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Gönner L, Baeuchl C, Glöckner F, Riedel P, Smolka MN, Li SC. Levodopa suppresses grid-like activity and impairs spatial learning in novel environments in healthy young adults. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:11247-11256. [PMID: 37782941 PMCID: PMC10690865 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulated evidence from animal studies suggests a role for the neuromodulator dopamine in memory processes, particularly under conditions of novelty or reward. Our understanding of how dopaminergic modulation impacts spatial representations and spatial memory in humans remains limited. Recent evidence suggests age-specific regulation effects of dopamine pharmacology on activity in the medial temporal lobe, a key region for spatial memory. To which degree this modulation affects spatially patterned medial temporal representations remains unclear. We reanalyzed recent data from a pharmacological dopamine challenge during functional brain imaging combined with a virtual object-location memory paradigm to assess the effect of Levodopa, a dopamine precursor, on grid-like activity in the entorhinal cortex. We found that Levodopa impaired grid cell-like representations in a sample of young adults (n = 55, age = 26-35 years) in a novel environment, accompanied by reduced spatial memory performance. We observed no such impairment when Levodopa was delivered to participants who had prior experience with the task. These results are consistent with a role of dopamine in modulating the encoding of novel spatial experiences. Our results suggest that dopamine signaling may play a larger role in shaping ongoing spatial representations than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz Gönner
- Faculty of Psychology, Chair of Lifespan Developmental Neuroscience, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Baeuchl
- Faculty of Psychology, Chair of Lifespan Developmental Neuroscience, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Franka Glöckner
- Faculty of Psychology, Chair of Lifespan Developmental Neuroscience, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Philipp Riedel
- Department of Psychiatry, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Shu-Chen Li
- Faculty of Psychology, Chair of Lifespan Developmental Neuroscience, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Centre for Tactile Internet With Human-in-the-Loop, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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2
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Rocchetti J, Fasano C, Dal-Bo G, Guma E, El Mestikawy S, Wong TP, Fakhfouri G, Giros B. Persistent extrasynaptic hyperdopaminergia in the mouse hippocampus induces plasticity and recognition memory deficits reversed by the atypical antipsychotic sulpiride. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289770. [PMID: 37624765 PMCID: PMC10456148 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that subcortical hyperdopaminergia alters cognitive function in schizophrenia and antipsychotic drugs (APD) fail at rescuing cognitive deficits in patients. In a previous study, we showed that blocking D2 dopamine receptors (D2R), a core action of APD, led to profound reshaping of mesohippocampal fibers, deficits in synaptic transmission and impairments in learning and memory in the mouse hippocampus (HP). However, it is currently unknown how excessive dopamine affects HP-related cognitive functions, and how APD would impact HP functions in such a state. After verifying the presence of DAT-positive neuronal projections in the ventral (temporal), but not in the dorsal (septal), part of the HP, GBR12935, a blocker of dopamine transporter (DAT), was infused in the CA1 of adult C57Bl/6 mice to produce local hyperdopaminergia. Chronic GBR12935 infusion in temporal CA1 induced a mild learning impairment in the Morris Water Maze and abolished long-term recognition memory in novel-object (NORT) and object-place recognition tasks (OPRT). Deficits were accompanied by a significant decrease in DAT+ mesohippocampal fibers. Intrahippocampal or systemic treatment with sulpiride during GBR infusions improved the NORT deficit but not that of OPRT. In vitro application of GBR on hippocampal slices abolished long-term depression (LTD) of fEPSP in temporal CA1. LTD was rescued by co-application with sulpiride. In conclusion, chronic DAT blockade in temporal CA1 profoundly altered mesohippocampal modulation of hippocampal functions. Contrary to previous observations in normodopaminergic mice, antagonising D2Rs was beneficial for cognitive functions in the context of hippocampal hyperdopaminergia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Rocchetti
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital, Mc Gill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Caroline Fasano
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital, Mc Gill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Gregory Dal-Bo
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital, Mc Gill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Elisa Guma
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital, Mc Gill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Salah El Mestikawy
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital, Mc Gill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, NPS – IBPS, Paris, France
| | - Tak-Pan Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital, Mc Gill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Gohar Fakhfouri
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital, Mc Gill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Bruno Giros
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital, Mc Gill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Université Paris-Cité, INCC UMR 8002, CNRS, Paris, France
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3
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Tsetsenis T, Broussard JI, Dani JA. Dopaminergic regulation of hippocampal plasticity, learning, and memory. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 16:1092420. [PMID: 36778837 PMCID: PMC9911454 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1092420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is responsible for encoding behavioral episodes into short-term and long-term memory. The circuits that mediate these processes are subject to neuromodulation, which involves regulation of synaptic plasticity and local neuronal excitability. In this review, we present evidence to demonstrate the influence of dopaminergic neuromodulation on hippocampus-dependent memory, and we address the controversy surrounding the source of dopamine innervation. First, we summarize historical and recent retrograde and anterograde anatomical tracing studies of direct dopaminergic projections from the ventral tegmental area and discuss dopamine release from the adrenergic locus coeruleus. Then, we present evidence of dopaminergic modulation of synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. Plasticity mechanisms are examined in brain slices and in recordings from in vivo neuronal populations in freely moving rodents. Finally, we review pharmacological, genetic, and circuitry research that demonstrates the importance of dopamine release for learning and memory tasks while dissociating anatomically distinct populations of direct dopaminergic inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Tsetsenis
- Department of Neuroscience, Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States,*Correspondence: Theodoros Tsetsenis John I. Broussard John A. Dani
| | - John I. Broussard
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, UT Health Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States,*Correspondence: Theodoros Tsetsenis John I. Broussard John A. Dani
| | - John A. Dani
- Department of Neuroscience, Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States,*Correspondence: Theodoros Tsetsenis John I. Broussard John A. Dani
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4
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Park AJ. Novelty selectively permits learning-associated plasticity in ventral tegmental-hippocampal-prefrontal circuitry. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 16:1091082. [PMID: 36699657 PMCID: PMC9868659 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1091082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Modifying established behavior in novel situations is essential, and patients with neuropsychiatric disorders often lack this flexibility. Understanding how novelty affects behavioral flexibility therefore has therapeutic potential. Here, novelty differentially impacts connectivity within the ventral tegmental-hippocampal-medial prefrontal (VTA-HPC-mPFC) circuit, thereby enhancing the ability of mice to overcome established behavioral bias and adapt to new rules. Circuit connectivity was measured by local field potential (LFP) coherence. As mice exposed to novelty learned to overcome previously established spatial bias, the ventral HPC (vHPC) strengthens its coherence with the VTA and mPFC in theta frequency (4-8 Hz). Novelty or learning did not affect circuits involving the dorsal HPC (dHPC). Without novelty, however, mice continued following established spatial bias and connectivity strength remained stable in the VTA-HPC-mPFC circuit. Pharmacologically blocking dopamine D1-receptors (D1Rs) in the vHPC abolished the behavioral and physiological impacts of novelty. Thus, novelty promotes behavioral adaptation by permitting learning-associated plasticity in the vHPC-mPFC and VTA-vHPC circuit, a process mediated by D1Rs in the vHPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Jung Park
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,The Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute at Columbia University, New York, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Alan Jung Park,
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5
