1
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Wang LG, Montaño AR, Masillati AM, Jones JA, Barth CW, Combs JR, Kumarapeli SU, Shams NA, van den Berg NS, Antaris AL, Galvis SN, McDowall I, Rizvi SZH, Alani AWG, Sorger JM, Gibbs SL. Nerve Visualization using Phenoxazine-Based Near-Infrared Fluorophores to Guide Prostatectomy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2304724. [PMID: 37653576 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) is poised to revolutionize surgical medicine through near-infrared (NIR) fluorophores for tissue- and disease-specific contrast. Clinical open and laparoscopic FGS vision systems operate nearly exclusively at NIR wavelengths. However, tissue-specific NIR contrast agents compatible with clinically available imaging systems are lacking, leaving nerve tissue identification during prostatectomy a persistent challenge. Here, it is shown that combining drug-like molecular design concepts and fluorophore chemistry enabled the production of a library of NIR phenoxazine-based fluorophores for intraoperative nerve-specific imaging. The lead candidate readily delineated prostatic nerves in the canine and iliac plexus in the swine using the clinical da Vinci Surgical System that has been popularized for minimally invasive prostatectomy procedures. These results demonstrate the feasibility of molecular engineering of NIR nerve-binding fluorophores for ready integration into the existing surgical workflow, paving the path for clinical translation to reduce morbidity from nerve injury for prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei G Wang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Antonio R Montaño
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Anas M Masillati
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Jocelyn A Jones
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Connor W Barth
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Jason R Combs
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | | | - Nourhan A Shams
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | | | | | - S N Galvis
- Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA, 94086, USA
| | | | - Syed Zaki Husain Rizvi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Adam W G Alani
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | | | - Summer L Gibbs
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
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2
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Baadsvik EL, Weiger M, Froidevaux R, Faigle W, Ineichen BV, Pruessmann KP. Quantitative magnetic resonance mapping of the myelin bilayer reflects pathology in multiple sclerosis brain tissue. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi0611. [PMID: 37566661 PMCID: PMC10421026 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi0611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory disease characterized by loss of myelin (demyelination) and, to a certain extent, subsequent myelin repair (remyelination). To better understand the pathomechanisms underlying de- and remyelination and to monitor the efficacy of treatments aimed at regenerating myelin, techniques offering noninvasive visualizations of myelin are warranted. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has long been at the forefront of efforts to visualize myelin, but it has only recently become feasible to access the rapidly decaying resonance signals stemming from the myelin lipid-protein bilayer itself. Here, we show that direct MR mapping of the bilayer yields highly specific myelin maps in brain tissue from patients with MS. Furthermore, examination of the bilayer signal behavior is found to reveal pathological alterations in normal-appearing white and gray matter. These results indicate promise for in vivo implementations of the myelin bilayer mapping technique, with prospective applications in basic research, diagnostics, disease monitoring, and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Louise Baadsvik
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Weiger
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Romain Froidevaux
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Faigle
- Neuroimmunology and MS Research Section, Neurology Clinic, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institut Curie, Immunity and Cancer Unit 932, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin V. Ineichen
- Department of Neuroradiology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Reproducible Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Klaas P. Pruessmann
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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3
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Wei B, Weng N, Fu L, Li Y, Wang X, Yin R, Jiang T. Synthesis and bioactivity evaluation of a myelin-specific contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging of myelination in central nervous system. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 84:117257. [PMID: 37001243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Demyelination exists in many neurological diseases of nervous system, such as stroke. Currently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been the main tool for diagnosing and monitoring the myelin related diseases. However, the conventional MRI unable to distinguish demyelinating lesions from other inflammatory lesions. To address this problem, we have designed and prepared a myelin specific magnetic resonance contrast agent, Gd-DTDAS, which was based myelin specific moiety MeDASg and Gd-DTPAh. In this work, we verified the specificity and sensitivity of Gd-DTDAS to myelin. Moreover, we investigated the specific binding ability of Gd-DTDAS to myelin sheath in the MCAO micei models. The in vivo imaging results showed that Gd-DTDAS can bind to the undamaged myelin sheath in the BBB disruption areas, and in turn reduce the relaxation time. The fluorescence images also showed significant fluorescence in the brain right infarct area of the MCAO model mice with administration of Gd-DTDAS. The above results confirmed that Gd-DTDAS could be preferentially distributed in areas with high myelination and can detect focally induced demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Na Weng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, China
| | - Lei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yuxuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, China.
| | - Ruijuan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qiangdao, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Tao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
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4
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Xu Z, Lu S, Liu X, Tang L, Liu Z, Cui J, Wang W, Lu W, Huang J. Drug repurposing of ilepcimide that ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis via restricting inflammatory response and oxidative stress. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 458:116328. [PMID: 36455640 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that remains incurable. Herein, we demonstrated that ilepcimide (Antiepilepsirine), an antiepileptic drug used for decades, protects mice from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of MS. Our studies found that ilepcimide treatment effectively ameliorates demyelination, blood-brain barrier leakage and infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in EAE mice. On the one hand, ilepcimide can inhibit dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), an important therapeutic target for MS. Computer molecular docking, thermal shift and fluorescence quenching assay demonstrated the directly interaction between ilepcimide and DHODH. Accordingly, ilepcimide observably repressed T cell proliferation in mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) assay and concanavalin A (Con-A) model in a DHODH-dependent manner. On the other hand, ilepcimide exhibited neuroprotective effect possibly through activating NRF2 antioxidant pathway in mouse neural crest-derived Neuro2a cells. Collectively, our findings have revealed the therapeutic potential of ilepcimide in EAE mouse model via restricting inflammatory response and oxidative stress, offering a potential opportunity for repurposing existing drug ilepcimide for MS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaomin Xu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Sisi Lu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Tang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zehui Liu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayan Cui
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanyan Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqiang Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jin Huang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
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5
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Barth CW, Shah VM, Wang LG, Masillati AM, Al-Fatease A, Husain Rizvi SZ, Antaris AL, Sorger J, Rao DA, Alani AWG, Gibbs SL. A clinically relevant formulation for direct administration of nerve specific fluorophores to mitigate iatrogenic nerve injury. Biomaterials 2022; 284:121490. [PMID: 35395454 PMCID: PMC9064958 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Iatrogenic nerve injury significantly affects surgical outcomes. Although intraoperative neuromonitoring is utilized, nerve identification remains challenging and the success of nerve sparing is strongly correlated with surgeon experience levels. Fluorescence guided surgery (FGS) offers a potential solution for improved nerve sparing by providing direct visualization of nerve tissue intraoperatively. However, novel probes for FGS face a long regulatory pathway to achieve clinical translation. Herein, we report on the development of a clinically-viable, gel-based formulation that enables direct administration of nerve-specific probes for nerve sparing FGS applications, facilitating clinical translation via the exploratory investigational new drug (eIND) guidance. The developed formulation possesses unique gelling characteristics, allowing it to be easily spread as a liquid followed by rapid gelling for subsequent tissue hold. Optimization of the direct administration protocol with our gel-based formulation enabled a total staining time of 1-2 min for compatibility with surgical procedures and successful clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor W Barth
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Vidhi M Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Lei G Wang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Anas M Masillati
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Adel Al-Fatease
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA; Department of Phamaceutics, College of Pharmacy, 62529, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Zaki Husain Rizvi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | | | - Jonathan Sorger
- Intuitive Surgical, 1020 Kifer Road, Sunnyvale, CA, 94086, USA
| | - Deepa A Rao
- School of Pharmacy, Pacific University, Hillsboro, OR, 97123, USA
| | - Adam W G Alani
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Summer L Gibbs
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA.
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6
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A near-infrared AIE fluorescent probe for myelin imaging: From sciatic nerve to the optically cleared brain tissue in 3D. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2106143118. [PMID: 34740969 PMCID: PMC8609329 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2106143118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The high spatial resolution of three-dimensional (3D) fluorescence imaging of myelinated fibers will greatly facilitate the understanding of 3D neural networks and the pathophysiology of demyelinating diseases. However, existing myelin probes are far from satisfactory because of their low–signal-to-background ratio and poor tissue permeability. We herein developed a near-infrared aggregation-induced emission-active probe, PM-ML, for high-performance myelin imaging. PM-ML could specifically image myelinated fibers in teased sciatic nerves and mouse brain tissues with high contrast, good photostability, and deep penetration depth. PM-ML staining is compatible with several tissue-clearing methods. Its application in assessing myelination for neuropathological studies was also demonstrated using a multiple sclerosis mouse model. Myelin, the structure that surrounds and insulates neuronal axons, is an important component of the central nervous system. The visualization of the myelinated fibers in brain tissues can largely facilitate the diagnosis of myelin-related diseases and understand how the brain functions. However, the most widely used fluorescent probes for myelin visualization, such as Vybrant DiD and FluoroMyelin, have strong background staining, low-staining contrast, and low brightness. These drawbacks may originate from their self-quenching properties and greatly limit their applications in three-dimensional (3D) imaging and myelin tracing. Chemical probes for the fluorescence imaging of myelin in 3D, especially in optically cleared tissue, are highly desirable but rarely reported. We herein developed a near-infrared aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-active probe, PM-ML, for high-performance myelin imaging. PM-ML is plasma membrane targeting with good photostability. It could specifically label myelinated fibers in teased sciatic nerves and mouse brain tissues with a high–signal-to-background ratio. PM-ML could be used for 3D visualization of myelin sheaths, myelinated fibers, and fascicles with high-penetration depth. The staining is compatible with different brain tissue–clearing methods, such as ClearT and ClearT2. The utility of PM-ML staining in demyelinating disease studies was demonstrated using the mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Together, this work provides an important tool for high-quality myelin visualization across scales, which may greatly contribute to the study of myelin-related diseases.
