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Meghji S, Hilderley AJ, Murias K, Brooks BL, Andersen J, Fehlings D, Dlamini N, Kirton A, Carlson HL. Executive functioning, ADHD symptoms and resting state functional connectivity in children with perinatal stroke. Brain Imaging Behav 2024; 18:263-278. [PMID: 38038867 PMCID: PMC11156742 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-023-00827-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Perinatal stroke describes a group of focal, vascular brain injuries that occur early in development, often resulting in lifelong disability. Two types of perinatal stroke predominate, arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) and periventricular venous infarction (PVI). Though perinatal stroke is typically considered a motor disorder, other comorbidities commonly exist including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and deficits in executive function. Rates of ADHD symptoms are higher in children with perinatal stroke and deficits in executive function may also occur but underlying mechanisms are not known. We measured resting state functional connectivity in children with perinatal stroke using previously established dorsal attention, frontoparietal, and default mode network seeds. Associations with parental ratings of executive function and ADHD symptoms were examined. A total of 120 participants aged 6-19 years [AIS N = 31; PVI N = 30; Controls N = 59] were recruited. In comparison to typically developing peers, both the AIS and PVI groups showed lower intra- and inter-hemispheric functional connectivity values in the networks investigated. Group differences in between-network connectivity were also demonstrated, showing weaker anticorrelations between task-positive (frontoparietal and dorsal attention) and task-negative (default mode) networks in stroke groups compared to controls. Both within-network and between-network functional connectivity values were highly associated with parental reports of executive function and ADHD symptoms. These results suggest that differences in functional connectivity exist both within and between networks after perinatal stroke, the degree of which is associated with ADHD symptoms and executive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraya Meghji
- Calgary Pediatric Stroke Program, Alberta Children's Hospital, 28 Oki Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, 28 Oki Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Alicia J Hilderley
- Calgary Pediatric Stroke Program, Alberta Children's Hospital, 28 Oki Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, 28 Oki Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kara Murias
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, 28 Oki Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Brian L Brooks
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, 28 Oki Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Neurosciences Program, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - John Andersen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Darcy Fehlings
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nomazulu Dlamini
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Children's Stroke Program, Division of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adam Kirton
- Calgary Pediatric Stroke Program, Alberta Children's Hospital, 28 Oki Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, 28 Oki Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Helen L Carlson
- Calgary Pediatric Stroke Program, Alberta Children's Hospital, 28 Oki Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, 28 Oki Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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Sander K, Chai X, Barbeau EB, Kousaie S, Petrides M, Baum S, Klein D. Interhemispheric functional brain connectivity predicts new language learning success in adults. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:1217-1229. [PMID: 35348627 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigating interhemispheric interactions between homologous cortical regions during language processing is of interest. Despite prevalent left hemisphere lateralization of language, the right hemisphere also plays an important role and interhemispheric connectivity is influenced by language experience and is implicated in second language (L2) acquisition. Regions involved in language processing have differential connectivity to other cortical regions and to each other, and play specific roles in language. We examined the interhemispheric interactions of subregions of the inferior frontal gyrus (areas 44 and 45), the adjacent area 9/46v in the middle frontal gyrus, the superior temporal gyrus (STG), and the posterior inferior parietal lobule (pIPL) in relation to distinct and specific aspects of L2 learning success. The results indicated that the connectivity between left and right areas 44 and 9/46v predicted improvement in sentence repetition, connectivity between left and right area 45 and mid-STG predicted improvement in auditory comprehension, and connectivity between left and right pIPL predicted improvement in reading speed. We show interhemispheric interactions in the specific context of facilitating performance in adult L2 acquisition that follow an anterior to posterior gradient in the brain, and are consistent with the respective roles of these regions in language processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaija Sander
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.,Centre for Research on Brain, Language, and Music (CRBLM), Montréal, QC H3G 2A8, Canada
| | - Xiaoqian Chai
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.,Centre for Research on Brain, Language, and Music (CRBLM), Montréal, QC H3G 2A8, Canada.,McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Elise B Barbeau
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.,Centre for Research on Brain, Language, and Music (CRBLM), Montréal, QC H3G 2A8, Canada
| | - Shanna Kousaie
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.,School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Michael Petrides
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.,Centre for Research on Brain, Language, and Music (CRBLM), Montréal, QC H3G 2A8, Canada.,Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Shari Baum
- Centre for Research on Brain, Language, and Music (CRBLM), Montréal, QC H3G 2A8, Canada.,School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Denise Klein
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.,Centre for Research on Brain, Language, and Music (CRBLM), Montréal, QC H3G 2A8, Canada
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Early predictors of neurodevelopment after perinatal arterial ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Res 2022:10.1038/s41390-022-02433-w. [PMID: 36575364 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02433-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Perinatal arterial ischemic stroke (PAIS) often has lifelong neurodevelopmental consequences. We aimed to review early predictors (<4 months of age) of long-term outcome. METHODS We carried out a systematic literature search (PubMed and Embase), and included articles describing term-born infants with PAIS that underwent a diagnostic procedure within four months of age, and had any reported outcome parameter ≥12 months of age. Two independent reviewers included studies and performed risk of bias analysis. RESULTS We included 41 articles reporting on 1395 infants, whereof 1255 (90%) infants underwent follow-up at a median of 4 years. A meta-analysis was performed for the development of cerebral palsy (n = 23 studies); the best predictor was the qualitative or quantitative assessment of the corticospinal tracts on MRI, followed by standardized motor assessments. For long-term cognitive functioning, bedside techniques including (a)EEG and NIRS might be valuable. Injury to the optic radiation on DTI correctly predicted visual field defects. No predictors could be identified for behavior, language, and post-neonatal epilepsy. CONCLUSION Corticospinal tract assessment on MRI and standardized motor assessments are best to predict cerebral palsy after PAIS. Future research should be focused on improving outcome prediction for non-motor outcomes. IMPACT We present a systematic review of early predictors for various long-term outcome categories after perinatal arterial ischemic stroke (PAIS), including a meta-analysis for the outcome unilateral spastic cerebral palsy. Corticospinal tract assessment on MRI and standardized motor assessments are best to predict cerebral palsy after PAIS, while bedside techniques such as (a)EEG and NIRS might improve cognitive outcome prediction. Future research should be focused on improving outcome prediction for non-motor outcomes.
