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Abstract
The restorative function of sleep is shaped by its duration, timing, continuity, subjective quality, and efficiency. Current sleep recommendations specify only nocturnal duration and have been largely derived from sleep self-reports that can be imprecise and miss relevant details. Sleep duration, preferred timing, and ability to withstand sleep deprivation are heritable traits whose expression may change with age and affect the optimal sleep prescription for an individual. Prevailing societal norms and circumstances related to work and relationships interact to influence sleep opportunity and quality. The value of allocating time for sleep is revealed by the impact of its restriction on behavior, functional brain imaging, sleep macrostructure, and late-life cognition. Augmentation of sleep slow oscillations and spindles have been proposed for enhancing sleep quality, but they inconsistently achieve their goal. Crafting bespoke sleep recommendations could benefit from large-scale, longitudinal collection of objective sleep data integrated with behavioral and self-reported data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth L F Leong
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; ,
| | - Michael W L Chee
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; ,
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2
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Huang NX, Gao ZL, Lin JH, Lin YJ, Chen HJ. Altered stability of brain functional architecture after sleep deprivation: A resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:998541. [PMID: 36312008 PMCID: PMC9606579 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.998541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies using static and dynamic functional connectivity (FC) approaches have revealed brain dysfunction resulting from sleep deprivation (SD). The effects of SD on the stability of brain functional architecture remain unclear. This study investigated the functional stability (FS) changes induced by SD and its association with neurocognitive alterations. Materials and methods In this study, we recruited 24 healthy women. All participants underwent two sessions of resting-state fMRI scanning and neurocognitive assessment. The assessments included the Digit Symbol Test, Digit Span Test, Trail-Making Test (TMT), and Complex Figure Test (CFT). Participants completed one session under rested wakefulness (RW) and one session after SD for 24 h. To estimate dynamic FC, we used the sliding window approach; and then, to characterize the FS of each voxel, we measured dynamic FC concordance over time. We used a paired t-test to identify differences in FS between RW and SD. To examine the relationship between these changes in FS and alterations in neurocognitive performance, we conducted Spearman’s correlation analyses. Results SD affected the performance of the Digit Symbol Test, Digit Span Test, and CFT. Compared with RW, subjects with SD exhibited decreased FS in the bilateral anterior and posterior cingulate gyrus and medial frontal gyrus, right superior frontal gyrus, and cerebellum posterior lobe, while they exhibited increased FS in the bilateral precentral/postcentral gyrus and supplementary motor area, right parahippocampal gyrus and fusiform gyrus, left inferior occipital gyrus, and bilateral cerebellum anterior lobe. After SD, FS changes in the right parahippocampal gyrus and fusiform gyrus were correlated with altered performance in the Digit Symbol Test and CFT. Conclusion Our findings showed that the stability of the brain’s functional architecture could be altered by SD. This stability alteration may correspond to multiple neurocognitive domain changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao-Xin Huang
- Department of Radiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhu-Ling Gao
- Department of Nursing, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jia-Hui Lin
- Department of Radiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yan-Juan Lin
- Department of Nursing, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yan-Juan Lin,
| | - Hua-Jun Chen
- Department of Radiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- School of Medical Imaging, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Hua-Jun Chen, ,
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3
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Lim JYL, Boardman J, Dyche J, Anderson C, Dickinson DL, Drummond SPA. Sex moderates the effects of total sleep deprivation and sleep restriction on risk preference. Sleep 2022; 45:6603432. [PMID: 35667000 PMCID: PMC9453615 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep loss has been shown to alter risk preference during decision-making. However, research in this area has largely focussed on the effects of total sleep deprivation (TSD), while evidence on the effects of sleep restriction (SR) or the potentially moderating role of sex on risk preference remains scarce and unclear. The present study investigated risky decision-making in 47 healthy young adults who were assigned to either of two counterbalanced protocols: well-rested (WR) and TSD, or WR and SR. Participants were assessed on the Lottery Choice Task (LCT), which requires a series of choices between two risky gambles with varying risk levels. Analyses on the pooled dataset indicated across all sleep conditions, participants were generally more risk-seeking when trying to minimise financial loss (LOSSES) than while trying to maximise financial gain (GAINS). On GAINS trials, female participants were more risk-averse during TSD and SR, whereas male participants remained unchanged. On LOSSES trials, female participants remained unchanged during TSD and SR, whereas male participants became more risk-seeking during TSD. Our findings suggest the relationship between sleep loss and risk preference is moderated by sex, whereby changes in risk preference after TSD or SR differ in men and women depending on whether the decision is framed in terms of gains or losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeryl Y L Lim
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University , Melbourne, VIC , Australia
| | - Johanna Boardman
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University , Melbourne, VIC , Australia
| | - Jeff Dyche
- Department of Psychology, James Madison University , Harrisonburg, VA , USA
| | - Clare Anderson
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University , Melbourne, VIC , Australia
| | - David L Dickinson
- Department of Economics and CERPA, Appalachian State University , Boone, NC , USA
- Economics Science Institute, Chapman University , Orange, CA , USA
- Institute of Labor Economics , Bonn , Germany
| | - Sean P A Drummond
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University , Melbourne, VIC , Australia
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4
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Dickinson DL, Brookes J, Ferguson C, Drummond SPA. The impact of self-selected short sleep on monetary risk taking. J Sleep Res 2021; 31:e13529. [PMID: 34846092 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Risky choice has been widely studied in experimental settings, but there is a paucity of research examining the effects of self-selected sleep schedules on risky choices. The current study examined incentivised risky choices of 100 young, healthy adults whose self-selected (at-home) sleep schedules were tracked via actigraphy for 1 week prior to decision making. Average nightly sleep was 6.43 h/night. On each trial of the decision task, individuals chose between two monetary gambles, with separate blocks of trials presenting amounts to gain versus amounts to lose for each paired gamble choice. In general, participants were risk-averse when trying to maximise gains (GAINS) and risk-seeking when trying to minimise losses (LOSSES). These tendencies were amplified in trials where gambles differed more (vs less) in their riskiness. Response times were longer for real choices (vs. dummy trials of random choice), LOSS versus GAINS trials, and when gambles were more similar versus different in risk. Gamble choices were not impacted by actigraphy measured average sleep levels, which suggests self-selected moderate sleep deprivation does not affect risky monetary choices, as has been found in studies of experimentally induced sleep deprivation. However, our data showed that sleep variability increased risk-taking behaviour in the LOSS condition. Thus, risky decision-making may relate more to variability in sleep efficiency than to overall sleep duration or quality in naturalistic settings. The current study gives insight into how decision making in experimental sleep settings may or may not translate to more ecologically valid settings of self-directed sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Dickinson