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7
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Barth CW, Shah VM, Wang LG, Antaris AL, Klaassen A, Sorger J, Rao DA, Kerr DA, Henderson ER, Alani AW, Gibbs SL. Clinically translatable formulation strategies for systemic administration of nerve-specific probes. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021; 4:2100002. [PMID: 34423111 PMCID: PMC8372234 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nerves are extremely difficult to identify and are often accidently damaged during surgery, leaving patients with lasting pain and numbness. Herein, a novel near-infrared (NIR) nerve-specific fluorophore, LGW01-08, was utilized for enhanced nerve identification using fluorescence guided surgery (FGS), formulated using clinical translatable strategies. Formulated LGW01-08 was examined for toxicology, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) parameters in preparation for future clinical translation. Optimal LGW01-08 imaging doses were identified in each formulation resulting in a 10x difference between the toxicity to imaging dose window. Laparoscopic swine surgery completed using the da Vinci surgical robot (Intuitive Surgical) demonstrated the efficacy of formulated LGW01-08 for enhanced nerve identification. NIR fluorescence imaging enabled clear identification of nerves buried beneath ~3 mm of tissue that were unidentifiable by white light imaging. These studies provide a strong basis for future clinical translation of NIR nerve-specific fluorophores for utility during FGS to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor W. Barth
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201
| | - Vidhi M. Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University/OHSU, Portland, OR, 97201
| | - Lei G. Wang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201
| | | | | | | | - Deepa A. Rao
- School of Pharmacy, Pacific University, Hillsboro, OR 97123
| | - Darcy A. Kerr
- Department of Pathology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756.,Geisel School of Mdicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Eric R. Henderson
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756
| | - Adam W.G. Alani
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University/OHSU, Portland, OR, 97201
| | - Summer L. Gibbs
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201.,Corresponding Author: Summer L. Gibbs, Ph.D., Oregon Health & Science University, Collaborative Life Sciences Building, 2730 S Moody Ave, Mail Code: CL3SG, Portland, OR 97201, , Phone: 503-494-8940
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8
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Barth CW, Wang LG, Montano A, Antaris AL, Klaassen A, Sorger J, Kerr DA, Henderson ER, Alani AW, Gibbs SL. Lead Optimization of Nerve-Specific Fluorophores for Image-Guided Nerve Sparing Surgical Procedures. OPTICAL MOLECULAR PROBES, IMAGING AND DRUG DELIVERY 2021; 2021:OW3E.3. [PMID: 36053248 PMCID: PMC9431774 DOI: 10.1364/omp.2021.ow3e.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Nerve damage is a major complication of surgery, causing pain and loss of function. We have identified novel near-infrared nerve-specific fluorophores that provide excellent nerve contrast with the ability to identify buried nerve tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lei G. Wang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201
| | - Antonio Montano
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201
| | | | | | | | - Darcy A. Kerr
- Department of Pathology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756.,Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Eric R. Henderson
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756
| | - Adam W.G. Alani
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, 97201
| | - Summer L. Gibbs
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201
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9
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Zhou J, Sun H, Li Y, Jiang H, Guo C, Shen L. Synthesis and Relaxivity of One Macrocyclic Binuclear Nonionic Magnetic Resonance Contrast Agent. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202102009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Wang LG, Barth CW, Kitts CH, Mebrat MD, Montaño AR, House BJ, McCoy ME, Antaris AL, Galvis SN, McDowall I, Sorger JM, Gibbs SL. Near-infrared nerve-binding fluorophores for buried nerve tissue imaging. Sci Transl Med 2020; 12:12/542/eaay0712. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aay0712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nerve-binding fluorophores with near-infrared (NIR; 650 to 900 nm) emission could reduce iatrogenic nerve injury rates by providing surgeons precise, real-time visualization of the peripheral nervous system. Unfortunately, current systemically administered nerve contrast agents predominantly emit at visible wavelengths and show nonspecific uptake in surrounding tissues such as adipose, muscle, and facia, thus limiting detection to surgically exposed surface-level nerves. Here, a focused NIR fluorophore library was synthesized and screened through multi-tiered optical and pharmacological assays to identify nerve-binding fluorophore candidates for clinical translation. NIR nerve probes enabled micrometer-scale nerve visualization at the greatest reported tissue depths (~2 to 3 mm), a feat unachievable with previous visibly emissive contrast agents. Laparoscopic fluorescent surgical navigation delineated deep lumbar and iliac nerves in swine, most of which were invisible in conventional white-light endoscopy. Critically, NIR oxazines generated contrast against all key surgical tissue classes (muscle, adipose, vasculature, and fascia) with nerve signal-to-background ratios ranging from ~2 (2- to 3-mm depth) to 25 (exposed nerve). Clinical translation of NIR nerve-specific agents will substantially reduce comorbidities associated with surgical nerve damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei G. Wang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Connor W. Barth
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Catherine H. Kitts
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Mubark D. Mebrat
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Antonio R. Montaño
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Broderick J. House
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Meaghan E. McCoy
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Summer L. Gibbs
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
- Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
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11
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Liu Z, Hu Q, Wang W, Lu S, Wu D, Ze S, He J, Huang Y, Chen W, Xu Y, Lu W, Huang J. Natural product piperine alleviates experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in mice by targeting dihydroorotate dehydrogenase. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 177:114000. [PMID: 32353424 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most popular chronic and debilitating inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that remains incurable. Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is critical to the activity of T lymphocytes and represents a potential therapeutic target for MS. Here we identify piperine, a bioactive constituent of black pepper, as a potent inhibitor of DHODH with an IC50 value of 0.88 μM. Isothermal titration calorimetry and thermofluor assay demonstrate the directly interaction between piperine and DHODH. The co-complex crystal structure of DHODH and piperine at 1.98 Å resolution further reveal that Tyr356 residue of DHODH is crucial for piperine binding. Importantly, we show that piperine can inhibit T cell overactivation in a DHODH-dependent manner in concanavalin A-triggered T-cell assay and mixed lymphocyte reaction assay. Finally, piperine exhibits strong preventive and therapeutic effect in the MOG-induced experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), a useful model for studying potential treatments for MS, by restricting inflammatory cells infiltration into the CNS and preventing myelin destruction and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Taken together, these findings highlight DHODH as a therapeutic target for autoimmune disease of the nervous system, and demonstrate a novel role for piperine in the treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehui Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanyan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Sisi Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Dang Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyin Ze
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiacheng He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Guangdong Institute for Drug Control, Guangdong, China
| | - Wuyan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Yechun Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqiang Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jin Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Barth CW, Gibbs SL. Fluorescence Image-Guided Surgery - a Perspective on Contrast Agent Development. PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE--THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2020; 11222:112220J. [PMID: 32255887 PMCID: PMC7115043 DOI: 10.1117/12.2545292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the past several decades, a number of novel fluorescence image-guided surgery (FGS) contrast agents have been under development, with many in clinical translation and undergoing clinical trials. In this review, we have identified and summarized the contrast agents currently undergoing clinical translation. In total, 39 novel FGS contrast agents are being studied in 85 clinical trials. Four FGS contrast agents are currently being studied in phase III clinical trials and are poised to reach FDA approval within the next two to three years. Among all novel FGS contrast agents, a wide variety of probe types, targeting mechanisms, and fluorescence properties exists. Clinically available FGS imaging systems have been developed for FDA approved FGS contrast agents, and thus further clinical development is required to yield FGS imaging systems tuned for the variety of contrast agents in the clinical pipeline. Additionally, study of current FGS contrast agents for additional disease types and development of anatomy specific contrast agents is required to provide surgeons FGS tools for all surgical specialties and associated comorbidities. The work reviewed here represents a significant effort from many groups and further development of this promising technology will have an enormous impact on surgical outcomes across all specialties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor W Barth
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201
| | - Summer L Gibbs
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201
- OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201
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13