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Newport EL, Seydell-Greenwald A, Landau B, Turkeltaub PE, Chambers CE, Martin KC, Rennert R, Giannetti M, Dromerick AW, Ichord RN, Carpenter JL, Berl MM, Gaillard WD. Language and developmental plasticity after perinatal stroke. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2207293119. [PMID: 36215488 PMCID: PMC9586296 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2207293119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The mature human brain is lateralized for language, with the left hemisphere (LH) primarily responsible for sentence processing and the right hemisphere (RH) primarily responsible for processing suprasegmental aspects of language such as vocal emotion. However, it has long been hypothesized that in early life there is plasticity for language, allowing young children to acquire language in other cortical regions when LH areas are damaged. If true, what are the constraints on functional reorganization? Which areas of the brain can acquire language, and what happens to the functions these regions ordinarily perform? We address these questions by examining long-term outcomes in adolescents and young adults who, as infants, had a perinatal arterial ischemic stroke to the LH areas ordinarily subserving sentence processing. We compared them with their healthy age-matched siblings. All participants were tested on a battery of behavioral and functional imaging tasks. While stroke participants were impaired in some nonlinguistic cognitive abilities, their processing of sentences and of vocal emotion was normal and equal to that of their healthy siblings. In almost all, these abilities have both developed in the healthy RH. Our results provide insights into the remarkable ability of the young brain to reorganize language. Reorganization is highly constrained, with sentence processing almost always in the RH frontotemporal regions homotopic to their location in the healthy brain. This activation is somewhat segregated from RH emotion processing, suggesting that the two functions perform best when each has its own neural territory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa L. Newport
- aCenter for Brain Plasticity and Recovery, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057
- bMedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington, DC 20010
- 1To whom correspondence may be addressed.
| | - Anna Seydell-Greenwald
- aCenter for Brain Plasticity and Recovery, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057
- bMedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington, DC 20010
| | - Barbara Landau
- aCenter for Brain Plasticity and Recovery, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057
- bMedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington, DC 20010
- cJohns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Peter E. Turkeltaub
- aCenter for Brain Plasticity and Recovery, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057
- bMedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington, DC 20010
| | - Catherine E. Chambers
- aCenter for Brain Plasticity and Recovery, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057
- bMedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington, DC 20010
| | - Kelly C. Martin
- aCenter for Brain Plasticity and Recovery, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057
- bMedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington, DC 20010
| | - Rebecca Rennert
- aCenter for Brain Plasticity and Recovery, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057
- bMedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington, DC 20010
| | - Margot Giannetti
- aCenter for Brain Plasticity and Recovery, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057
- bMedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington, DC 20010
| | - Alexander W. Dromerick
- aCenter for Brain Plasticity and Recovery, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057
- bMedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington, DC 20010
| | - Rebecca N. Ichord
- dPerelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | | | - Madison M. Berl
- eChildren’s National Hospital and Center for Neuroscience, Washington, DC 20010
| | - William D. Gaillard
- aCenter for Brain Plasticity and Recovery, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057
- bMedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington, DC 20010
- eChildren’s National Hospital and Center for Neuroscience, Washington, DC 20010
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Steiner L, Federspiel A, Slavova N, Wiest R, Grunt S, Steinlin M, Everts R. Cognitive outcome is related to functional thalamo-cortical connectivity after pediatric stroke. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac110. [PMID: 35611308 PMCID: PMC9122536 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The thalamus has complex connections with the cortex and is involved in various cognitive processes. Despite increasing interest in the thalamus and the underlying thalamo-cortical interaction, little is known about thalamo-cortical connections after pediatric arterial ischemic stroke. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate thalamo-cortical connections and their association with cognitive performance after arterial ischemic stroke.
Twenty patients in the chronic phase after pediatric arterial ischemic stroke (≥ 2 years after diagnosis, diagnosed <16 years; aged 5–23 years, mean 15.1 years) and twenty healthy controls matched for age and sex were examined in a cross-sectional study design. Cognitive performance (selective attention, inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility) was evaluated using standardized neuropsychological tests. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to examine functional thalamo-cortical connectivity. Lesion masks were integrated in the preprocessing pipeline to ensure that structurally damaged voxels did not influence functional connectivity analyses.
