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Shaikh AG, Beylergil SB, Scorr L, Kilic-Berkmen G, Freeman A, Klein C, Junker J, Loens S, Brüggemann N, Münchau A, Bäumer T, Vidailhet M, Roze E, Bonnet C, Jankovic J, Jimenez-Shahed J, Patel N, Marsh L, Comella C, Barbano RL, Berman BD, Malaty I, Wagle Shukla A, Reich SG, Ledoux MS, Berardelli A, Ferrazzano G, Stover N, Ondo W, Pirio Richardson S, Saunders-Pullman R, Mari Z, Agarwal P, Adler C, Chouinard S, Fox SH, Brashear A, Truong D, Suchowersky O, Frank S, Factor S, Perlmutter J, Jinnah HA. Dystonia and Tremor: A Cross-Sectional Study of the Dystonia Coalition Cohort. Neurology 2020; 96:e563-e574. [PMID: 33046615 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000011049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the clinical manifestations and predictors of different types of tremors in individuals with different types of isolated dystonia. METHODS Clinical manifestations of tremor were assessed in a multicenter, international cross-sectional, cohort study of 2,362 individuals with all types of isolated dystonia (focal, segmental, multifocal, and generalized) recruited through the Dystonia Coalition. RESULTS Methodical and standardized assessments of all participants in this cohort revealed the overall prevalence of any type of tremor was 53.3%. The prevalence of dystonic tremor varied from 36.9% to 48.4%, depending on criteria used to define it. To identify the factors associated with tremors in dystonia, the data were analyzed by generalized linear modeling and cluster analyses. Generalized linear modeling indicated 2 of the strongest factors associated with tremor included body region affected by dystonia and recruitment center. Tremor was also associated with severity of dystonia and duration of dystonia, but not with sex or race. The cluster analysis distinguished 8 subgroups within the whole cohort; defined largely by body region with dystonia, and secondarily by other clinical characteristics. CONCLUSION The large number of cases evaluated by an international team of movement disorder experts facilitated the dissection of several important factors that influence the apparent prevalence and phenomenology of tremor in dystonia. These results are valuable for understanding the many differences reported in prior studies, and for guiding future studies of the nosology of tremor and dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aasef G Shaikh
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.G.S., S.B.B.) and Neurology (A.G.S.), Case Western University School of Medicine; Neurological Institute (A.G.S.), University Hospitals Cleveland; Neurology Service (A.G.S.), Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, OH; Department of Neurology (L.S., G.K.-B., A.F., S. Factor, H.A.J.), Human Genetics (H.A.J.), and Pediatrics (H.A.J.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Neurogenetics (C.K., J.J., S.L., N.B., A.M., T.B.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.V., E.R., C.B.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.J.-S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.P.), Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (L.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neurological Sciences (C.C.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (R.L.B.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (B.D.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Neurology (I.M., A.W.S.), Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (S.G.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; University of Tennessee Health Science Center (M.S.L.), Memphis; Department of Neurosciences (A.B.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome; IRCCS Neuromed (G.F.), Pozzilli, Italy; The University of Alabama at Birmingham (N.S.); Methodist Neurological Institute (W.O.), Houston, TX; Department of Neurology (S.P.R.), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque; Department of Neurology (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY; Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (Z.M.), Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (P.A.), Kirkland, WA; Mayo Clinic (C.A.), Scottsdale, AZ; Andre Barbeau Movement Disorders Unit (S.C.), Montreal University Hospital Center (CHUM); Movement Disorder Clinic (S.H.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, Division of Neurology University of Toronto, Canada; UC Davis School of Medicine (A.B.), Sacramento; The Parkinson's and Movement Disorder Institute (D.T.), Orange Coast Memorial Medical Center, Fountain Valley, CA; Department of Medicine (O.S.), Medical Genetics, and Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (S. Frank), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; and Neurology, Radiology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy (J.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Sinem Balta Beylergil
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.G.S., S.B.B.) and Neurology (A.G.S.), Case Western University School of Medicine; Neurological Institute (A.G.S.), University Hospitals Cleveland; Neurology Service (A.G.S.), Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, OH; Department of Neurology (L.S., G.K.-B., A.F., S. Factor, H.A.J.), Human Genetics (H.A.J.), and Pediatrics (H.A.J.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Neurogenetics (C.K., J.J., S.L., N.B., A.M., T.B.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.V., E.R., C.B.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.J.-S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.P.), Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (L.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neurological Sciences (C.C.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (R.L.B.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (B.D.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Neurology (I.M., A.W.S.), Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (S.G.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; University of Tennessee Health Science Center (M.S.L.), Memphis; Department of Neurosciences (A.B.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome; IRCCS Neuromed (G.F.), Pozzilli, Italy; The University of Alabama at Birmingham (N.S.); Methodist Neurological Institute (W.O.), Houston, TX; Department of Neurology (S.P.R.), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque; Department of Neurology (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY; Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (Z.M.), Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (P.A.), Kirkland, WA; Mayo Clinic (C.A.), Scottsdale, AZ; Andre Barbeau Movement Disorders Unit (S.C.), Montreal University Hospital Center (CHUM); Movement Disorder Clinic (S.H.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, Division of Neurology University of Toronto, Canada; UC Davis School of Medicine (A.B.), Sacramento; The Parkinson's and Movement Disorder Institute (D.T.), Orange Coast Memorial Medical Center, Fountain Valley, CA; Department of Medicine (O.S.), Medical Genetics, and Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (S. Frank), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; and Neurology, Radiology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy (J.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Laura Scorr
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.G.S., S.B.B.) and Neurology (A.G.S.), Case Western University School of Medicine; Neurological Institute (A.G.S.), University Hospitals Cleveland; Neurology Service (A.G.S.), Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, OH; Department of Neurology (L.S., G.K.-B., A.F., S. Factor, H.A.J.), Human Genetics (H.A.J.), and Pediatrics (H.A.J.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Neurogenetics (C.K., J.J., S.L., N.B., A.M., T.B.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.V., E.R., C.B.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.J.-S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.P.), Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (L.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neurological Sciences (C.C.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (R.L.B.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (B.D.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Neurology (I.M., A.W.S.), Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (S.G.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; University of Tennessee Health Science Center (M.S.L.), Memphis; Department of Neurosciences (A.B.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome; IRCCS Neuromed (G.F.), Pozzilli, Italy; The University of Alabama at Birmingham (N.S.); Methodist Neurological Institute (W.O.), Houston, TX; Department of Neurology (S.P.R.), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque; Department of Neurology (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY; Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (Z.M.), Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (P.A.), Kirkland, WA; Mayo Clinic (C.A.), Scottsdale, AZ; Andre Barbeau Movement Disorders Unit (S.C.), Montreal University Hospital Center (CHUM); Movement Disorder Clinic (S.H.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, Division of Neurology University of Toronto, Canada; UC Davis School of Medicine (A.B.), Sacramento; The Parkinson's and Movement Disorder Institute (D.T.), Orange Coast Memorial Medical Center, Fountain Valley, CA; Department of Medicine (O.S.), Medical Genetics, and Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (S. Frank), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; and Neurology, Radiology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy (J.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Gamze Kilic-Berkmen
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.G.S., S.B.B.) and Neurology (A.G.S.), Case Western University School of Medicine; Neurological Institute (A.G.S.), University Hospitals Cleveland; Neurology Service (A.G.S.), Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, OH; Department of Neurology (L.S., G.K.-B., A.F., S. Factor, H.A.J.), Human Genetics (H.A.J.), and Pediatrics (H.A.J.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Neurogenetics (C.K., J.J., S.L., N.B., A.M., T.B.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.V., E.R., C.B.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.J.-S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.P.), Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (L.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neurological Sciences (C.C.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (R.L.B.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (B.D.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Neurology (I.M., A.W.S.), Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (S.G.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; University of Tennessee Health Science Center (M.S.L.), Memphis; Department of Neurosciences (A.B.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome; IRCCS Neuromed (G.F.), Pozzilli, Italy; The University of Alabama at Birmingham (N.S.); Methodist Neurological Institute (W.O.), Houston, TX; Department of Neurology (S.P.R.), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque; Department of Neurology (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY; Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (Z.M.), Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (P.A.), Kirkland, WA; Mayo Clinic (C.A.), Scottsdale, AZ; Andre Barbeau Movement Disorders Unit (S.C.), Montreal University Hospital Center (CHUM); Movement Disorder Clinic (S.H.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, Division of Neurology University of Toronto, Canada; UC Davis School of Medicine (A.B.), Sacramento; The Parkinson's and Movement Disorder Institute (D.T.), Orange Coast Memorial Medical Center, Fountain Valley, CA; Department of Medicine (O.S.), Medical Genetics, and Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (S. Frank), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; and Neurology, Radiology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy (J.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Alan Freeman
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.G.S., S.B.B.) and Neurology (A.G.S.), Case Western University School of Medicine; Neurological Institute (A.G.S.), University Hospitals Cleveland; Neurology Service (A.G.S.), Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, OH; Department of Neurology (L.S., G.K.-B., A.F., S. Factor, H.A.J.), Human Genetics (H.A.J.), and Pediatrics (H.A.J.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Neurogenetics (C.K., J.J., S.L., N.B., A.M., T.B.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.V., E.R., C.B.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.J.-S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.P.), Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (L.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neurological Sciences (C.C.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (R.L.B.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (B.D.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Neurology (I.M., A.W.S.), Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (S.G.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; University of Tennessee Health Science Center (M.S.L.), Memphis; Department of Neurosciences (A.B.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome; IRCCS Neuromed (G.F.), Pozzilli, Italy; The University of Alabama at Birmingham (N.S.); Methodist Neurological Institute (W.O.), Houston, TX; Department of Neurology (S.P.R.), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque; Department of Neurology (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY; Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (Z.M.), Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (P.A.), Kirkland, WA; Mayo Clinic (C.A.), Scottsdale, AZ; Andre Barbeau Movement Disorders Unit (S.C.), Montreal University Hospital Center (CHUM); Movement Disorder Clinic (S.H.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, Division of Neurology University of Toronto, Canada; UC Davis School of Medicine (A.B.), Sacramento; The Parkinson's and Movement Disorder Institute (D.T.), Orange Coast Memorial Medical Center, Fountain Valley, CA; Department of Medicine (O.S.), Medical Genetics, and Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (S. Frank), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; and Neurology, Radiology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy (J.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Christine Klein
