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Gómez-Deza J, Nebiyou M, Alkaslasi MR, Nadal-Nicolás FM, Somasundaran P, Slavutsky AL, Ward ME, Li W, Watkins TA, Le Pichon CE. DLK-dependent axonal mitochondrial fission drives degeneration following axotomy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.01.30.526132. [PMID: 36778383 PMCID: PMC9915495 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.30.526132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Currently there are no effective treatments for an array of neurodegenerative disorders to a large part because cell-based models fail to recapitulate disease. Here we developed a reproducible human iPSC-based model where laser axotomy causes retrograde axon degeneration leading to neuronal cell death. Time-lapse confocal imaging revealed that damage triggers an apoptotic wave of mitochondrial fission proceeding from the site of injury to the soma. We demonstrated that this apoptotic wave is locally initiated in the axon by dual leucine zipper kinase (DLK). We found that mitochondrial fission and resultant cell death are entirely dependent on phosphorylation of dynamin related protein 1 (DRP1) downstream of DLK, revealing a new mechanism by which DLK can drive apoptosis. Importantly, we show that CRISPR mediated Drp1 depletion protected mouse retinal ganglion neurons from degeneration after optic nerve crush. Our results provide a powerful platform for studying degeneration of human neurons, pinpoint key early events in damage related neural death and new focus for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Gómez-Deza
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Matthew Nebiyou
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Mor R Alkaslasi
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | | | | | - Anastasia L Slavutsky
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Michael E Ward
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Wei Li
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Trent A Watkins
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco
| | - Claire E Le Pichon
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
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He Z, Xie L, Liu J, Wei X, Zhang W, Mei Z. Novel insight into the role of A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) in ischemic stroke and therapeutic potentials. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116715. [PMID: 38739993 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, a devastating disease associated with high mortality and disability worldwide, has emerged as an urgent public health issue. A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) are a group of signal-organizing molecules that compartmentalize and anchor a wide range of receptors and effector proteins and have a major role in stabilizing mitochondrial function and promoting neurodevelopmental development in the central nervous system (CNS). Growing evidence suggests that dysregulation of AKAPs expression and activity is closely associated with oxidative stress, ion disorder, mitochondrial dysfunction, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) impairment in ischemic stroke. However, the underlying mechanisms remain inadequately understood. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the composition and structure of A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP) family members, emphasizing their physiological functions in the CNS. We explored in depth the molecular and cellular mechanisms of AKAP complexes in the pathological progression and risk factors of ischemic stroke, including hypertension, hyperglycemia, lipid metabolism disorders, and atrial fibrillation. Herein, we highlight the potential of AKAP complexes as a pharmacological target against ischemic stroke in the hope of inspiring translational research and innovative clinical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu He
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Letian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Jiyong Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Xuan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China.
| | - Zhigang Mei
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China.
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Zhou C, Tang F, Dong T, Liu HB, Deng L, Margolis RL, Li PP. Role of Bβ1 overexpression in the pathogenesis of SCA12. Mov Disord 2024. [PMID: 38798069 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinocerebellar ataxia type 12 (SCA12) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by a CAG/CTG repeat expansion at the PPP2R2B locus. OBJECTIVE We investigated how the CAG repeat expansion within the PPP2R2B 7B7D transcript influences the expression of Bβ1 and a potential protein containing a long polyserine tract. METHODS Transcript and protein expression were measured using quantitative PCR (qPCR) Role of Bβ1 overexpression in the pathogenesis of SCA12 and Western blot, respectively, in an SK-N-MC cell model that overexpresses the full-length PPP2R2B 7B7D transcript. The apoptotic effect of a protein containing a long polyserine tract on SK-N-MC cells was evaluated using caspase 3/7 activity. RESULTS The CAG repeat expansion increases the expression of the PPP2R2B 7B7D transcript, as well as Bβ1 protein, in an SK-N-MC cell model in which the full-length PPP2R2B 7B7D transcript is overexpressed. The CAG repeat expansion within the 7B7D transcript is translated into a long polyserine tract that triggers apoptosis in SK-N-MC cells. CONCLUSIONS The SCA12 mutation leads to overexpression of PPP2R2B Bβ1 and to expression of a protein containing a long polyserine tract; both these effects potentially contribute to SCA12 pathogenesis. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengqian Zhou
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Fan Tang
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tao Dong
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hans B Liu
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Leon Deng
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Russell L Margolis
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Pan P Li
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Chen C, Merrill RA, Jong CJ, Strack S. Driving Mitochondrial Fission Improves Cognitive, but not Motor Deficits in a Mouse Model of Ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024:10.1007/s12311-024-01701-1. [PMID: 38735882 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-024-01701-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Autosomal-recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS) is caused by loss-of-function mutation in the SACS gene, which encodes sacsin, a putative HSP70-HSP90 co-chaperone. Previous studies with Sacs knock-out (KO) mice and patient-derived fibroblasts suggested that SACSIN mutations inhibit the function of the mitochondrial fission enzyme dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1). This in turn resulted in mitochondrial hyperfusion and dysfunction. We experimentally tested this hypothesis by genetically manipulating the mitochondrial fission/fusion equilibrium, creating double KO (DKO) mice that also lack positive (PP2A/Bβ2) and negative (PKA/AKAP1) regulators of Drp1. Neither promoting mitochondrial fusion (Bβ2 KO) nor fission (Akap1 KO) influenced progression of motor symptoms in Sacs KO mice. However, our studies identified profound learning and memory deficits in aged Sacs KO mice. Moreover, this cognitive impairment was rescued in a gene dose-dependent manner by deletion of the Drp1 inhibitor PKA/Akap1. Our results are inconsistent with mitochondrial dysfunction as a primary pathogenic mechanism in ARSACS. Instead, they imply that promoting mitochondrial fission may be beneficial at later stages of the disease when pathology extends to brain regions subserving learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Chen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Bowen Science Building, 51 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Ronald A Merrill
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Bowen Science Building, 51 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Chian Ju Jong
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Bowen Science Building, 51 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Stefan Strack
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Bowen Science Building, 51 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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Chen C, Merrill RA, Jong CJ, Strack S. Driving mitochondrial fission improves cognitive, but not motor deficits in a mouse model of Ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4178088. [PMID: 38659734 PMCID: PMC11042405 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4178088/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Autosomal-recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS) is caused by loss-of-function mutation in the SACS gene, which encodes sacsin, a putative HSP70-HSP90 co-chaperone. Previous studies with Sacs knock-out (KO) mice and patient-derived fibroblasts suggested that SACSIN mutations inhibit the function of the mitochondrial fission enzyme dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1). This in turn resulted in mitochondrial hyperfusion and dysfunction. We experimentally tested this hypothesis by genetically manipulating the mitochondrial fission/fusion equilibrium, creating double KO (DKO) mice that also lack positive (PP2A/Bβ2) and negative (PKA/AKAP1) regulators of Drp1. Neither promoting mitochondrial fusion (Bβ2 KO) nor fission (Akap1 KO) influenced progression of motor symptoms in Sacs KO mice. However, our studies identified profound learning and memory deficits in aged Sacs KO mice. Moreover, this cognitive impairment was rescued in a gene dose-dependent manner by deletion of the Drp1 inhibitor PKA/Akap1. Our results are inconsistent with mitochondrial dysfunction as a primary pathogenic mechanism in ARSACS. Instead, they imply that promoting mitochondrial fission may be beneficial at later stages of the disease when pathology extends to brain regions subserving learning and memory.