- Department of Economic and CERPA, Appalachian State University; ESI; IZA, Boone, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jama Brookes
- Department of Psychology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cori Ferguson
- Department of Psychology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sean P A Drummond
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
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5
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Fifel K, Deboer T. Heterogenous electrophysiological responses of functionally distinct striatal subregions to circadian and sleep-related homeostatic processes. Sleep 2021; 45:6369544. [PMID: 34516641 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal Ganglia (BG) are a set of subcortical nuclei that are involved in the control of a wide variety of motor, cognitive and affective behaviors. Although many behavioral abnormalities associated with BG dysfunction overlap with the clinical picture precipitated by the lack of sleep, the impact of sleep alterations on neuronal activity in BG is unknown. Using wildtype C57BI mice, we investigated the circadian and sleep-related homeostatic modulation of neuronal activity in the 3 functional subdivisions of the striatum (i.e. sensorimotor, associative and limbic striatum). We found no circadian modulation of activity in both ventral and dorso-medial striatum while the dorso-lateral striatum displayed a significant circadian rhythm with increased firing rates during the subjective dark, active phase. By combining neuronal activity recordings with electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings, we found a strong modulation of neuronal activity by the nature of vigilance states with increased activity during wakefulness and rapid eye movement sleep relative to non-rapid eye movement sleep in all striatal subregions. Depriving animals of sleep for 6 hours induced significant, but heterogenous alterations in the neuronal activity across striatal subregions. Notably, these alterations lasted for up to 48 hours in the sensorimotor striatum and persisted even after the normalization of cortical EEG power densities. Our results show that vigilance and sleep states as well as their disturbances significantly affect neuronal activity within the striatum. We propose that these changes in neuronal activity underlie both the well-established links between sleep alterations and several disorders involving BG dysfunction as well as the maladaptive changes in behavior induced in healthy subjects following sleep loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Fifel
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tom Deboer
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Massar SAA. Sleep loss and risk-taking: new findings in a field that needs more clarity. Sleep 2021; 44:6205721. [PMID: 33835162 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stijn A A Massar
- Sleep and Cognition Laboratory, Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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7
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Mantua J, Bessey AF, Mickelson CA, Choynowski JJ, Noble JJ, Burke TM, McKeon AB, Sowden WJ. Sleep and high-risk behavior in military service members: a mega-analysis of four diverse U.S. Army units. Sleep 2021; 44:5944093. [PMID: 33125489 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental sleep restriction and deprivation lead to risky decision-making. Further, in naturalistic settings, short sleep duration and poor sleep quality have been linked to real-world high-risk behaviors (HRB), such as reckless driving or substance use. Military populations, in general, tend to sleep less and have poorer sleep quality than nonmilitary populations due to a number of occupational, cultural, and psychosocial factors (e.g. continuous operations, stress, and trauma). Consequently, it is possible that insufficient sleep in this population is linked to HRB. To investigate this question, we combined data from four diverse United States Army samples and conducted a mega-analysis by aggregating raw, individual-level data (n = 2,296, age 24.7 ± 5.3). A negative binomial regression and a logistic regression were used to determine whether subjective sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI], Insomnia Severity Index [ISI], and duration [h]) predicted instances of military-specific HRB and the commission of any HRB (yes/no), respectively. Poor sleep quality slightly elevated the risk for committing HRBs (PSQI Exp(B): 1.12 and ISI Exp(B): 1.07), and longer duration reduced the risk for HRBs to a greater extent (Exp(B): 0.78), even when controlling for a number of relevant demographic factors. Longer sleep duration also predicted a decreased risk for commission of any HRB behaviors (Exp(B): 0.71). These findings demonstrate that sleep quality and duration (the latter factor, in particular) could be targets for reducing excessive HRB in military populations. These findings could therefore lead to unit-wide or military-wide policy changes regarding sleep and HRB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna Mantua
- Behavioral Biology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD
| | | | - Carolyn A Mickelson
- Behavioral Biology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Jake J Choynowski
- Behavioral Biology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD
| | | | - Tina M Burke
- Behavioral Biology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Ashlee B McKeon
- Behavioral Biology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Walter J Sowden
- Behavioral Biology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD.,Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI
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8
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Leenaars CH, Van der Mierden S, Joosten RN, Van der Weide MA, Schirris M, Dematteis M, Meijboom FL, Feenstra MG, Bleich A. Risk-Based Decision Making: A Systematic Scoping Review of Animal Models and a Pilot Study on the Effects of Sleep Deprivation in Rats. Clocks Sleep 2021; 3:31-52. [PMID: 33498259 PMCID: PMC7838799 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep3010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals, including humans, frequently make decisions involving risk or uncertainty. Different strategies in these decisions can be advantageous depending the circumstances. Short sleep duration seems to be associated with more risky decisions in humans. Animal models for risk-based decision making can increase mechanistic understanding, but very little data is available concerning the effects of sleep. We combined primary- and meta-research to explore the relationship between sleep and risk-based decision making in animals. Our first objective was to create an overview of the available animal models for risky decision making. We performed a systematic scoping review. Our searches in Pubmed and Psychinfo retrieved 712 references, of which 235 were included. Animal models for risk-based decision making have been described for rodents, non-human primates, birds, pigs and honey-bees. We discuss task designs and model validity. Our second objective was to apply this knowledge and perform a pilot study on the effect of sleep deprivation. We trained and tested male Wistar rats on a probability discounting task; a “safe” lever always resulted in 1 reward, a “risky” lever resulted in 4 or no rewards. Rats adapted their preferences to variations in reward probabilities (p < 0.001), but 12 h of sleep deprivation during the light phase did not clearly alter risk preference (p = 0.21).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathalijn H.C. Leenaars
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (S.V.d.M.); (A.B.)
