1
|
Nuernberg E, Bruch R, Hafner M, Rudolf R, Vitacolonna M. Quantitative Analysis of Whole-Mount Fluorescence-Stained Tumor Spheroids in Phenotypic Drug Screens. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2764:311-334. [PMID: 38393603 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3674-9_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional cell cultures, such as spheroids or organoids, serve as important models for drug screening purposes. Optical tissue clearing (OTC) enhances the visualization of fluorescence stainings and enables in toto microscopy of 3D cell culture models. Furthermore, subsequent automated image analysis tools convert qualitative confocal image sets into quantitative data. In this chapter, we describe a detailed protocol for preparation of HT29 cancer spheroids, 3D in toto immunostaining, glycerol-based OTC, whole-mount imaging, and semi-automated downstream image processing and segmentation for nuclear image analysis using open-source software.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elina Nuernberg
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Roman Bruch
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Mathias Hafner
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ruediger Rudolf
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mario Vitacolonna
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany.
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bruch R, Keller F, Böhland M, Vitacolonna M, Klinger L, Rudolf R, Reischl M. Synthesis of large scale 3D microscopic images of 3D cell cultures for training and benchmarking. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283828. [PMID: 37000778 PMCID: PMC10065262 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The analysis of 3D microscopic cell culture images plays a vital role in the development of new therapeutics. While 3D cell cultures offer a greater similarity to the human organism than adherent cell cultures, they introduce new challenges for automatic evaluation, like increased heterogeneity. Deep learning algorithms are able to outperform conventional analysis methods in such conditions but require a large amount of training data. Due to data size and complexity, the manual annotation of 3D images to generate large datasets is a nearly impossible task. We therefore propose a pipeline that combines conventional simulation methods with deep-learning-based optimization to generate large 3D synthetic images of 3D cell cultures where the labels are known by design. The hybrid procedure helps to keep the generated image structures consistent with the underlying labels. A new approach and an additional measure are introduced to model and evaluate the reduced brightness and quality in deeper image regions. Our analyses show that the deep learning optimization step consistently improves the quality of the generated images. We could also demonstrate that a deep learning segmentation model trained with our synthetic data outperforms a classical segmentation method on real image data. The presented synthesis method allows selecting a segmentation model most suitable for the user's data, providing an ideal basis for further data analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Bruch
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Florian Keller
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Moritz Böhland
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Mario Vitacolonna
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lukas Klinger
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Rudolf
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Markus Reischl
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gal-Yam A, Bruch R, Schulze S, Yang Y, Perley DA, Irani I, Sollerman J, Kool EC, Soumagnac MT, Yaron O, Strotjohann NL, Zimmerman E, Barbarino C, Kulkarni SR, Kasliwal MM, De K, Yao Y, Fremling C, Yan L, Ofek EO, Fransson C, Filippenko AV, Zheng W, Brink TG, Copperwheat CM, Foley RJ, Brown J, Siebert M, Leloudas G, Cabrera-Lavers AL, Garcia-Alvarez D, Marante-Barreto A, Frederick S, Hung T, Wheeler JC, Vinkó J, Thomas BP, Graham MJ, Duev DA, Drake AJ, Dekany R, Bellm EC, Rusholme B, Shupe DL, Andreoni I, Sharma Y, Riddle R, van Roestel J, Knezevic N. A WC/WO star exploding within an expanding carbon-oxygen-neon nebula. Nature 2022; 601:201-204. [PMID: 35022591 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04155-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The final fate of massive stars, and the nature of the compact remnants they leave behind (black holes and neutron stars), are open questions in astrophysics. Many massive stars are stripped of their outer hydrogen envelopes as they evolve. Such Wolf-Rayet stars1 emit strong and rapidly expanding winds with speeds greater than 1,000 kilometres per second. A fraction of this population is also helium-depleted, with spectra dominated by highly ionized emission lines of carbon and oxygen (types WC/WO). Evidence indicates that the most commonly observed supernova explosions that lack hydrogen and helium (types Ib/Ic) cannot result from massive WC/WO stars2,3, leading some to suggest that most such stars collapse directly into black holes without a visible supernova explosion4. Here we report observations of SN 2019hgp, beginning about a day after the explosion. Its short rise time and rapid decline place it among an emerging population of rapidly evolving transients5-8. Spectroscopy reveals a rich set of emission lines indicating that the explosion occurred within a nebula composed of carbon, oxygen and neon. Narrow absorption features show that this material is expanding at high velocities (greater than 1,500 kilometres per second), requiring a compact progenitor. Our observations are consistent with an explosion of a massive WC/WO star, and suggest that massive Wolf-Rayet stars may be the progenitors of some rapidly evolving transients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Gal-Yam
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - R Bruch
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - S Schulze
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.,The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Astronomy and Department of Physics, AlbaNova, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Y Yang