Cognitive performance (selective attention, inhibition and working memory) was significantly reduced in patients compared to controls. Network analyses revealed significantly lower thalamo-cortical connectivity for the motor, auditory, visual, default mode network, salience, left/right executive and dorsal attention network in patients compared to controls. Interestingly, analyses revealed as well higher thalamo-cortical connectivity in some subdivisions of the thalamus for the default mode network (medial nuclei), motor (lateral nuclei), dorsal attention (anterior nuclei), and the left executive network (posterior nuclei) in patients compared to controls. Increased and decreased thalamo-cortical connectivity strength within the same networks was, however, found in different thalamic sub-divisions. Thus, alterations in thalamo-cortical connectivity strength after pediatric stroke seem to point in both directions, with stronger as well as weaker thalamo-cortical connectivity in patients compared to controls. Multivariate linear regression, with lesion size and age as covariates, revealed significant correlations between cognitive performance (selective attention, inhibition, and working memory) and the strength of thalamo-cortical connectivity in the motor, auditory, visual, default mode network, posterior default mode network, salience, left/right executive, and dorsal attention network after childhood stroke.
Our data suggest that the interaction between different sub-nuclei of the thalamus and several cortical networks relates to post-stroke cognition. The variability in cognitive outcomes after pediatric stroke might partly be explained by functional thalamo-cortical connectivity strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Steiner
- Division of Neuropaediatrics, Development and Rehabilitation, Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Health Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Federspiel
- Psychiatric Neuroimaging Unit, Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nedelina Slavova
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Pediatric Radiology, University Children's Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roland Wiest
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Grunt
- Division of Neuropaediatrics, Development and Rehabilitation, Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maja Steinlin
- Division of Neuropaediatrics, Development and Rehabilitation, Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Regula Everts
- Division of Neuropaediatrics, Development and Rehabilitation, Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Ní Bhroin M, Molloy EJ, Bokde ALW. Relationship between resting-state fMRI functional connectivity with motor and language outcome after perinatal brain injury - A systematic review. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2021; 33:36-49. [PMID: 34058624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal brain injury is a significant cause of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. The objective of this systematic review was to identify patterns of altered brain function, quantified using functional connectivity (FC) changes in resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) data, that were associated with motor and language outcomes in individuals with a history of perinatal brain injury. A systematic search using electronic databases was conducted to identify relevant studies. A total of 10 studies were included in the systematic review, representing 260 individuals with a history of perinatal brain injury. Motor and language outcomes were measured at time points ranging from 4 months to 29 years 1 month. Relations between FC and motor measures revealed increased intra-hemispheric FC, reduced inter-hemispheric FC and impaired lateralization of motor-related brain regions associated with motor outcomes. Altered FC within sensorimotor, visual, cerebellum and frontoparietal networks, and between sensorimotor, visual, auditory and higher-order networks, including cerebellum, frontoparietal, default-mode, salience, self-referential and attentional networks were also associated with motor outcomes. In studies assessing the relationship between rs-fMRI and language outcome, reduced intra-hemispheric FC, increased inter-hemispheric FC and right-hemisphere lateralization of language-related brain regions correlated with language outcomes. Evidence from this systematic review suggests a possible association between diaschisis and motor and language impairments in individuals after perinatal brain lesions. These findings support the need to explore the contributions of additional brain regions functionally connected but remote from the primary lesioned brain area for targeted treatments and appropriate intervention, though more studies with increased standardization across neuroimaging and neurodevelopmental assessments are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Ní Bhroin
- Cognitive Systems Group, Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience (TCIN), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Eleanor J Molloy
- Paediatrics and Child Health, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Ireland at Crumlin and Tallaght, Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Cognitive Systems Group, Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience (TCIN), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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François C, Garcia-Alix A, Bosch L, Rodriguez-Fornells A. Signatures of brain plasticity supporting language recovery after perinatal arterial ischemic stroke. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2021; 212:104880. [PMID: 33220646 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2020.104880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Brain imaging methods such as functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) have already been used to decipher the functional and structural brain changes occurring during normal language development. However, little is known about the differentiation of the language network after an early lesion. While in adults, stroke over the left hemisphere generally induces post-stroke aphasia, it is not always the case when a stroke occurs in the perinatal period, thus revealing a remarkable plastic power of the language network during early development. In particular, the role of perilesional tissues, as opposed to undamaged brain areas in the functional recovery of language functions after an early insult, remains unclear. In this review article, we provide an overview of the extant literature using functional and structural neuroimaging data revealing the signatures of brain plasticity underlying near-normal language development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alfredo Garcia-Alix
- Service of Genetic and Molecular Medicine, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; NeNe Foundation, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Bosch
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Rodriguez-Fornells
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
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8
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Imaging Developmental and Interventional Plasticity Following Perinatal Stroke. Can J Neurol Sci 2020; 48:157-171. [DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2020.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT:Perinatal stroke occurs around the time of birth and leads to lifelong neurological disabilities including hemiparetic cerebral palsy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has revolutionized our understanding of developmental neuroplasticity following early injury, quantifying volumetric, structural, functional, and metabolic compensatory changes after perinatal stroke. Such techniques can also be used to investigate how the brain responds to treatment (interventional neuroplasticity). Here, we review the current state of knowledge of how established and emerging neuroimaging modalities are informing neuroplasticity models in children with perinatal stroke. Specifically, we review structural imaging characterizing lesion characteristics and volumetrics, diffusion tensor imaging investigating white matter tracts and networks, task-based functional MRI for localizing function, resting state functional imaging for characterizing functional connectomes, and spectroscopy examining neurometabolic changes. Key challenges and exciting avenues for future investigations are also considered.
