 2021; 11:671. [PMID: 34357138 PMCID: PMC8307751 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11070671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder that leads to progressive degeneration of motor neurons (MNs) and severe muscle atrophy without effective treatment. Most research on ALS has been focused on the study of MNs and supporting cells of the central nervous system. Strikingly, the recent observations of pathological changes in muscle occurring before disease onset and independent from MN degeneration have bolstered the interest for the study of muscle tissue as a potential target for delivery of therapies for ALS. Skeletal muscle has just been described as a tissue with an important secretory function that is toxic to MNs in the context of ALS. Moreover, a fine-tuning balance between biosynthetic and atrophic pathways is necessary to induce myogenesis for muscle tissue repair. Compromising this response due to primary metabolic abnormalities in the muscle could trigger defective muscle regeneration and neuromuscular junction restoration, with deleterious consequences for MNs and thereby hastening the development of ALS. However, it remains puzzling how backward signaling from the muscle could impinge on MN death. This review provides a comprehensive analysis on the current state-of-the-art of the role of the skeletal muscle in ALS, highlighting its contribution to the neurodegeneration in ALS through backward-signaling processes as a newly uncovered mechanism for a peripheral etiopathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oihane Pikatza-Menoio
- Neuromuscular Diseases Group, Neurosciences Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain; (O.P.-M.); (A.E.); (X.B.); (N.N.-G.); (A.L.d.M.); (G.G.); (F.J.G.-B.)
- CIBERNED, Carlos III Institute, Spanish Ministry of Economy & Competitiveness, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amaia Elicegui
- Neuromuscular Diseases Group, Neurosciences Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain; (O.P.-M.); (A.E.); (X.B.); (N.N.-G.); (A.L.d.M.); (G.G.); (F.J.G.-B.)
- CIBERNED, Carlos III Institute, Spanish Ministry of Economy & Competitiveness, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Xabier Bengoetxea
- Neuromuscular Diseases Group, Neurosciences Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain; (O.P.-M.); (A.E.); (X.B.); (N.N.-G.); (A.L.d.M.); (G.G.); (F.J.G.-B.)
| | - Neia Naldaiz-Gastesi
- Neuromuscular Diseases Group, Neurosciences Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain; (O.P.-M.); (A.E.); (X.B.); (N.N.-G.); (A.L.d.M.); (G.G.); (F.J.G.-B.)
- CIBERNED, Carlos III Institute, Spanish Ministry of Economy & Competitiveness, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Adolfo López de Munain
- Neuromuscular Diseases Group, Neurosciences Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain; (O.P.-M.); (A.E.); (X.B.); (N.N.-G.); (A.L.d.M.); (G.G.); (F.J.G.-B.)
- CIBERNED, Carlos III Institute, Spanish Ministry of Economy & Competitiveness, 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Donostialdea Integrated Health Organization, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, 20014 Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursery, University of the Basque Country UPV-EHU, 20014 Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Gorka Gerenu
- Neuromuscular Diseases Group, Neurosciences Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain; (O.P.-M.); (A.E.); (X.B.); (N.N.-G.); (A.L.d.M.); (G.G.); (F.J.G.-B.)
- CIBERNED, Carlos III Institute, Spanish Ministry of Economy & Competitiveness, 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV-EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Gil-Bea
- Neuromuscular Diseases Group, Neurosciences Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain; (O.P.-M.); (A.E.); (X.B.); (N.N.-G.); (A.L.d.M.); (G.G.); (F.J.G.-B.)
- CIBERNED, Carlos III Institute, Spanish Ministry of Economy & Competitiveness, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Alonso-Martín
- Neuromuscular Diseases Group, Neurosciences Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain; (O.P.-M.); (A.E.); (X.B.); (N.N.-G.); (A.L.d.M.); (G.G.); (F.J.G.-B.)
- CIBERNED, Carlos III Institute, Spanish Ministry of Economy & Competitiveness, 28031 Madrid, Spain
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21
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Alhindi A, Boehm I, Chaytow H. Small junction, big problems: Neuromuscular junction pathology in mouse models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). J Anat 2021; 241:1089-1107. [PMID: 34101196 PMCID: PMC9558162 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a motor neuron disease with an extremely heterogeneous clinical and genetic phenotype. In our efforts to find therapies for ALS, the scientific community has developed a plethora of mouse models, each with their own benefits and drawbacks. The peripheral nervous system, specifically the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), is known to be affected in ALS patients and shows marked dysfunction across mouse models. Evidence of pathology at the NMJ includes denervated NMJs, changes in endplate size and loss of terminal Schwann cells. This review compares the temporal disease progression with severity of disease at the NMJ in mouse models with the most commonly mutated genes in ALS patients (SOD1, C9ORF72, TARDBP and FUS). Despite variability, early NMJ dysfunction seems to be a common factor in models with SOD1, TARDBP and FUS mutations, while C9ORF72 models do not appear to follow the same pattern of pathology. Further work into determining the timing of NMJ pathology, particularly in newer ALS mouse models, will confirm its pivotal role in ALS pathogenesis and therefore highlight the NMJ as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar Alhindi
- Edinburgh Medical School, Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ines Boehm
- Edinburgh Medical School, Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Helena Chaytow
- Edinburgh Medical School, Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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22
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Modelling and Refining Neuronal Circuits with Guidance Cues: Involvement of Semaphorins. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116111. [PMID: 34204060 PMCID: PMC8201269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The establishment of neuronal circuits requires neurons to develop and maintain appropriate connections with cellular partners in and out the central nervous system. These phenomena include elaboration of dendritic arborization and formation of synaptic contacts, initially made in excess. Subsequently, refinement occurs, and pruning takes places both at axonal and synaptic level, defining a homeostatic balance maintained throughout the lifespan. All these events require genetic regulations which happens cell-autonomously and are strongly influenced by environmental factors. This review aims to discuss the involvement of guidance cues from the Semaphorin family.
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