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.G.S., S.B.B.) and Neurology (A.G.S.), Case Western University School of Medicine; Neurological Institute (A.G.S.), University Hospitals Cleveland; Neurology Service (A.G.S.), Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, OH; Department of Neurology (L.S., G.K.-B., A.F., S. Factor, H.A.J.), Human Genetics (H.A.J.), and Pediatrics (H.A.J.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Neurogenetics (C.K., J.J., S.L., N.B., A.M., T.B.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.V., E.R., C.B.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.J.-S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.P.), Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (L.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neurological Sciences (C.C.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (R.L.B.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (B.D.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Neurology (I.M., A.W.S.), Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (S.G.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; University of Tennessee Health Science Center (M.S.L.), Memphis; Department of Neurosciences (A.B.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome; IRCCS Neuromed (G.F.), Pozzilli, Italy; The University of Alabama at Birmingham (N.S.); Methodist Neurological Institute (W.O.), Houston, TX; Department of Neurology (S.P.R.), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque; Department of Neurology (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY; Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (Z.M.), Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (P.A.), Kirkland, WA; Mayo Clinic (C.A.), Scottsdale, AZ; Andre Barbeau Movement Disorders Unit (S.C.), Montreal University Hospital Center (CHUM); Movement Disorder Clinic (S.H.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, Division of Neurology University of Toronto, Canada; UC Davis School of Medicine (A.B.), Sacramento; The Parkinson's and Movement Disorder Institute (D.T.), Orange Coast Memorial Medical Center, Fountain Valley, CA; Department of Medicine (O.S.), Medical Genetics, and Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (S. Frank), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; and Neurology, Radiology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy (J.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Johanna Junker
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.G.S., S.B.B.) and Neurology (A.G.S.), Case Western University School of Medicine; Neurological Institute (A.G.S.), University Hospitals Cleveland; Neurology Service (A.G.S.), Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, OH; Department of Neurology (L.S., G.K.-B., A.F., S. Factor, H.A.J.), Human Genetics (H.A.J.), and Pediatrics (H.A.J.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Neurogenetics (C.K., J.J., S.L., N.B., A.M., T.B.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.V., E.R., C.B.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.J.-S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.P.), Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (L.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neurological Sciences (C.C.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (R.L.B.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (B.D.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Neurology (I.M., A.W.S.), Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (S.G.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; University of Tennessee Health Science Center (M.S.L.), Memphis; Department of Neurosciences (A.B.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome; IRCCS Neuromed (G.F.), Pozzilli, Italy; The University of Alabama at Birmingham (N.S.); Methodist Neurological Institute (W.O.), Houston, TX; Department of Neurology (S.P.R.), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque; Department of Neurology (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY; Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (Z.M.), Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (P.A.), Kirkland, WA; Mayo Clinic (C.A.), Scottsdale, AZ; Andre Barbeau Movement Disorders Unit (S.C.), Montreal University Hospital Center (CHUM); Movement Disorder Clinic (S.H.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, Division of Neurology University of Toronto, Canada; UC Davis School of Medicine (A.B.), Sacramento; The Parkinson's and Movement Disorder Institute (D.T.), Orange Coast Memorial Medical Center, Fountain Valley, CA; Department of Medicine (O.S.), Medical Genetics, and Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (S. Frank), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; and Neurology, Radiology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy (J.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Sebastian Loens
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.G.S., S.B.B.) and Neurology (A.G.S.), Case Western University School of Medicine; Neurological Institute (A.G.S.), University Hospitals Cleveland; Neurology Service (A.G.S.), Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, OH; Department of Neurology (L.S., G.K.-B., A.F., S. Factor, H.A.J.), Human Genetics (H.A.J.), and Pediatrics (H.A.J.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Neurogenetics (C.K., J.J., S.L., N.B., A.M., T.B.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.V., E.R., C.B.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.J.-S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.P.), Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (L.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neurological Sciences (C.C.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (R.L.B.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (B.D.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Neurology (I.M., A.W.S.), Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (S.G.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; University of Tennessee Health Science Center (M.S.L.), Memphis; Department of Neurosciences (A.B.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome; IRCCS Neuromed (G.F.), Pozzilli, Italy; The University of Alabama at Birmingham (N.S.); Methodist Neurological Institute (W.O.), Houston, TX; Department of Neurology (S.P.R.), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque; Department of Neurology (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY; Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (Z.M.), Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (P.A.), Kirkland, WA; Mayo Clinic (C.A.), Scottsdale, AZ; Andre Barbeau Movement Disorders Unit (S.C.), Montreal University Hospital Center (CHUM); Movement Disorder Clinic (S.H.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, Division of Neurology University of Toronto, Canada; UC Davis School of Medicine (A.B.), Sacramento; The Parkinson's and Movement Disorder Institute (D.T.), Orange Coast Memorial Medical Center, Fountain Valley, CA; Department of Medicine (O.S.), Medical Genetics, and Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (S. Frank), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; and Neurology, Radiology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy (J.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Norbert Brüggemann
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.G.S., S.B.B.) and Neurology (A.G.S.), Case Western University School of Medicine; Neurological Institute (A.G.S.), University Hospitals Cleveland; Neurology Service (A.G.S.), Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, OH; Department of Neurology (L.S., G.K.-B., A.F., S. Factor, H.A.J.), Human Genetics (H.A.J.), and Pediatrics (H.A.J.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Neurogenetics (C.K., J.J., S.L., N.B., A.M., T.B.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.V., E.R., C.B.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.J.-S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.P.), Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (L.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neurological Sciences (C.C.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (R.L.B.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (B.D.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Neurology (I.M., A.W.S.), Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (S.G.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; University of Tennessee Health Science Center (M.S.L.), Memphis; Department of Neurosciences (A.B.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome; IRCCS Neuromed (G.F.), Pozzilli, Italy; The University of Alabama at Birmingham (N.S.); Methodist Neurological Institute (W.O.), Houston, TX; Department of Neurology (S.P.R.), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque; Department of Neurology (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY; Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (Z.M.), Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (P.A.), Kirkland, WA; Mayo Clinic (C.A.), Scottsdale, AZ; Andre Barbeau Movement Disorders Unit (S.C.), Montreal University Hospital Center (CHUM); Movement Disorder Clinic (S.H.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, Division of Neurology University of Toronto, Canada; UC Davis School of Medicine (A.B.), Sacramento; The Parkinson's and Movement Disorder Institute (D.T.), Orange Coast Memorial Medical Center, Fountain Valley, CA; Department of Medicine (O.S.), Medical Genetics, and Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (S. Frank), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; and Neurology, Radiology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy (J.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Alexander Münchau
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.G.S., S.B.B.) and Neurology (A.G.S.), Case Western University School of Medicine; Neurological Institute (A.G.S.), University Hospitals Cleveland; Neurology Service (A.G.S.), Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, OH; Department of Neurology (L.S., G.K.-B., A.F., S. Factor, H.A.J.), Human Genetics (H.A.J.), and Pediatrics (H.A.J.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Neurogenetics (C.K., J.J., S.L., N.B., A.M., T.B.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.V., E.R., C.B.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.J.-S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.P.), Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (L.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neurological Sciences (C.C.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (R.L.B.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (B.D.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Neurology (I.M., A.W.S.), Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (S.G.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; University of Tennessee Health Science Center (M.S.L.), Memphis; Department of Neurosciences (A.B.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome; IRCCS Neuromed (G.F.), Pozzilli, Italy; The University of Alabama at Birmingham (N.S.); Methodist Neurological Institute (W.O.), Houston, TX; Department of Neurology (S.P.R.), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque; Department of Neurology (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY; Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (Z.M.), Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (P.A.), Kirkland, WA; Mayo Clinic (C.A.), Scottsdale, AZ; Andre Barbeau Movement Disorders Unit (S.C.), Montreal University Hospital Center (CHUM); Movement Disorder Clinic (S.H.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, Division of Neurology University of Toronto, Canada; UC Davis School of Medicine (A.B.), Sacramento; The Parkinson's and Movement Disorder Institute (D.T.), Orange Coast Memorial Medical Center, Fountain Valley, CA; Department of Medicine (O.S.), Medical Genetics, and Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (S. Frank), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; and Neurology, Radiology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy (J.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Tobias Bäumer