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Zeng X, Zhu S, Lu W, Liu Z, Huang J, Zhou Y, Fang J, Huang Y, Guo H, Li L, Trapp BD, Nussinov R, Eng C, Loscalzo J, Cheng F. Target identification among known drugs by deep learning from heterogeneous networks. Chem Sci 2020; 11:1775-1797. [PMID: 34123272 PMCID: PMC8150105 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04336e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Without foreknowledge of the complete drug target information, development of promising and affordable approaches for effective treatment of human diseases is challenging. Here, we develop deepDTnet, a deep learning methodology for new target identification and drug repurposing in a heterogeneous drug-gene-disease network embedding 15 types of chemical, genomic, phenotypic, and cellular network profiles. Trained on 732 U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved small molecule drugs, deepDTnet shows high accuracy (the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.963) in identifying novel molecular targets for known drugs, outperforming previously published state-of-the-art methodologies. We then experimentally validate that deepDTnet-predicted topotecan (an approved topoisomerase inhibitor) is a new, direct inhibitor (IC50 = 0.43 μM) of human retinoic-acid-receptor-related orphan receptor-gamma t (ROR-γt). Furthermore, by specifically targeting ROR-γt, topotecan reveals a potential therapeutic effect in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. In summary, deepDTnet offers a powerful network-based deep learning methodology for target identification to accelerate drug repurposing and minimize the translational gap in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiang Zeng
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
| | - Siyi Zhu
- Department of Computer Science, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Weiqiang Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Zehui Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Jin Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Yadi Zhou
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic 9500 Euclid Avenue Cleveland OH 44106 USA +1-216-6361609 +1-216-4447654
| | - Jiansong Fang
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic 9500 Euclid Avenue Cleveland OH 44106 USA +1-216-6361609 +1-216-4447654
| | - Yin Huang
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic 9500 Euclid Avenue Cleveland OH 44106 USA +1-216-6361609 +1-216-4447654
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Huimin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Lang Li
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Bruce D Trapp
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Cleveland OH 44022 USA
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick Frederick MD 21702 USA
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv 69978 Israel
| | - Charis Eng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic 9500 Euclid Avenue Cleveland OH 44106 USA +1-216-6361609 +1-216-4447654
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH 44195 USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland Ohio 44106 USA
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio 44195 USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland Ohio 44106 USA
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Feixiong Cheng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic 9500 Euclid Avenue Cleveland OH 44106 USA +1-216-6361609 +1-216-4447654
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH 44195 USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland Ohio 44106 USA
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14
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Alia JD, Flack JA. Unspecified verticality of Franck–Condon transitions, absorption and emission spectra of cyanine dyes, and a classically inspired approximation. RSC Adv 2020; 10:43153-43167. [PMID: 35514896 PMCID: PMC9058138 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06774a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The computed vertical energy, Ev,a/f, from the equilibrium geometry of the initial electronic state is frequently considered as representative of the experimental excitation/emission energy, Eabs/fl = hc/λmax. Application of the quantum mechanical version of the Franck–Condon principle does not involve precise specification of nuclear positions before, after, or during an electronic transition. Moreover, the duration of an electronic transition is not experimentally accessible in spectra with resolved vibrational structure. It is shown that computed vibronic spectra based on TDDFT methods and application of quantum mechanical FC analysis predict Eabs = hc/λmax with a 10-fold improvement in accuracy compared to Ev,a for nine cyanine dyes. It is argued that part of the reason for accuracy when this FC analysis is compared to experiment as opposed to Ev,a/f is the unspecified verticality of transitions in the context of the quantum version of the FC principle. Classical FC transitions that preserve nuclear kinetic energy before and after an electronic transition were previously found to occur at a weighted average of final and initial electronic state molecular geometries known as the r-centroid. Inspired by this approach a qualitative method using computed vertical and adiabatic energies and the harmonic approximation is developed and applied yielding a 5-fold improvement in accuracy compared to Ev,a. This improvement results from the dominance of low frequency vibronic transitions in the cyanine dye major band. The model gives insight into the nature of the redshift when qPCR dye EvaGreen is complexed to λDNA and is applicable to the low frequency band of similar non cyanine dyes such as curcumin. It is found that the computed vibronic cyanine dye spectra from time-dependent FC analysis at 0 K and 298 K show decreased intensity at higher temperature suggestive of increased intensity with restricted motion shown when cyanine dyes are used in biomedical imaging. A 2-layer ONIOM model of the DNA minor groove indicates restricted motion of the TC-1 dye excited state in this setting indicative of enhanced fluorescence. Insight into cyanine dye λmax from quantum and classical FC principle; high accuracy with classically inspired approach.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D. Alia
- Division of Science and Mathematics
- University of Minnesota Morris
- USA
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15
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Maynard J, Hart P. The Opportunities and Use of Imaging to Measure Target Engagement. SLAS DISCOVERY 2019; 25:127-136. [PMID: 31885303 DOI: 10.1177/2472555219897270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Lack of efficacy and poor safety outcomes are deemed to be the greatest causes of clinical failure of novel therapeutics. The use of biomarkers that give accurate information on target engagement, providing confidence that pharmacological activity in the target organ is being achieved, is key in optimizing clinical success. Without a measurement of target engagement, it can be very difficult to discern the basis for any lack of efficacy of a drug molecule within the pharmaceutical industry. Target engagement can be measured in both an in vitro and in vivo setting, and in recent years imaging measurements have been used frequently in drug discovery and development to assess target engagement and receptor occupancy in both human and animal models. From this perspective, we assess and look at the advancements in both in vivo and ex vivo imaging to demonstrate the enormous potential that imaging has as an application to provide a greater understanding of target engagement with a correlative therapeutic impact.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philippa Hart
- Medicines Discovery Catapult, Alderley Park, Cheshire, UK
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16
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Botz B, Bátai IZ, Kiss T, Pintér E, Helyes Z, Bölcskei K. The fluorescent dye 3,3'-diethylthiatricarbocyanine iodide is unsuitable for in vivo imaging of myelination in the mouse. Brain Res Bull 2019; 156:10-14. [PMID: 31857136 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing interest to use non-invasive optical imaging methods to study central nervous system diseases. The application of a myelin-binding fluorescent dye, 3,3-diethylthiatricarbocyanine iodide (DBT) was recently described for in vivo optical imaging of demyelination in the mouse. In the present study we aimed at adapting the method to our optical imaging systems, the IVIS Lumina II to measure epifluorescence and the fluorescent molecular tomograph (FMT) for 3-dimensional quantification of the fluorophore. Epifluorescent imaging was performed 5-30 min after DBT injection which was followed by FMT imaging at 40 min. Two mice also underwent micro-CT imaging in the FMT cassette for the purpose of FMT-CT co-registration. Ex vivo imaging of the brain and other tissues of the head and neck was carried out 1 h after injection. Both the FMT-CT co-registration and the ex vivo imaging of organs proved that DBT poorly crossed the blood-brain barrier. The dye did not accumulate in the myelin sheath of the sciatic nerve. In contrast, there was an intense accumulation in the pituitary and salivary glands. The FMT-CT co-registration unequivocally demonstrated that the signal localized to the head did not originate from beyond the blood-brain barrier. No myelin binding was demonstrated by the ex vivo imaging either. In conclusion, DBT is unsuitable for in vivo imaging of myelination due to its poor BBB penetration, accumulation in other structures of the head and neck region and lack of selective binding towards myelin in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bálint Botz
- János Szentágothai Research Centre and Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Ifjúság út 20, Hungary; Department of Radiology, University of Pécs Medical School, H-7624 Pécs, Ifjúság út 13, Hungary
| | - István Zoárd Bátai
- János Szentágothai Research Centre and Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Ifjúság út 20, Hungary; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs Medical School, H-7624 Pécs, Szigeti út 12, Hungary
| | - Tamás Kiss
- János Szentágothai Research Centre and Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Ifjúság út 20, Hungary
| | - Erika Pintér
- János Szentágothai Research Centre and Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Ifjúság út 20, Hungary; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs Medical School, H-7624 Pécs, Szigeti út 12, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- János Szentágothai Research Centre and Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Ifjúság út 20, Hungary; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs Medical School, H-7624 Pécs, Szigeti út 12, Hungary
| | - Kata Bölcskei
- János Szentágothai Research Centre and Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Ifjúság út 20, Hungary; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs Medical School, H-7624 Pécs, Szigeti út 12, Hungary.