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Xu X, Chen M, Zhu D. Reperfusion and cytoprotective agents are a mutually beneficial pair in ischaemic stroke therapy: an overview of pathophysiology, pharmacological targets and candidate drugs focusing on excitotoxicity and free radical. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2023:svn-2023-002671. [PMID: 37832977 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2023-002671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the second-leading cause of death and the leading cause of disability in much of the world. In particular, China faces the greatest challenge from stroke, since the population is aged quickly. In decades of clinical trials, no neuroprotectant has had reproducible efficacy on primary clinical end points, because reperfusion is probably a necessity for neuroprotection to be clinically beneficial. Fortunately, the success of thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy has taken us into a reperfusion era of acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) therapy. Brain cytoprotective agents can prevent detrimental effects of ischaemia, and therefore 'freeze' ischaemic penumbra before reperfusion, extend the time window for reperfusion therapy. Because reperfusion often leads to reperfusion injury, including haemorrhagic transformation, brain oedema, infarct progression and neurological worsening, cytoprotective agents will enhance the efficacy and safety of reperfusion therapy by preventing or reducing reperfusion injuries. Therefore, reperfusion and cytoprotective agents are a mutually beneficial pair in AIS therapy. In this review, we outline critical pathophysiological events causing cell death within the penumbra after ischaemia or ischaemia/reperfusion in the acute phase of AIS, focusing on excitotoxicity and free radicals. We discuss key pharmacological targets for cytoprotective therapy and evaluate the recent advances of cytoprotective agents going through clinical trials, highlighting multitarget cytoprotective agents that intervene at multiple levels of the ischaemic and reperfusion cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingyu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongya Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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7
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Huan Y, Hao G, Shi Z, Liang Y, Dong Y, Quan H. The role of dynamin-related protein 1 in cerebral ischemia/hypoxia injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115247. [PMID: 37516018 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction, especially in terms of mitochondrial dynamics, has been reported to be closely associated with neuronal outcomes and neurological impairment in cerebral ischemia/hypoxia injury. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) is a cytoplasmic GTPase that mediates mitochondrial fission and participates in neuronal cell death, calcium signaling, and oxidative stress. The neuroprotective role of Drp1 inhibition has been confirmed in several central nervous system disease models, demonstrating that targeting Drp1 may shed light on novel approaches for the treatment of cerebral ischemia/hypoxia injury. In this review, we aimed to highlight the roles of Drp1 in programmed cell death, oxidative stress, mitophagy, and mitochondrial function to provide a better understanding of mitochondrial disturbances in cerebral ischemia/hypoxia injury, and we also summarize the advances in novel chemical compounds targeting Drp1 to provide new insights into potential therapies for cerebral ischemia/hypoxia injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huan
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Guangzhi Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Zuolin Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Yushu Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China.
| | - Huilin Quan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Yuan ZL, Mo YZ, Li DL, Xie L, Chen MH. Inhibition of ERK downregulates autophagy via mitigating mitochondrial fragmentation to protect SH-SY5Y cells from OGD/R injury. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:204. [PMID: 37580749 PMCID: PMC10426156 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01211-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) is the main cause leading to high mortality and neurological disability in patients with cardiac arrest/cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CA/CPR). Our previous study found that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation, dynamin-related protein1 (Drp1)/Mitofusin2 (Mfn2)-dependent mitochondrial dynamics imbalance, and excessive autophagy were involved in the mechanism of nerve injury after CA/CPR. However, the specific pathological signaling pathway is still unknown. This study aimed to explore the molecular function changes of ERK-Drp1/Mfn2-autophagy signaling pathway in SH-SY5Y cell oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model, to further clarify the pathophysiological mechanism of CIRI, and to provide a new strategy for cerebral protection after CIRI. METHODS SH-SY5Y cells were pretreated with drugs 24 h before OGD/R. The Drp1 and Mfn2 knockdown were adopted small interfering RNAs. The overexpression of p-Drp1S616 and Mfn2 were used recombinant plasmids. The expression levels of mitochondrial dynamics proteins (p-Drp1, Drp1, Mfn2, Mfn1 and Opa1) and autophagy markers (LC3, Beclin1 and p62) were measured with the Western blotting. The mRNA levels after transfection were determined by PCR. Cell injury and viability were evaluated with released LDH activity and CCK8 assay kits. Mitochondria morphology and autophagosome were observed under transmission electron microscopy. Mitochondrial function was detected by the mitochondrial permeability transition pore assay kit. The co-expression of p-ERK, p-Drp1 and LC3 was assessed with multiple immunofluorescences. One-way analysis of variance followed by least significance difference post hoc analysis (for equal homogeneity) or Dunnett's T3 test (for unequal homogeneity) were used for statistical tests. RESULTS ERK inhibitor-PD98059 (PD) protects SH-SY5Y cells from OGD/R-induced injury; while ERK activator-TPA had the opposite effect. Similar to autophagy inhibitor 3-MA, PD downregulated autophagy to improve cell viability; while autophagy activator-rapamycin further aggravated cell death. PD and Drp1-knockdown synergistically attenuated OGD/R-induced Drp1 activation, mPTP opening and cell injury; overexpression of Drp1S616E or ablating Mfn2 partly abolished the protective effects of PD. Multiple immunofluorescences showed that p-ERK, p-Drp1 and LC3 were co-expressed. CONCLUSION Inhibition of ERK downregulates autophagy via reducing Drp1/Mfn2-dependent mitochondrial fragmentation to antagonize mitochondrial dysfunction and promotes cell survival in the SH-SY5Y cells OGD/R model. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang-Li Yuan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Zi Mo
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 166 Daxuedong Road, Guangxi, 530007, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Li Li
- Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Guangxi, 530021, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Xie
- Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Guangxi, 530021, Nanning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Meng-Hua Chen
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 166 Daxuedong Road, Guangxi, 530007, Nanning, People's Republic of China.