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Lehr AB, Luboeinski J, Tetzlaff C. Neuromodulator-dependent synaptic tagging and capture retroactively controls neural coding in spiking neural networks. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17772. [PMID: 36273097 PMCID: PMC9588040 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22430-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Events that are important to an individual's life trigger neuromodulator release in brain areas responsible for cognitive and behavioral function. While it is well known that the presence of neuromodulators such as dopamine and norepinephrine is required for memory consolidation, the impact of neuromodulator concentration is, however, less understood. In a recurrent spiking neural network model featuring neuromodulator-dependent synaptic tagging and capture, we study how synaptic memory consolidation depends on the amount of neuromodulator present in the minutes to hours after learning. We find that the storage of rate-based and spike timing-based information is controlled by the level of neuromodulation. Specifically, we find better recall of temporal information for high levels of neuromodulation, while we find better recall of rate-coded spatial patterns for lower neuromodulation, mediated by the selection of different groups of synapses for consolidation. Hence, our results indicate that in minutes to hours after learning, the level of neuromodulation may alter the process of synaptic consolidation to ultimately control which type of information becomes consolidated in the recurrent neural network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B. Lehr
- grid.7450.60000 0001 2364 4210Department of Computational Neuroscience, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany ,grid.7450.60000 0001 2364 4210Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany ,grid.7450.60000 0001 2364 4210Department of Computational Synaptic Physiology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jannik Luboeinski
- grid.7450.60000 0001 2364 4210Department of Computational Neuroscience, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany ,grid.7450.60000 0001 2364 4210Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany ,grid.7450.60000 0001 2364 4210Department of Computational Synaptic Physiology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Tetzlaff
- grid.7450.60000 0001 2364 4210Department of Computational Neuroscience, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany ,grid.7450.60000 0001 2364 4210Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany ,grid.7450.60000 0001 2364 4210Department of Computational Synaptic Physiology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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6
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Harris KL, Mason SL, Vallin B, Barker RA. Reduced expression of dopamine D2 receptors on astrocytes in R6/1 HD mice and HD post-mortem tissue. Neurosci Lett 2022; 767:136289. [PMID: 34637857 PMCID: PMC9188264 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of the central dopaminergic system is thought to contribute to some of the clinical features of Huntington's disease (HD), and dopamine (DA) receptor antagonists are commonly used to good effect in its treatment. It is well established that there is an early significant reduction in neuronal D2 receptors in HD, considered to be a compensatory response to increased dopaminergic activity. However, no studies have examined the expression of D2 receptors on astrocytes which is important given that these cells have been shown to play a role in the pathogenesis of HD, as well as express dopamine receptors and modulate DA homeostasis in the normal brain. We therefore sought to investigate the expression of D2 receptors on astrocytes in HD, and found them to be reduced in both the R6/1 HD mouse model, and in human post-mortem brain in comparison to controls, suggesting that astrocytes may be important in DA-dependent aspects of HD. Further studies are needed to determine the functional significance of this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate L Harris
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Trumpington, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
| | - Sarah L Mason
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, E.D. Adrian Building, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Benjamin Vallin
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, E.D. Adrian Building, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Roger A Barker
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, E.D. Adrian Building, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK; MRC-WT Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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7
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Reset of hippocampal-prefrontal circuitry facilitates learning. Nature 2021; 591:615-619. [PMID: 33627872 PMCID: PMC7990705 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03272-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The ability to rapidly adapt to novel situations is essential for survival, and this flexibility is impaired in many neuropsychiatric disorders1. Thus, understanding whether and how novelty prepares, or primes, brain circuitry to facilitate cognitive flexibility has important translational relevance. Exposure to novelty recruits the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)2 and may prime hippocampal-prefrontal circuitry for subsequent learning-associated plasticity. Here we show that novelty resets the neural circuits that link the ventral hippocampus (vHPC) and the mPFC, facilitating the ability to overcome an established strategy. Exposing mice to novelty disrupted a previously encoded strategy by reorganizing vHPC activity to local theta (4-12 Hz) oscillations and weakening existing vHPC-mPFC connectivity. As mice subsequently adapted to a new task, vHPC neurons developed new task-associated activity, vHPC-mPFC connectivity was strengthened, and mPFC neurons updated to encode the new rules. Without novelty, however, mice adhered to their established strategy. Blocking dopamine D1 receptors (D1Rs) or inhibiting novelty-tagged cells that express D1Rs in the vHPC prevented these behavioural and physiological effects of novelty. Furthermore, activation of D1Rs mimicked the effects of novelty. These results suggest that novelty promotes adaptive learning by D1R-mediated resetting of vHPC-mPFC circuitry, thereby enabling subsequent learning-associated circuit plasticity.
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8
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Kaefer K, Malagon-Vina H, Dickerson DD, O'Neill J, Trossbach SV, Korth C, Csicsvari J. Disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 overexpression disrupts hippocampal coding and oscillatory synchronization. Hippocampus 2019; 29:802-816. [PMID: 30723982 PMCID: PMC6767395 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant proteostasis of protein aggregation may lead to behavior disorders including chronic mental illnesses (CMI). Furthermore, the neuronal activity alterations that underlie CMI are not well understood. We recorded the local field potential and single‐unit activity of the hippocampal CA1 region in vivo in rats transgenically overexpressing the Disrupted‐in‐Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) gene (tgDISC1), modeling sporadic CMI. These tgDISC1 rats have previously been shown to exhibit DISC1 protein aggregation, disturbances in the dopaminergic system and attention‐related deficits. Recordings were performed during exploration of familiar and novel open field environments and during sleep, allowing investigation of neuronal abnormalities in unconstrained behavior. Compared to controls, tgDISC1 place cells exhibited smaller place fields and decreased speed‐modulation of their firing rates, demonstrating altered spatial coding and deficits in encoding location‐independent sensory inputs. Oscillation analyses showed that tgDISC1 pyramidal neurons had higher theta phase locking strength during novelty, limiting their phase coding ability. However, their mean theta phases were more variable at the population level, reducing oscillatory network synchronization. Finally, tgDISC1 pyramidal neurons showed a lack of novelty‐induced shift in their preferred theta and gamma firing phases, indicating deficits in coding of novel environments with oscillatory firing. By combining single cell and neuronal population analyses, we link DISC1 protein pathology with abnormal hippocampal neural coding and network synchrony, and thereby gain a more comprehensive understanding of CMI mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karola Kaefer
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Hugo Malagon-Vina
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Desiree D Dickerson
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Joseph O'Neill
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, 70 Park Place, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Svenja V Trossbach
- Department Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Carsten Korth
- Department Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jozsef Csicsvari
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, Klosterneuburg, Austria
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9
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Zannone S, Brzosko Z, Paulsen O, Clopath C. Acetylcholine-modulated plasticity in reward-driven navigation: a computational study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9486. [PMID: 29930322 PMCID: PMC6013476 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27393-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromodulation plays a fundamental role in the acquisition of new behaviours. In previous experimental work, we showed that acetylcholine biases hippocampal synaptic plasticity towards depression, and the subsequent application of dopamine can retroactively convert depression into potentiation. We also demonstrated that incorporating this sequentially neuromodulated Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity (STDP) rule in a network model of navigation yields effective learning of changing reward locations. Here, we employ computational modelling to further characterize the effects of cholinergic depression on behaviour. We find that acetylcholine, by allowing learning from negative outcomes, enhances exploration over the action space. We show that this results in a variety of effects, depending on the structure of the model, the environment and the task. Interestingly, sequentially neuromodulated STDP also yields flexible learning, surpassing the performance of other reward-modulated plasticity rules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zannone
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zuzanna Brzosko
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Physiological Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ole Paulsen
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Physiological Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Clopath
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom.