- Department for Health Evidence (Section HTA), SYRCLE, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6600 Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Unit Animals in Science and Society, Population Health Sciences, Utrecht University, 3500 Utrecht, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-511-532-1368
| | - Stevie Van der Mierden
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (S.V.d.M.); (A.B.)
- Department for Health Evidence (Section HTA), SYRCLE, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6600 Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud N.J.M.A. Joosten
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1000 Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (R.N.J.M.A.J.); (M.A.V.d.W.); (M.S.); (M.G.P.F.)
| | - Marnix A. Van der Weide
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1000 Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (R.N.J.M.A.J.); (M.A.V.d.W.); (M.S.); (M.G.P.F.)
| | - Mischa Schirris
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1000 Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (R.N.J.M.A.J.); (M.A.V.d.W.); (M.S.); (M.G.P.F.)
| | - Maurice Dematteis
- Department of Addiction Medicine, Grenobles Alpes University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Grenoble Alpes University, 38400 Grenoble, France;
| | - Franck L.B. Meijboom
- Unit Animals in Science and Society, Population Health Sciences, Utrecht University, 3500 Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Matthijs G.P. Feenstra
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1000 Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (R.N.J.M.A.J.); (M.A.V.d.W.); (M.S.); (M.G.P.F.)
| | - André Bleich
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (S.V.d.M.); (A.B.)
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Peters J, Vega T, Weinstein D, Mitchell J, Kayser A. Dopamine and Risky Decision-Making in Gambling Disorder. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0461-19.2020. [PMID: 32341121 PMCID: PMC7294471 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0461-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Gambling disorder is a behavioral addiction associated with impairments in value-based decision-making and cognitive control. These functions are thought to be regulated by dopamine within fronto-striatal circuits, but the role of altered dopamine neurotransmission in the etiology of gambling disorder remains controversial. Preliminary evidence suggests that increasing frontal dopamine tone might improve cognitive functioning in gambling disorder. We therefore examined whether increasing frontal dopamine tone via a single dose of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor tolcapone would reduce risky choice in human gamblers (n = 14) in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study. Data were analyzed using hierarchical Bayesian parameter estimation and a combined risky choice drift diffusion model (DDM). Model comparison revealed a nonlinear mapping from value differences to trial-wise drift rates, confirming recent findings. An increase in risk-taking under tolcapone versus placebo was about five times more likely, given the data, than a decrease [Bayes factor (BF) = 0.2]. Examination of drug effects on diffusion model parameters revealed that an increase in the value dependency of the drift rate under tolcapone was about thirteen times more likely than a decrease (BF = 0.073). In contrast, a reduction in the maximum drift rate under tolcapone was about seven times more likely than an increase (BF = 7.51). Results add to previous work on COMT inhibitors in behavioral addictions and to mounting evidence for the applicability of diffusion models in value-based decision-making. Future work should focus on individual genetic, clinical and cognitive factors that might account for heterogeneity in the effects of COMT inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Peters
- Department of Psychology, Biological Psychology, University of Cologne, Cologne 50923, Germany
| | - Taylor Vega
- Department of Neurology, VA Northern California Healthcare System, San Francisco, CA 94121
| | | | - Jennifer Mitchell
- Department of Psychiatry
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Andrew Kayser
- Department of Neurology, VA Northern California Healthcare System, San Francisco, CA 94121
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
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10
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Lin Y, Hu P, Mai Z, Jiang T, Mo L, Ma N. Sleep Deprivation Impairs Cooperative Behavior Selectively: Evidence from Prisoner's and Chicken Dilemmas. Nat Sci Sleep 2020; 12:29-37. [PMID: 32021522 PMCID: PMC6980846 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s237402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to investigate the influences of acute sleep deprivation on cooperation with two classical social dilemmas, the Prisoner's dilemma (PD) and the chicken dilemma (CD). METHODS All participants (N=24) were required to come for the experiments twice; one time for normal sleep condition, the other time for sleep deprivation condition, with a counter-balanced sequence. In the following afternoon, participants completed the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) and two social dilemmas tasks, as well as the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS), the Risk Orientation Questionnaire (ROQ) and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). RESULTS Our results demonstrated that sleep deprivation significantly impaired cooperative behaviors in the CD but not in the PD. In addition, this detrimental effect was not related with the alteration in the risk-seeking, objective alertness, subjective sleepiness, and mood. CONCLUSION The current findings revealed that sleep deprivation impairs cooperative behaviors under social dilemmas selectively. However, the underlying mechanism remains to further explore with neuroimaging studies and better ecological approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ping Hu
- School of Psychology.,Center for Sleep Research
| | - Zifeng Mai
- School of Psychology.,Center for Sleep Research
| | | | - Lei Mo
- School of Psychology.,Center for Studies of Psychological Application.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health & Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Ma
- School of Psychology.,Center for Sleep Research.,Center for Studies of Psychological Application.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health & Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China
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11
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Salfi F, Lauriola M, Tempesta D, Calanna P, Socci V, De Gennaro L, Ferrara M. Effects of Total and Partial Sleep Deprivation on Reflection Impulsivity and Risk-Taking in Deliberative Decision-Making. Nat Sci Sleep 2020; 12:309-324. [PMID: 32547280 PMCID: PMC7261660 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s250586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of total and partial sleep deprivation on reflection impulsivity and risk-taking in tasks requiring deliberative decision-making processes. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Seventy-four healthy young adults were selected to participate in two independent experiments, each consisting of a crossover design. In Experiment 1, 32 participants were tested after one night of regular sleep (RS), and after one night of total sleep deprivation (TSD). In Experiment 2, 42 participants were tested following five nights of RS and after five nights of partial sleep deprivation (PSD), implying five hours of sleep per night. In both the experiments, two deliberative decision-making tasks were administered, involving different decision-making constructs. The Mosaic Task (MT) assessed reflection impulsivity, the tendency to gather information before making a decision. The Columbia Card Task cold version (CCTc) evaluated risk-taking propensity in a dynamic environment. RESULTS Unlike TSD, PSD led to an increment of reflection impulsivity and risk-taking. Nevertheless, analyses taking into account the individuals' baseline (RS) performance showed consistent results between the two experimental sleep manipulations. Participants who gathered more information to make decisions in the MT when well-rested, then relied on less evidence under sleep loss, and more cautious participants in the CCTc tended to make riskier decisions. CONCLUSION Results pointed to differential consequences of sleep deprivation depending on the habitual way to respond during decision-making involving deliberative reasoning processes. Results were interpreted according to a putative interaction between sleep loss effect and individual difference factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Salfi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marco Lauriola