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.,Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - D A Perley
- Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - I Irani
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - J Sollerman
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Astronomy and Department of Physics, AlbaNova, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E C Kool
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Astronomy and Department of Physics, AlbaNova, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M T Soumagnac
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - O Yaron
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - N L Strotjohann
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - E Zimmerman
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - C Barbarino
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Astronomy and Department of Physics, AlbaNova, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S R Kulkarni
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - M M Kasliwal
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - K De
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Y Yao
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - C Fremling
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - L Yan
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - E O Ofek
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - C Fransson
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Astronomy and Department of Physics, AlbaNova, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A V Filippenko
- Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - W Zheng
- Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - T G Brink
- Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - C M Copperwheat
- Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - R J Foley
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - J Brown
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - M Siebert
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - G Leloudas
- DTU Space, National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - S Frederick
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - T Hung
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - J C Wheeler
- Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - J Vinkó
- Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.,Konkoly Observatory, ELKH CSFK, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,ELTE Institute of Physics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - B P Thomas
- Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - M J Graham
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - D A Duev
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - A J Drake
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - R Dekany
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - E C Bellm
- DIRAC Institute, Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - B Rusholme
- IPAC, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - D L Shupe
- IPAC, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - I Andreoni
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Y Sharma
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - R Riddle
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - J van Roestel
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - N Knezevic
- Department of Astronomy, Faculty of Mathematics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hörner SJ, Couturier N, Bruch R, Koch P, Hafner M, Rudolf R. hiPSC-Derived Schwann Cells Influence Myogenic Differentiation in Neuromuscular Cocultures. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123292. [PMID: 34943800 PMCID: PMC8699767 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Motoneurons, skeletal muscle fibers, and Schwann cells form synapses, termed neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). These control voluntary body movement and are affected in numerous neuromuscular diseases. Therefore, a variety of NMJ in vitro models have been explored to enable mechanistic and pharmacological studies. So far, selective integration of Schwann cells in these models has been hampered, due to technical limitations. Here we present robust protocols for derivation of Schwann cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) and their coculture with hiPSC-derived motoneurons and C2C12 muscle cells. Upon differentiation with tuned BMP signaling, Schwann cells expressed marker proteins, S100b, Gap43, vimentin, and myelin protein zero. Furthermore, they displayed typical spindle-shaped morphologies with long processes, which often aligned with motoneuron axons. Inclusion of Schwann cells in coculture experiments with hiPSC-derived motoneurons and C2C12 myoblasts enhanced myotube growth and affected size and number of acetylcholine receptor plaques on myotubes. Altogether, these data argue for the availability of a consistent differentiation protocol for Schwann cells and their amenability for functional integration into neuromuscular in vitro models, fostering future studies of neuromuscular mechanisms and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Janice Hörner
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany; (S.J.H.); (N.C.); (R.B.); (M.H.)
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Couturier
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany; (S.J.H.); (N.C.); (R.B.); (M.H.)
| | - Roman Bruch
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany; (S.J.H.); (N.C.); (R.B.); (M.H.)
| | - Philipp Koch
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany;
- Hector Institute for Translational Brain Research (HITBR gGmbH), 68159 Mannheim, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mathias Hafner
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany; (S.J.H.); (N.C.); (R.B.); (M.H.)
- Institute of Medical Technology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences and Heidelberg University, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Rudolf
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany; (S.J.H.); (N.C.); (R.B.); (M.H.)