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9
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Right Structural and Functional Reorganization in Four-Year-Old Children with Perinatal Arterial Ischemic Stroke Predict Language Production. eNeuro 2019; 6:ENEURO.0447-18.2019. [PMID: 31383726 PMCID: PMC6749144 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0447-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain imaging methods have contributed to shed light on the mechanisms of recovery after early brain insult. The assumption that the unaffected right hemisphere can take over language functions after left perinatal stroke is still under debate. Here, we report how patterns of brain structural and functional reorganization were associated with language outcomes in a group of four-year-old children with left perinatal arterial ischemic stroke (PAIS). Specifically, we gathered specific fine-grained developmental measures of receptive and productive aspects of language as well as standardized measures of cognitive development. We also collected structural neuroimaging data as well as functional activations during a passive listening story-telling fMRI task and a resting state session (rs-fMRI). Children with a left perinatal stroke showed larger lateralization indices of both structural and functional connectivity of the dorsal language pathway towards the right hemisphere that, in turn, were associated with better language outcomes. Importantly, the pattern of structural asymmetry was significantly more right-lateralized in children with a left perinatal brain insult than in a group of matched healthy controls. These results strongly suggest that early lesions of the left dorsal pathway and the associated perisylvian regions can induce the interhemispheric transfer of language functions to right homolog regions. This study provides combined evidence of structural and functional brain reorganization of language networks after early stroke with strong implications for neurobiological models of language development.
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10
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Shi F, Salzwedel AP, Lin W, Gilmore JH, Gao W. Functional Brain Parcellations of the Infant Brain and the Associated Developmental Trends. Cereb Cortex 2019; 28:1358-1368. [PMID: 28334317 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Resting-state functional connectivity studies have dramatically improved our understanding of the early human brain functional development during the past decade. However, one emerging problem that could potentially impede future progresses in the field is the definition of regions of interest (ROI), since it is well known that functional connectivity estimation can be seriously contaminated by within-ROI signal heterogeneity. In this study, based on a large-scale rsfMRI data set in human infants (230 neonates, 143 1-year olds, and 107 2-year olds), we aimed to derive a set of anatomically constrained, infant-specific functional brain parcellations using functional connectivity-based clustering. Our results revealed significantly higher levels of signal homogeneity within the newly defined functional parcellations compared with other schemes. Importantly, the global functional connectivity patterns associated with the newly defined functional subunits demonstrated significantly increasing levels of differentiation with age, confirming increasing levels of local specialization. Subsequent whole brain connectivity analysis revealed intriguing patterns of regional-level functional connectivity developments and system-level hub redistribution during infancy. Overall, the newly derived infant-specific functional brain parcellations and the associated novel developmental patterns will likely prove valuable for future early developmental studies using the functional connectivity technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Shi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Imaging, Biomedical Imaging Research Institute (BIRI), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Andrew P Salzwedel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Imaging, Biomedical Imaging Research Institute (BIRI), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Weili Lin
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - John H Gilmore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Imaging, Biomedical Imaging Research Institute (BIRI), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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Kiran S, Thompson CK. Neuroplasticity of Language Networks in Aphasia: Advances, Updates, and Future Challenges. Front Neurol 2019; 10:295. [PMID: 31001187 PMCID: PMC6454116 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Researchers have sought to understand how language is processed in the brain, how brain damage affects language abilities, and what can be expected during the recovery period since the early 19th century. In this review, we first discuss mechanisms of damage and plasticity in the post-stroke brain, both in the acute and the chronic phase of recovery. We then review factors that are associated with recovery. First, we review organism intrinsic variables such as age, lesion volume and location and structural integrity that influence language recovery. Next, we review organism extrinsic factors such as treatment that influence language recovery. Here, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of language recovery and highlight recent work that emphasizes a network perspective of language recovery. Finally, we propose our interpretation of the principles of neuroplasticity, originally proposed by Kleim and Jones (1) in the context of extant literature in aphasia recovery and rehabilitation. Ultimately, we encourage researchers to propose sophisticated intervention studies that bring us closer to the goal of providing precision treatment for patients with aphasia and a better understanding of the neural mechanisms that underlie successful neuroplasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathi Kiran
- Sargent College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Cynthia K. Thompson
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- Department of Neurology, The Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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12