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She R, Liu D, Liao J, Wang G, Ge J, Mei Z. Mitochondrial dysfunctions induce PANoptosis and ferroptosis in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury: from pathology to therapeutic potential. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1191629. [PMID: 37293623 PMCID: PMC10244524 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1191629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) accounts for more than 80% of the total stroke, which represents the leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide. Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CI/RI) is a cascade of pathophysiological events following the restoration of blood flow and reoxygenation, which not only directly damages brain tissue, but also enhances a series of pathological signaling cascades, contributing to inflammation, further aggravate the damage of brain tissue. Paradoxically, there are still no effective methods to prevent CI/RI, since the detailed underlying mechanisms remain vague. Mitochondrial dysfunctions, which are characterized by mitochondrial oxidative stress, Ca2+ overload, iron dyshomeostasis, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) defects and mitochondrial quality control (MQC) disruption, are closely relevant to the pathological process of CI/RI. There is increasing evidence that mitochondrial dysfunctions play vital roles in the regulation of programmed cell deaths (PCDs) such as ferroptosis and PANoptosis, a newly proposed conception of cell deaths characterized by a unique form of innate immune inflammatory cell death that regulated by multifaceted PANoptosome complexes. In the present review, we highlight the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunctions and how this key event contributes to inflammatory response as well as cell death modes during CI/RI. Neuroprotective agents targeting mitochondrial dysfunctions may serve as a promising treatment strategy to alleviate serious secondary brain injuries. A comprehensive insight into mitochondrial dysfunctions-mediated PCDs can help provide more effective strategies to guide therapies of CI/RI in IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruining She
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Danhong Liu
- Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Liao
- Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guozuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinwen Ge
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhigang Mei
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
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Wu Y, Zhu Y, Zhou Y, Liu L, Li T. Effects of Mdivi-1 on Extending the Golden Treatment Time following Hemorrhagic Shock in Hot Environment in Rats. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023:e2300024. [PMID: 37104841 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
It is found that a hot environment aggravates hemorrhagic shock-induced internal environment and organ dysfunction. Meanwhile mitochondria show over-fission. Whether inhibition of mitochondrial fission benefits from the early treatment of hemorrhagic shock under a hot environment is unclear. An uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock model in rats is used, and the effects of mitochondrial fission inhibitor mdivi-1 on mitochondrial function, organ function, and survival rate of rats are measured. The results show that 0.1-3 mg/kg mdivi-1 antagonizes hemorrhagic shock-induced mitochondrial fragment. In addition, mdivi-1 improves mitochondrial function, and alleviates hemorrhagic shock-induced oxidative stress and inflammation under a hot environment. Further studies show that 0.1-3 mg/kg Mdivi-1 reduces blood loss, and maintains a mean artery pressure (MAP) of 50-60 mmHg before bleeding-stops after hemorrhagic shock, compared with single Lactate Ringer's (LR) resuscitation. Notably, 1 mg/kg of Mdivi-1 extends the time of hypotensive resuscitation to 2-3 h. During 1 or 2 h of ligation, Mdivi-1 prolongs survival time and protects vital organ function by rescuing mitochondrial morphology and improving mitochondrial function. These results suggest Mdivi-1 is suitable for the early treatment of hemorrhagic shock under a hot environment and can extend the golden treatment time to 2-3 hour for hemorrhagic shock under a hot environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400042, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400042, P. R. China
| | - Yuanqun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400042, P. R. China
| | - Liangming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400042, P. R. China
| | - Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400042, P. R. China
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Huang J, Chen L, Yao ZM, Sun XR, Tong XH, Dong SY. The role of mitochondrial dynamics in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114671. [PMID: 37037094 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and long-term disability worldwide. More than 80 % of strokes are ischemic, caused by an occlusion of cerebral arteries. Without question, restoration of blood supply as soon as possible is the first therapeutic strategy. Nonetheless paradoxically, reperfusion can further aggravate the injury through a series of reactions known as cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). Mitochondria play a vital role in promoting nerve survival and neurological function recovery and mitochondrial dysfunction is considered one of the characteristics of CIRI. Neurons often die due to oxidative stress and an imbalance in energy metabolism following CIRI, and there is a strong association with mitochondrial dysfunction. Altered mitochondrial dynamics is the first reaction of mitochondrial stress. Mitochondrial dynamics refers to the maintenance of the integrity, distribution, and size of mitochondria as well as their ability to resist external stimuli through a continuous cycle of mitochondrial fission and fusion. Therefore, improving mitochondrial dynamics is a vital means of treating CIRI. This review discusses the relationship between mitochondria and CIRI and emphasizes improving mitochondrial dynamics as a potential therapeutic approach to improve the prognosis of CIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China; Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China; Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu, China
| | - Zi-Meng Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China; Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China; Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu, China
| | - Xu-Hui Tong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China; Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu, China
| | - Shu-Ying Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China; Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu, China; Bengbu Medical College Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Bengbu, China.
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Pegadraju H, Abby Thomas J, Kumar R. Mechanistic and therapeutic role of Drp1 in the pathogenesis of stroke. Gene 2023; 855:147130. [PMID: 36543307 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Stroke had emerged as one of the leading causes of death and long-term disability across the globe. Emerging evidence suggests a significant increase in the incidence of stroke with age, which is further expected to increase dramatically owing to an ever-expanding elderly population. The current situation imposes a significant burden on the healthcare system and requires a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms and development of novel interventions. It is well established that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a pivotal role in the onset of stroke. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), is a key regulator of mitochondria fission, and plays a crucial role during the pathogenesis of stroke. Drp1 protein levels significantly increase after stroke potentially in a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) dependent manner. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) facilitate mitochondrial fission and cell death by dephosphorylating the mitochondrial fission enzyme Drp1 at the inhibitory phosphorylation site serine 637. Outer mitochondrial membrane A-Kinase Anchoring Proteins 1 (AKAP 1) and protein kinase A complex (PKA) complex inhibits Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission by phosphorylating serine 637. Drp1 activation promotes the release of cytochrome C from mitochondria and therefore leads to apoptosis. In addition, Drp1 activation inhibits mitochondrial glutathione dependent free radical scavenging, which further enhances the ROS level and exacerbate mitochondrial dysfunction. Drp1 translocate p53 to mitochondrial membrane and leads to mitochondria-related necrosis. The current review article discusses the possible mechanistic pathways by which Drp1 can influence the pathogenesis of stroke. Besides, it will describe various inhibitors for Drp1 and their potential role as therapeutics for stroke in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himaja Pegadraju
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM School of Sciences, GITAM (Deemed to be) University, Vishakhapatnam, India
| | - Joshua Abby Thomas
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM School of Sciences, GITAM (Deemed to be) University, Vishakhapatnam, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM School of Sciences, GITAM (Deemed to be) University, Vishakhapatnam, India.
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13
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Kawalec M, Wojtyniak P, Bielska E, Lewczuk A, Boratyńska-Jasińska A, Beręsewicz-Haller M, Frontczak-Baniewicz M, Gewartowska M, Zabłocka B. Mitochondrial dynamics, elimination and biogenesis during post-ischemic recovery in ischemia-resistant and ischemia-vulnerable gerbil hippocampal regions. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166633. [PMID: 36566873 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Transient ischemic attacks (TIA) result from a temporary blockage in blood circulation in the brain. As TIAs cause disabilities and often precede full-scale strokes, the effects of TIA are investigated to develop neuroprotective therapies. We analyzed changes in mitochondrial network dynamics, mitophagy and biogenesis in sections of gerbil hippocampus characterized by a different neuronal survival rate after 5-minute ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) insult. Our research revealed a significantly greater mtDNA/nDNA ratio in CA2-3, DG hippocampal regions (5.8 ± 1.4 vs 3.6 ± 0.8 in CA1) that corresponded to a neuronal resistance to I/R. During reperfusion, an increase of pro-fission (phospho-Ser616-Drp1/Drp1) and pro-fusion proteins (1.6 ± 0.5 and 1.4 ± 0.3 for Mfn2 and Opa1, respectively) was observed in CA2-3, DG. Selective autophagy markers, PINK1 and SQSTM1/p62, were elevated 24-96 h after I/R and accompanied by significant elevation of transcription factors proteins PGC-1α and Nrf1 (1.2 ± 0.4, 1.78 ± 0.6, respectively) and increased respiratory chain proteins (e.g., 1.5 ± 0.3 for complex IV at I/R 96 h). Contrastingly, decreased enzymatic activity of citrate synthase, reduced Hsp60 protein level and electron transport chain subunits (0.88 ± 0.03, 0.74 ± 0.1 and 0.71 ± 0.1 for complex IV at I/R 96 h, respectively) were observed in I/R-vulnerable CA1. The phospho-Ser616-Drp1/Drp1 was increased while Mfn2 and total Opa1 reduced to 0.88 ± 0.1 and 0.77 ± 0.17, respectively. General autophagy, measured as LC3-II/I ratio, was activated 3 h after reperfusion reaching 2.37 ± 0.9 of control. This study demonstrated that enhanced mitochondrial fusion, followed by late and selective mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis might together contribute to reduced susceptibility to TIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kawalec
- Molecular Biology Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Piotr Wojtyniak
- Molecular Biology Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Bielska
- Molecular Biology Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anita Lewczuk
- Molecular Biology Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Boratyńska-Jasińska
- Molecular Biology Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Magdalena Gewartowska
- Electron Microscopy Research Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Zabłocka
- Molecular Biology Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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14