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Technology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences and Heidelberg University, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Keller F, Bruch R, Clauder F, Hafner M, Rudolf R. Extracellular Matrix Components Regulate Bone Sialoprotein Expression in MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061304. [PMID: 34073955 PMCID: PMC8225072 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone sialoprotein (BSP) has become a target in breast cancer research as it is associated with tumor progression and metastasis. The mechanisms underlying the regulation of BSP expression have been largely elusive. Given that BSP is involved in the homing of cancer cells in bone metastatic niches, we addressed regulatory effects of proteolytic cleavage and extracellular matrix components on BSP expression and distribution in cell culture models. Therefore, MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells were kept in 2D and 3D spheroid cultures and exposed to basement membrane extract in the presence or absence of matrix metalloproteinase 9 or the non-polar protease, dispase. Confocal imaging of immunofluorescence samples stained with different antibodies against human BSP demonstrated a strong inducing effect of basement membrane extract on anti-BSP immunofluorescence. Similarly, protease incubation led to acute upregulation of anti-BSP immunofluorescence signals, which was blocked by cycloheximide, suggesting de novo formation of BSP. In summary, our data show that extracellular matrix components play an important function in regulating BSP expression and hint at mechanisms for the formation of bone-associated metastasis in breast cancer that might involve local control of BSP levels by extracellular matrix degradation and release of growth factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Keller
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany; (F.K.); (R.B.); (M.H.)
- Institute of Medical Technology, Heidelberg University and Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Roman Bruch
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany; (F.K.); (R.B.); (M.H.)
| | | | - Mathias Hafner
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany; (F.K.); (R.B.); (M.H.)
- Institute of Medical Technology, Heidelberg University and Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Rudolf
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany; (F.K.); (R.B.); (M.H.)
- Institute of Medical Technology, Heidelberg University and Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-621-292-6804
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bruch R, Scheikl PM, Mikut R, Loosli F, Reischl M. epiTracker: A Framework for Highly Reliable Particle Tracking for the Quantitative Analysis of Fish Movements in Tanks. SLAS Technol 2020; 26:367-376. [PMID: 33345677 DOI: 10.1177/2472630320977454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral analysis of moving animals relies on a faithful recording and track analysis to extract relevant parameters of movement. To study group behavior and social interactions, often simultaneous analyses of individuals are required. To detect social interactions, for example to identify the leader of a group as opposed to followers, one needs an error-free segmentation of individual tracks throughout time. While automated tracking algorithms exist that are quick and easy to use, inevitable errors will occur during tracking. To solve this problem, we introduce a robust algorithm called epiTracker for segmentation and tracking of multiple animals in two-dimensional (2D) videos along with an easy-to-use correction method that allows one to obtain error-free segmentation. We have implemented two graphical user interfaces to allow user-friendly control of the functions. Using six labeled 2D datasets, the effort to obtain accurate labels is quantified and compared to alternative available software solutions. Both the labeled datasets and the software are publicly available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Bruch
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Paul M Scheikl
- Institute for Anthropomatics and Robotics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Mikut
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Felix Loosli
- Institute for Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Markus Reischl
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bruch R, Rudolf R, Mikut R, Reischl M. Evaluation of semi-supervised learning using sparse labeling to segment cell nuclei. Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/cdbme-2020-3103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The analysis of microscopic images from cell cultures plays an important role in the development of drugs. The segmentation of such images is a basic step to extract the viable information on which further evaluation steps are build. Classical image processing pipelines often fail under heterogeneous conditions. In the recent years deep neuronal networks gained attention due to their great potentials in image segmentation. One main pitfall of deep learning is often seen in the amount of labeled data required for training such models. Especially for 3D images the process to generate such data is tedious and time consuming and thus seen as a possible reason for the lack of establishment of deep learning models for 3D data. Efforts have been made to minimize the time needed to create labeled training data or to reduce the amount of labels needed for training. In this paper we present a new semisupervised training method for image segmentation of microscopic cell recordings based on an iterative approach utilizing unlabeled data during training. This method helps to further reduce the amount of labels required to effectively train deep learning models for image segmentation. By labeling less than one percent of the training data, a performance of 90% compared to a full annotation with 342 nuclei can be achieved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Bruch