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Tempesta
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Calanna
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Socci
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Luigi De Gennaro
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Ferrara
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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12
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Javaheripour N, Shahdipour N, Noori K, Zarei M, Camilleri JA, Laird AR, Fox PT, Eickhoff SB, Eickhoff CR, Rosenzweig I, Khazaie H, Tahmasian M. Functional brain alterations in acute sleep deprivation: An activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev 2019; 46:64-73. [PMID: 31063939 PMCID: PMC7279069 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation (SD) is a common problem in modern societies, which leads to cognitive dysfunctions including attention lapses, impaired working memory, hindering decision making, impaired emotional processing, and motor vehicle accidents. Numerous neuroimaging studies have investigated the neural correlates of SD, but these studies have reported inconsistent results. Thus, we aimed to identify convergent patterns of abnormal brain functions due to acute SD. Based on the preferred reporting for systematic reviews and meta-analyses statement, we searched the PubMed database and performed reference tracking and finally retrieved 31 eligible functional neuroimaging studies. Then, we applied activation estimation likelihood meta-analysis and found reduced activity mainly in the right intraparietal sulcus and superior parietal lobule. The functional decoding analysis using the BrainMap database indicated that this region is mostly related to visuospatial perception, memory and reasoning. The significant co-activation of this region using the BrainMap database were found in the left superior parietal lobule, intraparietal sulcus, bilateral occipital cortex, left fusiform gyrus and thalamus. This region also connected with the superior parietal lobule, intraparietal sulcus, insula, inferior frontal gyrus, precentral, occipital and cerebellum through resting-state functional connectivity in healthy subjects. Taken together, our findings highlight the role of superior parietal cortex in SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nooshin Javaheripour
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Shahdipour
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Noori
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Zarei
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Julia A Camilleri
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Angela R Laird
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Peter T Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; South Texas Veterans Healthcare System University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1; INM-7), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Claudia R Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1; INM-7), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ivana Rosenzweig
- Sleep Disorders Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, GSTT NHS, London, UK; Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, IOPPN, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Habibolah Khazaie
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Masoud Tahmasian
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Framing effect, probability distortion, and gambling tendency without feedback are resistant to two nights of experimental sleep restriction. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8554. [PMID: 31189964 PMCID: PMC6561965 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44237-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies suggest that sleep deprivation affects risky decision making. However, most of these are confounded by feedback given after each decision, indicating that decisions may be based on suboptimal feedback-learning rather than risk evaluation. Furthermore, few studies have investigated the effect of sleep loss on aspects of prospect theory, specifically the framing effect and probability distortion. In this within-subjects design, 25 people had (i) two nights of an 8 h sleep opportunity, and (ii) two nights of a 4 h sleep opportunity, in a counter-balanced order. Following the two nights, they performed a gambling task with no immediate feedback; for each round, they could either gamble for a full amount, or take a settlement framed as a gain or a loss for part of the amount. Sleep restriction did not significantly affect the tendency to gamble, the framing effect, or probability distortion, as compared to normal sleep. These results indicate that two nights of sleep restriction affects neither general gambling tendency, nor two of the main predictions of prospect theory. This resilience may be due to a less extreme sleep loss than in previous studies, but also indicates that learning components and risk biases should be separated when assessing the effect of sleep loss on risky behaviour.
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14
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Massar SAA, Lim J, Huettel SA. Sleep deprivation, effort allocation and performance. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2019; 246:1-26. [PMID: 31072557 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation causes physiological alterations (e.g., decreased arousal, intrusion of micro-sleeps), that negatively affect performance on a wide range of cognitive domains. These effects indicate that cognitive performance relies on a capacity-limited system that may be more challenged in the absence of sleep. Additionally, sleep loss can result in a lower willingness to exert effort in the pursuit of performance goals. Such deficits in motivation may interact with the effects of capacity limitations to further stifle cognitive performance. When sleep-deprived, cognitive performance is experienced as more effortful, and intrinsic motivation to perform dwindles. On the other hand, increasing motivation extrinsically (e.g., by monetary incentives) can inspire individuals to allocate more task-related effort, and can partially counter performance deficits associated with sleep deprivation. In this chapter, we review current research on the interplay between sleep deprivation, effort and performance. We integrate these findings into an effort-based decision-making framework in which sleep-related performance impairments may result from a voluntary decision to withdraw effort. We conclude with practical implications of this framework for performance in healthy populations (e.g., work productivity) and clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn A A Massar
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Julian Lim
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Scott A Huettel
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States; Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States; Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.