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.G.S., S.B.B.) and Neurology (A.G.S.), Case Western University School of Medicine; Neurological Institute (A.G.S.), University Hospitals Cleveland; Neurology Service (A.G.S.), Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, OH; Department of Neurology (L.S., G.K.-B., A.F., S. Factor, H.A.J.), Human Genetics (H.A.J.), and Pediatrics (H.A.J.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Neurogenetics (C.K., J.J., S.L., N.B., A.M., T.B.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.V., E.R., C.B.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.J.-S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.P.), Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (L.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neurological Sciences (C.C.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (R.L.B.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (B.D.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Neurology (I.M., A.W.S.), Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (S.G.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; University of Tennessee Health Science Center (M.S.L.), Memphis; Department of Neurosciences (A.B.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome; IRCCS Neuromed (G.F.), Pozzilli, Italy; The University of Alabama at Birmingham (N.S.); Methodist Neurological Institute (W.O.), Houston, TX; Department of Neurology (S.P.R.), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque; Department of Neurology (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY; Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (Z.M.), Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (P.A.), Kirkland, WA; Mayo Clinic (C.A.), Scottsdale, AZ; Andre Barbeau Movement Disorders Unit (S.C.), Montreal University Hospital Center (CHUM); Movement Disorder Clinic (S.H.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, Division of Neurology University of Toronto, Canada; UC Davis School of Medicine (A.B.), Sacramento; The Parkinson's and Movement Disorder Institute (D.T.), Orange Coast Memorial Medical Center, Fountain Valley, CA; Department of Medicine (O.S.), Medical Genetics, and Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (S. Frank), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; and Neurology, Radiology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy (J.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Marie Vidailhet
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.G.S., S.B.B.) and Neurology (A.G.S.), Case Western University School of Medicine; Neurological Institute (A.G.S.), University Hospitals Cleveland; Neurology Service (A.G.S.), Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, OH; Department of Neurology (L.S., G.K.-B., A.F., S. Factor, H.A.J.), Human Genetics (H.A.J.), and Pediatrics (H.A.J.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Neurogenetics (C.K., J.J., S.L., N.B., A.M., T.B.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.V., E.R., C.B.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.J.-S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.P.), Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (L.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neurological Sciences (C.C.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (R.L.B.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (B.D.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Neurology (I.M., A.W.S.), Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (S.G.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; University of Tennessee Health Science Center (M.S.L.), Memphis; Department of Neurosciences (A.B.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome; IRCCS Neuromed (G.F.), Pozzilli, Italy; The University of Alabama at Birmingham (N.S.); Methodist Neurological Institute (W.O.), Houston, TX; Department of Neurology (S.P.R.), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque; Department of Neurology (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY; Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (Z.M.), Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (P.A.), Kirkland, WA; Mayo Clinic (C.A.), Scottsdale, AZ; Andre Barbeau Movement Disorders Unit (S.C.), Montreal University Hospital Center (CHUM); Movement Disorder Clinic (S.H.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, Division of Neurology University of Toronto, Canada; UC Davis School of Medicine (A.B.), Sacramento; The Parkinson's and Movement Disorder Institute (D.T.), Orange Coast Memorial Medical Center, Fountain Valley, CA; Department of Medicine (O.S.), Medical Genetics, and Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (S. Frank), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; and Neurology, Radiology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy (J.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Emmanuel Roze
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.G.S., S.B.B.) and Neurology (A.G.S.), Case Western University School of Medicine; Neurological Institute (A.G.S.), University Hospitals Cleveland; Neurology Service (A.G.S.), Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, OH; Department of Neurology (L.S., G.K.-B., A.F., S. Factor, H.A.J.), Human Genetics (H.A.J.), and Pediatrics (H.A.J.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Neurogenetics (C.K., J.J., S.L., N.B., A.M., T.B.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.V., E.R., C.B.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.J.-S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.P.), Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (L.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neurological Sciences (C.C.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (R.L.B.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (B.D.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Neurology (I.M., A.W.S.), Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (S.G.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; University of Tennessee Health Science Center (M.S.L.), Memphis; Department of Neurosciences (A.B.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome; IRCCS Neuromed (G.F.), Pozzilli, Italy; The University of Alabama at Birmingham (N.S.); Methodist Neurological Institute (W.O.), Houston, TX; Department of Neurology (S.P.R.), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque; Department of Neurology (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY; Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (Z.M.), Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (P.A.), Kirkland, WA; Mayo Clinic (C.A.), Scottsdale, AZ; Andre Barbeau Movement Disorders Unit (S.C.), Montreal University Hospital Center (CHUM); Movement Disorder Clinic (S.H.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, Division of Neurology University of Toronto, Canada; UC Davis School of Medicine (A.B.), Sacramento; The Parkinson's and Movement Disorder Institute (D.T.), Orange Coast Memorial Medical Center, Fountain Valley, CA; Department of Medicine (O.S.), Medical Genetics, and Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (S. Frank), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; and Neurology, Radiology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy (J.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Cecilia Bonnet
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.G.S., S.B.B.) and Neurology (A.G.S.), Case Western University School of Medicine; Neurological Institute (A.G.S.), University Hospitals Cleveland; Neurology Service (A.G.S.), Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, OH; Department of Neurology (L.S., G.K.-B., A.F., S. Factor, H.A.J.), Human Genetics (H.A.J.), and Pediatrics (H.A.J.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Neurogenetics (C.K., J.J., S.L., N.B., A.M., T.B.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.V., E.R., C.B.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.J.-S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.P.), Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (L.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neurological Sciences (C.C.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (R.L.B.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (B.D.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Neurology (I.M., A.W.S.), Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (S.G.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; University of Tennessee Health Science Center (M.S.L.), Memphis; Department of Neurosciences (A.B.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome; IRCCS Neuromed (G.F.), Pozzilli, Italy; The University of Alabama at Birmingham (N.S.); Methodist Neurological Institute (W.O.), Houston, TX; Department of Neurology (S.P.R.), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque; Department of Neurology (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY; Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (Z.M.), Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (P.A.), Kirkland, WA; Mayo Clinic (C.A.), Scottsdale, AZ; Andre Barbeau Movement Disorders Unit (S.C.), Montreal University Hospital Center (CHUM); Movement Disorder Clinic (S.H.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, Division of Neurology University of Toronto, Canada; UC Davis School of Medicine (A.B.), Sacramento; The Parkinson's and Movement Disorder Institute (D.T.), Orange Coast Memorial Medical Center, Fountain Valley, CA; Department of Medicine (O.S.), Medical Genetics, and Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (S. Frank), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; and Neurology, Radiology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy (J.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Joseph Jankovic
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.G.S., S.B.B.) and Neurology (A.G.S.), Case Western University School of Medicine; Neurological Institute (A.G.S.), University Hospitals Cleveland; Neurology Service (A.G.S.), Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, OH; Department of Neurology (L.S., G.K.-B., A.F., S. Factor, H.A.J.), Human Genetics (H.A.J.), and Pediatrics (H.A.J.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Neurogenetics (C.K., J.J., S.L., N.B., A.M., T.B.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.V., E.R., C.B.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.J.-S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.P.), Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (L.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neurological Sciences (C.C.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (R.L.B.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (B.D.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Neurology (I.M., A.W.S.), Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (S.G.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; University of Tennessee Health Science Center (M.S.L.), Memphis; Department of Neurosciences (A.B.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome; IRCCS Neuromed (G.F.), Pozzilli, Italy; The University of Alabama at Birmingham (N.S.); Methodist Neurological Institute (W.O.), Houston, TX; Department of Neurology (S.P.R.), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque; Department of Neurology (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY; Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (Z.M.), Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (P.A.), Kirkland, WA; Mayo Clinic (C.A.), Scottsdale, AZ; Andre Barbeau Movement Disorders Unit (S.C.), Montreal University Hospital Center (CHUM); Movement Disorder Clinic (S.H.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, Division of Neurology University of Toronto, Canada; UC Davis School of Medicine (A.B.), Sacramento; The Parkinson's and Movement Disorder Institute (D.T.), Orange Coast Memorial Medical Center, Fountain Valley, CA; Department of Medicine (O.S.), Medical Genetics, and Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (S. Frank), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; and Neurology, Radiology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy (J.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Joohi Jimenez-Shahed
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.G.S., S.B.B.) and Neurology (A.G.S.), Case Western University School of Medicine; Neurological Institute (A.G.S.), University Hospitals Cleveland; Neurology Service (A.G.S.), Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, OH; Department of Neurology (L.S., G.K.-B., A.F., S. Factor, H.A.J.), Human Genetics (H.A.J.), and Pediatrics (H.A.J.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Neurogenetics (C.K., J.J., S.L., N.B., A.M., T.B.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.V., E.R., C.B.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.J.-S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.P.), Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (L.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neurological Sciences (C.C.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (R.L.B.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (B.D.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Neurology (I.M., A.W.S.), Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (S.G.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; University of Tennessee Health Science Center (M.S.L.), Memphis; Department of Neurosciences (A.B.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome; IRCCS Neuromed (G.F.), Pozzilli, Italy; The University of Alabama at Birmingham (N.S.); Methodist Neurological Institute (W.O.), Houston, TX; Department of Neurology (S.P.R.), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque; Department of Neurology (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY; Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (Z.M.), Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (P.A.), Kirkland, WA; Mayo Clinic (C.A.), Scottsdale, AZ; Andre Barbeau Movement Disorders Unit (S.C.), Montreal University Hospital Center (CHUM); Movement Disorder Clinic (S.H.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, Division of Neurology University of Toronto, Canada; UC Davis School of Medicine (A.B.), Sacramento; The Parkinson's and Movement Disorder Institute (D.T.), Orange Coast Memorial Medical Center, Fountain Valley, CA; Department of Medicine (O.S.), Medical Genetics, and Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (S. Frank), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; and Neurology, Radiology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy (J.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Neepa Patel