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17
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Evoked potentials as a translatable biomarker to track functional remyelination. Mol Cell Neurosci 2019; 99:103393. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2019.103393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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18
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Lee S, Salapa HE, Levin MC. Localization of near-infrared labeled antibodies to the central nervous system in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212357. [PMID: 30768649 PMCID: PMC6377130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies, including antibodies to the RNA binding protein heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1, have been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis, thus it is important to assess their biological activity using animal models of disease. Near-infrared optical imaging of fluorescently labeled antibodies and matrix metalloproteinase activity were measured and quantified in an animal model of multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. We successfully labeled, imaged and quantified the fluorescence signal of antibodies that localized to the central nervous system of mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Fluorescently labeled anti-heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 antibodies persisted in the central nervous system of mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, colocalized with matrix metalloproteinase activity, correlated with clinical disease and shifted rostrally within the spinal cord, consistent with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis being an ascending paralysis. The fluorescent antibody signal also colocalized with matrix metalloproteinase activity in brain. Previous imaging studies in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis analyzed inflammatory markers such as cellular immune responses, dendritic cell activity, blood brain barrier integrity and myelination, but none assessed fluorescently labeled antibodies within the central nervous system. This data suggests a strong association between autoantibody localization and disease. This system can be used to detect other antibodies that might contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system including multiple sclerosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Blood-Brain Barrier/metabolism
- Brain/diagnostic imaging
- Central Nervous System/diagnostic imaging
- Central Nervous System/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Female
- Fluorescent Dyes/chemistry
- Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein A1/immunology
- Matrix Metalloproteinases/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared
- Spinal Cord/diagnostic imaging
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangmin Lee
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Hannah E. Salapa
- Office of the Saskatchewan Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Research Chair, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Michael C. Levin
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- Office of the Saskatchewan Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Research Chair, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Neurology Division, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
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19
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Korber JR, Barth CW, Gibbs SL. Nile Red derivatives enable improved ratiometric imaging for nerve-specific contrast. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 23:1-13. [PMID: 29981230 PMCID: PMC8357333 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.7.076002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Surgical nerve damage due to difficulty with identification remains a major risk for postsurgical complications and decreased quality of life. Fluorescence-guided surgery offers a means to specifically highlight tissues of interest such as nerves and a number of fluorescence-guided surgical systems are in clinical trial or are approved for clinical use. However, no clinically approved nerve-specific fluorophores exist. In addition, many preclinical nerve-specific fluorophores tend to accumulate in adipose tissue due to the molecular composition similarities between the two tissues, making it challenging to generate a specific nerve signal. To alleviate this difficulty, we have synthesized a library of oxazine fluorophores based on the Nile Red scaffold, with the goal of strong adipose specificity without nerve uptake to facilitate ratiometric imaging. The library was screened for tissue specificity ex vivo and in vivo, enabling quantification of adipose-, nerve- and muscle-specific uptake as well as selection of the best candidate for adipose selectivity without nerve signal. We showed our selected Nile Red fluorophore improved nerve contrast using ratiometric imaging, especially nerve-to-adipose contrast as compared to the parent Nile Red compound or nerve-specific imaging alone. This adipose-specific Nile Red derivative could be used in future fluorescence-guided surgery applications where adipose- or nerve-specific contrast is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse R. Korber
- Oregon Health and Science University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Connor W. Barth
- Oregon Health and Science University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Summer L. Gibbs
- Oregon Health and Science University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Portland, Oregon, United States
- Oregon Health and Science University, Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon, United States
- Oregon Health and Science University, OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Portland, Oregon, United States
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20
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Stephenson J, Nutma E, van der Valk P, Amor S. Inflammation in CNS neurodegenerative diseases. Immunology 2018; 154:204-219. [PMID: 29513402 PMCID: PMC5980185 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 577] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, the leading cause of morbidity and disability, are gaining increased attention as they impose a considerable socioeconomic impact, due in part to the ageing community. Neuronal damage is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, spinocerebellar ataxia and multiple sclerosis, although such damage is also observed following neurotropic viral infections, stroke, genetic white matter diseases and paraneoplastic disorders. Despite the different aetiologies, for example, infections, genetic mutations, trauma and protein aggregations, neuronal damage is frequently associated with chronic activation of an innate immune response in the CNS. The growing awareness that the immune system is inextricably involved in shaping the brain during development as well as mediating damage, but also regeneration and repair, has stimulated therapeutic approaches to modulate the immune system in neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review the current understanding of how astrocytes and microglia, as well as neurons and oligodendrocytes, shape the neuroimmune response during development, and how aberrant responses that arise due to genetic or environmental triggers may predispose the CNS to neurodegenerative diseases. We discuss the known interactions between the peripheral immune system and the brain, and review the current concepts on how immune cells enter and leave the CNS. A better understanding of neuroimmune interactions during development and disease will be key to further manipulating these responses and the development of effective therapies to improve quality of life, and reduce the impact of neuroinflammatory and degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie Stephenson
- Centre for Neuroscience and TraumaBarts and the Blizard Institute, LondonSchool of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
- Department of PathologyVU University Medical CentreAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Erik Nutma
- Department of PathologyVU University Medical CentreAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Paul van der Valk
- Department of PathologyVU University Medical CentreAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Sandra Amor
- Centre for Neuroscience and TraumaBarts and the Blizard Institute, LondonSchool of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
- Department of PathologyVU University Medical CentreAmsterdamthe Netherlands
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21
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Schmitz K, Tegeder I. Bioluminescence and Near-infrared Imaging of Optic Neuritis and Brain Inflammation in the EAE Model of Multiple Sclerosis in Mice. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28287595 DOI: 10.3791/55321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in SJL/J mice is a model for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Clinical EAE scores describing motor function deficits are basic readouts of the immune-mediated inflammation of the spinal cord. However, scores and body weight do not allow for an in vivo assessment of brain inflammation and optic neuritis. The latter is an early and frequent manifestation in about 2/3 of MS patients. Here, we show methods for bioluminescence and near-infrared live imaging to assess EAE evoked optic neuritis, brain inflammation, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption in living mice using an in vivo imaging system. A bioluminescent substrate activated by oxidases primarily showed optic neuritis. The signal was specific and allowed the visualization of medication effects and disease time courses, which paralleled the clinical scores. Pegylated fluorescent nanoparticles that remained within the vasculature for extended periods of time were used to assess the BBB integrity. Near-infrared imaging revealed a BBB leak at the peak of the disease. The signal was the strongest around the eyes. A near-infrared substrate for matrix metalloproteinases was used to assess EAE-evoked inflammation. Auto-fluorescence interfered with the signal, requiring spectral unmixing for quantification. Overall, bioluminescence imaging was a reliable method to assess EAE-associated optic neuritis and medication effects and was superior to the near-infrared techniques in terms of signal specificity, robustness, ease of quantification, and cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Schmitz
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Frankfurt
| | - Irmgard Tegeder
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Frankfurt;
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22
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Wu C, Eck B, Zhang S, Zhu J, Tiwari AD, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Zhang J, Wang B, Wang X, Wang X, You J, Wang J, Guan Y, Liu X, Yu X, Trapp BD, Miller R, Silver J, Wilson D, Wang Y. Discovery of 1,2,3-Triazole Derivatives for Multimodality PET/CT/Cryoimaging of Myelination in the Central Nervous System. J Med Chem 2017; 60:987-999. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jinming Zhang
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department
of Radiology, Bingzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, China
| | - Xizhen Wang
- Department
of Radiology, Bingzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department
of Radiology, Bingzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bruce D. Trapp
- Department
of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States
| | - Robert Miller
- Department
of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20037, United States
| | | | | | - Yanming Wang
- Department
of Radiology, Bingzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, China
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23
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Barth CW, Gibbs SL. Direct Administration of Nerve-Specific Contrast to Improve Nerve Sparing Radical Prostatectomy. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:573-593. [PMID: 28255352 PMCID: PMC5327635 DOI: 10.7150/thno.17433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerve damage remains a major morbidity following nerve sparing radical prostatectomy, significantly affecting quality of life post-surgery. Nerve-specific fluorescence guided surgery offers a potential solution by enhancing nerve visualization intraoperatively. However, the prostate is highly innervated and only the cavernous nerve structures require preservation to maintain continence and potency. Systemic administration of a nerve-specific fluorophore would lower nerve signal to background ratio (SBR) in vital nerve structures, making them difficult to distinguish from all nervous tissue in the pelvic region. A direct administration methodology to enable selective nerve highlighting for enhanced nerve SBR in a specific nerve structure has been developed herein. The direct administration methodology demonstrated equivalent nerve-specific contrast to systemic administration at optimal exposure times. However, the direct administration methodology provided a brighter fluorescent nerve signal, facilitating nerve-specific fluorescence imaging at video rate, which was not possible following systemic administration. Additionally, the direct administration methodology required a significantly lower fluorophore dose than systemic administration, that when scaled to a human dose falls within the microdosing range. Furthermore, a dual fluorophore tissue staining method was developed that alleviates fluorescence background signal from adipose tissue accumulation using a spectrally distinct adipose tissue specific fluorophore. These results validate the use of the direct administration methodology for specific nerve visualization with fluorescence image-guided surgery, which would improve vital nerve structure identification and visualization during nerve sparing radical prostatectomy.