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim , Germany
| | - Rüdiger Rudolf
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim , Germany
| | - Ralf Mikut
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Markus Reischl
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Keller F, Bruch R, Schneider R, Meier-Hubberten J, Hafner M, Rudolf R. A Scaffold-Free 3-D Co-Culture Mimics the Major Features of the Reverse Warburg Effect In Vitro. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081900. [PMID: 32823793 PMCID: PMC7463893 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Most tumors consume large amounts of glucose. Concepts to explain the mechanisms that mediate the achievement of this metabolic need have proposed a switch of the tumor mass to aerobic glycolysis. Depending on whether primarily tumor or stroma cells undergo such a commutation, the terms ‘Warburg effect’ or ‘reverse Warburg effect’ were coined to describe the underlying biological phenomena. However, current in vitro systems relying on 2-D culture, single cell-type spheroids, or basal-membrane extract (BME/Matrigel)-containing 3-D structures do not thoroughly reflect these processes. Here, we aimed to establish a BME/Matrigel-free 3-D microarray cancer model to recapitulate the metabolic interplay between cancer and stromal cells that allows mechanistic analyses and drug testing. Human HT-29 colon cancer and CCD-1137Sk fibroblast cells were used in mono- and co-cultures as 2-D monolayers, spheroids, and in a cell-chip format. Metabolic patterns were studied with immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. In chip-based co-cultures, HT-29 cells showed facilitated 3-D growth and increased levels of hexokinase-2, TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR), lactate dehydrogenase, and: translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20 (TOMM20), when compared with HT-29 mono-cultures. Fibroblasts co-cultured with HT-29 cells expressed higher levels of mono-carboxylate transporter 4, hexokinase-2, microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3, and ubiquitin-binding protein p62 than in fibroblast mono-cultures, in both 2-D cultures and chips. Tetramethylrhodamin-methylester (TMRM) live-cell imaging of chip co-cultures revealed a higher mitochondrial potential in cancer cells than in fibroblasts. The findings demonstrate a crosstalk between cancer cells and fibroblasts that affects cellular growth and metabolism. Chip-based 3-D co-cultures of cancer cells and fibroblasts mimicked features of the reverse Warburg effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Keller
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany; (F.K.); (R.B.); (M.H.)
- Institute of Medical Technology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University and Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Roman Bruch
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany; (F.K.); (R.B.); (M.H.)
| | - Richard Schneider
- TIP Oncology, Merck Healthcare KGaA, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany; (R.S.); (J.M.-H.)
| | | | - Mathias Hafner
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany; (F.K.); (R.B.); (M.H.)
- Institute of Medical Technology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University and Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Rudolf
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany; (F.K.); (R.B.); (M.H.)
- Institute of Medical Technology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University and Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-621-292-6804
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nürnberg E, Vitacolonna M, Klicks J, von Molitor E, Cesetti T, Keller F, Bruch R, Ertongur-Fauth T, Riedel K, Scholz P, Lau T, Schneider R, Meier J, Hafner M, Rudolf R. Routine Optical Clearing of 3D-Cell Cultures: Simplicity Forward. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:20. [PMID: 32154265 PMCID: PMC7046628 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional cell cultures, such as spheroids and organoids, serve as increasingly important models in fundamental and applied research and start to be used for drug screening purposes. Optical tissue clearing procedures are employed to enhance visualization of fluorescence-stained organs, tissues, and three-dimensional cell cultures. To get a more systematic overview about the effects and applicability of optical tissue clearing on three-dimensional cell cultures, we compared six different clearing/embedding protocols on seven types of spheroid- and chip-based three-dimensional cell cultures of approximately 300 μm in size that were stained with nuclear dyes, immunofluorescence, cell trackers, and cyan fluorescent protein. Subsequent whole mount confocal microscopy and semi-automated image analysis were performed to quantify