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Zhou S, Rao Z, Xia Y, Wang Q, Liu Z, Wang P, Cheng F, Zhou H. CCAAT/Enhancer-binding Protein Homologous Protein Promotes ROS-mediated Liver Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting Mitophagy in Hepatocytes. Transplantation 2023; 107:129-139. [PMID: 35821597 PMCID: PMC9746334 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury represent a major risk factor in both partial hepatectomy and liver transplantation. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) is a key regulator of cell death, its precise molecular basis in regulating hepatocyte death during liver IR has not been delineated. METHODS Hepatocellular CHOP deficient mice were generated by bone marrow chimera models using global CHOP knockout mice. Liver partial warm ischemia model and hypoxia/reoxygenation model of primary hepatocytes were applied. Liver injury and mitophagy-related signaling pathways were investigated. IR-stressed patient liver tissues and serum samples were analyzed as well. RESULTS Mice with hepatocellular CHOP deficiency exhibited alleviated cell death, decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) expression, and enhanced mitophagy in hepatocytes after IR, confirmed by in vitro studies of hepatocytes after hypoxia/reoxygenation. Mitochondria ROS scavenge by Mito TEMPO effectively attenuated hepatocyte death and liver IR injury of wild-type mice, whereas no significant effects were observed in hepatocellular CHOP -deficient mice. CHOP depletion upregulated dynamin-related protein 1 and Beclin-1 activation in the mitochondria of hepatocytes leading to enhanced mitophagy. Following IR, increased CHOP expression and impaired mitophagy activation were observed in the livers of patients undergoing hepatectomy. N-acetyl cysteine pretreatment significantly improved the liver function of patients after surgery. CONCLUSIONS IR-induced CHOP activation exacerbates ROS-mediated hepatocyte death by inhibiting dynamin-related protein 1-Beclin-1-dependent mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Zhou
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhuqing Rao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongxiang Xia
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
- School of Medical, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Cheng
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Haoming Zhou
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
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15
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Khan MM, Paez HG, Pitzer CR, Alway SE. The Therapeutic Potential of Mitochondria Transplantation Therapy in Neurodegenerative and Neurovascular Disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1100-1116. [PMID: 36089791 PMCID: PMC10286589 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x05666220908100545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative and neurovascular disorders affect millions of people worldwide and account for a large and increasing health burden on the general population. Thus, there is a critical need to identify potential disease-modifying treatments that can prevent or slow the disease progression. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles and play an important role in energy metabolism and redox homeostasis, and mitochondrial dysfunction threatens cell homeostasis, perturbs energy production, and ultimately leads to cell death and diseases. Impaired mitochondrial function has been linked to the pathogenesis of several human neurological disorders. Given the significant contribution of mitochondrial dysfunction in neurological disorders, there has been considerable interest in developing therapies that can attenuate mitochondrial abnormalities and proffer neuroprotective effects. Unfortunately, therapies that target specific components of mitochondria or oxidative stress pathways have exhibited limited translatability. To this end, mitochondrial transplantation therapy (MTT) presents a new paradigm of therapeutic intervention, which involves the supplementation of healthy mitochondria to replace the damaged mitochondria for the treatment of neurological disorders. Prior studies demonstrated that the supplementation of healthy donor mitochondria to damaged neurons promotes neuronal viability, activity, and neurite growth and has been shown to provide benefits for neural and extra-neural diseases. In this review, we discuss the significance of mitochondria and summarize an overview of the recent advances and development of MTT in neurodegenerative and neurovascular disorders, particularly Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and stroke. The significance of MTT is emerging as they meet a critical need to develop a diseasemodifying intervention for neurodegenerative and neurovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Moshahid Khan
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Center for Muscle, Metabolism and Neuropathology, Division of Regenerative and Rehabilitation Sciences and Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hector G. Paez
- Center for Muscle, Metabolism and Neuropathology, Division of Regenerative and Rehabilitation Sciences and Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Christopher R. Pitzer
- Center for Muscle, Metabolism and Neuropathology, Division of Regenerative and Rehabilitation Sciences and Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Stephen E. Alway
- Center for Muscle, Metabolism and Neuropathology, Division of Regenerative and Rehabilitation Sciences and Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- The Tennessee Institute of Regenerative Medicine, 910 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
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16
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Rosdah AA, Abbott BM, Langendorf CG, Deng Y, Truong JQ, Waddell HMM, Ling NXY, Smiles WJ, Delbridge LMD, Liu GS, Oakhill JS, Lim SY, Holien JK. A novel small molecule inhibitor of human Drp1. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21531. [PMID: 36513726 PMCID: PMC9747717 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25464-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) is a large GTPase regulator of mitochondrial dynamics and is known to play an important role in numerous pathophysiological processes. Despite being the most widely used Drp1 inhibitor, the specificity of Mdivi-1 towards human Drp1 has not been definitively proven and there have been numerous issues reported with its use including off-target effects. In our hands Mdivi-1 showed varying binding affinities toward human Drp1, potentially impacted by compound aggregation. Herein, we sought to identify a novel small molecule inhibitor of Drp1. From an initial virtual screening, we identified DRP1i27 as a compound which directly bound to the human isoform 3 of Drp1 via surface plasmon resonance and microscale thermophoresis. Importantly, DRP1i27 was found to have a dose-dependent increase in the cellular networks of fused mitochondria but had no effect in Drp1 knock-out cells. Further analogues of this compound were identified and screened, though none displayed greater affinity to human Drp1 isoform 3 than DRP1i27. To date, this is the first small molecule inhibitor shown to directly bind to human Drp1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayeshah A. Rosdah
- grid.1073.50000 0004 0626 201XSt Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC Australia ,grid.108126.c0000 0001 0557 0975Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Surgery and Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Belinda M. Abbott
- grid.1018.80000 0001 2342 0938Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | | | - Yali Deng
- grid.1073.50000 0004 0626 201XSt Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Surgery and Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Jia Q. Truong
- grid.1017.70000 0001 2163 3550School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, VIC 3001 Australia
| | - Helen M. M. Waddell
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Naomi X. Y. Ling
- grid.1073.50000 0004 0626 201XSt Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC Australia
| | - William J. Smiles
- grid.1073.50000 0004 0626 201XSt Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC Australia
| | - Lea M. D. Delbridge
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Guei-Sheung Liu
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Surgery and Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.410670.40000 0004 0625 8539Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1009.80000 0004 1936 826XMenzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Jonathan S. Oakhill
- grid.1073.50000 0004 0626 201XSt Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC Australia ,grid.411958.00000 0001 2194 1270Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC Australia
| | - Shiang Y. Lim
- grid.1073.50000 0004 0626 201XSt Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Surgery and Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Drug Discovery Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.419385.20000 0004 0620 9905National Heart Centre, National Heart Research Institute Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jessica K. Holien
- grid.1073.50000 0004 0626 201XSt Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Surgery and Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1017.70000 0001 2163 3550School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, VIC 3001 Australia
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17
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Bera A, Lavanya G, Reshmi R, Dev K, Kumar R. Mechanistic and therapeutic role of Drp1 in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:5516-5531. [PMID: 35078269 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, has emerged as the most common form of dementia in the elderly. Two major pathological hallmarks have been identified for AD: extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). Recently, dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) was recognized to contribute significantly towards the pathogenesis of AD. Drp1 is primarily located in the cytosol, from where it translocates to the mitochondrial outer membrane and drives the mitochondrial fission via GTP hydrolysis. Drp1 interacts with Aβ and phosphorylated tau, leading to excessive mitochondrial fragmentation, which in turn results in synaptic dysfunction, neuronal damage and cognitive decline. Several studies suggest an increase in the level of Drp1 in the post-mortem brain specimen collected from the AD patients and murine models of AD. Interestingly, heterozygous deletion of Drp1 in the transgenic murine model of AD ameliorates the mitochondrial dysfunction, improving learning and memory. The current review article discusses the possible mechanistic pathways by which Drp1 can influence the pathogenesis of AD. Besides, it will describe various inhibitors for Drp1 and their potential role as therapeutics for AD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Bera
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM Institute of Sciences, GITAM (Deemed to be) University, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Gantyada Lavanya
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM Institute of Sciences, GITAM (Deemed to be) University, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Ravada Reshmi
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM Institute of Sciences, GITAM (Deemed to be) University, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Kapil Dev
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM Institute of Sciences, GITAM (Deemed to be) University, Visakhapatnam, India
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18
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Guo J, Zhang L, Bu Y, Li W, Hu J, Li J. Ras-related protein Rab-20 inhibition alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting mitochondrial fission and dysfunction. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:986710. [DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.986710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ras-related protein Rab-20 (Rab20) is induced in hypoxia and contributes to hypoxia-induced apoptosis. However, the role and mechanism of Rab20 in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury need to be elucidated. We established a cerebral I/R injury model in the mice and an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model in HT22 cells to determine the effects of Rab20 in cerebral I/R injury. Rab20 expression was upregulated in mice after I/R and in HT22 cells after OGD/R. Upregulated Rab20 was mainly located in neurons. Rab20 inhibition significantly alleviated brain infarct volume, neurological deficits, and neuronal apoptosis in mice after I/R. Moreover, Rab20 knockdown significantly ameliorated the OGD/R-induced inhibition of cell viability and apoptotic cell death in HT22 cells. Rab20 knockdown significantly alleviated OGD/R-induced mitochondrial fission by repressing mitochondrial dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp-1) recruitment and increasing Drp-1 (Ser637) phosphorylation and ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction by reducing the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cellular calcium accumulation and increasing the mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, Rab20 knockdown significantly alleviated cytochrome c release from the mitochondria into the cytosol in HT22 cells after OGD/R. Rab20 contributes to cerebral I/R injury by regulating mitochondria-associated apoptosis pathways. Targeting Rab20 may be an attractive strategy for the treatment of cerebral I/R injury.