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24
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Bodini B, Veronese M, García‐Lorenzo D, Battaglini M, Poirion E, Chardain A, Freeman L, Louapre C, Tchikviladze M, Papeix C, Dollé F, Zalc B, Lubetzki C, Bottlaender M, Turkheimer F, Stankoff B. Dynamic Imaging of Individual Remyelination Profiles in Multiple Sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2016; 79:726-738. [PMID: 26891452 PMCID: PMC5006855 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Quantitative in vivo imaging of myelin loss and repair in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) is essential to understand the pathogenesis of the disease and to evaluate promyelinating therapies. Selectively binding myelin in the central nervous system white matter, Pittsburgh compound B ([11C]PiB) can be used as a positron emission tomography (PET) tracer to explore myelin dynamics in MS. Methods Patients with active relapsing‐remitting MS (n = 20) and healthy controls (n = 8) were included in a longitudinal trial combining PET with [11C]PiB and magnetic resonance imaging. Voxel‐wise maps of [11C]PiB distribution volume ratio, reflecting myelin content, were derived. Three dynamic indices were calculated for each patient: the global index of myelin content change; the index of demyelination; and the index of remyelination. Results At baseline, there was a progressive reduction in [11C]PiB binding from the normal‐appearing white matter to MS lesions, reflecting a decline in myelin content. White matter lesions were characterized by a centripetal decrease in the tracer binding at the voxel level. During follow‐up, high between‐patient variability was found for all indices of myelin content change. Dynamic remyelination was inversely correlated with clinical disability (p = 0.006 and beta‐coefficient = –0.67 with the Expanded Disability Status Scale; p = 0.003 and beta‐coefficient = –0.68 with the MS Severity Scale), whereas no significant clinical correlation was found for the demyelination index. Interpretation [11C]PiB PET allows quantification of myelin dynamics in MS and enables stratification of patients depending on their individual remyelination potential, which significantly correlates with clinical disability. This technique should be considered to assess novel promyelinating drugs. Ann Neurol 2016;79:726–738
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Bodini
- Sorbonne UniversitésUPMC University Paris 06UMR S 1127, and CNRS UMR 7225, and ICMF‐75013ParisFrance
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of PsychiatryKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Service Hospitalier Fréderic Joliot, SHFJ, I2BM‐DSVCEAOrsayFrance
| | - Mattia Veronese
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of PsychiatryKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Daniel García‐Lorenzo
- Sorbonne UniversitésUPMC University Paris 06UMR S 1127, and CNRS UMR 7225, and ICMF‐75013ParisFrance
| | - Marco Battaglini
- Department of Behavioral and Neurological SciencesUniversity of SienaSienaItaly
| | - Emilie Poirion
- Sorbonne UniversitésUPMC University Paris 06UMR S 1127, and CNRS UMR 7225, and ICMF‐75013ParisFrance
| | - Audrey Chardain
- Service Hospitalier Fréderic Joliot, SHFJ, I2BM‐DSVCEAOrsayFrance
- APHP Hôpital Saint‐AntoineParisFrance
| | - Léorah Freeman
- Sorbonne UniversitésUPMC University Paris 06UMR S 1127, and CNRS UMR 7225, and ICMF‐75013ParisFrance
- Service Hospitalier Fréderic Joliot, SHFJ, I2BM‐DSVCEAOrsayFrance
- APHPHopital Pitié-SalpetrièreParisFrance
| | - Céline Louapre
- Sorbonne UniversitésUPMC University Paris 06UMR S 1127, and CNRS UMR 7225, and ICMF‐75013ParisFrance
| | | | | | - Frédéric Dollé
- Service Hospitalier Fréderic Joliot, SHFJ, I2BM‐DSVCEAOrsayFrance
| | - Bernard Zalc
- Sorbonne UniversitésUPMC University Paris 06UMR S 1127, and CNRS UMR 7225, and ICMF‐75013ParisFrance
| | - Catherine Lubetzki
- Sorbonne UniversitésUPMC University Paris 06UMR S 1127, and CNRS UMR 7225, and ICMF‐75013ParisFrance
- APHPHopital Pitié-SalpetrièreParisFrance
| | | | - Federico Turkheimer
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of PsychiatryKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Bruno Stankoff
- Sorbonne UniversitésUPMC University Paris 06UMR S 1127, and CNRS UMR 7225, and ICMF‐75013ParisFrance
- Service Hospitalier Fréderic Joliot, SHFJ, I2BM‐DSVCEAOrsayFrance
- APHP Hôpital Saint‐AntoineParisFrance
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Barth CW, Gibbs SL. Visualizing Oxazine 4 nerve-specific fluorescence ex vivo in frozen tissue sections. PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE--THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2016; 9696. [PMID: 32255889 DOI: 10.1117/12.2214204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Nerve damage plagues surgical outcomes and remains a major burden for patients, surgeons, and the healthcare system. Fluorescence image-guided surgery using nerve specific small molecule fluorophores offers a solution to diminish surgical nerve damage through improved intraoperative nerve identification and visualization. Oxazine 4 has shown superior nerve specificity in initial testing in vivo, while exhibiting a red shifted excitation and emission spectra compared to other nerve-specific fluorophores. However, Oxazine 4 does not exhibit near-infrared (NIR) excitation and emission, which would be ideal to improve penetration depth and nerve signal to background ratios for in vivo imaging. Successful development of a NIR nerve-specific fluorophore will require understanding of the molecular target of fluorophore nerve specificity. While previous small molecule nerve-specific fluorophores have demonstrated excellent ex vivo nerve specificity, Oxazine 4 ex vivo nerve specific fluorescence has been difficult to visualize. In the present study, we examined each step of the ex vivo fluorescence microscopy sample preparation procedure to discover how in vivo nerve-specific fluorescence is changed during ex vivo tissue sample preparation. Through step-by-step examination we found that Oxazine 4 fluorescence was significantly diminished by washing and mounting tissue sections for microscopy. A method to preserve Oxazine 4 nerve specific fluorescence ex vivo was determined, which can be utilized for visualization by fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor W Barth
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201
| | - Summer L Gibbs
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201.,OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201
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Hackman KM, Doddapaneni BS, Barth CW, Wierzbicki IH, Alani AWG, Gibbs SL. Polymeric Micelles as Carriers for Nerve-Highlighting Fluorescent Probe Delivery. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:4386-94. [PMID: 26485440 PMCID: PMC4674818 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Nerve
damage during surgery is a common morbidity experienced by patients
that leaves them with chronic pain and/or loss of function. Currently,
no clinically approved imaging technique exists to enhance nerve visualization
in the operating room. Fluorescence image-guided surgery has gained
in popularity and clinical acceptance over the past decade with a
handful of imaging systems approved for clinical use. However, contrast
agent development to complement these fluorescence-imaging systems
has lagged behind with all currently approved fluorescent agents providing
untargeted blood pool information. Nerve-specific fluorophores are
known, however translations of these agents to the clinic has been
complicated by their lipophilic nature, which necessitates specialized
formulation strategies for successful systemic administration. To
date the known nerve-specific fluorophores have only been demonstrated
preclinically due to the necessity of a dimethyl sulfoxide containing
formulation for solubilization. In the current study, a polymeric
micellar (PM) formulation strategy was developed for a representative
nerve-specific fluorophore from the distyrylbenzene family, BMB. The
PM formulation strategy was able to solubilize BMB and demonstrated
improved nerve-specific accumulation and fluorescence intensity when
the same fluorophore dose was administered to mice utilizing the previous
formulation strategy. The success of the PM formulation strategy will
be important for moving toward clinical translation of these novel
nerve-specific probes as it is nontoxic and biodegradable and has
the potential to decrease the necessary dose for imaging while also
improving the safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bhuvana Shyam Doddapaneni
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University , 2730 SW Moody Avenue, CL5CP Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | | | - Igor H Wierzbicki
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University , 2730 SW Moody Avenue, CL5CP Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Adam W G Alani
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University , 2730 SW Moody Avenue, CL5CP Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
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Schmitz K, de Bruin N, Bishay P, Männich J, Häussler A, Altmann C, Ferreirós N, Lötsch J, Ultsch A, Parnham MJ, Geisslinger G, Tegeder I. R-flurbiprofen attenuates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice. EMBO Mol Med 2015; 6:1398-422. [PMID: 25269445 PMCID: PMC4237468 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201404168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
