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Báez BB, Bacaglio CR, Prendergast JM, Rozés-Salvador V, Sheikh KA, Bianchet M, Farah MH, Schnaar RL, Bisbal M, Lopez PHH. Tumor necrosis factor α receptor 1A transduces the inhibitory effect on axon regeneration triggered by IgG anti-ganglioside GD1a antibodies. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167315. [PMID: 38897255 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Anti-ganglioside antibodies (anti-Gg Abs) have been linked to delayed/poor clinical recovery in both axonal and demyelinating forms of Guillain-Barrè Syndrome (GBS). In many instances, the incomplete recovery is attributed to the peripheral nervous system's failure to regenerate. The cross-linking of cell surface gangliosides by anti-Gg Abs triggers inhibition of nerve repair in both in vitro and in vivo axon regeneration paradigms. This mechanism involves the activation of the small GTPase RhoA, which negatively modulates the growth cone cytoskeleton. At present, the identity/es of the receptor/s responsible for transducing the signal that ultimately leads to RhoA activation remains poorly understood. The aim of this work was to identify the transducer molecule responsible for the inhibitory effect of anti-Gg Abs on nerve repair. Putative candidate molecules were identified through proteomic mass spectrometry of ganglioside affinity-captured proteins from rat cerebellar granule neurons (Prendergast et al., 2014). These candidates were evaluated using an in vitro model of neurite outgrowth with primary cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRGn) and an in vivo model of axon regeneration. Using an shRNA-strategy to silence putative candidates on DRGn, we identified tumor necrosis factor receptor 1A protein (TNFR1A) as a transducer molecule for the inhibitory effect on neurite outgrowth from rat/mouse DRGn cultures of a well characterized mAb targeting the related gangliosides GD1a and GT1b. Interestingly, lack of TNFr1A expression on DRGn abolished the inhibitory effect on neurite outgrowth caused by anti-GD1a but not anti-GT1b specific mAbs, suggesting specificity of GD1a/transducer signaling. Similar results were obtained using primary DRGn cultures from TNFR1a-null mice, which did not activate RhoA after exposure to anti-GD1a mAbs. Generation of single point mutants at the stalk region of TNFR1A identified a critical amino acid for transducing GD1a signaling, suggesting a direct interaction. Finally, passive immunization with an anti-GD1a/GT1b mAb in an in vivo model of axon regeneration exhibited reduced inhibitory activity in TNFR1a-null mice compared to wild type mice. In conclusion, these findings identify TNFR1A as a novel transducer receptor for the inhibitory effect exerted by anti-GD1a Abs on nerve repair, representing a significant step forward toward understanding the factors contributing to poor clinical recovery in GBS associated with anti-Gg Abs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara B Báez
- Departamento de Química Biológica "Dr Ranwel Caputto", Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba-CIQUIBIC-CONICET-UNC, Argentina; Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martin Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cristian R Bacaglio
- Departamento de Química Biológica "Dr Ranwel Caputto", Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba-CIQUIBIC-CONICET-UNC, Argentina; Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martin Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Jillian M Prendergast
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Victoria Rozés-Salvador
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martin Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Kazim A Sheikh
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, United States
| | - Mario Bianchet
- Department of Biophysics & Biophysical Chemistry, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Mohamed H Farah
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Ronald L Schnaar
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Mariano Bisbal
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martin Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Pablo H H Lopez
- Departamento de Química Biológica "Dr Ranwel Caputto", Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba-CIQUIBIC-CONICET-UNC, Argentina; Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martin Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina.