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10
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Okubo T, Sato A, Okamoto H, Sato T, Sasaoka T. Differential behavioral phenotypes of dopamine D1 receptor knockdown mice at the embryonic, postnatal, and adult stages. Int J Dev Neurosci 2017; 66:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Okubo
- Department of Laboratory Animal ScienceKitasato University School of MedicineSagamihara252‐0374Japan
| | - Asako Sato
- Department of Laboratory Animal ScienceKitasato University School of MedicineSagamihara252‐0374Japan
- Department of AnesthesiologyKitasato University School of MedicineSagamihara252‐0374Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Okamoto
- Department of AnesthesiologyKitasato University School of MedicineSagamihara252‐0374Japan
| | - Toshiya Sato
- Department of Laboratory Animal ScienceKitasato University School of MedicineSagamihara252‐0374Japan
| | - Toshikuni Sasaoka
- Department of Laboratory Animal ScienceKitasato University School of MedicineSagamihara252‐0374Japan
- Department of Comparative and Experimental MedicineBrain Research Institute, Niigata UniversityNiigata951‐8585Japan
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11
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Syed F, Awasthi KK, Chandravanshi LP, Verma R, Rajawat NK, Khanna VK, John PJ, Soni I. Bifenthrin-induced neurotoxicity in rats: involvement of oxidative stress. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2017; 7:48-58. [PMID: 30090562 DOI: 10.1039/c7tx00205j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive use of synthetic pyrethroids has resulted in serious human health issues. Induction of oxidative stress is an important mechanism of action of most pesticides including pyrethroids. In the present study, we have elucidated the possible role of oxidative stress in bifenthrin-induced neurotoxicity. Adult male Wistar rats were administered bifenthrin (3.5 and 7 mg per kg body weight p.o.) for 30 days. Behavioral studies were conducted on a set of randomly selected rats from each treatment group after completion of treatment. Neurochemical parameters were assessed 24 h after the last dose was administered. The selected behavioral and neurochemical endpoints were also assessed 15 days after cessation of exposure to reveal whether the neurobehavioral changes produced by bifenthrin were temporary or permanent. Deficits in motor activity, motor incoordination, and cognitive impairment were observed after exposure to bifenthrin. Levels of biogenic amines viz. dopamine (DA) and its metabolites, i.e. 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA), epinephrine (EPN), norepinephrine (NE), and serotonin (5-HT) altered in the frontal cortex, corpus striatum, and hippocampus of bifenthrin-treated rats. A decrease in the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) occurred in all regions of the brain. Both doses of bifenthrin significantly induced lipid peroxidation (LPO) and increased protein carbonyl levels in the frontal cortex, corpus striatum, and hippocampus of rats. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, i.e. catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase, were also suppressed in all selected regions of the brain. A trend of recovery was, however, observed in all the behavioral and neurochemical endpoints 15 days after withdrawal of exposure. Oxidative stress seems to play an important role in bifenthrin-induced neurotoxicity. Our study suggests that long-term exposure to these compounds can produce detrimental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Syed
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory , Department of Zoology , University of Rajasthan , Jaipur , 302004 , India . ; ; Tel: +91-9413344957.,Department of Zoology , Kanoria PG Mahila Mahavidyalaya , Jaipur , 302004 , India
| | - Kumud K Awasthi
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory , Department of Zoology , University of Rajasthan , Jaipur , 302004 , India . ; ; Tel: +91-9413344957.,National Institute of Animal Welfare , Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate Change , Ballabhgarh-121004 , India
| | - Lalit P Chandravanshi
- CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research , Post Box 80 , MG Marg , Lucknow , 226001 , India.,Biochemistry Section , Department of Zoology , Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi , 221005 , India
| | - Rajbala Verma
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory , Department of Zoology , University of Rajasthan , Jaipur , 302004 , India . ; ; Tel: +91-9413344957
| | - Neelu K Rajawat
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory , Department of Zoology , University of Rajasthan , Jaipur , 302004 , India . ; ; Tel: +91-9413344957
| | - Vinay K Khanna
- CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research , Post Box 80 , MG Marg , Lucknow , 226001 , India
| | - P J John
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory , Department of Zoology , University of Rajasthan , Jaipur , 302004 , India . ; ; Tel: +91-9413344957
| | - Inderpal Soni
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory , Department of Zoology , University of Rajasthan , Jaipur , 302004 , India . ; ; Tel: +91-9413344957
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12
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Place field assembly distribution encodes preferred locations. PLoS Biol 2017; 15:e2002365. [PMID: 28898248 PMCID: PMC5609775 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2002365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is the main locus of episodic memory formation and the neurons there encode the spatial map of the environment. Hippocampal place cells represent location, but their role in the learning of preferential location remains unclear. The hippocampus may encode locations independently from the stimuli and events that are associated with these locations. We have discovered a unique population code for the experience-dependent value of the context. The degree of reward-driven navigation preference highly correlates with the spatial distribution of the place fields recorded in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. We show place field clustering towards rewarded locations. Optogenetic manipulation of the ventral tegmental area demonstrates that the experience-dependent place field assembly distribution is directed by tegmental dopaminergic activity. The ability of the place cells to remap parallels the acquisition of reward context. Our findings present key evidence that the hippocampal neurons are not merely mapping the static environment but also store the concurrent context reward value, enabling episodic memory for past experience to support future adaptive behavior. Episodic memories relate positive or negative experiences to environmental context. The neurophysiological mechanisms of this connection, however, remain unknown. Hippocampal place cells represent location, but it is unclear if they encode only the spatial representation of the environment or if they are also processing information about the reward valence for different locations. Here, we use population analysis to test the hypothesis that the place cells process the dual encoding of spatial representation and experience-dependent reward expectation. We show a unique population code for the experience-dependent value of the context. We present evidence that the accumulation of the place fields mediates the learning of the reward context of the environment. Our data reveal that the causal link between place field distribution and behavioral place preference is mediated by the tegmental dopaminergic activity. Optogenetic control of the ventral tegmental area demonstrates that dopaminergic signaling integrates the encoding of location and reward from hippocampal neurons. These findings shed a new light on the ability of hippocampal neurons to store the experience-dependent context reward value, enabling episodic memory for past experience to support future adaptive behavior.
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13
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Moreno-Castilla P, Pérez-Ortega R, Violante-Soria V, Balderas I, Bermúdez-Rattoni F. Hippocampal release of dopamine and norepinephrine encodes novel contextual information. Hippocampus 2017; 27:547-557. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Perla Moreno-Castilla
- Departamento de Neurociencia Cognitiva, División de Neurociencias; Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México D.F. México
| | - Rodrigo Pérez-Ortega
- Departamento de Neurociencia Cognitiva, División de Neurociencias; Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México D.F. México
| | - Valeria Violante-Soria
- Departamento de Neurociencia Cognitiva, División de Neurociencias; Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México D.F. México
| | - Israela Balderas
- Departamento de Neurociencia Cognitiva, División de Neurociencias; Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México D.F. México
| | - Federico Bermúdez-Rattoni
- Departamento de Neurociencia Cognitiva, División de Neurociencias; Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México D.F. México
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Nagatomo K, Suga S, Saitoh M, Kogawa M, Kobayashi K, Yamamoto Y, Yamada K. Dopamine D1 Receptor Immunoreactivity on Fine Processes of GFAP-Positive Astrocytes in the Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata of Adult Mouse. Front Neuroanat 2017; 11:3. [PMID: 28203148 PMCID: PMC5285371 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2017.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), the major output nucleus of the basal ganglia, receives dopamine from dendrites extending from dopaminergic neurons of the adjacent nucleus pars compacta (SNc), which is known for its selective degeneration in Parkinson's disease. As a recipient for dendritically released dopamine, the dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) is a primary candidate due to its very dense immunoreactivity in the SNr. However, the precise location of D1R remains unclear at the cellular level in the SNr except for that reported on axons/axon terminals of presumably striatal GABAergic neurons. To address this, we used D1R promotor-controlled, mVenus-expressing transgenic mice. When cells were acutely dissociated from SNr of mouse brain, prominent mVenus fluorescence was detected in fine processes of glia-like cells, but no such fluorescence was detected from neurons in the same preparation, except for the synaptic bouton-like structure on the neurons. Double immunolabeling of SNr cells dissociated from adult wild-type mice brain further revealed marked D1R immunoreactivity in the processes of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive astrocytes. Such D1R imunoreactivity was significantly stronger in the SNr astrocytes than that in those of the visual cortex in the same preparation. Interestingly, GFAP-positive astrocytes dissociated from the striatum demonstrated D1R immunoreactivity, either remarkable or minimal, similarly to that shown in neurons in this nucleus. In contrast, in the SNr and visual cortex, only weak D1R immunoreactivity was detected in the neurons tested. These results suggest that the SNr astrocyte may be a candidate recipient for dendritically released dopamine. Further study is required to fully elucidate the physiological roles of divergent dopamine receptor immunoreactivity profiles in GFAP-positive astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiro Nagatomo
- Department of Physiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Aomori, Japan
| | - Sechiko Suga
- Department of Physiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineAomori, Japan; Department of Emergency Medical Technology, Hirosaki University of Health and WelfareAomori, Japan
| | - Masato Saitoh
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University Iwate, Japan
| | - Masahito Kogawa
- Department of Physiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Aomori, Japan
| | - Kazuto Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yoshio Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University Iwate, Japan
| | - Katsuya Yamada
- Department of Physiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Aomori, Japan
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15