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Sun H, Li X, Chen X, Xiong Y, Cao Y, Wang Z. Drp1 activates ROS/HIF-1α/EZH2 and triggers mitochondrial fragmentation to deteriorate hypercalcemia-associated neuronal injury in mouse model of chronic kidney disease. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:213. [PMID: 36050772 PMCID: PMC9438241 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02542-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD), characterized as renal dysfunction, is regarded as a major public health problem which carries a high risk of cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the functional significance of Drp1 in hypercalcemia-associated neuronal damage following CKD and the associated mechanism. Methods Initially, the CKD mouse models were established. Next, RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis were performed to measure expression of Fis1 and Drp1 in CKD. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay were utilized to explore the relationship among Drp1, HIF-1α, EZH2, and ROS with primary cortical neurons isolated from neonatal mice. Next, CKD mice were subjected to calcitonin treatment or manipulation with adenovirus expressing sh-Drp1, so as to explore the effects of Drp1 on hypercalcemia-induced neuronal injury in CKD. TUNEL assay and immunofluorescence staining were performed to detect apoptosis and NeuN-positive cells (neurons) in prefrontal cortical tissues of CKD mice. Results It was found that hypercalcemia could induce neuronal injury in CKD mice. An increase of Fis1 and Drp1 expression in cerebral cortex of CKD mice correlated with mitochondrial fragmentation. Calcitonin suppressed Drp1/Fis1-mediated mitochondrial fragmentation to attenuate hypercalcemia-induced neuronal injury after CKD. Additionally, Drp1 could increase EZH2 expression through the binding of HIF-1α to EZH2 promoter via elevating ROS generation. Furthermore, Drp1 knockdown inhibited hypercalcemia-induced neuronal injury in CKD while overexpression of EZH2 could reverse this effect in vivo. Conclusion Taken together, the key findings of the current study demonstrate the promotive role of Drp1 in mitochondrial fragmentation which contributes to hypercalcemia-induced neuronal injury in CKD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02542-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No. 31 Longhua Road, Haikou, 570102, Hannan, China.,Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Okayama University School of Medicine, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Xitong Li
- Department of Nephrology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yingquan Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yaochen Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No. 31 Longhua Road, Haikou, 570102, Hannan, China. .,Department of Nephrology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ziqiang Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No. 31 Longhua Road, Haikou, 570102, Hannan, China.
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20
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Goyal S, Tiwari S, Seth B, Phoolmala, Tandon A, Kumar Chaturvedi R. Bisphenol-A Mediated Impaired DRP1-GFER Axis and Cognition Restored by PGC-1α Upregulation Through Nicotinamide in the Rat Brain Hippocampus. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:4761-4775. [PMID: 35612786 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02862-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The regulatory network of mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics is vital for mitochondrial functions and cellular homeostasis. Any impairment in the mitochondrial network leads to neurodegenerative disorders. Our earlier studies suggest that environmental toxicant Bisphenol-A (BPA) exposure reduces neurogenesis by abnormal mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial biogenesis through impairment of mitochondrial fission factor dynamin-related protein (DRP1) and mitochondrial import protein GFER, which leads to demyelination, neurodegeneration, and cognitive deficits in the rats. In the present study, we found that chronic BPA exposure reduces PGC-1α levels (master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis), alters mitochondrial localization of DRP1 and GFER, and reduces the number of PGC-1α/NeuN+ and PGC-1α/β-tubulin+ neurons in the rat hippocampus, suggesting reduced PGC-1α-mediated neurogenesis. Nicotinamide significantly increased PGC-1α protein levels, PGC-1α/NeuN+ co-labeled cells in BPA-treated rat hippocampus and PGC-1α/β-tubulin+ co-labeled cells in neuron culture derived from hippocampal neural stem cells. Interestingly, PGC-1α upregulation by nicotinamide also resulted in increased GFER levels and restored mitochondrial localization of GFER (increased GFER/TOMM20 co-labeled cells) in vitro and in vivo following BPA treatment. Nicotinamide also reduced DRP1 levels and prevented DRP1 mitochondrial localization in BPA-treated neuronal cultures and hippocampus, suggesting reduced mitochondrial fission. This resulted in reduced cytochrome c levels in neuronal culture and reduced hippocampal neurodegeneration (reduced caspase-3/NeuN+ co-labeled neurons) following nicotinamide treatment in BPA-treated group. Consequently, activation of PGC-1α by nicotinamide restored BPA-mediated cognitive deficits in rats. Results suggest that the treatment of nicotinamide has therapeutic potential and rescues BPA-mediated neuronal death and cognitive deficits by upregulating the PGC-1α and GFER-DRP1 link, thus balancing mitochondrial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Goyal
- Molecular Neurotoxicology and Cell Integrity Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Saurabh Tiwari
- Molecular Neurotoxicology and Cell Integrity Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Brashket Seth
- Molecular Neurotoxicology and Cell Integrity Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Phoolmala
- Molecular Neurotoxicology and Cell Integrity Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Ankit Tandon
- Molecular Neurotoxicology and Cell Integrity Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Sciences, Babu Banarasi Das University, BBD City, Faizabad Road, Lucknow, 226 028, U.P, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar Chaturvedi
- Molecular Neurotoxicology and Cell Integrity Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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21
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Ouro A, Correa-Paz C, Maqueda E, Custodia A, Aramburu-Núñez M, Romaus-Sanjurjo D, Posado-Fernández A, Candamo-Lourido M, Alonso-Alonso ML, Hervella P, Iglesias-Rey R, Castillo J, Campos F, Sobrino T. Involvement of Ceramide Metabolism in Cerebral Ischemia. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:864618. [PMID: 35531465 PMCID: PMC9067562 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.864618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, caused by the interruption of blood flow to the brain and subsequent neuronal death, represents one of the main causes of disability in worldwide. Although reperfusion therapies have shown efficacy in a limited number of patients with acute ischemic stroke, neuroprotective drugs and recovery strategies have been widely assessed, but none of them have been successful in clinical practice. Therefore, the search for new therapeutic approaches is still necessary. Sphingolipids consist of a family of lipidic molecules with both structural and cell signaling functions. Regulation of sphingolipid metabolism is crucial for cell fate and homeostasis in the body. Different works have emphasized the implication of its metabolism in different pathologies, such as diabetes, cancer, neurodegeneration, or atherosclerosis. Other studies have shown its implication in the risk of suffering a stroke and its progression. This review will highlight the implications of sphingolipid metabolism enzymes in acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Ouro