R-flurbiprofen is the non-cyclooxygenase inhibiting R-enantiomer of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug flurbiprofen, which was assessed as a remedy for Alzheimer's disease. Because of its anti-inflammatory, endocannabinoid-modulating and antioxidative properties, combined with low toxicity, the present study assessed R-flurbiprofen in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) models of multiple sclerosis in mice. Oral R-flurbiprofen prevented and attenuated primary progressive EAE in C57BL6/J mice and relapsing-remitting EAE in SJL mice, even if the treatment was initiated on or after the first flare of the disease. R-flurbiprofen reduced immune cell infiltration and microglia activation and inflammation in the spinal cord, brain and optic nerve and attenuated myelin destruction and EAE-evoked hyperalgesia. R-flurbiprofen treatment increased CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells, CTLA4(+) inhibitory T cells and interleukin-10, whereas the EAE-evoked upregulation of pro-inflammatory genes in the spinal cord was strongly reduced. The effects were associated with an increase of plasma and cortical endocannabinoids but decreased spinal prostaglandins, the latter likely due to R to S inversion. The promising results suggest potential efficacy of R-flurbiprofen in human MS, and its low toxicity may justify a clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Schmitz
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Natasja de Bruin
- Fraunhofer Institute of Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (IME-TMP), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Philipp Bishay
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Julia Männich
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Annett Häussler
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christine Altmann
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nerea Ferreirós
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jörn Lötsch
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany Fraunhofer Institute of Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (IME-TMP), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alfred Ultsch
- DataBionics Research Group, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael J Parnham
- Fraunhofer Institute of Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (IME-TMP), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany Fraunhofer Institute of Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (IME-TMP), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Irmgard Tegeder
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany Fraunhofer Institute of Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (IME-TMP), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Wang Y, Sun P, Wang Q, Trinkaus K, Schmidt RE, Naismith RT, Cross AH, Song SK. Differentiation and quantification of inflammation, demyelination and axon injury or loss in multiple sclerosis. Brain 2015; 138:1223-38. [PMID: 25724201 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Axon injury/loss, demyelination and inflammation are the primary pathologies in multiple sclerosis lesions. Despite the prevailing notion that axon/neuron loss is the substrate of clinical progression of multiple sclerosis, the roles that these individual pathological processes play in multiple sclerosis progression remain to be defined. An imaging modality capable to effectively detect, differentiate and individually quantify axon injury/loss, demyelination and inflammation, would not only facilitate the understanding of the pathophysiology underlying multiple sclerosis progression, but also the assessment of treatments at the clinical trial and individual patient levels. In this report, the newly developed diffusion basis spectrum imaging was used to discriminate and quantify the underlying pathological components in multiple sclerosis white matter. Through the multiple-tensor modelling of diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging signals, diffusion basis spectrum imaging resolves inflammation-associated cellularity and vasogenic oedema in addition to accounting for partial volume effects resulting from cerebrospinal fluid contamination, and crossing fibres. Quantitative histological analysis of autopsied multiple sclerosis spinal cord specimens supported that diffusion basis spectrum imaging-determined cellularity, axon and myelin injury metrics closely correlated with those pathologies identified and quantified by conventional histological staining. We demonstrated in healthy control subjects that diffusion basis spectrum imaging rectified inaccurate assessments of diffusion properties of white matter tracts by diffusion tensor imaging in the presence of cerebrospinal fluid contamination and/or crossing fibres. In multiple sclerosis patients, we report that diffusion basis spectrum imaging quantitatively characterized the distinct pathologies underlying gadolinium-enhanced lesions, persistent black holes, non-enhanced lesions and non-black hole lesions, a task yet to be demonstrated by other neuroimaging approaches. Diffusion basis spectrum imaging-derived radial diffusivity (myelin integrity marker) and non-restricted isotropic diffusion fraction (oedema marker) correlated with magnetization transfer ratio, supporting previous reports that magnetization transfer ratio is sensitive not only to myelin integrity, but also to inflammation-associated oedema. Our results suggested that diffusion basis spectrum imaging-derived quantitative biomarkers are highly consistent with histology findings and hold promise to accurately characterize the heterogeneous white matter pathology in multiple sclerosis patients. Thus, diffusion basis spectrum imaging can potentially serve as a non-invasive outcome measure to assess treatment effects on the specific components of underlying pathology targeted by new multiple sclerosis therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- 1 Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA 1 Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Peng Sun
- 1 Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Qing Wang
- 1 Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Kathryn Trinkaus
- 1 Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Robert E Schmidt
- 1 Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Robert T Naismith
- 1 Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Anne H Cross
- 1 Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA 1 Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Sheng-Kwei Song
- 1 Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA 1 Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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Aswendt M, Adamczak J, Tennstaedt A. A review of novel optical imaging strategies of the stroke pathology and stem cell therapy in stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:226. [PMID: 25177269 PMCID: PMC4132298 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplanted stem cells can induce and enhance functional recovery in experimental stroke. Invasive analysis has been extensively used to provide detailed cellular and molecular characterization of the stroke pathology and engrafted stem cells. But post mortem analysis is not appropriate to reveal the time scale of the dynamic interplay between the cell graft, the ischemic lesion and the endogenous repair mechanisms. This review describes non-invasive imaging techniques which have been developed to provide complementary in vivo information. Recent advances were made in analyzing simultaneously different aspects of the cell graft (e.g., number of cells, viability state, and cell fate), the ischemic lesion (e.g., blood-brain-barrier consistency, hypoxic, and necrotic areas) and the neuronal and vascular network. We focus on optical methods, which permit simple animal preparation, repetitive experimental conditions, relatively medium-cost instrumentation and are performed under mild anesthesia, thus nearly under physiological conditions. A selection of recent examples of optical intrinsic imaging, fluorescence imaging and bioluminescence imaging to characterize the stroke pathology and engrafted stem cells are discussed. Special attention is paid to novel optimal reporter genes/probes for genetic labeling and tracking of stem cells and appropriate transgenic animal models. Requirements, advantages and limitations of these imaging platforms are critically discussed and placed into the context of other non-invasive techniques, e.g., magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography, which can be joined with optical imaging in multimodal approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Annette Tennstaedt
- In-vivo-NMR Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research, KölnGermany
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30
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Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays a central role in a variety of neurological diseases, including stroke, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, and malignant CNS neoplasms, among many other. Different cell types and molecular mediators participate in a cascade of events in the brain that is ultimately aimed at control, regeneration and repair, but leads to damage of brain tissue under pathological conditions. Non-invasive molecular imaging of key players in the inflammation cascade holds promise for identification and quantification of the disease process before it is too late for effective therapeutic intervention. In this review, we focus on molecular imaging techniques that target inflammatory cells and molecules that are of interest in neuroinflammation, especially those with high translational potential. Over the past decade, a plethora of molecular imaging agents have been developed and tested in animal models of (neuro)inflammation, and a few have been translated from bench to bedside. The most promising imaging techniques to visualize neuroinflammation include MRI, positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and optical imaging methods. These techniques enable us to image adhesion molecules to visualize endothelial cell activation, assess leukocyte functions such as oxidative stress, granule release, and phagocytosis, and label a variety of inflammatory cells for cell tracking experiments. In addition, several cell types and their activation can be specifically targeted in vivo, and consequences of neuroinflammation such as neuronal death and demyelination can be quantified. As we continue to make progress in utilizing molecular imaging technology to study and understand neuroinflammation, increasing efforts and investment should be made to bring more of these novel imaging agents from the “bench to bedside.”