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15
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Yang L, Lei Y, Wang L, Chen P, Cheng S, Chen S, Sun J, Li Y, Wang Y, Hu W, Yang Z. Abnormal functional connectivity density in sleep-deprived subjects. Brain Imaging Behav 2019; 12:1650-1657. [PMID: 29488149 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-9829-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation (SD) can alter the intrinsic brain functional organization. However, its effects on intrinsic low-frequency connectivity in the whole brain have not been well characterized. In this study, we used voxel-based functional connectivity density (FCD) analysis to investigate the effects of SD on the spontaneous functional organization of the brain. Thirty-seven healthy participants underwent this within-subject crossover functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study during rested wakefulness (RW) and after 36 h of total sleep deprivation (TSD). Decreased long-/short-range FCDs were observed in the posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, inferior parietal lobule, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Increased long-/short-range FCDs were found in the sensory integration and arousal regulating areas, including the postcentral gyrus, thalamus, superior temporal gyrus, and occipital-temporal cortex. Moreover, a significant negative correlation was found between the short-range FCD of the PCC and the reaction time of Psychomotor Vigilance Task. In the present study, spontaneous functional organization with significant group-wise differences between RW and TSD sessions was identified. Our findings extend our understanding of the neural mechanism of how brain activity is altered in sleep-deprived individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Lei
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Brain Science Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lubin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pinhong Chen
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Cheng
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jicheng Sun
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihan Wang
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Wendong Hu
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zheng Yang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China. .,Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Sleep Deprivation Selectively Upregulates an Amygdala-Hypothalamic Circuit Involved in Food Reward. J Neurosci 2018; 39:888-899. [PMID: 30559151 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0250-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep loss is associated with increased obesity risk, as demonstrated by correlations between sleep duration and change in body mass index or body fat percentage. Whereas previous studies linked this weight gain to disturbed endocrine parameters after sleep deprivation or restriction, neuroimaging studies revealed upregulated neural processing of food rewards after sleep loss in reward-processing areas such as the anterior cingulate cortex, ventral striatum, and insula. To address this ongoing debate between hormonal versus hedonic factors underlying sleep-loss-associated weight gain, we rigorously tested the association between sleep deprivation and food cue processing using high-resolution fMRI and assessment of hormones. After taking blood samples from 32 lean, healthy, human male participants, they underwent fMRI while performing a neuroeconomic, value-based decision-making task with snack food and trinket rewards following a full night of habitual sleep and a night of sleep deprivation in a repeated-measures crossover design. We found that des-acyl ghrelin concentrations were increased after sleep deprivation compared with habitual sleep. Despite similar hunger ratings due to fasting in both conditions, participants were willing to spend more money on food items only after sleep deprivation. Furthermore, fMRI data paralleled this behavioral finding, revealing a food-reward-specific upregulation of hypothalamic valuation signals and amygdala-hypothalamic coupling after a single night of sleep deprivation. Behavioral and fMRI results were not significantly correlated with changes in acyl, des-acyl, or total ghrelin concentrations. Our results suggest that increased food valuation after sleep loss might be due to hedonic rather than hormonal mechanisms.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Epidemiological studies suggest an association between overweight and reduced nocturnal sleep, but the relative contributions of hedonic and hormonal factors to overeating after sleep loss are a matter of ongoing controversy. Here, we tested the association between sleep deprivation and food cue processing in a repeated-measures crossover design using fMRI. We found that willingness to pay increased for food items only after sleep deprivation. fMRI data paralleled this behavioral finding, revealing a food-reward-specific upregulation of hypothalamic valuation signals and amygdala-hypothalamic coupling after a single night of sleep deprivation. However, there was no evidence for hormonal modulations of behavioral or fMRI findings. Our results suggest that increased food valuation after sleep loss is due to hedonic rather than hormonal mechanisms.
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17
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Figorilli M, Congiu P, Lecca R, Gioi G, Frau R, Puligheddu M. Sleep in Parkinson's Disease with Impulse Control Disorder. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2018; 18:68. [PMID: 30099617 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-018-0875-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This paper aims to explore the relationship between impulse-control disorders (ICDs) and sleep problems in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) among scientific literature. RECENT FINDINGS Previously published results are controversial and sometimes inconclusive. ICDs and sleep disruption represent important non-motor features of Parkinson's disease, responsible for reducing quality of life and increasing burden of disease. The relationship between sleep problems and ICDs is complex and bidirectional. Indeed, sleep disturbances and fragmentation may play a crucial role in increasing susceptibility to impulsive behavior and may represent a risk factor for developing ICDs in PD patients. Moreover, REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and restless legs syndrome (RLS) have been indicated as independent risk factors for ICDs in PD patients. On the other hand, also ICDs may lead to sleep restriction and fragmentation, suggesting a bidirectional relationship. The association between sleep problems and ICDs in PD is far from being completely understood. Further studies are needed to confirm the nature of this relationship and its pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Figorilli
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Patrizia Congiu
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Rosa Lecca
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gioia Gioi
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Roberto Frau
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Monica Puligheddu
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
- Sleep Disorder Centre, Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, ss 554 bivio Sestu 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
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18
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Maric A, Montvai E, Werth E, Storz M, Leemann J, Weissengruber S, Ruff CC, Huber R, Poryazova R, Baumann CR. Insufficient sleep: Enhanced risk-seeking relates to low local sleep intensity. Ann Neurol 2017; 82:409-418. [PMID: 28833531 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic sleep restriction is highly prevalent in modern society and is, in its clinical form, insufficient sleep syndrome, one of the most prevalent diagnoses in clinical sleep laboratories, with substantial negative impact on health and community burden. It reflects every-day sleep loss better than acute sleep deprivation, but its effects and particularly the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown for a variety of critical cognitive domains, as, for example, risky decision making. METHODS We assessed financial risk-taking behavior after 7 consecutive nights of sleep restriction and after 1 night of acute sleep deprivation compared to a regular sleep condition in a within-subject design. We further investigated potential underlying mechanisms of sleep-loss-induced changes in behavior by high-density electroencephalography recordings during restricted sleep. RESULTS We show that chronic sleep restriction increases risk-seeking, whereas this was not observed after acute sleep deprivation. This increase was subjectively not noticed and was related to locally lower values of slow-wave energy during preceding sleep, an electrophysiological marker of sleep intensity and restoration, in electrodes over the right prefrontal cortex. INTERPRETATION This study provides, for the first time, evidence that insufficient sleep restoration over circumscribed cortical areas leads to aberrant behavior. In chronically sleep restricted subjects, low slow-wave sleep intensity over the right prefrontal cortex-which has been shown to be linked to risk behavior-may lead to increased and subjectively unnoticed risk-seeking. Ann Neurol 2017;82:409-418.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Maric
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eszter Montvai
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Esther Werth
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Storz
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Janina Leemann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Weissengruber
- Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research (SNS-Lab), Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian C Ruff
- Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research (SNS-Lab), Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reto Huber
- Child Development Center and Pediatric Sleep Disorders Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rositsa Poryazova
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian R Baumann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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19
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Vyazovskiy VV, Walton ME, Peirson SN, Bannerman DM. Sleep homeostasis, habits and habituation. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2017; 44:202-211. [PMID: 28575718 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The importance of sleep for behavioural performance during waking is long-established, but the underlying reasons and mechanisms remain elusive. Waking and sleep are associated with changes in the levels of GluA1 AMPAR subunit in synaptic membranes, while studies using genetically-modified mice have identified an important role for GluA1-dependent synaptic plasticity in a non-associative form of memory that underlies short-term habituation to recently experienced stimuli. Here we posit that sleep may play a role in dishabituation, which restores attentional capacity and maximises the readiness of the animal for learning and goal-directed behaviour during subsequent wakefulness. Furthermore we suggest that sleep disturbance may fundamentally change the nature of behaviour, making it more model-free and habitual as a result of reduced attentional capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladyslav V Vyazovskiy
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, United Kingdom; Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Oxford Molecular Pathology Institute, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom.