- NeuroAging Group (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Clara Correa-Paz
- Translational Stroke Laboratory Group (TREAT), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Elena Maqueda
- Neuroimaging and Biotechnology Laboratory (NOBEL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antía Custodia
- NeuroAging Group (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marta Aramburu-Núñez
- NeuroAging Group (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Daniel Romaus-Sanjurjo
- NeuroAging Group (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Adrián Posado-Fernández
- NeuroAging Group (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Candamo-Lourido
- Translational Stroke Laboratory Group (TREAT), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria Luz Alonso-Alonso
- Neuroimaging and Biotechnology Laboratory (NOBEL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pablo Hervella
- Neuroimaging and Biotechnology Laboratory (NOBEL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ramón Iglesias-Rey
- Neuroimaging and Biotechnology Laboratory (NOBEL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Castillo
- Neuroimaging and Biotechnology Laboratory (NOBEL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisco Campos
- Translational Stroke Laboratory Group (TREAT), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Tomás Sobrino
- NeuroAging Group (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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22
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The Role of Mitochondrial Dynamin in Stroke. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2504798. [PMID: 35571256 PMCID: PMC9106451 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2504798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability in the world. However, the pathophysiological process of stroke is still not fully clarified. Mitochondria play an important role in promoting nerve survival and are an important drug target for the treatment of stroke. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the hallmarks of stroke. Mitochondria are in a state of continuous fission and fusion, which are termed as mitochondrial dynamics. Mitochondrial dynamics are very important for maintaining various functions of mitochondria. In this review, we will introduce the structure and functions of mitochondrial fission and fusion related proteins and discuss their role in the pathophysiologic process of stroke. A better understanding of mitochondrial dynamin in stroke will pave way for the development of new therapeutic options.
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23
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Mitochondrial dynamics in the neonatal brain - a potential target following injury? Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231001. [PMID: 35319070 PMCID: PMC8965818 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of birth asphyxia and its sequelae, hypoxic–ischaemic (HI) brain injury, is long-lasting and significant, both for the infant and for their family. Treatment options are limited to therapeutic hypothermia, which is not universally successful and is unavailable in low resource settings. The energy deficits that accompany neuronal death following interruption of blood flow to the brain implicate mitochondrial dysfunction. Such HI insults trigger mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilisation leading to release of pro-apoptotic proteins into the cytosol and cell death. More recently, key players in mitochondrial fission and fusion have been identified as targets following HI brain injury. This review aims to provide an introduction to the molecular players and pathways driving mitochondrial dynamics, the regulation of these pathways and how they are altered following HI insult. Finally, we review progress on repurposing or repositioning drugs already approved for other indications, which may target mitochondrial dynamics and provide promising avenues for intervention following brain injury. Such repurposing may provide a mechanism to fast-track, low-cost treatment options to the clinic.
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24
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Mitochondrial Quality and Quantity Control: Mitophagy Is a Potential Therapeutic Target for Ischemic Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:3110-3123. [PMID: 35266113 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02795-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a cerebrovascular disease with high mortality and disability, which seriously affects the health and lives of people around the world. Effective treatment for ischemic stroke has been limited by its complex pathological mechanisms. Increasing evidence has indicated that mitochondrial dysfunction plays an essential role in the occurrence, development, and pathological processes of ischemic stroke. Therefore, strict control of the quality and quantity of mitochondria via mitochondrial fission and fusion as well as mitophagy is beneficial to the survival and normal function maintenance of neurons. Under certain circumstances, excessive mitophagy also could induce cell death. This review discusses the dynamic changes and double-edged roles of mitochondria and related signaling pathways of mitophagy in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke. Furthermore, we focus on the possibility of modulating mitophagy as a potential therapy for the prevention and prognosis of ischemic stroke. Notably, we reviewed recent advances in the studies of natural compounds, which could modulate mitophagy and exhibit neuroprotective effects, and discussed their potential application in the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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25
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Wang S, Tan J, Miao Y, Zhang Q. Mitochondrial Dynamics, Mitophagy, and Mitochondria–Endoplasmic Reticulum Contact Sites Crosstalk Under Hypoxia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:848214. [PMID: 35281107 PMCID: PMC8914053 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.848214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are double membrane organelles within eukaryotic cells, which act as cellular power houses, depending on the continuous availability of oxygen. Nevertheless, under hypoxia, metabolic disorders disturb the steady-state of mitochondrial network, which leads to dysfunction of mitochondria, producing a large amount of reactive oxygen species that cause further damage to cells. Compelling evidence suggests that the dysfunction of mitochondria under hypoxia is linked to a wide spectrum of human diseases, including obstructive sleep apnea, diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular disorders. The functional dichotomy of mitochondria instructs the necessity of a quality-control mechanism to ensure a requisite number of functional mitochondria that are present to fit cell needs. Mitochondrial dynamics plays a central role in monitoring the condition of mitochondrial quality. The fission–fusion cycle is regulated to attain a dynamic equilibrium under normal conditions, however, it is disrupted under hypoxia, resulting in mitochondrial fission and selective removal of impaired mitochondria by mitophagy. Current researches suggest that the molecular machinery underlying these well-orchestrated processes are coordinated at mitochondria–endoplasmic reticulum contact sites. Here, we establish a holistic understanding of how mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy are regulated at mitochondria–endoplasmic reticulum contact sites under hypoxia.