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.G.S., S.B.B.) and Neurology (A.G.S.), Case Western University School of Medicine; Neurological Institute (A.G.S.), University Hospitals Cleveland; Neurology Service (A.G.S.), Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, OH; Department of Neurology (L.S., G.K.-B., A.F., S. Factor, H.A.J.), Human Genetics (H.A.J.), and Pediatrics (H.A.J.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Neurogenetics (C.K., J.J., S.L., N.B., A.M., T.B.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.V., E.R., C.B.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.J.-S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.P.), Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (L.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neurological Sciences (C.C.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (R.L.B.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (B.D.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Neurology (I.M., A.W.S.), Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (S.G.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; University of Tennessee Health Science Center (M.S.L.), Memphis; Department of Neurosciences (A.B.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome; IRCCS Neuromed (G.F.), Pozzilli, Italy; The University of Alabama at Birmingham (N.S.); Methodist Neurological Institute (W.O.), Houston, TX; Department of Neurology (S.P.R.), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque; Department of Neurology (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY; Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (Z.M.), Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (P.A.), Kirkland, WA; Mayo Clinic (C.A.), Scottsdale, AZ; Andre Barbeau Movement Disorders Unit (S.C.), Montreal University Hospital Center (CHUM); Movement Disorder Clinic (S.H.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, Division of Neurology University of Toronto, Canada; UC Davis School of Medicine (A.B.), Sacramento; The Parkinson's and Movement Disorder Institute (D.T.), Orange Coast Memorial Medical Center, Fountain Valley, CA; Department of Medicine (O.S.), Medical Genetics, and Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (S. Frank), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; and Neurology, Radiology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy (J.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Laura Marsh
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.G.S., S.B.B.) and Neurology (A.G.S.), Case Western University School of Medicine; Neurological Institute (A.G.S.), University Hospitals Cleveland; Neurology Service (A.G.S.), Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, OH; Department of Neurology (L.S., G.K.-B., A.F., S. Factor, H.A.J.), Human Genetics (H.A.J.), and Pediatrics (H.A.J.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Neurogenetics (C.K., J.J., S.L., N.B., A.M., T.B.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.V., E.R., C.B.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.J.-S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.P.), Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (L.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neurological Sciences (C.C.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (R.L.B.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (B.D.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Neurology (I.M., A.W.S.), Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (S.G.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; University of Tennessee Health Science Center (M.S.L.), Memphis; Department of Neurosciences (A.B.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome; IRCCS Neuromed (G.F.), Pozzilli, Italy; The University of Alabama at Birmingham (N.S.); Methodist Neurological Institute (W.O.), Houston, TX; Department of Neurology (S.P.R.), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque; Department of Neurology (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY; Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (Z.M.), Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (P.A.), Kirkland, WA; Mayo Clinic (C.A.), Scottsdale, AZ; Andre Barbeau Movement Disorders Unit (S.C.), Montreal University Hospital Center (CHUM); Movement Disorder Clinic (S.H.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, Division of Neurology University of Toronto, Canada; UC Davis School of Medicine (A.B.), Sacramento; The Parkinson's and Movement Disorder Institute (D.T.), Orange Coast Memorial Medical Center, Fountain Valley, CA; Department of Medicine (O.S.), Medical Genetics, and Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (S. Frank), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; and Neurology, Radiology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy (J.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Cynthia Comella
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.G.S., S.B.B.) and Neurology (A.G.S.), Case Western University School of Medicine; Neurological Institute (A.G.S.), University Hospitals Cleveland; Neurology Service (A.G.S.), Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, OH; Department of Neurology (L.S., G.K.-B., A.F., S. Factor, H.A.J.), Human Genetics (H.A.J.), and Pediatrics (H.A.J.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Neurogenetics (C.K., J.J., S.L., N.B., A.M., T.B.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.V., E.R., C.B.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.J.-S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.P.), Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (L.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neurological Sciences (C.C.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (R.L.B.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (B.D.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Neurology (I.M., A.W.S.), Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (S.G.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; University of Tennessee Health Science Center (M.S.L.), Memphis; Department of Neurosciences (A.B.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome; IRCCS Neuromed (G.F.), Pozzilli, Italy; The University of Alabama at Birmingham (N.S.); Methodist Neurological Institute (W.O.), Houston, TX; Department of Neurology (S.P.R.), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque; Department of Neurology (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY; Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (Z.M.), Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (P.A.), Kirkland, WA; Mayo Clinic (C.A.), Scottsdale, AZ; Andre Barbeau Movement Disorders Unit (S.C.), Montreal University Hospital Center (CHUM); Movement Disorder Clinic (S.H.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, Division of Neurology University of Toronto, Canada; UC Davis School of Medicine (A.B.), Sacramento; The Parkinson's and Movement Disorder Institute (D.T.), Orange Coast Memorial Medical Center, Fountain Valley, CA; Department of Medicine (O.S.), Medical Genetics, and Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (S. Frank), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; and Neurology, Radiology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy (J.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Richard L Barbano
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.G.S., S.B.B.) and Neurology (A.G.S.), Case Western University School of Medicine; Neurological Institute (A.G.S.), University Hospitals Cleveland; Neurology Service (A.G.S.), Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, OH; Department of Neurology (L.S., G.K.-B., A.F., S. Factor, H.A.J.), Human Genetics (H.A.J.), and Pediatrics (H.A.J.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Neurogenetics (C.K., J.J., S.L., N.B., A.M., T.B.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.V., E.R., C.B.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.J.-S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.P.), Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (L.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neurological Sciences (C.C.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (R.L.B.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (B.D.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Neurology (I.M., A.W.S.), Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (S.G.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; University of Tennessee Health Science Center (M.S.L.), Memphis; Department of Neurosciences (A.B.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome; IRCCS Neuromed (G.F.), Pozzilli, Italy; The University of Alabama at Birmingham (N.S.); Methodist Neurological Institute (W.O.), Houston, TX; Department of Neurology (S.P.R.), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque; Department of Neurology (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY; Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (Z.M.), Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (P.A.), Kirkland, WA; Mayo Clinic (C.A.), Scottsdale, AZ; Andre Barbeau Movement Disorders Unit (S.C.), Montreal University Hospital Center (CHUM); Movement Disorder Clinic (S.H.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, Division of Neurology University of Toronto, Canada; UC Davis School of Medicine (A.B.), Sacramento; The Parkinson's and Movement Disorder Institute (D.T.), Orange Coast Memorial Medical Center, Fountain Valley, CA; Department of Medicine (O.S.), Medical Genetics, and Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (S. Frank), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; and Neurology, Radiology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy (J.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Brian D Berman
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.G.S., S.B.B.) and Neurology (A.G.S.), Case Western University School of Medicine; Neurological Institute (A.G.S.), University Hospitals Cleveland; Neurology Service (A.G.S.), Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, OH; Department of Neurology (L.S., G.K.-B., A.F., S. Factor, H.A.J.), Human Genetics (H.A.J.), and Pediatrics (H.A.J.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Neurogenetics (C.K., J.J., S.L., N.B., A.M., T.B.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.V., E.R., C.B.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.J.-S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.P.), Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (L.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neurological Sciences (C.C.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (R.L.B.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (B.D.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Neurology (I.M., A.W.S.), Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (S.G.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; University of Tennessee Health Science Center (M.S.L.), Memphis; Department of Neurosciences (A.B.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome; IRCCS Neuromed (G.F.), Pozzilli, Italy; The University of Alabama at Birmingham (N.S.); Methodist Neurological Institute (W.O.), Houston, TX; Department of Neurology (S.P.R.), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque; Department of Neurology (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY; Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (Z.M.), Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (P.A.), Kirkland, WA; Mayo Clinic (C.A.), Scottsdale, AZ; Andre Barbeau Movement Disorders Unit (S.C.), Montreal University Hospital Center (CHUM); Movement Disorder Clinic (S.H.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, Division of Neurology University of Toronto, Canada; UC Davis School of Medicine (A.B.), Sacramento; The Parkinson's and Movement Disorder Institute (D.T.), Orange Coast Memorial Medical Center, Fountain Valley, CA; Department of Medicine (O.S.), Medical Genetics, and Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (S. Frank), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; and Neurology, Radiology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy (J.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Irene Malaty