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Ikuta T, Loprinzi PD. Association of cardiorespiratory fitness on interhemispheric hippocampal and parahippocampal functional connectivity. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 50:1871-1877. [PMID: 30719776 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Interhemispheric functional connectivity is associated with cognitive functioning. Although previous work has evaluated the association of cardiorespiratory fitness on cognitive function, there has been a limited investigation of the association of cardiorespiratory fitness on the functional connectivity of memory-related brain structures. As such, the objective of this study was to examine the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and parahippocampal and hippocampal interhemispheric functional connectivity. Data from the Nathan Kline Institute-Rockland Sample (NKI-RS) were utilized. Our analysis consisted of 284 participants (Mage = 43 years; 62% female). Cardiorespiratory fitness was objectively measured using a cycle ergometer protocol. Parahippocampal and hippocampal interhemispheric functional connectivity were assessed from fMRI. Higher cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with greater parahippocampal (β = 0.004; CI, 0.00009 to 0.008, p = 0.04), but not hippocampal (β = 0.001; CI, -0.002 to 0.005, p = 0.44) interhemispheric functional connectivity. In conclusion, enhanced cardiorespiratory fitness may facilitate parahippocampal interhemispheric functional connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshikazu Ikuta
- Digital Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi
| | - Paul D Loprinzi
- Exercise and Memory Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi
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13
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Linke AC, Wild C, Zubiaurre-Elorza L, Herzmann C, Duffy H, Han VK, Lee DSC, Cusack R. Disruption to functional networks in neonates with perinatal brain injury predicts motor skills at 8 months. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2018; 18:399-406. [PMID: 29487797 PMCID: PMC5816024 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective Functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (fcMRI) of neonates with perinatal brain injury could improve prediction of motor impairment before symptoms manifest, and establish how early brain organization relates to subsequent development. This cohort study is the first to describe and quantitatively assess functional brain networks and their relation to later motor skills in neonates with a diverse range of perinatal brain injuries. Methods Infants (n = 65, included in final analyses: n = 53) were recruited from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and were stratified based on their age at birth (premature vs. term), and on whether neuropathology was diagnosed from structural MRI. Functional brain networks and a measure of disruption to functional connectivity were obtained from 14 min of fcMRI acquired during natural sleep at term-equivalent age. Results Disruption to connectivity of the somatomotor and frontoparietal executive networks predicted motor impairment at 4 and 8 months. This disruption in functional connectivity was not found to be driven by differences between clinical groups, or by any of the specific measures we captured to describe the clinical course. Conclusion fcMRI was predictive over and above other clinical measures available at discharge from the NICU, including structural MRI. Motor learning was affected by disruption to somatomotor networks, but also frontoparietal executive networks, which supports the functional importance of these networks in early development. Disruption to these two networks might be best addressed by distinct intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika C Linke
- Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, Canada; Brain Development Imaging Lab, San Diego State University, San Diego, USA.
| | - Conor Wild
- Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, Canada
| | | | | | - Hester Duffy
- Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Victor K Han
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, Canada.
| | - David S C Lee
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, Canada.
| | - Rhodri Cusack
- Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, Canada; Children's Health Research Institute, London, Canada; Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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14
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Newport EL, Landau B, Seydell-Greenwald A, Turkeltaub PE, Chambers CE, Dromerick AW, Carpenter J, Berl MM, Gaillard WD. Revisiting Lenneberg's Hypotheses About Early Developmental Plasticity: Language Organization After Left-Hemisphere Perinatal Stroke. BIOLINGUISTICS 2017; 11:407-422. [PMID: 30556058 PMCID: PMC6291004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elissa L Newport
- Georgetown University, Center for Brain Plasticity and Recovery, 4000 Reservoir Road, N.W., Washington D.C. 20057, United States of America,
| | - Barbara Landau
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Cognitive Science, 241 Krieger Hall, Baltimore, MD. 21218, United States of America,
| | - Anna Seydell-Greenwald
- Georgetown University, Center for Brain Plasticity and Recovery, 4000 Reservoir Road, N.W., Washington D.C. 20057, United States of America,
| | - Peter E Turkeltaub
- Georgetown University, Center for Brain Plasticity and Recovery, 4000 Reservoir Road, N.W., Washington D.C. 20057, United States of America,
| | - Catherine E Chambers
- Georgetown University, Center for Brain Plasticity and Recovery, 4000 Reservoir Road, N.W., Washington D.C. 20057, United States of America,
| | - Alexander W Dromerick
- MedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital & Georgetown University, Center for Brain Plasticity and Recovery, 4000 Reservoir Road, N.W., Washington D.C. 20057, United States of America,
| | - Jessica Carpenter
- Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Ave N.W., Washington D.C. 20010, United States of America,
| | - Madison M Berl
- Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Ave N.W., Washington D.C. 20010, United States of America,
| | - William D Gaillard
- Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Ave N.W., Washington D.C. 20010, United States of America,
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15