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Fakira AK, Massaly N, Cohensedgh O, Berman A, Morón JA. Morphine-Associated Contextual Cues Induce Structural Plasticity in Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Neurons. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:2668-78. [PMID: 27170097 PMCID: PMC5026734 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In people with a prior history of opioid misuse, cues associated with previous drug intake can trigger relapse even after years of abstinence. Examining the processes that lead to the formation and maintenance of the memories between cues/context and the opioid may help to discover new therapeutic candidates to treat drug-seeking behavior. The hippocampus is a brain region essential for learning and memory, which has been involved in the mechanisms underlying opioid cravings. The formation of memories and associations are thought to be dependent on synaptic strengthening associated with structural plasticity of dendritic spines. Here, we assess how dendritic spines in the CA1 region of the hippocampus are affected by morphine-conditioning training. Our results show that morphine pairing with environmental cues (ie, the conditioned place preference (CPP) apparatus) triggers a significant decrease in the number of thin dendritic spines in the hippocampus. Interestingly, this effect was observed regardless of the expression of a conditioned response when mice were trained using an unpaired morphine CPP design and was absent when morphine was administered in the home cage. To investigate the mechanism underlying this structural plasticity, we examined the role of Rho GTPase in dendritic spine remodeling. We found that synaptic expression of RhoA increased with morphine conditioning and blocking RhoA signaling prevented the expression of morphine-induced CPP. Our findings uncover novel mechanisms in response to morphine-associated environmental cues and the underlying alterations in spine plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Fakira
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicolas Massaly
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Omid Cohensedgh
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexandra Berman
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jose A Morón
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA,Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University Pain Center, St Louis, MO 63110, USA, Tel: +1 314 362 0078 or +1 314 362 8565, E-mail:
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16
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Naderi M, Jamwal A, Ferrari MCO, Niyogi S, Chivers DP. Dopamine receptors participate in acquisition and consolidation of latent learning of spatial information in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 67:21-30. [PMID: 26772761 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is growing appreciation that various aspects of learning and memory are strongly influenced by dopamine neurotransmission, and that zebrafish hold particular promise in the study of neurotransmitter systems. In this study, we sought to investigate the effect of dopamine receptors on acquisition and consolidation of memory in zebrafish using a latent learning paradigm. To this end, fish were subjected to a 30 min training trial each day for 16 days during which fish were allowed to freely explore a complex maze with the left or right path blocked and without the presence of a reward. During 16 days fish were treated with dopaminergic agonists (apomorphine, SKF-38393, and quinpirole) and antagonists (SCH-23390 and eticlopride) before or after training trials. To assess cognitive performance of fish, a subsequent probe trial was performed on day 17 while all paths leading to a reward chamber were open and the maze now contained stimulus fish as a reward. Pre- and post-training exposure to apomorphine, SKF-38393, and quinpirole significantly impaired learning and memory in fish. In contrast, fish exposed to eticlopride before and after training exhibited improved performance in a latent learning task. Administration of SCH-23390 before training did not affect zebrafish learning ability, but produced significant memory enhancement when given after training trials. Taken together, these findings are the first indications that D1 and D2 receptors are critically involved in acquisition and consolidation of latent learning in zebrafish, with a more prominent role for D2 receptors. The current study opens the door to future studies to investigate the involvement of dopamine receptors in various aspects of cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Naderi
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada.
| | - Ankur Jamwal
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Maud C O Ferrari
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Som Niyogi
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Douglas P Chivers
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
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17
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Silkis IG. The contribution of dopamine to the functioning of the hippocampus during spatial learning (a hypothetical mechanism). NEUROCHEM J+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s181971241601013x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Tsuneki H, Nagata T, Fujita M, Kon K, Wu N, Takatsuki M, Yamaguchi K, Wada T, Nishijo H, Yanagisawa M, Sakurai T, Sasaoka T. Nighttime Administration of Nicotine Improves Hepatic Glucose Metabolism via the Hypothalamic Orexin System in Mice. Endocrinology 2016; 157:195-206. [PMID: 26492471 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine is known to affect the metabolism of glucose; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, we here investigated whether nicotine promoted the central regulation of glucose metabolism, which is closely linked to the circadian system. The oral intake of nicotine in drinking water, which mainly occurred during the nighttime active period, enhanced daily hypothalamic prepro-orexin gene expression and reduced hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic db/db mice without affecting body weight, body fat content, and serum levels of insulin. Nicotine administered at the active period appears to be responsible for the effect on blood glucose, because nighttime but not daytime injections of nicotine lowered blood glucose levels in db/db mice. The chronic oral treatment with nicotine suppressed the mRNA levels of glucose-6-phosphatase, the rate-limiting enzyme of gluconeogenesis, in the liver of db/db and wild-type control mice. In the pyruvate tolerance test to evaluate hepatic gluconeogenic activity, the oral nicotine treatment moderately suppressed glucose elevations in normal mice and mice lacking dopamine receptors, whereas this effect was abolished in orexin-deficient mice and hepatic parasympathectomized mice. Under high-fat diet conditions, the oral intake of nicotine lowered blood glucose levels at the daytime resting period in wild-type, but not orexin-deficient, mice. These results indicated that the chronic daily administration of nicotine suppressed hepatic gluconeogenesis via the hypothalamic orexin-parasympathetic nervous system. Thus, the results of the present study may provide an insight into novel chronotherapy for type 2 diabetes that targets the central cholinergic and orexinergic systems.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Crosses, Genetic
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Drug Chronotherapy
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Gluconeogenesis/drug effects
- Hyperglycemia/prevention & control
- Hypoglycemic Agents/administration & dosage
- Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
- Hypothalamus/drug effects
- Hypothalamus/metabolism
- Insulin Resistance
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Nicotine/administration & dosage
- Nicotine/therapeutic use
- Nicotinic Agonists/administration & dosage
- Nicotinic Agonists/therapeutic use
- Obesity/complications
- Obesity/etiology
- Orexins/agonists
- Orexins/genetics
- Orexins/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/genetics
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/genetics
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tsuneki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology (H.T., T.N., M.F., K.K., N.W., M.T., K.Y., T.W., T.Sas.) and System Emotional Science (H.N.), University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS) (M.Y.), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; Department of Molecular Genetics (M.Y.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; and Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Integrative Physiology (T.Sak.), Faculty of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagata
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology (H.T., T.N., M.F., K.K., N.W., M.T., K.Y., T.W., T.Sas.) and System Emotional Science (H.N.), University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS) (M.Y.), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; Department of Molecular Genetics (M.Y.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; and Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Integrative Physiology (T.Sak.), Faculty of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Mikio Fujita
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology (H.T., T.N., M.F., K.K., N.W., M.T., K.Y., T.W., T.Sas.) and System Emotional Science (H.N.), University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS) (M.Y.), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; Department of Molecular Genetics (M.Y.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; and Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Integrative Physiology (T.Sak.), Faculty of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Kanta Kon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology (H.T., T.N., M.F., K.K., N.W., M.T., K.Y., T.W., T.Sas.) and System Emotional Science (H.N.), University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS) (M.Y.), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; Department of Molecular Genetics (M.Y.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; and Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Integrative Physiology (T.Sak.), Faculty of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Naizhen Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology (H.T., T.N., M.F., K.K., N.W., M.T., K.Y., T.W., T.Sas.) and System Emotional Science (H.N.), University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS) (M.Y.), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; Department of Molecular Genetics (M.Y.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; and Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Integrative Physiology (T.Sak.), Faculty of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Mayumi Takatsuki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology (H.T., T.N., M.F., K.K., N.W., M.T., K.Y., T.W., T.Sas.) and System Emotional Science (H.N.), University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS) (M.Y.), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; Department of Molecular Genetics (M.Y.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; and Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Integrative Physiology (T.Sak.), Faculty of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Kaoru Yamaguchi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology (H.T., T.N., M.F., K.K., N.W., M.T., K.Y., T.W., T.Sas.) and System Emotional Science (H.N.), University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS) (M.Y.), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; Department of Molecular Genetics (M.Y.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; and Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Integrative Physiology (T.Sak.), Faculty of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Wada