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Pulli
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - John W Chen
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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31
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Eaton VL, Vasquez KO, Goings GE, Hunter ZN, Peterson JD, Miller SD. Optical tomographic imaging of near infrared imaging agents quantifies disease severity and immunomodulation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in vivo. J Neuroinflammation 2013; 10:138. [PMID: 24237884 PMCID: PMC4225609 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-10-138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an animal model that captures many of the hallmarks of human multiple sclerosis (MS), including blood–brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, inflammation, demyelination and axonal destruction. The standard clinical score measurement of disease severity and progression assesses functional changes in animal mobility; however, it does not offer information regarding the underlying pathophysiology of the disease in real time. The purpose of this study was to apply a novel optical imaging technique that offers the advantage of rapid imaging of relevant biomarkers in live animals. Methods Advances in non-invasive fluorescence molecular tomographic (FMT) imaging, in combination with a variety of biological imaging agents, offer a unique, sensitive and quantifiable approach to assessing disease biology in living animals. Using vascular (AngioSense 750EX) and protease-activatable cathepsin B (Cat B 680 FAST) near infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging agents to detect BBB breakdown and inflammation, respectively, we quantified brain and spinal cord changes in mice with relapsing-remitting PLP139-151-induced EAE and in response to tolerogenic therapy. Results FMT imaging and analysis techniques were carefully characterized and non-invasive imaging results corroborated by both ex vivo tissue imaging and comparison to clinical score results and histopathological analysis of CNS tissue. FMT imaging showed clear differences between control and diseased mice, and immune tolerance induction by antigen-coupled PLGA nanoparticles effectively blocked both disease induction and accumulation of imaging agents in the brain and spinal cord. Conclusions Cat B 680 FAST and AngioSense 750EX offered the combination best able to detect disease in both the brain and spinal cord, as well as the downregulation of disease by antigen-specific tolerance. Non-invasive optical tomographic imaging thus offers a unique approach to monitoring neuroinflammatory disease and therapeutic intervention in living mice with EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie L Eaton
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 6-713 Tarry Building, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Wu C, Zhu J, Baeslack J, Zaremba A, Hecker J, Kraso J, Matthews PM, Miller RH, Wang Y. Longitudinal positron emission tomography imaging for monitoring myelin repair in the spinal cord. Ann Neurol 2013; 74:688-98. [DOI: 10.1002/ana.23965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunying Wu
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Science; Case Center for Imaging Research Department of Radiology; Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland OH
| | - Junqing Zhu
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Science; Case Center for Imaging Research Department of Radiology; Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland OH
| | - Jonathan Baeslack
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Science; Case Center for Imaging Research Department of Radiology; Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland OH
| | - Anita Zaremba
- Department of Neurosciences; Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland OH
| | - Jordan Hecker
- Department of Neurosciences; Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland OH
| | - Janet Kraso
- Department of Neurosciences; Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland OH
| | - Paul M. Matthews
- Division of Brain Sciences; Imperial College; London United Kingdom
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development; Brentford United Kingdom
| | - Robert H. Miller
- Department of Neurosciences; Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland OH
| | - Yanming Wang
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Science; Case Center for Imaging Research Department of Radiology; Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland OH
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Zendedel A, Beyer C, Kipp M. Cuprizone-induced demyelination as a tool to study remyelination and axonal protection. J Mol Neurosci 2013; 51:567-72. [PMID: 23666824 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-013-0026-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the brain of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, the conduction block of axons due to demyelination and inflammation underlies early neurological symptoms, whereas axonal transection accounts for permanent deficits occurring during later disease stages. The beneficial function of myelin for the protection of the axonal compartment and network stability between neurons has been shown in numerous studies. Thus, rapid and adequate remyelination is an important factor for axonal patronage during neuroinflammatory conditions. In this review article, we discuss frequently used experimental in vivo and in vitro animal models to examine remyelination and repair in MS. The focus of the discussion is the relevance of the toxin model 'cuprizone' to study the pathology of demyelination and the physiology of remyelination. This also includes recent findings in this animal model which implicate that axonal damage is an ongoing process independent of the initiation of endogenous remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adib Zendedel
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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Frullano L, Zhu J, Miller RH, Wang Y. Synthesis and characterization of a novel gadolinium-based contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging of myelination. J Med Chem 2013; 56:1629-40. [PMID: 23311333 DOI: 10.1021/jm301435z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Myelin is a membrane system that fosters nervous impulse conduction in the vertebrate nervous system. Myelin sheath disruption is a common characteristic of several neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and various leukodystrophies. To date, the diagnosis of MS is obtained using a set of criteria in which MRI observations play a central role. However, because of the lack of specificity for myelin integrity, the use of MRI as the primary diagnostic tool has not yet been accepted. In order to improve MR specificity, we began developing MR probes targeted toward myelin. In this work we describe a new myelin-targeted MR contrast agent, Gd-DODAS, based on a stilbene binding moiety and demonstrate its ability to specifically bind to myelin in vitro and in vivo. We also present evidence that Gd-DODAS generates MR contrast in vivo in T1-weighed images and in T1 maps that correlates to the myelin content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Frullano
- Department of Radiology, Case Center for Imaging Research, Division of Radiopharmaceutical Science, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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Burton NC, Patel M, Morscher S, Driessen WHP, Claussen J, Beziere N, Jetzfellner T, Taruttis A, Razansky D, Bednar B, Ntziachristos V. Multispectral opto-acoustic tomography (MSOT) of the brain and glioblastoma characterization. Neuroimage 2012; 65:522-8. [PMID: 23026761 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain research depends strongly on imaging for assessing function and disease in vivo. We examine herein multispectral opto-acoustic tomography (MSOT), a novel technology for high-resolution molecular imaging deep inside tissues. MSOT illuminates tissue with light pulses at multiple wavelengths and detects the acoustic waves generated by the thermoelastic expansion of the environment surrounding absorbing molecules. Using spectral unmixing analysis of the data collected, MSOT can then differentiate the spectral signatures of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin and of photo-absorbing agents and quantify their concentration. By being able to detect absorbing molecules up to centimeters deep in the tissue it represents an ideal modality for small animal brain imaging, simultaneously providing anatomical, hemodynamic, functional, and molecular information. In this work we examine the capacity of MSOT in cross-sectional brain imaging of mice. We find unprecedented optical imaging performance in cross-sectional visualization of anatomical and physiological parameters of the mouse brain. For example, the potential of MSOT to characterize ischemic brain areas was demonstrated through the use of a carbon dioxide challenge. In addition, indocyanine green (ICG) was injected intravenously, and the kinetics of uptake and clearance in the vasculature of the brain was visualized in real-time. We further found that multiparameter, multispectral imaging of the growth of U87 tumor cells injected into the brain could be visualized through the intact mouse head, for example through visualization of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the growing tumor. We also demonstrate how MSOT offers several compelling features for brain research and allows time-dependent detection and quantification of brain parameters that are not available using other imaging methods without invasive procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal C Burton
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
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Monsma PC, Brown A. FluoroMyelin™ Red is a bright, photostable and non-toxic fluorescent stain for live imaging of myelin. J Neurosci Methods 2012; 209:344-50. [PMID: 22743799 PMCID: PMC3429707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2012.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
FluoroMyelin™ Red is a commercially available water-soluble fluorescent dye that has selectivity for myelin. This dye is marketed for the visualization of myelin in brain cryosections, though it is also used widely to stain myelin in chemically fixed tissue. Here we have investigated the suitability of FluoroMyelin™ Red as a vital stain for live imaging of myelin in myelinating co-cultures of Schwann cells and dorsal root ganglion neurons. We show that addition of FluoroMyelin™ Red to the culture medium results in selective staining of myelin sheaths, with an optimal staining time of 2h, and has no apparent adverse effect on the neurons, their axons, or the myelinating cells at the light microscopic level. The fluorescence is bright and photostable, permitting long-term time-lapse imaging. After rinsing the cultures with medium lacking FluoroMyelin™ Red, the dye diffuses out of the myelin with a half life of about 130 min resulting in negligible fluorescence remaining after 18-24h. In addition, the large Stokes shift exhibited by FluoroMyelin™ Red makes it possible to readily distinguish it from popular and widely used green and red fluorescent probes such as GFP and mCherry. Thus FluoroMyelin™ Red is a useful reagent for live fluorescence imaging studies on myelinated axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula C. Monsma
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Anthony Brown
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
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Kipp M, Amor S. FTY720 on the way from the base camp to the summit of the mountain: relevance for remyelination. Mult Scler 2012; 18:258-63. [PMID: 22383435 DOI: 10.1177/1352458512438723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
FTY720 (fingolimod; Gilenya®), a sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator, is the first oral disease-modifying therapy to be approved for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. FTY720 is rapidly converted in vivo to the active S-fingolimod-phosphate, which binds to S1P receptors. This action inhibits egress of lymphocytes from the lymph nodes, preventing entry into the blood and thus infiltration into the central nervous system. More recent studies, however, convincingly show that FTY720 crosses the blood-brain barrier, where it is thought to act on S1P receptors on cells within the central nervous system, such as astrocytes, oligodendrocytes or microglia. Here we discuss the evidence showing that FTY720 also plays a role in remyelination and repair within the brain. While the mechanisms of action still require firm elucidation, it is clear that FTY720 could also be reparative, extending its therapeutic potential for multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kipp
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Germany.
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Gustafson TP, Yan Y, Newton P, Hunter DA, Achilefu S, Akers WJ, Mackinnon SE, Johnson PJ, Berezin MY. A NIR Dye for Development of Peripheral Nerve Targeted Probes. MEDCHEMCOMM 2012; 3:685-690. [PMID: 24575295 PMCID: PMC3932509 DOI: 10.1039/c2md00297c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Current imaging modalities lack the ability to quickly assess and classify nerve injury for predicting favourable versus unfavourable healing outcomes, which could minimize episodes of chronic pain and loss of function by allowing for early intervention. Thus, the development of a technique to noninvasively assess peripheral nerve damage is of critical importance. While the development of nerve specific near infrared (NIR) molecular probes capable of such diagnostics constitutes our long term goal, initial studies to identify a NIR dye for constructing such a probe are required. We have evaluated the properties of a novel highly hydrophilic and functionalizable polymethine dye, and its more hydrophobic analogue indocyanine green, within the sciatic nerve of rats following intra-nerve injection. The reporting ability of both dyes at critical depths for nerve imaging, the importance of hydrophilicity on dye transport through nervous tissue, and their toxicity - or lack thereof - to the neural environment have been evaluated. The results suggest that the novel NIR dye is an appropriate fluorescent reporter for use in designing nerve-specific optical molecular probes for non-invasive diagnosis and classification of nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany P. Gustafson
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ying Yan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Piyaraj Newton
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Daniel A. Hunter
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Samuel Achilefu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Walter J. Akers
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Susan E. Mackinnon
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Philip J. Johnson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Mikhail Y. Berezin
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Dual use of immunohistochemistry for film densitometry and light microscopy. J Neurosci Methods 2012; 208:86-91. [PMID: 22579877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Revised: 04/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we applied the principles of immunoblotting and light microscopy immunohistochemistry to develop a combined methodology that allows obtaining optical density data in films, as well as morphological and protein distribution data on slides using the same brain tissue section, thus maximizing the data obtained from a single sample. This is especially important when experiments are performed using very valuable or unique tissue samples, which is a very common case in the study of the human brain. The ideal methodology should combine the possibility of measuring levels of expression of a marker, and the capability to map accurately the distribution of that marker in the region of interest. To achieve this, two things are required: first, the technique needs to be sensitive enough to obtain optical density or intensity measurements of the marker, and second, a good preservation of the tissue is needed for the study of distribution patterns and morphological analysis. Here we show that our combined methodology produced reliable results for different tissue preservation conditions (fresh-frozen and fixed tissue), in different species (rat and human), in different brain areas (substantia nigra and striatum), and for the detection of different markers (tyrosine hydroxylase and μ-opioid receptor). This methodology also combines the accuracy of optical density data acquisition in film with obtaining histological slides from the same sample. In summary, the methodology proposed here is very versatile and does not require the use of specialized equipment, other than the routine equipment present in an anatomy laboratory.