the effects. Quantitative analysis included fluorescence signal intensity and signal-to-noise ratio as a function of z-depth as well as segmentation and counting of nuclei and immunopositive cells. In general, these analyses revealed five key points, which largely confirmed current knowledge and were quantified in this study. First, there was a massive variability of effects of different clearing protocols on sample transparency and shrinkage as well as on dye quenching. Second, all tested clearing protocols worked more efficiently on samples prepared with one cell type than on co-cultures. Third, z-compensation was imperative to minimize variations in signal-to-noise ratio. Fourth, a combination of sample-inherent cell density, sample shrinkage, uniformity of signal-to-noise ratio, and image resolution had a strong impact on data segmentation, cell counts, and relative numbers of immunofluorescence-positive cells. Finally, considering all mentioned aspects and including a wish for simplicity and speed of protocols - in particular, for screening purposes - clearing with 88% Glycerol appeared to be the most promising option amongst the ones tested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elina Nürnberg
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany.,Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Department of Translational Brain Research, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mario Vitacolonna
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Julia Klicks
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Elena von Molitor
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tiziana Cesetti
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Florian Keller
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Roman Bruch
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Thorsten Lau
- Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Department of Translational Brain Research, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Julia Meier
- TIP Oncology, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Mathias Hafner
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Rudolf
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
Bruch R, Chatelle C, Kling A, Rebmann B, Wirth S, Schumann S, Weber W, Dincer C, Urban G. Clinical on-site monitoring of ß-lactam antibiotics for a personalized antibiotherapy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3127. [PMID: 28600499 PMCID: PMC5466632 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03338-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An appropriate antibiotherapy is crucial for the safety and recovery of patients. Depending on the clinical conditions of patients, the required dose to effectively eradicate an infection may vary. An inadequate dosing not only reduces the efficacy of the antibiotic, but also promotes the emergence of antimicrobial resistances. Therefore, a personalized therapy is of great interest for improved patients' outcome and will reduce in long-term the prevalence of multidrug-resistances. In this context, on-site monitoring of the antibiotic blood concentration is fundamental to facilitate an individual adjustment of the antibiotherapy. Herein, we present a bioinspired approach for the bedside monitoring of free accessible ß-lactam antibiotics, including penicillins (piperacillin) and cephalosporins (cefuroxime and cefazolin) in untreated plasma samples. The introduced system combines a disposable microfluidic chip with a naturally occurring penicillin-binding protein, resulting in a high-performance platform, capable of gauging very low antibiotic concentrations (less than 6 ng ml-1) from only 1 µl of serum. The system's applicability to a personalized antibiotherapy was successfully demonstrated by monitoring the pharmacokinetics of patients, treated with ß-lactam antibiotics, undergoing surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Bruch
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - C Chatelle
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - A Kling
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - B Rebmann
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - S Wirth
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - S Schumann
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - W Weber
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - C Dincer
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany. .,Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - G Urban
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gray MA, Peake SJ, Farrell AP, Bruch R. Acute didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride toxicity to larval lake sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens Rafinesque, walleye Sander vitreus Mitchill, and northern pike, Esox lucius Linnaeus. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2005; 75:890-6. [PMID: 16400575 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-005-0833-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2005] [Accepted: 08/26/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M A Gray
- Canadian Rivers Institute and Department of Zoology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rodbro M, Bruch R, Bisgaard P, Dahl P, Fastrup B. High-resolution Auger spectra of boron excited in 200 keV B+single collisions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3700/10/13/003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
14
|