| | - Mark E Walton
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford,South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3UD, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart N Peirson
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Oxford Molecular Pathology Institute, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
| | - David M Bannerman
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Oxford Molecular Pathology Institute, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom; Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford,South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3UD, United Kingdom
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20
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Joint Effects of Peer Presence and Fatigue on Risk and Reward Processing in Late Adolescence. J Youth Adolesc 2017; 46:1878-1890. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-017-0690-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Abstract
How does a lack of sleep affect our brains? In contrast to the benefits of sleep, frameworks exploring the impact of sleep loss are relatively lacking. Importantly, the effects of sleep deprivation (SD) do not simply reflect the absence of sleep and the benefits attributed to it; rather, they reflect the consequences of several additional factors, including extended wakefulness. With a focus on neuroimaging studies, we review the consequences of SD on attention and working memory, positive and negative emotion, and hippocampal learning. We explore how this evidence informs our mechanistic understanding of the known changes in cognition and emotion associated with SD, and the insights it provides regarding clinical conditions associated with sleep disruption.
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22
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Uy JP, Galván A. Sleep duration moderates the association between insula activation and risky decisions under stress in adolescents and adults. Neuropsychologia 2017; 95:119-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Neural correlates of increased risk-taking propensity in sleep-deprived people along with a changing risk level. Brain Imaging Behav 2016; 11:1910-1921. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9658-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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24
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Abstract
Thalamocortical connectivity is believed to underlie basic alertness, motor, sensory information processing, and attention processes. This connectivity appears to be disrupted by total sleep deprivation, but it is not known whether it is affected by normal variations in general daytime sleepiness in nonsleep deprived persons. Healthy adult participants completed the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and underwent resting-state functional MRI. Functional connectivity between the thalamus and other regions of the cortex was examined and correlated with Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores. Greater sleepiness was associated with inverse (i.e. lower or more negative) connectivity between the bilateral thalamus and cortical regions involved in somatosensory and motor functions, potentially reflecting the disengagement of sensory and motor processing from the stream of consciousness.
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25
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Greer SM, Goldstein AN, Knutson B, Walker MP. A Genetic Polymorphism of the Human Dopamine Transporter Determines the Impact of Sleep Deprivation on Brain Responses to Rewards and Punishments. J Cogn Neurosci 2016; 28:803-10. [PMID: 26918589 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite an emerging link between alterations in motivated behavior and a lack of sleep, the impact of sleep deprivation on human brain mechanisms of reward and punishment remain largely unknown, as does the role of trait dopamine activity in modulating such effects in the mesolimbic system. Combining fMRI with an established incentive paradigm and individual genotyping, here, we test the hypothesis that trait differences in the human dopamine transporter (DAT) gene-associated with altered synaptic dopamine signalling-govern the impact of sleep deprivation on neural sensitivity to impending monetary gains and losses. Consistent with this framework, markedly different striatal reward responses were observed following sleep loss depending on the DAT functional polymorphisms. Only participants carrying a copy of the nine-repeat DAT allele-linked to higher phasic dopamine activity-expressed amplified striatal response during anticipation of monetary gain following sleep deprivation. Moreover, participants homozygous for the ten-repeat DAT allele-linked to lower phasic dopamine activity-selectively demonstrated an increase in sensitivity to monetary loss within anterior insula following sleep loss. Together, these data reveal a mechanistic dependency on human of trait dopaminergic function in determining the interaction between sleep deprivation and neural processing of rewards and punishments. Such findings have clinical implications in disorders where the DAT genetic polymorphism presents a known risk factor with comorbid sleep disruption, including attention hyperactive deficit disorder and substance abuse.
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26
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Roewer I, Wiehler A, Peters J. Nicotine deprivation, temporal discounting and choice consistency in heavy smokers. J Exp Anal Behav 2015; 103:62-76. [PMID: 25641080 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The subjective value of rewards declines the longer rewards are delayed into the future ("delay discounting"). Discounting behavior varies both as a function of an individual's trait and current state. The degree of discounting has repeatedly been associated with relapse following treatment of addiction. Therefore, the effects of acute drug deprivation on discounting processes are potentially of high clinical relevance. In two testing sessions (24 hr of nicotine deprivation vs. normal smoking) 37 heavy smoking participants made choices between immediate and delayed rewards as well as between shorter and longer delayed rewards. We found no evidence for an effect of nicotine deprivation on delay discounting of potentially real monetary rewards in both types of decision tasks. Although choice stochasticity was numerically increased after deprivation, this effect was not significant (p>.1). Participants responded significantly slower after nicotine deprivation. Our study supports previous findings that choice impulsivity as measured using discounting tasks is not affected by nicotine deprivation, at least not if real monetary rewards of lower amounts are at stake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imme Roewer
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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27
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Mullette-Gillman OA, Kurnianingsih YA, Liu JCJ. Sleep deprivation alters choice strategy without altering uncertainty or loss aversion preferences. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:352. [PMID: 26500479 PMCID: PMC4593856 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep deprivation alters decision making; however, it is unclear what specific cognitive processes are modified to drive altered choices. In this manuscript, we examined how one night of total sleep deprivation (TSD) alters economic decision making. We specifically examined changes in uncertainty preferences dissociably from changes in the strategy with which participants engage with presented choice information. With high test-retest reliability, we show that TSD does not alter uncertainty preferences or loss aversion. Rather, TSD alters the information the participants rely upon to make their choices. Utilizing a choice strategy metric which contrasts the influence of maximizing and satisficing information on choice behavior, we find that TSD alters the relative reliance on maximizing information and satisficing information, in the gains domain. This alteration is the result of participants both decreasing their reliance on cognitively-complex maximizing information and a concomitant increase in the use of readily-available satisficing information. TSD did not result in a decrease in overall information use in either domain. These results show that sleep deprivation alters decision making by altering the informational strategies that participants employ, without altering their preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- O'Dhaniel A Mullette-Gillman
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore Singapore, Singapore ; SINAPSE Institute, National University of Singapore Singapore, Singapore ; Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Jean C J Liu
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore ; Division of Social Sciences, Yale-NUS College Singapore, Singapore
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28
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Ratcliff R, Childers R. Individual Differences and Fitting Methods for the Two-Choice Diffusion Model of Decision Making. DECISION (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2015; 2015:10.1037/dec0000030. [PMID: 26236754 PMCID: PMC4517692 DOI: 10.1037/dec0000030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Methods of fitting the diffusion model were examined with a focus on what the model can tell us about individual differences. Diffusion model parameters were obtained from the fits to data from two experiments and consistency of parameter values, individual differences, and practice effects were examined using different numbers of observations from each subject. Two issues were examined, first, what sizes of differences between groups can be obtained to distinguish between groups and second, what sizes of differences would be needed to find individual subjects that had a deficit relative to a control group. The parameter values from the experiments provided ranges that were used in a simulation study to examine recovery of individual differences. This study used several diffusion model fitting programs, fitting methods, and published packages. In a second simulation study, 64 sets of simulated data from each of 48 sets of parameter values (spanning the range of typical values obtained from fits to data) were fit with the different methods and biases and standard deviations in recovered model parameters were compared across methods. Finally, in a third simulation study, a comparison between a standard chi-square method and a hierarchical Bayesian method was performed. The results from these studies can be used as a starting point for selecting fitting methods and as a basis for understanding the strengths and weaknesses of using diffusion model analyses to examine individual differences in clinical, neuropsychological, and educational testing.