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.G.S., S.B.B.) and Neurology (A.G.S.), Case Western University School of Medicine; Neurological Institute (A.G.S.), University Hospitals Cleveland; Neurology Service (A.G.S.), Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, OH; Department of Neurology (L.S., G.K.-B., A.F., S. Factor, H.A.J.), Human Genetics (H.A.J.), and Pediatrics (H.A.J.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Neurogenetics (C.K., J.J., S.L., N.B., A.M., T.B.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.V., E.R., C.B.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.J.-S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.P.), Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (L.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neurological Sciences (C.C.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (R.L.B.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (B.D.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Neurology (I.M., A.W.S.), Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (S.G.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; University of Tennessee Health Science Center (M.S.L.), Memphis; Department of Neurosciences (A.B.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome; IRCCS Neuromed (G.F.), Pozzilli, Italy; The University of Alabama at Birmingham (N.S.); Methodist Neurological Institute (W.O.), Houston, TX; Department of Neurology (S.P.R.), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque; Department of Neurology (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY; Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (Z.M.), Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (P.A.), Kirkland, WA; Mayo Clinic (C.A.), Scottsdale, AZ; Andre Barbeau Movement Disorders Unit (S.C.), Montreal University Hospital Center (CHUM); Movement Disorder Clinic (S.H.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, Division of Neurology University of Toronto, Canada; UC Davis School of Medicine (A.B.), Sacramento; The Parkinson's and Movement Disorder Institute (D.T.), Orange Coast Memorial Medical Center, Fountain Valley, CA; Department of Medicine (O.S.), Medical Genetics, and Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (S. Frank), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; and Neurology, Radiology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy (J.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Aparna Wagle Shukla
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.G.S., S.B.B.) and Neurology (A.G.S.), Case Western University School of Medicine; Neurological Institute (A.G.S.), University Hospitals Cleveland; Neurology Service (A.G.S.), Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, OH; Department of Neurology (L.S., G.K.-B., A.F., S. Factor, H.A.J.), Human Genetics (H.A.J.), and Pediatrics (H.A.J.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Neurogenetics (C.K., J.J., S.L., N.B., A.M., T.B.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.V., E.R., C.B.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.J.-S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.P.), Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (L.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neurological Sciences (C.C.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (R.L.B.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (B.D.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Neurology (I.M., A.W.S.), Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (S.G.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; University of Tennessee Health Science Center (M.S.L.), Memphis; Department of Neurosciences (A.B.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome; IRCCS Neuromed (G.F.), Pozzilli, Italy; The University of Alabama at Birmingham (N.S.); Methodist Neurological Institute (W.O.), Houston, TX; Department of Neurology (S.P.R.), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque; Department of Neurology (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY; Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (Z.M.), Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (P.A.), Kirkland, WA; Mayo Clinic (C.A.), Scottsdale, AZ; Andre Barbeau Movement Disorders Unit (S.C.), Montreal University Hospital Center (CHUM); Movement Disorder Clinic (S.H.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, Division of Neurology University of Toronto, Canada; UC Davis School of Medicine (A.B.), Sacramento; The Parkinson's and Movement Disorder Institute (D.T.), Orange Coast Memorial Medical Center, Fountain Valley, CA; Department of Medicine (O.S.), Medical Genetics, and Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (S. Frank), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; and Neurology, Radiology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy (J.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Stephen G Reich
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.G.S., S.B.B.) and Neurology (A.G.S.), Case Western University School of Medicine; Neurological Institute (A.G.S.), University Hospitals Cleveland; Neurology Service (A.G.S.), Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, OH; Department of Neurology (L.S., G.K.-B., A.F., S. Factor, H.A.J.), Human Genetics (H.A.J.), and Pediatrics (H.A.J.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Neurogenetics (C.K., J.J., S.L., N.B., A.M., T.B.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.V., E.R., C.B.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.J.-S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.P.), Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (L.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neurological Sciences (C.C.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (R.L.B.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (B.D.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Neurology (I.M., A.W.S.), Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (S.G.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; University of Tennessee Health Science Center (M.S.L.), Memphis; Department of Neurosciences (A.B.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome; IRCCS Neuromed (G.F.), Pozzilli, Italy; The University of Alabama at Birmingham (N.S.); Methodist Neurological Institute (W.O.), Houston, TX; Department of Neurology (S.P.R.), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque; Department of Neurology (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY; Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (Z.M.), Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (P.A.), Kirkland, WA; Mayo Clinic (C.A.), Scottsdale, AZ; Andre Barbeau Movement Disorders Unit (S.C.), Montreal University Hospital Center (CHUM); Movement Disorder Clinic (S.H.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, Division of Neurology University of Toronto, Canada; UC Davis School of Medicine (A.B.), Sacramento; The Parkinson's and Movement Disorder Institute (D.T.), Orange Coast Memorial Medical Center, Fountain Valley, CA; Department of Medicine (O.S.), Medical Genetics, and Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (S. Frank), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; and Neurology, Radiology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy (J.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Mark S Ledoux
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.G.S., S.B.B.) and Neurology (A.G.S.), Case Western University School of Medicine; Neurological Institute (A.G.S.), University Hospitals Cleveland; Neurology Service (A.G.S.), Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, OH; Department of Neurology (L.S., G.K.-B., A.F., S. Factor, H.A.J.), Human Genetics (H.A.J.), and Pediatrics (H.A.J.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Neurogenetics (C.K., J.J., S.L., N.B., A.M., T.B.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.V., E.R., C.B.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.J.-S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.P.), Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (L.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neurological Sciences (C.C.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (R.L.B.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (B.D.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Neurology (I.M., A.W.S.), Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (S.G.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; University of Tennessee Health Science Center (M.S.L.), Memphis; Department of Neurosciences (A.B.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome; IRCCS Neuromed (G.F.), Pozzilli, Italy; The University of Alabama at Birmingham (N.S.); Methodist Neurological Institute (W.O.), Houston, TX; Department of Neurology (S.P.R.), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque; Department of Neurology (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY; Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (Z.M.), Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (P.A.), Kirkland, WA; Mayo Clinic (C.A.), Scottsdale, AZ; Andre Barbeau Movement Disorders Unit (S.C.), Montreal University Hospital Center (CHUM); Movement Disorder Clinic (S.H.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, Division of Neurology University of Toronto, Canada; UC Davis School of Medicine (A.B.), Sacramento; The Parkinson's and Movement Disorder Institute (D.T.), Orange Coast Memorial Medical Center, Fountain Valley, CA; Department of Medicine (O.S.), Medical Genetics, and Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (S. Frank), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; and Neurology, Radiology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy (J.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Alfredo Berardelli
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.G.S., S.B.B.) and Neurology (A.G.S.), Case Western University School of Medicine; Neurological Institute (A.G.S.), University Hospitals Cleveland; Neurology Service (A.G.S.), Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, OH; Department of Neurology (L.S., G.K.-B., A.F., S. Factor, H.A.J.), Human Genetics (H.A.J.), and Pediatrics (H.A.J.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Neurogenetics (C.K., J.J., S.L., N.B., A.M., T.B.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.V., E.R., C.B.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.J.-S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.P.), Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (L.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neurological Sciences (C.C.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (R.L.B.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (B.D.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Neurology (I.M., A.W.S.), Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (S.G.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; University of Tennessee Health Science Center (M.S.L.), Memphis; Department of Neurosciences (A.B.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome; IRCCS Neuromed (G.F.), Pozzilli, Italy; The University of Alabama at Birmingham (N.S.); Methodist Neurological Institute (W.O.), Houston, TX; Department of Neurology (S.P.R.), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque; Department of Neurology (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY; Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (Z.M.), Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (P.A.), Kirkland, WA; Mayo Clinic (C.A.), Scottsdale, AZ; Andre Barbeau Movement Disorders Unit (S.C.), Montreal University Hospital Center (CHUM); Movement Disorder Clinic (S.H.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, Division of Neurology University of Toronto, Canada; UC Davis School of Medicine (A.B.), Sacramento; The Parkinson's and Movement Disorder Institute (D.T.), Orange Coast Memorial Medical Center, Fountain Valley, CA; Department of Medicine (O.S.), Medical Genetics, and Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (S. Frank), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; and Neurology, Radiology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy (J.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Gina Ferrazzano
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.G.S., S.B.B.) and Neurology (A.G.S.), Case Western University School of Medicine; Neurological Institute (A.G.S.), University Hospitals Cleveland; Neurology Service (A.G.S.), Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, OH; Department of Neurology (L.S., G.K.-B., A.F., S. Factor, H.A.J.), Human Genetics (H.A.J.), and Pediatrics (H.A.J.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Neurogenetics (C.K., J.J., S.L., N.B., A.M., T.B.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.V., E.R., C.B.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.J.-S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.P.), Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (L.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neurological Sciences (C.C.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (R.L.B.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (B.D.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Neurology (I.M., A.W.S.), Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (S.G.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; University of Tennessee Health Science Center (M.S.L.), Memphis; Department of Neurosciences (A.B.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome; IRCCS Neuromed (G.F.), Pozzilli, Italy; The University of Alabama at Birmingham (N.S.); Methodist Neurological Institute (W.O.), Houston, TX; Department of Neurology (S.P.R.), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque; Department of Neurology (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY; Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (Z.M.), Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (P.A.), Kirkland, WA; Mayo Clinic (C.A.), Scottsdale, AZ; Andre Barbeau Movement Disorders Unit (S.C.), Montreal University Hospital Center (CHUM); Movement Disorder Clinic (S.H.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, Division of Neurology University of Toronto, Canada; UC Davis School of Medicine (A.B.), Sacramento; The Parkinson's and Movement Disorder Institute (D.T.), Orange Coast Memorial Medical Center, Fountain Valley, CA; Department of Medicine (O.S.), Medical Genetics, and Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (S. Frank), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; and Neurology, Radiology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy (J.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Natividad Stover