Rodbro M, Bruch R, Bisgaard P. High-resolution projectile Auger spectroscopy for Li, Be, B and C excited in single gas collisions. I. Line energies for prompt decays. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3700/12/15/009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
15
|
|
16
|
|
17
|
Rodbro M, Bisgaard P, Bruch R. High-resolution Be Auger spectroscopy using fast Be ion beams excited in single gas collisions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3700/10/8/003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
18
|
Bachmann P, Eberlein A, Bruch R. Reduction of Doppler broadening in the Auger electron spectra of fast ion beams: on the refocusing properties of a parallel-plate electrostatic analyser. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3735/15/2/013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
19
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to isolate pure biochemical compounds' eigenspectra and to classify skin cancer tumors. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Fourier transform infrared fiberoptic evanescent wave (FTIR-FEW) spectra, in the middle infrared (MIR) region, of human normal skin tissue and cancer tumors were analyzed using chemical factor analysis. RESULTS Eigenspectra of biochemical species were isolated and some of the eigenspectra have been preliminarily identified as due to protein peptide bond and lipid carbonyl vibrations. Cluster analysis was used for classification and good agreement with prior pathological classifications, specifically for normal skin tissue and melanoma tumors, has been found. However the cluster analysis suggests substantial variability in basaloma tumor biochemical characteristics. In addition this study has demonstrated that chemical factor analysis can be carried out directly on raw data to extract biochemical component eigenspectra and classify skin states. Most importantly, it has been demonstrated that the combination of FTIR-FEW technique and chemical factor analysis has potential as a clinical diagnostic tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Sukuta
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada Reno, 89557, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to isolate pure biochemical compounds' eigenspectra and to classify skin cancer tumors. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Fourier transform infrared fiberoptic evanescent wave (FTIR-FEW) spectra, in the middle infrared (MIR) region, of human normal skin tissue and cancer tumors were analyzed using chemical factor analysis. RESULTS Eigenspectra of biochemical species were isolated and some of the eigenspectra have been preliminarily identified as due to protein peptide bond and lipid carbonyl vibrations. Cluster analysis was used for classification and good agreement with prior pathological classifications, specifically for normal skin tissue and melanoma tumors, has been found. However the cluster analysis suggests substantial variability in basaloma tumor biochemical characteristics. In addition this study has demonstrated that chemical factor analysis can be carried out directly on raw data to extract biochemical component eigenspectra and classify skin states. Most importantly, it has been demonstrated that the combination of FTIR-FEW technique and chemical factor analysis has potential as a clinical diagnostic tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Sukuta
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada Reno, 89557, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bruch R, Merabet H, Bailey M, Showers S, Schneider D. Development of x-ray and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) optical devices for diagnostics and instrumentation for various surface applications. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9918(199904)27:4<236::aid-sia549>3.0.co;2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
22
|
Bruch R, Chung KT, Trabert E, Heckmann PH, Raith B, Muller HR. High-resolution EUV spectra of core-excited2P,2D0and2F states of doubly ionised boron. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3700/17/3/006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
23
|
|
24
|
|
25
|
Kantsyrev VL, Bruch R, Phaneuf R, Publicover NG. New Concepts for X-Ray, Soft X-Ray, and EUV Optical Instrumentation Including Applications in Spectroscopy, Plasma Diagnostics, and Biomedical Microscopy: A Status Report. J Xray Sci Technol 1997; 7:139-158. [PMID: 21307546 DOI: 10.3233/xst-1997-7206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we review current progress in the development of several techniques for extreme ultraviolet, soft x-ray, and x-ray optical instrumentation. Applications of these concepts include diagnostics of hot plasmas, spectroscopic studies of the interaction of multicharged ion beams with matter (atoms, ions, molecules, microstructures, surfaces, solids), and biomedical x-ray microscopy. Novel applications of components include the use of glass capillary converters (GCCs) and multilayer mirrors (MLMs) or crystals. GCC devices provide guiding, focusing, and polarization analysis of short wavelength radiation over a wide bandwidth. The MLM or crystal optical elements can be used for dispersing, focusing, and polarization-sensitive studies of radiation within a narrow bandwidth. In this report we focus on the development and testing of optical diagnostic devices for the short wavelength spectral region 0.1 nm < λ < 100 nm.