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29
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Gao L, Bai L, Zhang Y, Dai XJ, Netra R, Min Y, Zhou F, Niu C, Dun W, Gong H, Zhang M. Frequency-dependent changes of local resting oscillations in sleep-deprived brain. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120323. [PMID: 25798918 PMCID: PMC4370559 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep deprivation (SD) adversely affects brain function and is accompanied by frequency dependent changes in EEG. Recent studies have suggested that BOLD fluctuations pertain to a spatiotemporal organization with different frequencies. The present study aimed to investigate the frequency-dependent SD-related brain oscillatory activity by using the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) analysis. The ALFF changes were measured across different frequencies (Slow-4: 0.027–0.073 Hz; Slow-5: 0.01–0.027 Hz; and Typical band: 0.01–0.08 Hz) in 24 h SD as compared to rested wakeful during resting-state fMRI. Sixteen volunteers underwent two fMRI sessions, once during rested wakefulness and once after 24 h of SD. SD showed prominently decreased ALFF in the right inferior parietal lobule (IPL), bilateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), while increased ALFF in the visual cortex, left sensorimotor cortex and fusiform gyrus. Across the Slow-4 and Slow-5, results differed significantly in the OFC, DLPFC, thalamus and caudate in comparison to typical frequency band; and Slow-4 showed greater differences. In addition, negative correlations of behavior performance and ALFF patterns were found mainly in the right IPL across the typical frequency band. These observations provided novel insights about the physiological responses of SD, identified how it disturbs the brain rhythms, and linked SD with frequency-dependent alterations in amplitude patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- Department of Medical Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Lijun Bai
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Zonglian Experimental Class, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xi-jian Dai
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Rana Netra
- Department of Medical Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Youjiang Min
- Acupuncture & Rehabilitation Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Fuqing Zhou
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Chen Niu
- Department of Medical Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wanghuan Dun
- Department of Medical Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Honghan Gong
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- * E-mail: (MZ); (HG)
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- * E-mail: (MZ); (HG)
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de Hollander G, Keuken MC, Forstmann BU. The subcortical cocktail problem; mixed signals from the subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120572. [PMID: 25793883 PMCID: PMC4368736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The subthalamic nucleus and the directly adjacent substantia nigra are small and important structures in the basal ganglia. Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have shown that the subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra are selectively involved in response inhibition, conflict processing, and adjusting global and selective response thresholds. However, imaging these nuclei is complex, because they are in such close proximity, they can vary in location, and are very small relative to the resolution of most fMRI sequences. Here, we investigated the consistency in localization of these nuclei in BOLD fMRI studies, comparing reported coordinates with probabilistic atlas maps of young human participants derived from ultra-high resolution 7T MRI scanning. We show that the fMRI signal reported in previous studies is likely not unequivocally arising from the subthalamic nucleus but represents a mixture of subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra, and surrounding tissue. Using a simulation study, we also tested to what extent spatial smoothing, often used in fMRI preprocessing pipelines, influences the mixture of BOLD signals. We propose concrete steps how to analyze fMRI BOLD data to allow inferences about the functional role of small subcortical nuclei like the subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles de Hollander
- Amsterdam Brain & Cognition Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Max C. Keuken
- Amsterdam Brain & Cognition Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Birte U. Forstmann
- Amsterdam Brain & Cognition Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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31
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Reward-based decision making in pathological gambling: The roles of risk and delay. Neurosci Res 2015; 90:3-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Pedão ST, Aguiar SA, Cunha BP, de Freitas PB. Grip and load force control and coordination in object manipulation during a night of sleep deprivation. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/sbr.12102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Tiago Pedão
- Graduate Program in Human Movement Science; Institute of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences; Cruzeiro do Sul University; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Stefane Aline Aguiar
- Graduate Program in Human Movement Science; Institute of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences; Cruzeiro do Sul University; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Bianca Pinto Cunha
- Graduate Program in Human Movement Science; Institute of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences; Cruzeiro do Sul University; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Paulo Barbosa de Freitas
- Graduate Program in Human Movement Science; Institute of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences; Cruzeiro do Sul University; São Paulo Brazil
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Patanaik A, Zagorodnov V, Kwoh CK, Chee MWL. Predicting vulnerability to sleep deprivation using diffusion model parameters. J Sleep Res 2014; 23:576-84. [DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amiya Patanaik
- School of Computer Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore Singapore
| | - Vitali Zagorodnov
- School of Computer Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore Singapore
| | - Chee Keong Kwoh
- School of Computer Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore Singapore
| | - Michael W. L. Chee
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory; Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School; Singapore Singapore
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Abstract
Sleep loss is common problem with a wide range of consequences. One possible consequence of sleep loss may be risk-taking behavior (RTB). The present review examined the empirical literature on the relationship between sleep loss and RTB. We found 23 studies that met inclusion criteria. Overall, sleep loss was positively associated with RTB, and there was evidence that changes in sleep loss are causally related to changes in RTB. One possible mediator of the relationship between sleep loss and RTB was reduced functioning of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC). Possible moderators of this relationship included type of RTB measure and general versus specific RTB. We discussed limitations and recommendations for future research in this area.