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology (H.T., T.N., M.F., K.K., N.W., M.T., K.Y., T.W., T.Sas.) and System Emotional Science (H.N.), University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS) (M.Y.), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; Department of Molecular Genetics (M.Y.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; and Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Integrative Physiology (T.Sak.), Faculty of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Hisao Nishijo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology (H.T., T.N., M.F., K.K., N.W., M.T., K.Y., T.W., T.Sas.) and System Emotional Science (H.N.), University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS) (M.Y.), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; Department of Molecular Genetics (M.Y.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; and Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Integrative Physiology (T.Sak.), Faculty of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Masashi Yanagisawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology (H.T., T.N., M.F., K.K., N.W., M.T., K.Y., T.W., T.Sas.) and System Emotional Science (H.N.), University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS) (M.Y.), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; Department of Molecular Genetics (M.Y.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; and Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Integrative Physiology (T.Sak.), Faculty of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sakurai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology (H.T., T.N., M.F., K.K., N.W., M.T., K.Y., T.W., T.Sas.) and System Emotional Science (H.N.), University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS) (M.Y.), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; Department of Molecular Genetics (M.Y.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; and Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Integrative Physiology (T.Sak.), Faculty of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Sasaoka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology (H.T., T.N., M.F., K.K., N.W., M.T., K.Y., T.W., T.Sas.) and System Emotional Science (H.N.), University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS) (M.Y.), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; Department of Molecular Genetics (M.Y.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; and Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Integrative Physiology (T.Sak.), Faculty of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
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19
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Ghaderi S, Tabatabaei SRF, Varzi HN, Rashno M. Induced adverse effects of prenatal exposure to silver nanoparticles on neurobehavioral development of offspring of mice. J Toxicol Sci 2015; 40:263-75. [PMID: 25786530 DOI: 10.2131/jts.40.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Steadily increased use of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), has increased the amount of its exposure to humans and animals. Current scarce knowledge about the influences of prenatal exposure to Ag-NPs on postnatal outcomes, motivated us to investigate whether being exposed to it during pregnancy has any effects on neurobehavioral development of the adult offspring. Thirty virgin female NMRI mice were mated and treated subcutaneously once every three days from gestation day 3 until delivery, by 0, 0.2 and 2 mg/kg of bodyweight (BW) of Ag-NPs. Behavioral functions of adult offspring including spatial memory, passive avoidance learning, stress, anxiety-like behaviors and locomotor activities were assessed by commonly used neurobehavioral paradigms and the results were compared according to treatment and sex. Prenatal exposure to Ag-NPs significantly impaired their cognitive behavior in the Morris water maze. Although no evidence was observed indicating more anxiety-like behaviors in the treated offspring in the elevated plus maze, the number of defecations and leanings in the open field assay and number of passages in the light-dark box were greater in groups prenatally treated by Ag-NPs. Most of the impairments were more apparent in the offspring which had been prenatally exposed to high doses of Ag-NPs, particularly female ones. The present study indicated that the exposure of pregnant animals to Ag-NPs may lead to various neurobehavioral disorders in their offspring. Thus, more attention should be paid to avoid exposure to Ag-NPs, especially from pregnant females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahab Ghaderi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
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20
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Chiken S, Sato A, Ohta C, Kurokawa M, Arai S, Maeshima J, Sunayama-Morita T, Sasaoka T, Nambu A. Dopamine D1 Receptor-Mediated Transmission Maintains Information Flow Through the Cortico-Striato-Entopeduncular Direct Pathway to Release Movements. Cereb Cortex 2015; 25:4885-97. [PMID: 26443442 PMCID: PMC4635926 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the basal ganglia (BG), dopamine plays a pivotal role in motor control, and dopamine deficiency results in severe motor dysfunctions as seen in Parkinson's disease. According to the well-accepted model of the BG, dopamine activates striatal direct pathway neurons that directly project to the output nuclei of the BG through D1 receptors (D1Rs), whereas dopamine inhibits striatal indirect pathway neurons that project to the external pallidum (GPe) through D2 receptors. To clarify the exact role of dopaminergic transmission via D1Rs in vivo, we developed novel D1R knockdown mice in which D1Rs can be conditionally and reversibly regulated. Suppression of D1R expression by doxycycline treatment decreased spontaneous motor activity and impaired motor ability in the mice. Neuronal activity in the entopeduncular nucleus (EPN), one of the output nuclei of the rodent BG, was recorded in awake conditions to examine the mechanism of motor deficits. Cortically evoked inhibition in the EPN mediated by the cortico-striato-EPN direct pathway was mostly lost during suppression of D1R expression, whereas spontaneous firing rates and patterns remained unchanged. On the other hand, GPe activity changed little. These results suggest that D1R-mediated dopaminergic transmission maintains the information flow through the direct pathway to appropriately release motor actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Chiken
- Division of System Neurophysiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Asako Sato
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara 252-0374, Japan National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Chikara Ohta
- Division of System Neurophysiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Makoto Kurokawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Satoshi Arai
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara 252-0374, Japan
| | - Jun Maeshima
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara 252-0374, Japan
| | - Tomoko Sunayama-Morita
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Toshikuni Sasaoka
- School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara 252-0374, Japan National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan Department of Comparative and Experimental Medicine, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nambu
- Division of System Neurophysiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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21
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Memory trace replay: the shaping of memory consolidation by neuromodulation. Trends Neurosci 2015; 38:560-70. [PMID: 26275935 PMCID: PMC4712256 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The consolidation of memories for places and events is thought to rely, at the network level, on the replay of spatially tuned neuronal firing patterns representing discrete places and spatial trajectories. This occurs in the hippocampal-entorhinal circuit during sharp wave ripple events (SWRs) that occur during sleep or rest. Here, we review theoretical models of lingering place cell excitability and behaviorally induced synaptic plasticity within cell assemblies to explain which sequences or places are replayed. We further provide new insights into how fluctuations in cholinergic tone during different behavioral states might shape the direction of replay and how dopaminergic release in response to novelty or reward can modulate which cell assemblies are replayed.
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22
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Nakamura T, Sato A, Kitsukawa T, Sasaoka T, Yamamori T. Expression pattern of immediate early genes in the cerebellum of D1R KO, D2R KO, and wild type mice under vestibular-controlled activity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2015; 3:38. [PMID: 26137459 PMCID: PMC4469897 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2015.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported the different motor abilities of D1R knockout (KO), D2R KO and wild-type (WT) mice. To understand the interaction between the cerebellum and the striatal direct and indirect pathways, we examined the expression patterns of immediate early genes (IEG) in the cerebellum of these three genotypes of mice. In the WT naive mice, there was little IEG expression. However, we observed a robust expression of c-fos mRNA in the vermis and hemisphere after running rota-rod tasks. In the vermis, c-fos was expressed throughout the lobules except lobule 7, and also in crus 1 of the ansiform lobule (Crus1), copula of the pyramis (Cop) and most significantly in the flocculus in the hemisphere. jun-B was much less expressed but more preferentially expressed in Purkinje cells. In addition, we observed significant levels of c-fos and jun-B expressions after handling mice, and after the stationary rota-rod task in naive mice. Surprisingly, we observed significant expression of c-fos and jun-B even 30 min after single weighing. Nonetheless, certain additional c-fos and jun-B expressions were observed in three genotypes of the mice that experienced several sessions of motor tasks 24 h after stationary rota-rod task and on days 1 and 5 after rota-rod tasks, but no significant differences in expressions after the running rota-rod tasks were observed among the three genotypes. In addition, there may be some differences 24 h after the stationary rota-rod task between the naive mice and the mice that experienced several sessions of motor tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Nakamura
- Division of Brain Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology Okazaki, Japan ; Department of Basic Biology, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI) Okazaki, Japan ; KOKORO-Biology Group, Laboratories for Integrated Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University Suita, Japan
| | - Asako Sato
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, National Institute for Basic Biology Okazaki, Japan ; Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Kitasato University School of Medicine Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Takashi Kitsukawa
- Division of Brain Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology Okazaki, Japan ; KOKORO-Biology Group, Laboratories for Integrated Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University Suita, Japan
| | - Toshikuni Sasaoka
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, National Institute for Basic Biology Okazaki, Japan ; Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Kitasato University School of Medicine Sagamihara, Japan ; Department of Comparative and Experimental Medicine, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University Niigata, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Yamamori
- Division of Brain Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology Okazaki, Japan ; Department of Basic Biology, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI) Okazaki, Japan ; Laboratory of Molecular Analysis for Higher Brain Function, RIKEN Brain Science Institute Wako, Japan
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Werlen E, Jones MW. Modulating the map: dopaminergic tuning of hippocampal spatial coding and interactions. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2015; 219:187-216. [PMID: 26072240 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Salient events activate the midbrain dopaminergic system and have important impacts on various aspects of mnemonic function, including the stability of hippocampus-dependent memories. Dopamine is also central to modulation of neocortical memory processing, particularly during prefrontal cortex-dependent working memory. Here, we review the current state of the circuitry and physiology underlying dopamine's actions, suggesting that--alongside local effects within hippocampus and prefrontal cortex--dopamine released from the midbrain ventral tegmental area is well positioned to dynamically tune interactions between limbic-cortical circuits through modulation of rhythmic network activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Werlen
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, UK.