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.G.S., S.B.B.) and Neurology (A.G.S.), Case Western University School of Medicine; Neurological Institute (A.G.S.), University Hospitals Cleveland; Neurology Service (A.G.S.), Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, OH; Department of Neurology (L.S., G.K.-B., A.F., S. Factor, H.A.J.), Human Genetics (H.A.J.), and Pediatrics (H.A.J.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Neurogenetics (C.K., J.J., S.L., N.B., A.M., T.B.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.V., E.R., C.B.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.J.-S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.P.), Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (L.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neurological Sciences (C.C.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (R.L.B.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (B.D.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Neurology (I.M., A.W.S.), Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (S.G.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; University of Tennessee Health Science Center (M.S.L.), Memphis; Department of Neurosciences (A.B.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome; IRCCS Neuromed (G.F.), Pozzilli, Italy; The University of Alabama at Birmingham (N.S.); Methodist Neurological Institute (W.O.), Houston, TX; Department of Neurology (S.P.R.), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque; Department of Neurology (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY; Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (Z.M.), Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (P.A.), Kirkland, WA; Mayo Clinic (C.A.), Scottsdale, AZ; Andre Barbeau Movement Disorders Unit (S.C.), Montreal University Hospital Center (CHUM); Movement Disorder Clinic (S.H.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, Division of Neurology University of Toronto, Canada; UC Davis School of Medicine (A.B.), Sacramento; The Parkinson's and Movement Disorder Institute (D.T.), Orange Coast Memorial Medical Center, Fountain Valley, CA; Department of Medicine (O.S.), Medical Genetics, and Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (S. Frank), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; and Neurology, Radiology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy (J.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - William Ondo
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.G.S., S.B.B.) and Neurology (A.G.S.), Case Western University School of Medicine; Neurological Institute (A.G.S.), University Hospitals Cleveland; Neurology Service (A.G.S.), Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, OH; Department of Neurology (L.S., G.K.-B., A.F., S. Factor, H.A.J.), Human Genetics (H.A.J.), and Pediatrics (H.A.J.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Neurogenetics (C.K., J.J., S.L., N.B., A.M., T.B.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.V., E.R., C.B.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.J.-S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.P.), Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (L.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neurological Sciences (C.C.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (R.L.B.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (B.D.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Neurology (I.M., A.W.S.), Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (S.G.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; University of Tennessee Health Science Center (M.S.L.), Memphis; Department of Neurosciences (A.B.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome; IRCCS Neuromed (G.F.), Pozzilli, Italy; The University of Alabama at Birmingham (N.S.); Methodist Neurological Institute (W.O.), Houston, TX; Department of Neurology (S.P.R.), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque; Department of Neurology (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY; Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (Z.M.), Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (P.A.), Kirkland, WA; Mayo Clinic (C.A.), Scottsdale, AZ; Andre Barbeau Movement Disorders Unit (S.C.), Montreal University Hospital Center (CHUM); Movement Disorder Clinic (S.H.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, Division of Neurology University of Toronto, Canada; UC Davis School of Medicine (A.B.), Sacramento; The Parkinson's and Movement Disorder Institute (D.T.), Orange Coast Memorial Medical Center, Fountain Valley, CA; Department of Medicine (O.S.), Medical Genetics, and Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (S. Frank), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; and Neurology, Radiology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy (J.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Sarah Pirio Richardson
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.G.S., S.B.B.) and Neurology (A.G.S.), Case Western University School of Medicine; Neurological Institute (A.G.S.), University Hospitals Cleveland; Neurology Service (A.G.S.), Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, OH; Department of Neurology (L.S., G.K.-B., A.F., S. Factor, H.A.J.), Human Genetics (H.A.J.), and Pediatrics (H.A.J.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Neurogenetics (C.K., J.J., S.L., N.B., A.M., T.B.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.V., E.R., C.B.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.J.-S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.P.), Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (L.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neurological Sciences (C.C.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (R.L.B.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (B.D.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Neurology (I.M., A.W.S.), Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (S.G.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; University of Tennessee Health Science Center (M.S.L.), Memphis; Department of Neurosciences (A.B.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome; IRCCS Neuromed (G.F.), Pozzilli, Italy; The University of Alabama at Birmingham (N.S.); Methodist Neurological Institute (W.O.), Houston, TX; Department of Neurology (S.P.R.), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque; Department of Neurology (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY; Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (Z.M.), Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (P.A.), Kirkland, WA; Mayo Clinic (C.A.), Scottsdale, AZ; Andre Barbeau Movement Disorders Unit (S.C.), Montreal University Hospital Center (CHUM); Movement Disorder Clinic (S.H.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, Division of Neurology University of Toronto, Canada; UC Davis School of Medicine (A.B.), Sacramento; The Parkinson's and Movement Disorder Institute (D.T.), Orange Coast Memorial Medical Center, Fountain Valley, CA; Department of Medicine (O.S.), Medical Genetics, and Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (S. Frank), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; and Neurology, Radiology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy (J.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Rachel Saunders-Pullman
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.G.S., S.B.B.) and Neurology (A.G.S.), Case Western University School of Medicine; Neurological Institute (A.G.S.), University Hospitals Cleveland; Neurology Service (A.G.S.), Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, OH; Department of Neurology (L.S., G.K.-B., A.F., S. Factor, H.A.J.), Human Genetics (H.A.J.), and Pediatrics (H.A.J.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Neurogenetics (C.K., J.J., S.L., N.B., A.M., T.B.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.V., E.R., C.B.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.J.-S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.P.), Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (L.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neurological Sciences (C.C.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (R.L.B.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (B.D.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Neurology (I.M., A.W.S.), Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (S.G.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; University of Tennessee Health Science Center (M.S.L.), Memphis; Department of Neurosciences (A.B.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome; IRCCS Neuromed (G.F.), Pozzilli, Italy; The University of Alabama at Birmingham (N.S.); Methodist Neurological Institute (W.O.), Houston, TX; Department of Neurology (S.P.R.), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque; Department of Neurology (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY; Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (Z.M.), Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (P.A.), Kirkland, WA; Mayo Clinic (C.A.), Scottsdale, AZ; Andre Barbeau Movement Disorders Unit (S.C.), Montreal University Hospital Center (CHUM); Movement Disorder Clinic (S.H.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, Division of Neurology University of Toronto, Canada; UC Davis School of Medicine (A.B.), Sacramento; The Parkinson's and Movement Disorder Institute (D.T.), Orange Coast Memorial Medical Center, Fountain Valley, CA; Department of Medicine (O.S.), Medical Genetics, and Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (S. Frank), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; and Neurology, Radiology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy (J.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Zoltan Mari
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.G.S., S.B.B.) and Neurology (A.G.S.), Case Western University School of Medicine; Neurological Institute (A.G.S.), University Hospitals Cleveland; Neurology Service (A.G.S.), Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, OH; Department of Neurology (L.S., G.K.-B., A.F., S. Factor, H.A.J.), Human Genetics (H.A.J.), and Pediatrics (H.A.J.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Neurogenetics (C.K., J.J., S.L., N.B., A.M., T.B.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.V., E.R., C.B.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.J.-S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.P.), Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (L.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neurological Sciences (C.C.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (R.L.B.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (B.D.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Neurology (I.M., A.W.S.), Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (S.G.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; University of Tennessee Health Science Center (M.S.L.), Memphis; Department of Neurosciences (A.B.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome; IRCCS Neuromed (G.F.), Pozzilli, Italy; The University of Alabama at Birmingham (N.S.); Methodist Neurological Institute (W.O.), Houston, TX; Department of Neurology (S.P.R.), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque; Department of Neurology (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY; Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (Z.M.), Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (P.A.), Kirkland, WA; Mayo Clinic (C.A.), Scottsdale, AZ; Andre Barbeau Movement Disorders Unit (S.C.), Montreal University Hospital Center (CHUM); Movement Disorder Clinic (S.H.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, Division of Neurology University of Toronto, Canada; UC Davis School of Medicine (A.B.), Sacramento; The Parkinson's and Movement Disorder Institute (D.T.), Orange Coast Memorial Medical Center, Fountain Valley, CA; Department of Medicine (O.S.), Medical Genetics, and Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (S. Frank), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; and Neurology, Radiology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy (J.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Pinky Agarwal