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Perogamvros L, Dang-Vu TT, Desseilles M, Schwartz S. Sleep and dreaming are for important matters. Front Psychol 2013; 4:474. [PMID: 23898315 PMCID: PMC3722492 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies in sleep and dreaming have described an activation of emotional and reward systems, as well as the processing of internal information during these states. Specifically, increased activity in the amygdala and across mesolimbic dopaminergic regions during REM sleep is likely to promote the consolidation of memory traces with high emotional/motivational value. Moreover, coordinated hippocampal-striatal replay during NREM sleep may contribute to the selective strengthening of memories for important events. In this review, we suggest that, via the activation of emotional/motivational circuits, sleep and dreaming may offer a neurobehavioral substrate for the offline reprocessing of emotions, associative learning, and exploratory behaviors, resulting in improved memory organization, waking emotion regulation, social skills, and creativity. Dysregulation of such motivational/emotional processes due to sleep disturbances (e.g., insomnia, sleep deprivation) would predispose to reward-related disorders, such as mood disorders, increased risk-taking and compulsive behaviors, and may have major health implications, especially in vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Perogamvros
- Sleep Laboratory, Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland ; Department of Neuroscience, University of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland ; Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland
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36
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Scullin MK, Sollinger AB, Land J, Wood-Siverio C, Zanders L, Lee R, Freeman A, Goldstein FC, Bliwise DL, Factor SA. Sleep and impulsivity in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2013; 19:991-4. [PMID: 23880026 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2013.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impulsive behavior and poor sleep are important non-motor features of Parkinson's disease (PD) that negatively impact the quality of life of patients and their families. Previous research suggests a higher level of sleep complaints in PD patients who demonstrate impulsive behaviors, but the nature of the sleep disturbances has yet to be comprehensively tested. METHODS Consecutive idiopathic PD patients (N = 143) completed the Minnesota Impulse Disorder Interview and a sleep questionnaire that assessed sleep efficiency, excessive daytime sleepiness, restless legs symptoms, snoring, dreams/nightmares, and nocturia. Patients were also given a Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor examination and they completed cognitive testing. RESULTS Impulsive PD patients endorsed more sleep complaints than non-impulsive PD patients. The group difference was primarily attributable to poor sleep efficiency (e.g., greater nocturnal awakenings), p < .01, and greater daytime sleepiness, p < .01, in the impulsive PD patients. Interestingly, restless legs symptoms were also greater in the impulsive PD patients, p < .05. The results could not be explained by medications or disease severity. CONCLUSIONS Poor sleep efficiency, restless legs symptoms, and increased daytime sleepiness are associated with impulsivity in PD. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether sleep disturbances precede impulsivity in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Scullin
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1841 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
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Libedinsky C, Massar SAA, Ling A, Chee W, Huettel SA, Chee MWL. Sleep deprivation alters effort discounting but not delay discounting of monetary rewards. Sleep 2013; 36:899-904. [PMID: 23729933 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.2720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To determine whether sleep deprivation would affect the discounting of delayed rewards, of rewards entailing the expense of effort, or both. DESIGN We measured rates of two types of reward discounting under conditions of rested wakefulness (RW) and sleep deprivation (SD). Delay discounting was defined as the willingness to accept smaller monetary rewards sooner rather than larger monetary rewards later. Effort discounting was defined as the willingness to accept smaller rewards that require less effort to obtain (e.g., typing a small number of letter strings backward) over larger but more effortful rewards (e.g., typing more letter strings to receive the reward). The first two experiments used a crossover design in which one session was conducted after a normal night of sleep (RW), and the other after a night without sleep (SD). The first experiment evaluated only temporal discounting whereas the second evaluated temporal and effort discounting. In the second experiment, the discounting tasks were repeatedly administered prior to the state comparisons to minimize the effects of order and/or repeated testing. In a third experiment, participants were studied only once in a between-subject evaluation of discounting across states. SETTING The study took place in a research laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Seventy-seven healthy young adult participants: 20 in Experiment 1, 27 in Experiment 2, and 30 in Experiment 3. INTERVENTIONS N/A. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Sleep deprivation elicited increased effort discounting but did not affect delay discounting. CONCLUSIONS The dissociable effects of sleep deprivation on two forms of discounting behavior suggest that they may have differing underlying neural mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Libedinsky
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore
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Yamane S, Takahashi T, Kamesaka A, Tsutsui Y, Ohtake F. Socio-Emotional Status, Education, and Time-Discounting in Japanese Non-Smoking Population: A Multi-Generational Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/psych.2013.42018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Perogamvros L, Schwartz S. The roles of the reward system in sleep and dreaming. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2012; 36:1934-51. [PMID: 22669078 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The mesolimbic dopaminergic system (ML-DA) allows adapted interactions with the environment and is therefore of critical significance for the individual's survival. The ML-DA system is implicated in reward and emotional functions, and it is perturbed in schizophrenia, addiction, and depression. The ML-DA reward system is not only recruited during wakeful behaviors, it is also active during sleep. Here, we introduce the Reward Activation Model (RAM) for sleep and dreaming, according to which activation of the ML-DA reward system during sleep contributes to memory processes, to the regulation of rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep, and to the generation and motivational content of dreams. In particular, the engagement of ML-DA and associated limbic structures prioritizes information with high emotional or motivational relevance for (re)processing during sleep and dreaming. The RAM provides testable predictions and has clinical implications for our understanding of the pathogenesis of major depression and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lampros Perogamvros
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Neuroscience, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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