| | - Matthew W Jones
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, UK
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Nakamura T, Sato A, Kitsukawa T, Momiyama T, Yamamori T, Sasaoka T. Distinct motor impairments of dopamine D1 and D2 receptor knockout mice revealed by three types of motor behavior. Front Integr Neurosci 2014; 8:56. [PMID: 25076876 PMCID: PMC4097398 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2014.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Both D1R and D2R knock out (KO) mice of the major dopamine receptors show significant motor impairments. However, there are some discrepant reports, which may be due to the differences in genetic background and experimental procedures. In addition, only few studies directly compared the motor performance of D1R and D2R KO mice. In this paper, we examined the behavioral difference among N10 congenic D1R and D2R KO, and wild type (WT) mice. First, we examined spontaneous motor activity in the home cage environment for consecutive 5 days. Second, we examined motor performance using the rota-rod task, a standard motor task in rodents. Third, we examined motor ability with the Step-Wheel task in which mice were trained to run in a motor-driven turning wheel adjusting their steps on foothold pegs to drink water. The results showed clear differences among the mice of three genotypes in three different types of behavior. In monitoring spontaneous motor activities, D1R and D2R KO mice showed higher and lower 24 h activities, respectively, than WT mice. In the rota-rod tasks, at a low speed, D1R KO mice showed poor performance but later improved, whereas D2R KO mice showed a good performance at early days without further improvement. When first subjected to a high speed task, the D2R KO mice showed poorer rota-rod performance at a low speed than the D1R KO mice. In the Step-Wheel task, across daily sessions, D2R KO mice increased the duration that mice run sufficiently close to the spout to drink water, and decreased time to touch the floor due to missing the peg steps and number of times the wheel was stopped, which performance was much better than that of D1R KO mice. These incongruent results between the two tasks for D1R and D2R KO mice may be due to the differences in the motivation for the rota-rod and Step-Wheel tasks, aversion- and reward-driven, respectively. The Step-Wheel system may become a useful tool for assessing the motor ability of WT and mutant mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Nakamura
- Division of Brain Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology Okazaki, Japan ; Department of Basic Biology, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI) Okazaki, Japan
| | - Asako Sato
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, National Institute for Basic Biology Okazaki, Japan ; Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Kitasato University School of Medicine Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Takashi Kitsukawa
- Division of Brain Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology Okazaki, Japan ; KOKORO-Biology Group, Laboratories for Integrated Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Momiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Jikei University School of Medicine Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Yamamori
- Division of Brain Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology Okazaki, Japan ; Department of Basic Biology, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI) Okazaki, Japan
| | - Toshikuni Sasaoka
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, National Institute for Basic Biology Okazaki, Japan ; Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Kitasato University School of Medicine Sagamihara, Japan ; Department of Comparative and Experimental Medicine, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University Niigata, Japan
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Lack of dopaminergic inputs elongates the primary cilia of striatal neurons. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97918. [PMID: 24830745 PMCID: PMC4022734 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the rodent brain, certain G protein-coupled receptors and adenylyl cyclase type 3 are known to localize to the neuronal primary cilium, a primitive sensory organelle protruding singly from almost all neurons. A recent chemical screening study demonstrated that many compounds targeting dopamine receptors regulate the assembly of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii flagella, structures which are analogous to vertebrate cilia. Here we investigated the effects of dopaminergic inputs loss on the architecture of neuronal primary cilia in the rodent striatum, a brain region that receives major dopaminergic projections from the midbrain. We first analyzed the lengths of neuronal cilia in the dorsolateral striatum of hemi-parkinsonian rats with unilateral lesions of the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway. In these rats, the striatal neuronal cilia were significantly longer on the lesioned side than on the non-lesioned side. In mice, the repeated injection of reserpine, a dopamine-depleting agent, elongated neuronal cilia in the striatum. The combined administration of agonists for dopamine receptor type 2 (D2) with reserpine attenuated the elongation of striatal neuronal cilia. Repeated treatment with an antagonist of D2, but not of dopamine receptor type 1 (D1), elongated the striatal neuronal cilia. In addition, D2-null mice displayed longer neuronal cilia in the striatum compared to wild-type controls. Reserpine treatment elongated the striatal neuronal cilia in D1-null mice but not in D2-null mice. Repeated treatment with a D2 agonist suppressed the elongation of striatal neuronal cilia on the lesioned side of hemi-parkinsonian rats. These results suggest that the elongation of striatal neuronal cilia following the lack of dopaminergic inputs is attributable to the absence of dopaminergic transmission via D2 receptors. Our results provide the first evidence that the length of neuronal cilia can be modified by the lack of a neurotransmitter's input.
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Nguyen CL, Tran AH, Matsumoto J, Hori E, Uwano T, Ono T, Nishijo H. Hippocampal place cell responses to distal and proximal cue manipulations in dopamine D2 receptor-knockout mice. Brain Res 2014; 1567:13-27. [PMID: 24747614 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The human hippocampus is critical for learning and memory. In rodents, hippocampal pyramidal neurons fire in a location-specific manner and form relational representations of environmental cues. The important roles of dopaminergic D1 receptors in learning and in hippocampal neural synaptic plasticity in novel environments have been previously shown. However, the roles of D2 receptors in hippocampal neural plasticity in response to novel and familiar spatial stimuli remain unclear. In order to clarify this issue, we recorded from hippocampal neurons in dopamine D2 receptor-knockout (D2R-KO) mice and their wild-type (WT) littermates during manipulations of distinct spatial cues in familiar and novel environments. Here, we report that D2R-KO mice showed substantial deficits in place-cell properties (number of place cells, intra-field firing rates, spatial tuning, and spatial coherence). Furthermore, although place cells in D2R-KO mice responded to manipulations of distal and proximal cues in both familiar and novel environments in a manner that was similar to place cells in WT mice, place fields were less stable in the D . The axes represent the differences between the peak and the valley of each waveform of EL2 and EL3.2R-KO mice in the familiar environment, but not in the novel environment. The present results suggested that D2 receptors in the hippocampus are important for place response stability. The place-cell properties of D2R-KO mice were similar to aged animals, suggesting that the alterations of place-cell properties in aged animals might be ascribed partly to alterations in the D2R in the HF of aged animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien Le Nguyen
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Anh Hai Tran
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Jumpei Matsumoto
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Etsuro Hori
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Teruko Uwano
- Integrative Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Taketoshi Ono
- Integrative Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hisao Nishijo
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
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Hansen N, Manahan-Vaughan D. Dopamine D1/D5 receptors mediate informational saliency that promotes persistent hippocampal long-term plasticity. Cereb Cortex 2014; 24:845-58. [PMID: 23183712 PMCID: PMC3948488 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhs362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) plays an essential role in the enablement of cognition. It adds color to experience-dependent information storage, conferring salience to the memories that result. At the synaptic level, experience-dependent information storage is enabled by synaptic plasticity, and given its importance for memory formation, it is not surprising that DA comprises a key neuromodulator in the enablement of synaptic plasticity, and particularly of plasticity that persists for longer periods of time: Analogous to long-term memory. The hippocampus, that is a critical structure for the synaptic processing of semantic, episodic, spatial, and declarative memories, is specifically affected by DA, with the D1/D5 receptor proving crucial for hippocampus-dependent memory. Furthermore, D1/D5 receptors are pivotal in conferring the properties of novelty and reward to information being processed by the hippocampus. They also facilitate the expression of persistent forms of synaptic plasticity, and given reports that both long-term potentiation and long-term depression encode different aspects of spatial representations, this suggests that D1/D5 receptors can drive the nature and qualitative content of stored information in the hippocampus. In light of these observations, we propose that D1/D5 receptors gate hippocampal long-term plasticity and memory and are pivotal in conferring the properties of novelty and reward to information being processed by the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Denise Manahan-Vaughan
- Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty,Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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28
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Furuya Y, Matsumoto J, Hori E, Boas CV, Tran AH, Shimada Y, Ono T, Nishijo H. Place-related neuronal activity in the monkey parahippocampal gyrus and hippocampal formation during virtual navigation. Hippocampus 2013; 24:113-30. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Furuya
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama; Toyama Japan
- Department of Japanese Oriental Medicine; Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama; Toyama Japan
| | - Jumpei Matsumoto
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama; Toyama Japan
| | - Etsuro Hori
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama; Toyama Japan
| | - Cyrus Villas Boas
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama; Toyama Japan
| | - Anh Hai Tran
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama; Toyama Japan
| | - Yutaka Shimada
- Department of Japanese Oriental Medicine; Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama; Toyama Japan
| | - Taketoshi Ono
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama; Toyama Japan
| | - Hisao Nishijo
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama; Toyama Japan
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Maaroufi K, Had-Aissouni L, Melon C, Sakly M, Abdelmelek H, Poucet B, Save E. Spatial learning, monoamines and oxidative stress in rats exposed to 900 MHz electromagnetic field in combination with iron overload. Behav Brain Res 2013; 258:80-9. [PMID: 24144546 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The increasing use of mobile phone technology over the last decade raises concerns about the impact of high frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) on health. More recently, a link between EMF, iron overload in the brain and neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases has been suggested. Co-exposure to EMF and brain iron overload may have a greater impact on brain tissues and cognitive processes than each treatment by itself. To examine this hypothesis, Long-Evans rats submitted to 900 MHz exposure or combined 900 MHz EMF and iron overload treatments were tested in various spatial learning tasks (navigation task in the Morris water maze, working memory task in the radial-arm maze, and object exploration task involving spatial and non spatial processing). Biogenic monoamines and metabolites (dopamine, serotonin) and oxidative stress were measured. Rats exposed to EMF were impaired in the object exploration task but not in the navigation and working memory tasks. They also showed alterations of monoamine content in several brain areas but mainly in the hippocampus. Rats that received combined treatment did not show greater behavioral and neurochemical deficits than EMF-exposed rats. None of the two treatments produced global oxidative stress. These results show that there is an impact of EMF on the brain and cognitive processes but this impact is revealed only in a task exploiting spontaneous exploratory activity. In contrast, there are no synergistic effects between EMF and a high content of iron in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Maaroufi
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Federation 3C FR 3512, Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, UMR 7291, Marseille, France; Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Integrative Physiology, Jarzouna, Tunisia.