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Kim JA, Jeong JW, Behen ME, Pilli VK, Luat A, Chugani HT, Juhász C. Metabolic correlates of cognitive function in children with unilateral Sturge-Weber syndrome: Evidence for regional functional reorganization and crowding. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 39:1596-1606. [PMID: 29274110 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate metabolic changes in the ipsi- and contralateral hemisphere in children showing a cognitive profile consistent with early reorganization of cognitive function, we evaluated the regional glucose uptake, interhemispheric metabolic connectivity, and cognitive function in children with unilateral SWS. Interictal 2-deoxy-2[18 F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG)-PET scans of 27 children with unilateral SWS and mild epilepsy and 27 age-matched control (non-SWS children with epilepsy and normal FDG-PET) were compared using statistical parametric mapping (SPM). Regional FDG-PET abnormalities calculated as SPM(t) scores in the SWS group were correlated with cognitive function (IQ) in left- and right-hemispheric subgroups. Interhemispheric metabolic connectivity between homotopic cortical regions was also calculated. Verbal IQ was substantially (≥10 points difference) higher than non-verbal IQ in 61% of the right- and 71% of the left-hemispheric SWS group. FDG SPM(t) scores in the affected hemisphere showed strong positive correlations with IQ in the left-hemispheric, but not in right-hemispheric SWS group in several frontal, parietal, and temporal cortical regions. Significant positive interhemispheric metabolic connectivity, present in controls, was diminished in the SWS group. In addition, the left-hemispheric SWS group showed inverse metabolic interhemispheric correlations in specific parietal, temporal, and occipital regions. FDG SPM(t) scores in the same regions of the right (unaffected) hemisphere showed inverse correlations with IQ. These findings suggest that left-hemispheric lesions in SWS often result in early reorganization of verbal functions while interfering with ("crowding") their non-verbal cognitive abilities. These cognitive changes are associated with specific metabolic abnormalities in the contralateral hemisphere not directly affected by SWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-A Kim
- PET Center and Translational Imaging Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,The Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jeong-Won Jeong
- PET Center and Translational Imaging Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,The Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael E Behen
- PET Center and Translational Imaging Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,The Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Vinod K Pilli
- PET Center and Translational Imaging Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,The Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Aimee Luat
- The Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Harry T Chugani
- PET Center and Translational Imaging Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,The Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Neurology, Nemours DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, USA.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Csaba Juhász
- PET Center and Translational Imaging Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,The Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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16
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Age-related language lateralization assessed by fMRI: The effects of sex and handedness. Brain Res 2017; 1674:20-35. [PMID: 28830770 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies focusing on the relationship between lateralization of language function and age suffer from lack of a balanced distribution of age and handedness among participants, especially in the extremes of age. This limits our understanding of the influence of these factors on lateralization of language circuitry. The hemispheric asymmetry reduction in older adults (HAROLD) model suggests that under similar circumstances, involvement in cognitive processes of prefrontal (and potentially other) cortical areas tends to be less lateralized with age. In this study, we aimed to investigate the link between age, gender, and language lateralization in a large group of healthy participants with a relatively even distribution of age and handedness in order to further test the HAROLD model. 99 healthy men (33 left-handed; age range 18-74years) and 125 women (44 left-handed; age range 19-76) were recruited. All participants underwent fMRI at 3T with a semantic decision and a verb generation tasks and received a battery of linguistic tests. Lateralization indexes (LI) were calculated for each participant based on fMRI results for each task separately. LIs were found to be significantly decreasing with age only in right-handed men and only in temporo-parietal cortical area. LIs did not change with age in other brain regions or in left-handed subjects. Our results do not support the HAROLD model and suggest a potentially different relationship between aging and lateralization of language functions.
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17
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Atilgan H, Collignon O, Hasson U. Structural neuroplasticity of the superior temporal plane in early and late blindness. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2017; 170:71-81. [PMID: 28426947 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Blindness is associated with well-documented changes to the morphometry and function of the occipital cortex. By comparison, its impact on the perisylvian regions in the superior temporal plane (STP) is poorly understood, with many studies reporting null findings on this issue. Here we re-approach this question using a morphometric analysis that relied on fine-scale, manual annotation of 13 sub-regions within the STP and that quantified both univariate and multivariate differences in morphometry. We applied these analyses to both cortical thickness (CT) and surface area (SA) data from congenitally and late blind, as compared to two matched sighted control groups. The univariate analyses indicated that for CT, no region differentiated blind from sighted, and for SA, two regions showed lower values for congenitally blind. Moreover, the multivariate analyses identified more robust signatures of plasticity in blindness. Specifically, pairwise regional correlations of CT values between contralateral regions were significantly higher for both blind groups as compared to sighted controls. A similar pattern for SA data was found for congenitally blind alone. Our findings indicate that blindness strongly impacts STP, resulting in a more coordinated pattern of interhemispheric morphometric development. We discuss implications for theories of language plasticity and models of neuroplasticity in the blind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hicret Atilgan
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, Italy
| | - Olivier Collignon
- Institute of research in Psychology (IPSY) & Institute of Neuroscience (IoNS), University of Louvain (UCL), Belgium
| | - Uri Hasson
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, Italy.