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.G.S., S.B.B.) and Neurology (A.G.S.), Case Western University School of Medicine; Neurological Institute (A.G.S.), University Hospitals Cleveland; Neurology Service (A.G.S.), Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, OH; Department of Neurology (L.S., G.K.-B., A.F., S. Factor, H.A.J.), Human Genetics (H.A.J.), and Pediatrics (H.A.J.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Neurogenetics (C.K., J.J., S.L., N.B., A.M., T.B.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.V., E.R., C.B.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.J.-S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.P.), Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (L.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neurological Sciences (C.C.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (R.L.B.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (B.D.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Neurology (I.M., A.W.S.), Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (S.G.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; University of Tennessee Health Science Center (M.S.L.), Memphis; Department of Neurosciences (A.B.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome; IRCCS Neuromed (G.F.), Pozzilli, Italy; The University of Alabama at Birmingham (N.S.); Methodist Neurological Institute (W.O.), Houston, TX; Department of Neurology (S.P.R.), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque; Department of Neurology (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY; Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (Z.M.), Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (P.A.), Kirkland, WA; Mayo Clinic (C.A.), Scottsdale, AZ; Andre Barbeau Movement Disorders Unit (S.C.), Montreal University Hospital Center (CHUM); Movement Disorder Clinic (S.H.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, Division of Neurology University of Toronto, Canada; UC Davis School of Medicine (A.B.), Sacramento; The Parkinson's and Movement Disorder Institute (D.T.), Orange Coast Memorial Medical Center, Fountain Valley, CA; Department of Medicine (O.S.), Medical Genetics, and Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (S. Frank), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; and Neurology, Radiology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy (J.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Charles Adler
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.G.S., S.B.B.) and Neurology (A.G.S.), Case Western University School of Medicine; Neurological Institute (A.G.S.), University Hospitals Cleveland; Neurology Service (A.G.S.), Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, OH; Department of Neurology (L.S., G.K.-B., A.F., S. Factor, H.A.J.), Human Genetics (H.A.J.), and Pediatrics (H.A.J.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Neurogenetics (C.K., J.J., S.L., N.B., A.M., T.B.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.V., E.R., C.B.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.J.-S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.P.), Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (L.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neurological Sciences (C.C.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (R.L.B.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (B.D.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Neurology (I.M., A.W.S.), Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (S.G.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; University of Tennessee Health Science Center (M.S.L.), Memphis; Department of Neurosciences (A.B.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome; IRCCS Neuromed (G.F.), Pozzilli, Italy; The University of Alabama at Birmingham (N.S.); Methodist Neurological Institute (W.O.), Houston, TX; Department of Neurology (S.P.R.), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque; Department of Neurology (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY; Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (Z.M.), Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (P.A.), Kirkland, WA; Mayo Clinic (C.A.), Scottsdale, AZ; Andre Barbeau Movement Disorders Unit (S.C.), Montreal University Hospital Center (CHUM); Movement Disorder Clinic (S.H.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, Division of Neurology University of Toronto, Canada; UC Davis School of Medicine (A.B.), Sacramento; The Parkinson's and Movement Disorder Institute (D.T.), Orange Coast Memorial Medical Center, Fountain Valley, CA; Department of Medicine (O.S.), Medical Genetics, and Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (S. Frank), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; and Neurology, Radiology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy (J.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Sylvain Chouinard
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.G.S., S.B.B.) and Neurology (A.G.S.), Case Western University School of Medicine; Neurological Institute (A.G.S.), University Hospitals Cleveland; Neurology Service (A.G.S.), Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, OH; Department of Neurology (L.S., G.K.-B., A.F., S. Factor, H.A.J.), Human Genetics (H.A.J.), and Pediatrics (H.A.J.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Neurogenetics (C.K., J.J., S.L., N.B., A.M., T.B.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.V., E.R., C.B.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.J.-S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.P.), Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (L.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neurological Sciences (C.C.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (R.L.B.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (B.D.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Neurology (I.M., A.W.S.), Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (S.G.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; University of Tennessee Health Science Center (M.S.L.), Memphis; Department of Neurosciences (A.B.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome; IRCCS Neuromed (G.F.), Pozzilli, Italy; The University of Alabama at Birmingham (N.S.); Methodist Neurological Institute (W.O.), Houston, TX; Department of Neurology (S.P.R.), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque; Department of Neurology (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY; Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (Z.M.), Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (P.A.), Kirkland, WA; Mayo Clinic (C.A.), Scottsdale, AZ; Andre Barbeau Movement Disorders Unit (S.C.), Montreal University Hospital Center (CHUM); Movement Disorder Clinic (S.H.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, Division of Neurology University of Toronto, Canada; UC Davis School of Medicine (A.B.), Sacramento; The Parkinson's and Movement Disorder Institute (D.T.), Orange Coast Memorial Medical Center, Fountain Valley, CA; Department of Medicine (O.S.), Medical Genetics, and Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (S. Frank), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; and Neurology, Radiology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy (J.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Susan H Fox
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.G.S., S.B.B.) and Neurology (A.G.S.), Case Western University School of Medicine; Neurological Institute (A.G.S.), University Hospitals Cleveland; Neurology Service (A.G.S.), Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, OH; Department of Neurology (L.S., G.K.-B., A.F., S. Factor, H.A.J.), Human Genetics (H.A.J.), and Pediatrics (H.A.J.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Neurogenetics (C.K., J.J., S.L., N.B., A.M., T.B.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.V., E.R., C.B.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.J.-S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.P.), Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (L.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neurological Sciences (C.C.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (R.L.B.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (B.D.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Neurology (I.M., A.W.S.), Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (S.G.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; University of Tennessee Health Science Center (M.S.L.), Memphis; Department of Neurosciences (A.B.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome; IRCCS Neuromed (G.F.), Pozzilli, Italy; The University of Alabama at Birmingham (N.S.); Methodist Neurological Institute (W.O.), Houston, TX; Department of Neurology (S.P.R.), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque; Department of Neurology (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY; Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (Z.M.), Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (P.A.), Kirkland, WA; Mayo Clinic (C.A.), Scottsdale, AZ; Andre Barbeau Movement Disorders Unit (S.C.), Montreal University Hospital Center (CHUM); Movement Disorder Clinic (S.H.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, Division of Neurology University of Toronto, Canada; UC Davis School of Medicine (A.B.), Sacramento; The Parkinson's and Movement Disorder Institute (D.T.), Orange Coast Memorial Medical Center, Fountain Valley, CA; Department of Medicine (O.S.), Medical Genetics, and Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (S. Frank), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; and Neurology, Radiology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy (J.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Allison Brashear
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.G.S., S.B.B.) and Neurology (A.G.S.), Case Western University School of Medicine; Neurological Institute (A.G.S.), University Hospitals Cleveland; Neurology Service (A.G.S.), Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, OH; Department of Neurology (L.S., G.K.-B., A.F., S. Factor, H.A.J.), Human Genetics (H.A.J.), and Pediatrics (H.A.J.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Neurogenetics (C.K., J.J., S.L., N.B., A.M., T.B.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.V., E.R., C.B.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.J.-S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.P.), Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (L.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neurological Sciences (C.C.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (R.L.B.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (B.D.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Neurology (I.M., A.W.S.), Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (S.G.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; University of Tennessee Health Science Center (M.S.L.), Memphis; Department of Neurosciences (A.B.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome; IRCCS Neuromed (G.F.), Pozzilli, Italy; The University of Alabama at Birmingham (N.S.); Methodist Neurological Institute (W.O.), Houston, TX; Department of Neurology (S.P.R.), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque; Department of Neurology (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY; Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (Z.M.), Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (P.A.), Kirkland, WA; Mayo Clinic (C.A.), Scottsdale, AZ; Andre Barbeau Movement Disorders Unit (S.C.), Montreal University Hospital Center (CHUM); Movement Disorder Clinic (S.H.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, Division of Neurology University of Toronto, Canada; UC Davis School of Medicine (A.B.), Sacramento; The Parkinson's and Movement Disorder Institute (D.T.), Orange Coast Memorial Medical Center, Fountain Valley, CA; Department of Medicine (O.S.), Medical Genetics, and Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (S. Frank), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; and Neurology, Radiology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy (J.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Daniel Truong
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.G.S., S.B.B.) and Neurology (A.G.S.), Case Western University School of Medicine; Neurological Institute (A.G.S.), University Hospitals Cleveland; Neurology Service (A.G.S.), Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, OH; Department of Neurology (L.S., G.K.-B., A.F., S. Factor, H.A.J.), Human Genetics (H.A.J.), and Pediatrics (H.A.J.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Neurogenetics (C.K., J.J., S.L., N.B., A.M., T.B.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.V., E.R., C.B.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.J.-S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.P.), Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (L.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neurological Sciences (C.C.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (R.L.B.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (B.D.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Neurology (I.M., A.W.S.), Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (S.G.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; University of Tennessee Health Science Center (M.S.L.), Memphis; Department of Neurosciences (A.B.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome; IRCCS Neuromed (G.F.), Pozzilli, Italy; The University of Alabama at Birmingham (N.S.); Methodist Neurological Institute (W.O.), Houston, TX; Department of Neurology (S.P.R.), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque; Department of Neurology (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY; Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (Z.M.), Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (P.A.), Kirkland, WA; Mayo Clinic (C.A.), Scottsdale, AZ; Andre Barbeau Movement Disorders Unit (S.C.), Montreal University Hospital Center (CHUM); Movement Disorder Clinic (S.H.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, Division of Neurology University of Toronto, Canada; UC Davis School of Medicine (A.B.), Sacramento; The Parkinson's and Movement Disorder Institute (D.T.), Orange Coast Memorial Medical Center, Fountain Valley, CA; Department of Medicine (O.S.), Medical Genetics, and Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (S. Frank), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; and Neurology, Radiology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy (J.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Oksana Suchowersky