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Methamphetamine increases locomotion and dopamine transporter activity in dopamine d5 receptor-deficient mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75975. [PMID: 24155877 PMCID: PMC3796526 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine regulates the psychomotor stimulant activities of amphetamine-like substances in the brain. The effects of dopamine are mediated through five known dopamine receptor subtypes in mammals. The functional relevance of D5 dopamine receptors in the central nervous system is not well understood. To determine the functional relevance of D5 dopamine receptors, we created D5 dopamine receptor-deficient mice and then used these mice to assess the roles of D5 dopamine receptors in the behavioral response to methamphetamine. Interestingly, D5 dopamine receptor-deficient mice displayed increased ambulation in response to methamphetamine. Furthermore, dopamine transporter threonine phosphorylation levels, which regulate amphetamine-induced dopamine release, were elevated in D5 dopamine receptor-deficient mice. The increase in methamphetamine-induced locomotor activity was eliminated by pretreatment with the dopamine transporter blocker GBR12909. Taken together, these results suggest that dopamine transporter activity and threonine phosphorylation levels are regulated by D5 dopamine receptors.
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Haghparast A, Esmaeili MH, Taslimi Z, Kermani M, Yazdi-Ravandi S, Alizadeh AM. Intrahippocampal administration of D2 but not D1 dopamine receptor antagonist suppresses the expression of conditioned place preference induced by morphine in the ventral tegmental area. Neurosci Lett 2013; 541:138-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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32
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Moghadam HK, Harrison PW, Zachar G, Székely T, Mank JE. The plover neurotranscriptome assembly: transcriptomic analysis in an ecological model species without a reference genome. Mol Ecol Resour 2013; 13:696-705. [DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 02/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hooman K. Moghadam
- Institute of Marine Biology Biotechnology & Aquaculture (IMBBC) Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR) PO Box 2214 71500 Heraklion Crete Greece
| | - Peter W. Harrison
- Department of Genetics Evolution and Environment University College London The Darwin Building Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Gergely Zachar
- Department of Anatomy Histology and Embryology Semmelweis University Budapest H‐1094 Hungary
| | - Tamás Székely
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry University of Bath Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | - Judith E. Mank
- Department of Genetics Evolution and Environment University College London The Darwin Building Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK
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Esmaeili MH, Kermani M, Parvishan A, Haghparast A. Role of D1/D2 dopamine receptors in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus in the rewarding effects of morphine administered into the ventral tegmental area. Behav Brain Res 2012; 231:111-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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The role of metaplasticity mechanisms in regulating memory destabilization and reconsolidation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2012; 36:1667-707. [PMID: 22484475 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Memory allows organisms to predict future events based on prior experiences. This requires encoded information to persist once important predictors are extracted, while also being modifiable in response to changes within the environment. Memory reconsolidation may allow stored information to be modified in response to related experience. However, there are many boundary conditions beyond which reconsolidation may not occur. One interpretation of these findings is that the event triggering memory retrieval must contain new information about a familiar stimulus in order to induce reconsolidation. Presently, the mechanisms that affect the likelihood of reconsolidation occurring under these conditions are not well understood. Here we speculate on a number of systems that may play a role in protecting memory from being destabilized during retrieval. We conclude that few memories may enter a state in which they cannot be modified. Rather, metaplasticity mechanisms may serve to alter the specific reactivation cues necessary to destabilize a memory. This might imply that destabilization mechanisms can differ depending on learning conditions.
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da Silva WCN, Köhler CC, Radiske A, Cammarota M. D1/D5 dopamine receptors modulate spatial memory formation. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2012; 97:271-5. [PMID: 22266268 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of the intra-CA1 administration of the D1/D5 receptor antagonist SCH23390 and the D1/D5 receptor agonist SKF38393 on spatial memory in the water maze. When given immediately, but not 3h after training, SCH23390 hindered long-term spatial memory formation without affecting non-spatial memory or the normal functionality of the hippocampus. On the contrary, post-training infusion of SKF38393 enhanced retention and facilitated the spontaneous recovery of the original spatial preference after reversal learning. Our findings demonstrate that hippocampal D1/D5 receptors play an essential role in spatial memory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weber C N da Silva
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica & Neurofisiologia da Memória, Centro de Memória, Instituto do Cérebro, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6690-2nd floor, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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36
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Youn J, Ellenbroek BA, van Eck I, Roubos S, Verhage M, Stiedl O. Finding the right motivation: genotype-dependent differences in effective reinforcements for spatial learning. Behav Brain Res 2011; 226:397-403. [PMID: 21971014 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Memory impairments of DBA/2J mice have been frequently reported in spatial and emotional behavior tests. However, in some memory tests involving food reward, DBA/2J mice perform equally well to C57BL/6J mice or even outperform them. Thus, it is conceivable that motivational factors differentially affect cognitive performance of different mouse strains. Therefore, spatial memory of DBA/2J and C57BL/6J mice was investigated in a modified version of the Barnes maze (mBM) test with increased complexity. The modified Barnes maze test allowed using either aversive or appetitive reinforcement, but with identical spatial cues and motor requirements. Both mouse strains acquired spatial learning in mBM tests with either reinforcement. However, DBA/2J mice learned slower than C57BL/6J mice when aversive reinforcement was used. In contrast, the two strains performed equally well when appetitive reinforcement was used. The superior performance in C57BL/6J mice in the aversive version of the mBM test was accompanied by a more frequent use of the spatial strategy. In the appetitive version of the mBM test, both strains used the spatial strategy to a similar extent. The present results demonstrate that the cognitive performance of mice depends heavily on motivational factors. Our findings underscore the importance of an effective experimental design when assessing spatial memory and challenges interpretations of impaired hippocampal function in DBA/2J mice drawn on the basis of behavior tests depending on aversive reinforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun Youn
- Behavioral Neuroscience Group, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Herwerth M, Jensen V, Novak M, Konopka W, Hvalby O, Köhr G. D4 dopamine receptors modulate NR2B NMDA receptors and LTP in stratum oriens of hippocampal CA1. Cereb Cortex 2011; 22:1786-98. [PMID: 21955919 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhr275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine plays an important role in synaptic plasticity and learning and is involved in the pathogenesis of various neurological and psychiatric disorders. Here, we reveal staining of dopaminergic fibers in stratum oriens of the mouse hippocampal CA1 region, a finding that is consistent with earlier reports. Furthermore, we examined the effect of dopamine agonists on NMDAR-dependent early long-term potentiation (LTP) (40 min) during γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)(A)-mediated blockade. LTP of the AMPA component was strongly reduced in stratum oriens but barely affected in stratum radiatum. This layer-specific effect was caused by D4 receptor activation, which augmented the inactivation of synaptic NMDAR-mediated currents (NMDA EPSCs) during LTP induction through a Ca(2+)-dependent G-protein-independent mechanism. A similar dopaminergic modulation of both NMDA EPSCs and LTP was also observed in mice constitutively lacking NR2A but was absent in mice lacking NR2B in principal forebrain neurons. Together, these experiments strongly indicate that dopaminergic modulation of early LTP in stratum oriens occurs through NMDARs containing NR2B subunits via D4Rs. Thus, a dopamine hyperfunction in stratum oriens may result in NMDAR hypofunction that could affect both normal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Herwerth