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18
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Knecht M, Lidzba K. Processing verbal morphology in patients with congenital left-hemispheric brain lesions. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2016; 157-158:25-34. [PMID: 27156034 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to test whether children, teenagers and adults with congenital left-hemispheric brain lesions master the regularities of German verbal inflectional morphology. Thirteen patients and 35 controls without brain damage participated in three experiments. A grammaticality judgment task, a participle inflection task and a nonce-verb inflection task revealed significant differences between patients and controls. In addition, a main effect of verb type could be observed as patients and controls made more mistakes with irregular than with regular verbs. The findings indicate that the congenitally damaged brain not only has difficulties with complex syntactic structures during language development, as reported by earlier studies, but also has persistent deficits on the morphological level. These observations suggest that the plasticity of the developing brain cannot fully compensate for congenital brain damage which affects regions associated with language functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Knecht
- University of Tübingen, Collaborative Research Centre 833, Nauklerstr. 35, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Karen Lidzba
- University of Tübingen, Collaborative Research Centre 833, Nauklerstr. 35, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; University Children's Hospital, Dept. Pediatric Neurology, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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19
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Language learning and brain reorganization in a 3.5-year-old child with left perinatal stroke revealed using structural and functional connectivity. Cortex 2016; 77:95-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Lunven M, Thiebaut De Schotten M, Bourlon C, Duret C, Migliaccio R, Rode G, Bartolomeo P. White matter lesional predictors of chronic visual neglect: a longitudinal study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 138:746-60. [PMID: 25609686 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic visual neglect prevents brain-damaged patients from returning to an independent and active life. Detecting predictors of persistent neglect as early as possible after the stroke is therefore crucial to plan the relevant interventions. Neglect signs do not only depend on focal brain lesions, but also on dysfunction of large-scale brain networks connected by white matter bundles. We explored the relationship between markers of axonal degeneration occurring after the stroke and visual neglect chronicity. A group of 45 patients with unilateral strokes in the right hemisphere underwent cognitive testing for neglect twice, first at the subacute phase (<3 months after onset) and then at the chronic phase (>1 year). For each patient, magnetic resonance imaging including diffusion sequences was performed at least 4 months after the stroke. After masking each patient's lesion, we used tract-based spatial statistics to obtain a voxel-wise statistical analysis of the fractional anisotropy data. Twenty-seven patients had signs of visual neglect at initial testing. Only 10 of these patients had recovered from neglect at follow-up. When compared with patients without neglect, the group including all subacute neglect patients had decreased fractional anisotropy in the second (II) and third (III) branches of the right superior longitudinal fasciculus, as well as in the splenium of the corpus callosum. The subgroup of chronic patients showed reduced fractional anisotropy in a portion the splenium, the forceps major, which provides interhemispheric communication between regions of the occipital lobe and of the superior parietal lobules. The severity of neglect correlated with fractional anisotropy values in superior longitudinal fasciculus II/III for subacute patients and in its caudal portion for chronic patients. Our results confirm a key role of fronto-parietal disconnection in the emergence and chronic persistence of neglect, and demonstrate an implication of caudal interhemispheric disconnection in chronic neglect. Splenial disconnection may prevent fronto-parietal networks in the left hemisphere from resolving the activity imbalance with their right hemisphere counterparts, thus leading to persistent neglect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Lunven
- 1 INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, and Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), F-75013 Paris, France 2 Service de Médecine Physique et Réadaptation, Unité de Rééducation Neurologique CRF 'Les Trois Soleils' Boissise le Roi, France 3 Inserm UMR_S 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, ImpAct, centre des neurosciences de Lyon, université Lyon-1, 16, avenue Lépine 69676 Bron, France
| | - Michel Thiebaut De Schotten
- 1 INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, and Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), F-75013 Paris, France 4 Natbrainlab, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK
| | - Clémence Bourlon
- 2 Service de Médecine Physique et Réadaptation, Unité de Rééducation Neurologique CRF 'Les Trois Soleils' Boissise le Roi, France
| | - Christophe Duret
- 2 Service de Médecine Physique et Réadaptation, Unité de Rééducation Neurologique CRF 'Les Trois Soleils' Boissise le Roi, France
| | - Raffaella Migliaccio
- 1 INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, and Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), F-75013 Paris, France 5 AP-HP, Department of Neurology, IFR 70, Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Rode
- 3 Inserm UMR_S 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, ImpAct, centre des neurosciences de Lyon, université Lyon-1, 16, avenue Lépine 69676 Bron, France 6 Service de médecine physique et réadaptation neurologique, hospital Henry-Gabrielle, hospice civils de Lyon, 20, route de Vourles, Saint-Genis-Laval, France
| | - Paolo Bartolomeo
- 1 INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, and Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), F-75013 Paris, France 5 AP-HP, Department of Neurology, IFR 70, Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France 7 Department of Psychology, Catholic University, Milan, Italy
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Meng Y, Zhang X. Transcallosal connectivity changes from infancy to late adulthood: an ex vivo diffusion spectrum imaging study of macaque brains. Brain Connect 2014; 5:147-55. [PMID: 25389564 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2014.0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interhemispheric communication plays a critical role to ensure normal brain functions in cognition and behavior. Since non-human primate (NHP) brains resemble most aspects of the human brain, a thorough knowledge of interhemispheric cortical connectivity changes in NHP brains throughout the developmental and aging periods may provide valuable insights for translational and clinical research. In this study, formalin-fixed rhesus monkey brains aged from 1 to 24 years were utilized to examine transcallosal connectivity changes using diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI). It was found that the transcallosal connectivity for most frontal cortical areas, including dorso- and ventro-lateral prefrontal, premotor, and motor cortices, demonstrated pronounced age-related alterations. However, such a pattern was less obvious in temporal, posterior parietal, and visual cortices. The DSI results reveal the age-related evolution pattern of transcallosal connectivity in various cortical areas of macaque brains from infancy to late adulthood, and may have implications for assessing the functional defects or alterations in the associated cortical areas during brain development and aging in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuguang Meng