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.G.S., S.B.B.) and Neurology (A.G.S.), Case Western University School of Medicine; Neurological Institute (A.G.S.), University Hospitals Cleveland; Neurology Service (A.G.S.), Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, OH; Department of Neurology (L.S., G.K.-B., A.F., S. Factor, H.A.J.), Human Genetics (H.A.J.), and Pediatrics (H.A.J.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Neurogenetics (C.K., J.J., S.L., N.B., A.M., T.B.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.V., E.R., C.B.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.J.-S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.P.), Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (L.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neurological Sciences (C.C.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (R.L.B.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (B.D.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Neurology (I.M., A.W.S.), Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (S.G.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; University of Tennessee Health Science Center (M.S.L.), Memphis; Department of Neurosciences (A.B.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome; IRCCS Neuromed (G.F.), Pozzilli, Italy; The University of Alabama at Birmingham (N.S.); Methodist Neurological Institute (W.O.), Houston, TX; Department of Neurology (S.P.R.), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque; Department of Neurology (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY; Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (Z.M.), Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (P.A.), Kirkland, WA; Mayo Clinic (C.A.), Scottsdale, AZ; Andre Barbeau Movement Disorders Unit (S.C.), Montreal University Hospital Center (CHUM); Movement Disorder Clinic (S.H.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, Division of Neurology University of Toronto, Canada; UC Davis School of Medicine (A.B.), Sacramento; The Parkinson's and Movement Disorder Institute (D.T.), Orange Coast Memorial Medical Center, Fountain Valley, CA; Department of Medicine (O.S.), Medical Genetics, and Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (S. Frank), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; and Neurology, Radiology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy (J.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Samuel Frank
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.G.S., S.B.B.) and Neurology (A.G.S.), Case Western University School of Medicine; Neurological Institute (A.G.S.), University Hospitals Cleveland; Neurology Service (A.G.S.), Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, OH; Department of Neurology (L.S., G.K.-B., A.F., S. Factor, H.A.J.), Human Genetics (H.A.J.), and Pediatrics (H.A.J.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Neurogenetics (C.K., J.J., S.L., N.B., A.M., T.B.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.V., E.R., C.B.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.J.-S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.P.), Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (L.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neurological Sciences (C.C.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (R.L.B.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (B.D.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Neurology (I.M., A.W.S.), Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (S.G.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; University of Tennessee Health Science Center (M.S.L.), Memphis; Department of Neurosciences (A.B.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome; IRCCS Neuromed (G.F.), Pozzilli, Italy; The University of Alabama at Birmingham (N.S.); Methodist Neurological Institute (W.O.), Houston, TX; Department of Neurology (S.P.R.), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque; Department of Neurology (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY; Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (Z.M.), Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (P.A.), Kirkland, WA; Mayo Clinic (C.A.), Scottsdale, AZ; Andre Barbeau Movement Disorders Unit (S.C.), Montreal University Hospital Center (CHUM); Movement Disorder Clinic (S.H.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, Division of Neurology University of Toronto, Canada; UC Davis School of Medicine (A.B.), Sacramento; The Parkinson's and Movement Disorder Institute (D.T.), Orange Coast Memorial Medical Center, Fountain Valley, CA; Department of Medicine (O.S.), Medical Genetics, and Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (S. Frank), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; and Neurology, Radiology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy (J.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Stewart Factor
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.G.S., S.B.B.) and Neurology (A.G.S.), Case Western University School of Medicine; Neurological Institute (A.G.S.), University Hospitals Cleveland; Neurology Service (A.G.S.), Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, OH; Department of Neurology (L.S., G.K.-B., A.F., S. Factor, H.A.J.), Human Genetics (H.A.J.), and Pediatrics (H.A.J.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Neurogenetics (C.K., J.J., S.L., N.B., A.M., T.B.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.V., E.R., C.B.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.J.-S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.P.), Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (L.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neurological Sciences (C.C.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (R.L.B.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (B.D.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Neurology (I.M., A.W.S.), Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (S.G.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; University of Tennessee Health Science Center (M.S.L.), Memphis; Department of Neurosciences (A.B.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome; IRCCS Neuromed (G.F.), Pozzilli, Italy; The University of Alabama at Birmingham (N.S.); Methodist Neurological Institute (W.O.), Houston, TX; Department of Neurology (S.P.R.), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque; Department of Neurology (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY; Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (Z.M.), Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (P.A.), Kirkland, WA; Mayo Clinic (C.A.), Scottsdale, AZ; Andre Barbeau Movement Disorders Unit (S.C.), Montreal University Hospital Center (CHUM); Movement Disorder Clinic (S.H.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, Division of Neurology University of Toronto, Canada; UC Davis School of Medicine (A.B.), Sacramento; The Parkinson's and Movement Disorder Institute (D.T.), Orange Coast Memorial Medical Center, Fountain Valley, CA; Department of Medicine (O.S.), Medical Genetics, and Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (S. Frank), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; and Neurology, Radiology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy (J.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Joel Perlmutter
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.G.S., S.B.B.) and Neurology (A.G.S.), Case Western University School of Medicine; Neurological Institute (A.G.S.), University Hospitals Cleveland; Neurology Service (A.G.S.), Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, OH; Department of Neurology (L.S., G.K.-B., A.F., S. Factor, H.A.J.), Human Genetics (H.A.J.), and Pediatrics (H.A.J.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Neurogenetics (C.K., J.J., S.L., N.B., A.M., T.B.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.V., E.R., C.B.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.J.-S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.P.), Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (L.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neurological Sciences (C.C.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (R.L.B.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (B.D.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Neurology (I.M., A.W.S.), Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (S.G.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; University of Tennessee Health Science Center (M.S.L.), Memphis; Department of Neurosciences (A.B.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome; IRCCS Neuromed (G.F.), Pozzilli, Italy; The University of Alabama at Birmingham (N.S.); Methodist Neurological Institute (W.O.), Houston, TX; Department of Neurology (S.P.R.), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque; Department of Neurology (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY; Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (Z.M.), Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (P.A.), Kirkland, WA; Mayo Clinic (C.A.), Scottsdale, AZ; Andre Barbeau Movement Disorders Unit (S.C.), Montreal University Hospital Center (CHUM); Movement Disorder Clinic (S.H.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, Division of Neurology University of Toronto, Canada; UC Davis School of Medicine (A.B.), Sacramento; The Parkinson's and Movement Disorder Institute (D.T.), Orange Coast Memorial Medical Center, Fountain Valley, CA; Department of Medicine (O.S.), Medical Genetics, and Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (S. Frank), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; and Neurology, Radiology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy (J.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Hyder Azad Jinnah
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.G.S., S.B.B.) and Neurology (A.G.S.), Case Western University School of Medicine; Neurological Institute (A.G.S.), University Hospitals Cleveland; Neurology Service (A.G.S.), Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, OH; Department of Neurology (L.S., G.K.-B., A.F., S. Factor, H.A.J.), Human Genetics (H.A.J.), and Pediatrics (H.A.J.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Neurogenetics (C.K., J.J., S.L., N.B., A.M., T.B.), University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.V., E.R., C.B.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.J.-S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (N.P.), Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (L.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neurological Sciences (C.C.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (R.L.B.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Neurology (B.D.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Neurology (I.M., A.W.S.), Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Neurology (S.G.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; University of Tennessee Health Science Center (M.S.L.), Memphis; Department of Neurosciences (A.B.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome; IRCCS Neuromed (G.F.), Pozzilli, Italy; The University of Alabama at Birmingham (N.S.); Methodist Neurological Institute (W.O.), Houston, TX; Department of Neurology (S.P.R.), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque; Department of Neurology (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY; Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (Z.M.), Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV; Booth Gardner Parkinson's Care Center (P.A.), Kirkland, WA; Mayo Clinic (C.A.), Scottsdale, AZ; Andre Barbeau Movement Disorders Unit (S.C.), Montreal University Hospital Center (CHUM); Movement Disorder Clinic (S.H.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, Division of Neurology University of Toronto, Canada; UC Davis School of Medicine (A.B.), Sacramento; The Parkinson's and Movement Disorder Institute (D.T.), Orange Coast Memorial Medical Center, Fountain Valley, CA; Department of Medicine (O.S.), Medical Genetics, and Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (S. Frank), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; and Neurology, Radiology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy (J.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO.
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