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max-Planck-Institute for Medical Research, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Nazari-Serenjeh F, Rezayof A, Zarrindast MR. Functional correlation between GABAergic and dopaminergic systems of dorsal hippocampus and ventral tegmental area in passive avoidance learning in rats. Neuroscience 2011; 196:104-14. [PMID: 21925239 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2011] [Revised: 08/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the existence of possible functional correlation between GABA-A and dopamine (DA) receptors of the dorsal hippocampus and the ventral tegmental area (VTA) in passive avoidance learning. Two guide cannulas were stereotaxically implanted in the CA1 region of the dorsal hippocampus and the VTA of male Wistar rats. In order to measure memory retrieval, the animals were trained in a step-through type passive avoidance task and tested 24 h after training. Post-training intra-CA1 administration of a GABA-A receptor agonist, muscimol (0.01-0.02 μg/rat) dose-dependently impaired memory retrieval. Post-training intra-VTA administration of SCH23390 (a dopamine D1 receptor antagonist; 0.1-0.8 μg/rat) or sulpiride (a D2 receptor antagonist; 0.5-1.5 μg/rat) decreased the inhibitory effect of muscimol (0.02 μg/rat, intra-CA1) on memory retrieval. Intra-VTA administration of the same doses of SCH23390, but not sulpiride, decreased the step-through latencies. On the other hand, post-training administration of muscimol (0.02 μg/rat) into the VTA inhibited memory retrieval. The administration of SCH23390 (0.01-0.2 μg/rat) or sulpiride (0.1-1 μg/rat) into the CA1 region, immediately after training, had no effect on memory retrieval. Furthermore, the amnesic effect of intra-VTA administration of muscimol was significantly decreased by intra-CA1 administration of sulpiride (0.5 and 1 μg/rat, intra-CA1), but not SCH23390. The practical conclusion is that the relationship between the hippocampus and the VTA may regulate memory formation in passive avoidance learning. Also, the correlation between the hippocampus and VTA by a dopaminergic system may be involved in mediating muscimol-induced amnesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Nazari-Serenjeh
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra neural correlates of spatial learning. Learn Mem 2011; 18:260-71. [DOI: 10.1101/lm.1895211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Martig AK, Mizumori SJY. Ventral tegmental area disruption selectively affects CA1/CA2 but not CA3 place fields during a differential reward working memory task. Hippocampus 2011; 21:172-84. [PMID: 20082295 PMCID: PMC2988981 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.20734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Hippocampus (HPC) receives dopaminergic (DA) projections from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra. These inputs appear to provide a modulatory signal that influences HPC dependent behaviors and place fields. We examined how efferent projections from VTA to HPC influence spatial working memory and place fields when the reward context changes. CA1 and CA3 process environmental context changes differently and VTA preferentially innervates CA1. Given these anatomical data and electrophysiological evidence that implicate DA in reward processing, we predicted that CA1 place fields would respond more strongly to both VTA disruption and changes in the reward context than CA3 place fields. Rats (N = 9) were implanted with infusion cannula targeting VTA and recording tetrodes aimed at HPC. Then they were tested on a differential reward, win-shift working memory task. One recording session consisted of 5 baseline and 5 manipulation trials during which place cells in CA1/CA2 (N = 167) and CA3 (N = 94) were recorded. Prior to manipulation trials rats were infused with either baclofen or saline and then subjected to control or reward conditions during which the learned locations of large and small reward quantities were reversed. VTA disruption resulted in an increase in errors, and in CA1/CA2 place field reorganization. There were no changes in any measures of CA3 place field stability during VTA disruption. Reward manipulations did not affect performance or place field stability in CA1/CA2 or CA3; however, changes in the reward locations "rescued" performance and place field stability in CA1/CA2 when VTA activity was compromised, perhaps by trigging compensatory mechanisms. These data support the hypothesis that VTA contributes to spatial working memory performance perhaps by maintaining place field stability selectively in CA1/CA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adria K Martig
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Washington, USA.
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Powers CM, Levin ED, Seidler FJ, Slotkin TA. Silver exposure in developing zebrafish produces persistent synaptic and behavioral changes. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2010; 33:329-32. [PMID: 21035540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2010.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Revised: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Environmental silver exposures are increasing due to the use of silver nanoparticles, which exert antimicrobial actions by releasing Ag+, a suspected developmental neurotoxicant. We evaluated the long-term neurochemical and behavioral effects of embryonic Ag+ exposure in zebrafish at concentrations that had no overt effects on morphological development. Exposure to 0.03, 0.1 or 0.3 μM Ag+ during the first five days post-fertilization caused elevations in both dopamine and serotonin turnover in the adult zebrafish brain without affecting basal neurotransmitter levels. Consistent with these synaptic effects, Ag+-exposed fish showed a faster acquisition of avoidance behavior in a three-chamber test apparatus, without any change in response latency or overall swimming ability. Our results indicate that Ag+ is a developmental neurotoxicant that causes persistent neurobehavioral effects, reinforcing health concerns about Ag+ released from silver nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Powers
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Dopamine modulates synaptic plasticity in dendrites of rat and human dentate granule cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:18185-90. [PMID: 20921404 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1011558107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying memory formation in the hippocampal network remain a major unanswered aspect of neuroscience. Although high-frequency activity appears essential for plasticity, salience for memory formation is also provided by activity in ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine projections. Here, we report that activation of dopamine D1 receptors in dentate granule cells (DGCs) can preferentially increase dendritic excitability to both high-frequency afferent activity and high-frequency trains of backpropagating action potentials. Using whole-cell patch clamp recordings, calcium imaging, and neuropeptide Y to inhibit postsynaptic calcium influx, we found that activation of dendritic voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs) is essential for dopamine-induced long-term potentiation (LTP), both in rat and human dentate gyrus (DG). Moreover, we demonstrate previously unreported spike-timing-dependent plasticity in the human hippocampus. These results suggest that when dopamine is released in the dentate gyrus with concurrent high-frequency activity there is an increased probability that synapses will be strengthened and reward-associated spatial memories will be formed.
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Wall VZ, Parker JG, Fadok JP, Darvas M, Zweifel L, Palmiter RD. A behavioral genetics approach to understanding D1 receptor involvement in phasic dopamine signaling. Mol Cell Neurosci 2010; 46:21-31. [PMID: 20888914 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2010.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine-producing neurons fire with both basal level tonic patterns and phasic bursts. Varying affinities of the five dopamine receptors have led to a hypothesis that higher affinity receptors are primarily activated by basal level tonic dopamine, while lower affinity receptors may be tuned to be sensitive to higher levels caused by phasic bursts. Genetically modified mice provide a method to begin to probe this hypothesis. Here we discuss three mouse models. Dopamine-deficient mice were used to determine which behaviors require dopamine. These behaviors were then analyzed in mice lacking D1 receptors and in mice with reduced phasic dopamine release. Comparison of the latter two mouse models revealed a similar failure to learn about and respond normally to cues that indicate either a positive or negative outcome, giving support to the hypothesis that phasic dopamine release and the D1 receptor act in the same pathway. However, the D1 receptor likely has additional roles beyond those of phasic dopamine detection, because D1 receptor knockout mice have deficits in addition to what has been observed in mice with reduced phasic dopamine release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Z Wall
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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Zarrindast MR, Dorrani M, Lachinani R, Rezayof A. Blockade of dorsal hippocampal dopamine receptors inhibits state-dependent learning induced by cannabinoid receptor agonist in mice. Neurosci Res 2010; 67:25-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2010.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Revised: 01/28/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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