- 1 Yerkes Imaging Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia
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Werner K, Fosi T, Boyd SG, Baldeweg T, Scott RC, Neville BG. Temporal lobe impairment in West syndrome: event-related potential evidence. Ann Neurol 2014; 77:47-57. [PMID: 25363285 PMCID: PMC4305199 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study investigates auditory processing in infants with West syndrome (WS) using event-related potentials (ERPs). Methods ERPs were measured in 25 infants with mainly symptomatic WS (age range = 3–10 months) and 26 healthy term infants (age range = 3–9 months) using an auditory novelty oddball paradigm. The ERP recordings were made during wakefulness and repeated in stage II sleep. Results The obligatory components (P150, N250, P350) and novelty response components (P300, Nc) were recordable during both sleep and wakefulness in patients and controls. All ERP latencies decreased with age in controls but not in the WS group (age × group interaction, F = 22.3, p < 0.0001). These ERP latency alterations were not affected by pharmacological treatment for WS. Interpretation This study demonstrated a persistently altered ERP signature in patients with a recent history of infantile spasms. The prolongation of auditory obligatory and novelty ERPs in WS patients indicates a severe failure of temporal lobe maturation during infancy. It remains to be investigated whether this predicts long-term cognitive impairments characteristic for this epileptic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Werner
- Young Epilepsy, Surrey, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service Trust, London; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service Trust, London; Clinical Neurosciences, University College London Institute of Child Health, London
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Abstract
Following stroke, patients are commonly left with debilitating motor and speech impairments. This article reviews the state of the art in neurological repair for stroke and proposes a new model for the future. We suggest that stroke treatment--from the time of the ictus itself to living with the consequences--must be fundamentally neurological, from limiting the extent of injury at the outset, to repairing the consequent damage. Our model links brain and behaviour by targeting brain circuits, and we illustrate the model though action observation treatment, which aims to enhance brain network connectivity. The model is based on the assumptions that the mechanisms of neural repair inherently involve cellular and circuit plasticity, that brain plasticity is a synaptic phenomenon that is largely stimulus-dependent, and that brain repair required both physical and behavioural interventions that are tailored to reorganize specific brain circuits. We review current approaches to brain repair after stroke and present our new model, and discuss the biological foundations, rationales, and data to support our novel approach to upper-extremity and language rehabilitation. We believe that by enhancing plasticity at the level of brain network interactions, this neurological model for brain repair could ultimately lead to a cure for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Small
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, 200 Manchester Avenue, Suite 206, Orange, CA 92697, USA
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Pahs G, Rankin P, Helen Cross J, Croft L, Northam GB, Liegeois F, Greenway S, Harrison S, Vargha-Khadem F, Baldeweg T. Asymmetry of planum temporale constrains interhemispheric language plasticity in children with focal epilepsy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 136:3163-75. [PMID: 24022474 PMCID: PMC4038779 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awt225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Reorganization of eloquent cortex enables rescue of language functions in patients who sustain brain injury. Individuals with left-sided, early-onset focal epilepsy often show atypical (i.e. bilateral or right-sided) language dominance. Surprisingly, many patients fail to show such interhemispheric shift of language despite having major epileptogenic lesions in close proximity to eloquent cortex. Although a number of epilepsy-related factors may promote interhemispheric plasticity, it has remained unexplored if neuroanatomical asymmetries linked to human language dominance modify the likelihood of atypical lateralization. Here we examined the asymmetry of the planum temporale, one of the most striking asymmetries in the human brain, in relation to language lateralization in children with left-sided focal epilepsy. Language functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 51 children with focal epilepsy and left-sided lesions and 36 healthy control subjects. We examined the association of language laterality with a range of potential clinical predictors and the asymmetry of the length of the planum temporale. Using voxel-based methods, we sought to determine the effect of lesion location (in the affected left hemisphere) and grey matter density (in the unaffected right hemisphere) on language laterality. Atypical language lateralization was observed in 19 patients (38%) and in four controls (11%). Language laterality was increasingly right-sided in patients who showed atypical handedness, a left perisylvian ictal electroencephalographic focus, and a lesion in left anterior superior temporal or inferior frontal regions. Most striking was the relationship between rightward asymmetry of the planum temporale and atypical language (R = 0.70, P < 0.0001); patients with a longer planum temporale in the right (unaffected) hemisphere were more likely to have atypical language dominance. Voxel-based regression analysis confirmed that increased grey matter density in the right temporo-parietal junction was correlated with right hemisphere lateralization of language. The length of the planum temporale in the right hemisphere was the main predictor of language lateralization in the epilepsy group, accounting for 48% of variance, with handedness accounting for only a further 5%. There was no correlation between language lateralization and planum temporale asymmetry in the control group. We conclude that asymmetry of the planum temporale may be unrelated to language lateralization in healthy individuals, but the size of the right, contra-lesional planum temporale region may reflect a ‘reserve capacity’ for interhemispheric language reorganization in the presence of a seizure focus and lesions within left perisylvian regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Pahs
- 1 Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
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