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Li Y, Munger KL, Batool-Anwar S, De Vito K, Ascherio A, Gao X. Association of multiple sclerosis with restless legs syndrome and other sleep disorders in women. Neurology 2012; 78:1500-6. [PMID: 22539566 PMCID: PMC3345617 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182553c5b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the association of multiple sclerosis (MS) with concurrent restless legs syndrome (RLS) and daytime sleepiness. We also prospectively examined whether women with MS had an increased risk of developing RLS during 4 years of follow-up. METHODS The main analysis was based on a cross-sectional study of 65,544 women (aged 41-58 years) free of diabetes, arthritis, and pregnancy, who were participating in the Nurses' Health Study II cohort. Participants were considered to have RLS if they met 4 RLS diagnostic criteria recommended by the International Restless Leg Syndrome Study Group and had restless legs ≥ 5 times/month. MS was self-reported and confirmed by medical record review. RESULTS Among women with MS, the prevalence of RLS and severe RLS (15+ times/month) were 15.5% and 9.9% in 2005, respectively, relative to 6.4% and 2.6% among women without MS. After adjustment for potential confounders and the presence of other sleep disorders, women with MS had a higher likelihood of having RLS (odds ratio [OR] = 2.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.89-3.93), severe RLS (OR = 4.12, 95% CI 2.65-6.42), and daily daytime sleepiness (OR = 2.11, 95% CI 1.31-3.42) compared with women without MS. Among the 172 women who had MS and were free of RLS in 2005, 9 developed RLS (5.2%) during a 4-year period and all had severe RLS. The adjusted relative risk of severe RLS was 3.58 (95% CI 1.53-8.35), comparing women with MS at baseline with those without MS. CONCLUSION Women with MS had a significantly higher prevalence of RLS and daytime sleepiness and an increased risk of developing RLS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Li
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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Hoehn M, Aswendt M. Structure-function relationship of cerebral networks in experimental neuroscience: contribution of magnetic resonance imaging. Exp Neurol 2012; 242:65-73. [PMID: 22572591 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of neuronal networks, their interactions in resting condition as well as during brain activation have become of great interest for a better understanding of the signal processing of the brain during sensory stimulus or cognitive tasks. Parallel to the study of the functional networks and their dynamics, the underlying network structure is highly important as it provides the basis of the functional interaction. Moreover, under pathological conditions, some nodes in such a net may be impaired and the function of the whole network affected. Mechanisms such as functional deficit and improvement, and plastic reorganization are increasingly discussed in the context of existing structural and functional networks. While many of these aspects have been followed in human and clinical studies, the experimental range is limited for obvious reasons. Here, animal experimental studies are needed as they permit longer scan times and, moreover, comparison with invasive histology. Experimental non-invasive imaging modalities are now able to perform impressive contributions. In this review we try to highlight most recent new cutting-edge developments and applications in experimental neuroscience of functional and structural networks of the brain, relying on non-invasive imaging. We focus primarily on the potential of experimental Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), but also touch upon micro positron emission tomography (μPET) and optical imaging developments where they are applicable to the topic of the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Hoehn
- In-vivo-NMR Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research, Cologne, Germany.
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Frullano L, Zhu J, Wang C, Wu C, Miller RH, Wang Y. Myelin imaging compound (MIC) enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of myelination. J Med Chem 2011; 55:94-105. [PMID: 22098543 DOI: 10.1021/jm201010e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The vertebrate nervous system is characterized by myelination, a fundamental biological process that protects the axons and facilitates electric pulse transduction. Damage to myelin is considered a major effect of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Currently, therapeutic interventions are focused on protecting myelin integrity and promoting myelin repair. These efforts need to be accompanied by an effective imaging tool that correlates the disease progression with the extent of myelination. To date, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the primary imaging technique to detect brain lesions in MS. However, conventional MRI cannot differentiate demyelinated lesions from other inflammatory lesions and therefore cannot predict disease progression in MS. To address this problem, we have prepared a Gd-based contrast agent, termed MIC (myelin imaging compound), which binds to myelin with high specificity. In this work, we demonstrate that MIC exhibits a high kinetic stability toward transmetalation with promising relaxometric properties. MIC was used for in vivo imaging of myelination following intracerebroventricular infusion in the rat brain. MIC was found to distribute preferentially in highly myelinated regions and was able to detect regions of focally induced demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Frullano
- Department of Radiology, Case Center for Imaging Research, Division of Radiopharmaceutical Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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Hillman EMC, Amoozegar CB, Wang T, McCaslin AFH, Bouchard MB, Mansfield J, Levenson RM. In vivo optical imaging and dynamic contrast methods for biomedical research. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2011; 369:4620-43. [PMID: 22006910 PMCID: PMC3263788 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2011.0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This paper provides an overview of optical imaging methods commonly applied to basic research applications. Optical imaging is well suited for non-clinical use, since it can exploit an enormous range of endogenous and exogenous forms of contrast that provide information about the structure and function of tissues ranging from single cells to entire organisms. An additional benefit of optical imaging that is often under-exploited is its ability to acquire data at high speeds; a feature that enables it to not only observe static distributions of contrast, but to probe and characterize dynamic events related to physiology, disease progression and acute interventions in real time. The benefits and limitations of in vivo optical imaging for biomedical research applications are described, followed by a perspective on future applications of optical imaging for basic research centred on a recently introduced real-time imaging technique called dynamic contrast-enhanced small animal molecular imaging (DyCE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M C Hillman
- Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Columbia University in the City of New York, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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Ben Arous J, Binding J, Léger JF, Casado M, Topilko P, Gigan S, Boccara AC, Bourdieu L. Single myelin fiber imaging in living rodents without labeling by deep optical coherence microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2011; 16:116012. [PMID: 22112117 DOI: 10.1117/1.3650770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Myelin sheath disruption is responsible for multiple neuropathies in the central and peripheral nervous system. Myelin imaging has thus become an important diagnosis tool. However, in vivo imaging has been limited to either low-resolution techniques unable to resolve individual fibers or to low-penetration imaging of single fibers, which cannot provide quantitative information about large volumes of tissue, as required for diagnostic purposes. Here, we perform myelin imaging without labeling and at micron-scale resolution with >300-μm penetration depth on living rodents. This was achieved with a prototype [termed deep optical coherence microscopy (deep-OCM)] of a high-numerical aperture infrared full-field optical coherence microscope, which includes aberration correction for the compensation of refractive index mismatch and high-frame-rate interferometric measurements. We were able to measure the density of individual myelinated fibers in the rat cortex over a large volume of gray matter. In the peripheral nervous system, deep-OCM allows, after minor surgery, in situ imaging of single myelinated fibers over a large fraction of the sciatic nerve. This allows quantitative comparison of normal and Krox20 mutant mice, in which myelination in the peripheral nervous system is impaired. This opens promising perspectives for myelin chronic imaging in demyelinating diseases and for minimally invasive medical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Ben Arous
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS, IBENS 46 rue d'Ulm, Paris 75005 [corrected] France
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Wang C, Wu C, Zhu J, Miller RH, Wang Y. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of coumarin-based molecular probes for imaging of myelination. J Med Chem 2011; 54:2331-40. [PMID: 21391687 DOI: 10.1021/jm101489w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Myelination represents one of the most fundamental biological processes in the vertebrate nervous system. Abnormalities and changes in myelination in the central nervous system (CNS) are seen in many neurodegenerative disorders, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). A long-standing goal has been to directly detect and quantify myelin content in order to facilitate diagnosis and therapeutic treatments of myelin-related diseases. In the course of our studies, we have developed a series of small-molecule probes (SMP) as myelin-imaging agents. Among them are coumarin derivatives, which exhibit promising brain permeability and myelin-binding properties. Herein we report a full account of the design and synthesis of coumarin-based SMPs as myelin-imaging agents. Systematic evaluation of these SMPs in both the CNS and peripheral nervous system (PNS) allowed us to identify some lead agents for potential use as fluorescent dyes for intraoperative nerve mapping in surgical operations or as radiotracers for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changning Wang
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Science, Case Center for Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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