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26
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Yang M, He Y, Deng S, Xiao L, Tian M, Xin Y, Lu C, Zhao F, Gong Y. Mitochondrial Quality Control: A Pathophysiological Mechanism and Therapeutic Target for Stroke. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 14:786099. [PMID: 35153669 PMCID: PMC8832032 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.786099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a devastating disease with high mortality and disability rates. Previous research has established that mitochondria, as major regulators, are both influenced by stroke, and further regulated the development of poststroke injury. Mitochondria are involved in several biological processes such as energy generation, calcium homeostasis, immune response, apoptosis regulation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Meanwhile, mitochondria can evolve into various quality control systems, including mitochondrial dynamics (fission and fusion) and mitophagy, to maintain the homeostasis of the mitochondrial network. Various activities of mitochondrial fission and fusion are associated with mitochondrial integrity and neurological injury after stroke. Additionally, proper mitophagy seems to be neuroprotective for its effect on eliminating the damaged mitochondria, while excessive mitophagy disturbs energy generation and mitochondria-associated signal pathways. The balance between mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy is more crucial than the absolute level of each process. A neurovascular unit (NVU) is a multidimensional system by which cells release multiple mediators and regulate diverse signaling pathways across the whole neurovascular network in a way with a high dynamic interaction. The turbulence of mitochondrial quality control (MQC) could lead to NVU dysfunctions, including neuron death, neuroglial activation, blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption, and neuroinflammation. However, the exact changes and effects of MQC on the NVU after stroke have yet to be fully illustrated. In this review, we will discuss the updated mechanisms of MQC and the pathophysiology of mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy after stroke. We highlight the regulation of MQC as a potential therapeutic target for both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoxian Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuixiang Deng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Xiao
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, The Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mi Tian
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuewen Xin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaocheng Lu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Zhao,
| | - Ye Gong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Ye Gong,
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27
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Tian H, Chen X, Liao J, Yang T, Cheng S, Mei Z, Ge J. Mitochondrial quality control in stroke: From the mechanisms to therapeutic potentials. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:1000-1012. [PMID: 35040556 PMCID: PMC8831937 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial damage is a critical contributor to stroke‐induced injury, and mitochondrial quality control (MQC) is the cornerstone of restoring mitochondrial homeostasis and plays an indispensable role in alleviating pathological process of stroke. Mitochondria quality control promotes neuronal survival via various adaptive responses for preserving mitochondria structure, morphology, quantity and function. The processes of mitochondrial fission and fusion allow for damaged mitochondria to be segregated and facilitate the equilibration of mitochondrial components such as DNA, proteins and metabolites. The process of mitophagy is responsible for the degradation and recycling of damaged mitochondria. This review aims to offer a synopsis of the molecular mechanisms involved in MQC for recapitulating our current understanding of the complex role that MQC plays in the progression of stroke. Speculating on the prospect that targeted manipulation of MQC mechanisms may be exploited for the rationale design of novel therapeutic interventions in the ischaemic stroke and haemorrhagic stroke. In the review, we highlight the potential of MQC as therapeutic targets for stroke treatment and provide valuable insights for clinical strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-cerebral Disease, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-cerebral Disease, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Liao
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-cerebral Disease, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Tong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-cerebral Disease, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Shaowu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-cerebral Disease, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Zhigang Mei
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-cerebral Disease, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jinwen Ge
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-cerebral Disease, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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28
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Boulton DP, Caino MC. Mitochondrial Fission and Fusion in Tumor Progression to Metastasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:849962. [PMID: 35356277 PMCID: PMC8959575 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.849962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles which can change their shape, via processes termed fission and fusion, in order to adapt to different environmental and developmental contexts. Due to the importance of these processes in maintaining a physiologically healthy pool of mitochondria, aberrant cycles of fission/fusion are often seen in pathological contexts. In this review we will discuss how dysregulated fission and fusion promote tumor progression. We focus on the molecular mechanisms involved in fission and fusion, discussing how altered mitochondrial fission and fusion change tumor cell growth, metabolism, motility, and invasion and, finally how changes to these tumor-cell intrinsic phenotypes directly and indirectly impact tumor progression to metastasis. Although this is an emerging field of investigation, the current consensus is that mitochondrial fission positively influences metastatic potential in a broad variety of tumor types. As mitochondria are now being investigated as vulnerable targets in a variety of cancer types, we underscore the importance of their dynamic nature in potentiating tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon P Boulton
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States.,Pharmacology Graduate Program, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - M Cecilia Caino
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
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29
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Guo H, Jiang Y, Gu Z, Ren L, Zhu C, Yu S, Wei R. ZFP36 protects against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced mitochondrial fragmentation and neuronal apoptosis through inhibiting NOX4-DRP1 pathway. Brain Res Bull 2021; 179:57-67. [PMID: 34896479 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The imbalance of mitochondrial dynamics plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Zinc-finger protein 36 (ZFP36) has been documented to have neuroprotective effects, however, whether ZFP36 is involved in the regulation of neuronal survival during cerebral I/R injury remains unknown. In this study, we found that the transcriptional and translational levels of ZFP36 were increased in immortalized hippocampal HT22 neuronal cells after oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) treatment. ZFP36 gene silencing exacerbated OGD/R-induced dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) activity, mitochondrial fragmentation, oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis, whereas ZFP36 overexpression exhibited the opposite effects. Besides, we found that NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) was upregulated by OGD/R, and NOX4 inhibition remarkably attenuated OGD/R-instigated DRP1 activity, mitochondrial fragmentation and neuronal apoptosis. Further study demonstrated that ZFP36 targeted NOX4 mRNA directly by binding to the AU-rich elements (AREs) in the NOX4 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTR) and inhibited NOX4 expression. Taken together, our data indicate that ZFP36 protects against OGD/R-induced neuronal injury by inhibiting NOX4-mediated DRP1 activation and excessive mitochondrial fission. Pharmacological targeting of ZFP36 to suppress excessive mitochondrial fission may provide new therapeutic strategies in the treatment of cerebral I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengjiang Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Zhiqing Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Lulu Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Change Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Shenghua Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Rong Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, China.
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30
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Zhu Y, Kuang L, Wu Y, Deng H, She H, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Liu L, Li T. Protective Effects of Inhibition of Mitochondrial Fission on Organ Function After Sepsis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:712489. [PMID: 34566637 PMCID: PMC8457550 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.712489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-associated organ dysfunction plays a critical role in its high mortality, mainly in connection with mitochondrial dysfunction. Whether the inhibition of mitochondrial fission is beneficial to sepsis-related organ dysfunction and underlying mechanisms are unknown. Cecal ligation and puncture induced sepsis in rats and dynamic related protein 1 knockout mice, lipopolysaccharide-treated vascular smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes, were used to explore the effects of inhibition of mitochondrial fission and specific mechanisms. Our study showed that mitochondrial fission inhibitor Mdivi-1 could antagonize sepsis-induced organ dysfunction including heart, vascular smooth muscle, liver, kidney, and intestinal functions, and prolonged animal survival. The further study showed that mitochondrial functions such as mitochondrial membrane potential, adenosine-triphosphate contents, reactive oxygen species, superoxide dismutase and malonaldehyde were recovered after Mdivi-1 administration via improving mitochondrial morphology. And sepsis-induced inflammation and apoptosis in heart and vascular smooth muscle were alleviated through inhibition of mitochondrial fission and mitochondrial function improvement. The parameter trends in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cardiomyocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells were similar in vivo. Dynamic related protein 1 knockout preserved sepsis-induced organ dysfunction, and the animal survival was prolonged. Taken together, this finding provides a novel effective candidate therapy for severe sepsis/septic shock and other critical clinical diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haoyue Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Han She
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanqun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liangming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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31
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Valera-Alberni M, Joffraud M, Miro-Blanch J, Capellades J, Junza A, Dayon L, Núñez Galindo A, Sanchez-Garcia JL, Valsesia A, Cercillieux A, Söllner F, Ladurner AG, Yanes O, Cantó C. Crosstalk between Drp1 phosphorylation sites during mitochondrial remodeling and their impact on metabolic adaptation. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109565. [PMID: 34433037 PMCID: PMC8411118 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria constantly undergo fusion and fission events, referred as mitochondrial dynamics, which determine mitochondrial architecture and bioenergetics. Cultured cell studies demonstrate that mitochondrial dynamics are acutely regulated by phosphorylation of the mitochondrial fission orchestrator dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) at S579 or S600. However, the physiological impact and crosstalk of these phosphorylation sites is poorly understood. Here, we describe the functional interrelation between S579 and S600 phosphorylation sites in vivo and their role on mitochondrial remodeling. Mice carrying a homozygous Drp1 S600A knockin (Drp1 KI) mutation display larger mitochondria and enhanced lipid oxidation and respiratory capacities, granting improved glucose tolerance and thermogenic response upon high-fat feeding. Housing mice at thermoneutrality blunts these differences, suggesting a role for the brown adipose tissue in the protection of Drp1 KI mice against metabolic damage. Overall, we demonstrate crosstalk between Drp1 phosphorylation sites and provide evidence that their modulation could be used in the treatment and prevention of metabolic diseases. Drp1 phosphorylation at S600 promotes the phosphorylation at the S579 site Both Drp1 P-S600 and P-S579 are required for maximal mitochondrial fragmentation Drp1 S600A knockin mice are protected against diet-induced metabolic damage Drp1 phosphorylation controls brown adipose tissue thermogenic capacity in mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Valera-Alberni
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research Ltd., Lausanne 1015, Switzerland; School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Magali Joffraud
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research Ltd., Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Joan Miro-Blanch
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Electronic Engineering & IISPV, 43003 Tarragona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedates Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Capellades
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Electronic Engineering & IISPV, 43003 Tarragona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedates Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandra Junza
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Electronic Engineering & IISPV, 43003 Tarragona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedates Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Loïc Dayon
- Nestlé Institute of Food Safety and Analytical Sciences, Nestlé Research Ltd., Lausanne 1015, Switzerland; Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, EPFL, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Núñez Galindo
- Nestlé Institute of Food Safety and Analytical Sciences, Nestlé Research Ltd., Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Jose L Sanchez-Garcia
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research Ltd., Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Armand Valsesia
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research Ltd., Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Angelique Cercillieux
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research Ltd., Lausanne 1015, Switzerland; School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Flavia Söllner
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Andreas G Ladurner
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Oscar Yanes
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Electronic Engineering & IISPV, 43003 Tarragona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedates Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carles Cantó
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research Ltd., Lausanne 1015, Switzerland; School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
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Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) mutations in brain function, development, and neurologic disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1567-1588. [PMID: 34241636 DOI: 10.1042/bst20201313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
By removing Ser/Thr-specific phosphorylations in a multitude of protein substrates in diverse tissues, Protein Phosphatase type 2A (PP2A) enzymes play essential regulatory roles in cellular signalling and physiology, including in brain function and development. Here, we review current knowledge on PP2A gene mutations causally involved in neurodevelopmental disorders and intellectual disability, focusing on PPP2CA, PPP2R1A and PPP2R5D. We provide insights into the impact of these mutations on PP2A structure, substrate specificity and potential function in neurobiology and brain development.