Collapse
|
26
|
Stolte WC, Bruch R. Cross sections for the production of excited He+ (np) 2Po states by 50-150-keV proton impact on helium. Phys Rev A 1996; 54:2116-2120. [PMID: 9913701 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.54.2116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
|
27
|
Bliman S, Bruch R, Altick PL, Schneider D, Prior MH. Double electron capture in low-energy Fe17++He collisions. Phys Rev A 1996; 53:4176-4182. [PMID: 9913385 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.53.4176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
|
28
|
Schneider D, Prior MH, Bruch R, Shlyaptseva A, Brage T, Ridder D. Erratum: Auger decay of Na-like Si3+(2p53lnl') states formed in slow Si5+-->He and Ar ion-atom collisions. Phys Rev A 1996; 53:2903. [PMID: 9913214 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.53.2903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
|
29
|
Schneider D, Bruch R, Shlyaptseva A, Brage T, Ridder D. Auger decay of Na-like Si3+(2p53lnl') states formed in slow Si5+-->He and Ar ion-atom collisions. Phys Rev A 1995; 51:4652-4661. [PMID: 9912155 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.51.4652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
|
30
|
Clark MW, Schneider D, Dewitt D, McDonald JW, Bruch R, Safronova UI, Tolstikhina IY, Schuch R. Xe L and M x-ray emission following Xe44-48+ ion impact on Cu surfaces. Phys Rev A 1993; 47:3983-3997. [PMID: 9909406 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.47.3983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
|
31
|
Bruch R, Schneider D, Chen MH, Chung KT, Davis BF. Erratum: Atomic K-shell binding energies of multiply charged neon ions studied by zero-degree Auger-electron spectroscopy. Phys Rev A 1993; 47:3457. [PMID: 9909336 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.47.3457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
|
32
|
Rottmann LM, Bruch R, Neill P, Drexler C, DuBois RD, Toburen LH. Single-electron capture by 100-1500-keV C+ ions in several atomic and molecular targets. Phys Rev A 1992; 46:3883-3888. [PMID: 9908581 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.46.3883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
|
33
|
Fülling S, Bruch R, Rauscher EA, Neill PA, Träbert E, Heckmann PH, McGuire JH. Ionization plus excitation of helium by fast electron and proton impact. Phys Rev Lett 1992; 68:3152-3155. [PMID: 10045627 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.68.3152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
34
|
Bruch R, Schneider D, Chen MH, Chung KT, Davis BF. Atomic K-shell binding energies of multiply charged neon ions studied by zero-degree Auger-electron spectroscopy. Phys Rev A 1992; 45:4476-4480. [PMID: 9907523 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.45.4476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
|
35
|
Bruch R, Schneider D, Chen MH, Chung KT, Davis BF. Projectile K Auger spectra of Li-, Be-, and B-like multiply charged Ne ions: Auger energies, Auger rates, and intensity ratios. Phys Rev A 1991; 44:5659-5673. [PMID: 9906627 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.44.5659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
|
36
|
Bashkin S, Träbert E, Thiede DA, Sercel PC, Lin P, Li M, Jenkins DG, Shemansky DE, Wells K, Bruch R, Fülling S, DeWitt D. Excitation of nitrogen by fast H3+ ions. Phys Rev A 1991; 43:3553-3562. [PMID: 9905441 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.43.3553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
|
37
|
Bruch R, Fuelling S, Schneider D, Moores DL, Stettner U, Litzen U, Skogvall B. Low-energy autoionization spectra of doubly excited states in B+(1s22pnl, n >= 4). Phys Rev A 1990; 42:1200-1205. [PMID: 9904145 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.42.1200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
|
38
|
Bruch R, Datz S, Miller PD, Pepmiller PL, Krause HF, Swenson JK, Stolterfoht N. Partial autoionization rates of O4+ (1s2s22p)3P0 and 1P0: A crucial test of electron correlation in Be-like systems. Phys Rev A Gen Phys 1987; 36:394-396. [PMID: 9898700 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.36.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
|
39
|
Bruch R, Stolterfoht N, Datz S, Miller PD, Pepmiller PL, Yamazaki Y, Krause HF, Swenson JK, Chung KT, Davis BF. High-resolution KLL Auger spectra of multiply ionized oxygen projectiles studied by zero-degree electron spectroscopy. Phys Rev A Gen Phys 1987; 35:4114-4121. [PMID: 9897998 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.35.4114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
|
40
|
Bruch R, Luken WL, Culberson JC, Chung KT. K-shell binding energies of B and C. Phys Rev A Gen Phys 1985; 31:503-504. [PMID: 9895505 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.31.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
|
41
|
|