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Sandal P, Jong CJ, Merrill RA, Song J, Strack S. Protein phosphatase 2A - structure, function and role in neurodevelopmental disorders. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:270819. [PMID: 34228795 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.248187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), including intellectual disability (ID), autism and schizophrenia, have high socioeconomic impact, yet poorly understood etiologies. A recent surge of large-scale genome or exome sequencing studies has identified a multitude of mostly de novo mutations in subunits of the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) holoenzyme that are strongly associated with NDDs. PP2A is responsible for at least 50% of total Ser/Thr dephosphorylation in most cell types and is predominantly found as trimeric holoenzymes composed of catalytic (C), scaffolding (A) and variable regulatory (B) subunits. PP2A can exist in nearly 100 different subunit combinations in mammalian cells, dictating distinct localizations, substrates and regulatory mechanisms. PP2A is well established as a regulator of cell division, growth, and differentiation, and the roles of PP2A in cancer and various neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, have been reviewed in detail. This Review summarizes and discusses recent reports on NDDs associated with mutations of PP2A subunits and PP2A-associated proteins. We also discuss the potential impact of these mutations on the structure and function of the PP2A holoenzymes and the etiology of NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sandal
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, and Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Chian Ju Jong
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, and Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Ronald A Merrill
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, and Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Jianing Song
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, and Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Stefan Strack
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, and Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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The Multifaceted Roles of Zinc in Neuronal Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050489. [PMID: 33946782 PMCID: PMC8145363 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is a highly abundant cation in the brain, essential for cellular functions, including transcription, enzymatic activity, and cell signaling. However, zinc can also trigger injurious cascades in neurons, contributing to the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondria, critical for meeting the high energy demands of the central nervous system (CNS), are a principal target of the deleterious actions of zinc. An increasing body of work suggests that intracellular zinc can, under certain circumstances, contribute to neuronal damage by inhibiting mitochondrial energy processes, including dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), leading to ATP depletion. Additional consequences of zinc-mediated mitochondrial damage include reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial permeability transition, and excitotoxic calcium deregulation. Zinc can also induce mitochondrial fission, resulting in mitochondrial fragmentation, as well as inhibition of mitochondrial motility. Here, we review the known mechanisms responsible for the deleterious actions of zinc on the organelle, within the context of neuronal injury associated with neurodegenerative processes. Elucidating the critical contributions of zinc-induced mitochondrial defects to neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration may provide insight into novel therapeutic targets in the clinical setting.
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Carinci M, Vezzani B, Patergnani S, Ludewig P, Lessmann K, Magnus T, Casetta I, Pugliatti M, Pinton P, Giorgi C. Different Roles of Mitochondria in Cell Death and Inflammation: Focusing on Mitochondrial Quality Control in Ischemic Stroke and Reperfusion. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020169. [PMID: 33572080 PMCID: PMC7914955 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunctions are among the main hallmarks of several brain diseases, including ischemic stroke. An insufficient supply of oxygen and glucose in brain cells, primarily neurons, triggers a cascade of events in which mitochondria are the leading characters. Mitochondrial calcium overload, reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening, and damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) release place mitochondria in the center of an intricate series of chance interactions. Depending on the degree to which mitochondria are affected, they promote different pathways, ranging from inflammatory response pathways to cell death pathways. In this review, we will explore the principal mitochondrial molecular mechanisms compromised during ischemic and reperfusion injury, and we will delineate potential neuroprotective strategies targeting mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Carinci
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.C.); (B.V.); (S.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Bianca Vezzani
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.C.); (B.V.); (S.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Simone Patergnani
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.C.); (B.V.); (S.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Peter Ludewig
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (P.L.); (K.L.); (T.M.)
| | - Katrin Lessmann
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (P.L.); (K.L.); (T.M.)
| | - Tim Magnus
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (P.L.); (K.L.); (T.M.)
| | - Ilaria Casetta
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (I.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Maura Pugliatti
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (I.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.C.); (B.V.); (S.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.C.); (B.V.); (S.P.); (P.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Yang S, Hu B, Wang Z, Zhang C, Jiao H, Mao Z, Wei L, Jia J, Zhao J. Cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonist ACEA alleviates brain ischemia/reperfusion injury via CB1-Drp1 pathway. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:102. [PMID: 33083022 PMCID: PMC7548964 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-00338-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor induces neuroprotection against brain ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI); however, the mechanism is still unknown. In this study, we used oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-induced injury in neuronal cells and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-induced brain IRI in rats to mimic ischemic brain injury, and hypothesized that the CB1 receptor agonist arachidonyl-2-chloroethylamide (ACEA) would protect ischemic neurons by inhibiting mitochondrial fission via dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1). We found that OGD/R injury reduced cell viability and mitochondrial function, increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and increased cell apoptosis, and mitochondrial fission. Notably, ACEA significantly abolished the OGD/R-induced neuronal injuries described above. Similarly, ACEA significantly reversed MCAO-induced increases in brain infarct volume, neuronal apoptosis and mitochondrial fission, leading to the recovery of neurological functions. The neuroprotective effects of ACEA were obviously blocked by coadministration of the CB1 receptor antagonist AM251 or by the upregulation of Drp1 expression, indicating that ACEA alleviates brain IRI via the CB1-Drp1 pathway. Our findings suggest that the CB1 receptor links aberrant mitochondrial fission to brain IRI, providing a new therapeutic target for brain IRI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zongming Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changming Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haosen Jiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liguang Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second People’s Hospital of Qinzhou City, Qinzhou, China
| | - Ji Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingling Zhao
- Department of Burns, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Ma H, Guo Z, Gai C, Cheng C, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Yang L, Feng W, Gao Y, Sun H. Protective effects of Buyinqianzheng Formula on mitochondrial morphology by PINK1/Parkin pathway in SH-SY5Y cells induced by MPP+. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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