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Berardo A, Bacaglio CR, Báez BB, Sambuelli R, Sheikh KA, Lopez PHH. Blockade of Rho-associated kinase prevents inhibition of axon regeneration of peripheral nerves induced by anti-ganglioside antibodies. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:895-899. [PMID: 37843226 PMCID: PMC10664126 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.382258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-ganglioside antibodies are associated with delayed/poor clinical recovery in Guillain-Barrè syndrome, mostly related to halted axon regeneration. Cross-linking of cell surface gangliosides by anti-ganglioside antibodies triggers inhibition of nerve repair in in vitro and in vivo paradigms of axon regeneration. These effects involve the activation of the small GTPase RhoA/ROCK signaling pathways, which negatively modulate growth cone cytoskeleton, similarly to well stablished inhibitors of axon regeneration described so far. The aim of this work was to perform a proof of concept study to demonstrate the effectiveness of Y-27632, a selective pharmacological inhibitor of ROCK, in a mouse model of axon regeneration of peripheral nerves, where the passive immunization with a monoclonal antibody targeting gangliosides GD1a and GT1b was previously reported to exert a potent inhibitory effect on regeneration of both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers. Our results demonstrate a differential sensitivity of myelinated and unmyelinated axons to the pro-regenerative effect of Y-27632. Treatment with a total dosage of 9 mg/kg of Y-27632 resulted in a complete prevention of anti-GD1a/GT1b monoclonal antibody-mediated inhibition of axon regeneration of unmyelinated fibers to skin and the functional recovery of mechanical cutaneous sensitivity. In contrast, the same dose showed toxic effects on the regeneration of myelinated fibers. Interestingly, scale down of the dosage of Y-27632 to 5 mg/kg resulted in a significant although not complete recovery of regenerated myelinated axons exposed to anti-GD1a/GT1b monoclonal antibody in the absence of toxicity in animals exposed to only Y-27632. Overall, these findings confirm the in vivo participation of RhoA/ROCK signaling pathways in the molecular mechanisms associated with the inhibition of axon regeneration induced by anti-GD1a/GT1b monoclonal antibody. Our findings open the possibility of therapeutic pharmacological intervention targeting RhoA/Rock pathway in immune neuropathies associated with the presence of anti-ganglioside antibodies and delayed or incomplete clinical recovery after injury in the peripheral nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Berardo
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martin Ferreyra, (INIMEC)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cristian R. Bacaglio
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martin Ferreyra, (INIMEC)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Biológica-Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC)- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Cs. Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Bárbara B. Báez
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martin Ferreyra, (INIMEC)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Biológica-Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC)- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Cs. Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Rubén Sambuelli
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Clínica Universitaria Reina Fabiola, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Kazim A. Sheikh
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pablo H. H. Lopez
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martin Ferreyra, (INIMEC)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Biológica-Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC)- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Cs. Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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Zhang N, Ji Q, Chen Y, Wen X, Shan F. TREM2 deficiency impairs the energy metabolism of Schwann cells and exacerbates peripheral neurological deficits. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:193. [PMID: 38453910 PMCID: PMC10920707 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06579-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM2) has been implicated in susceptibility to neurodegenerative disease. Schwann cells (SCs), the predominant glial cell type in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), play a crucial role in myelination, providing trophic support for neurons and nerve regeneration. However, the function of TREM2 in SCs has not been fully elucidated. Here, we found that TREM2 is expressed in SCs but not in neurons in the PNS. TREM2 deficiency leads to disruption of glycolytic flux and oxidative metabolism in SCs, impairing cell proliferation. The energy crisis caused by TREM2 deficiency triggers mitochondrial damage and autophagy by activating AMPK and impairing PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling. Combined metabolomic analysis demonstrated that energic substrates and energy metabolic pathways were significantly impaired in TREM2-deficient SCs. Moreover, TREM2 deficiency impairs energy metabolism and axonal growth in sciatic nerve, accompanied by exacerbation of neurological deficits and suppression of nerve regeneration in a mouse model of acute motor axonal neuropathy. These results indicate that TREM2 is a critical regulator of energy metabolism in SCs and exerts neuroprotective effects on peripheral neuropathy. TREM2 deficiency impairs glycolysis and oxidative metabolism in Schwann cells, resulting in compromised cell proliferation. The energy crisis caused by TREM2 deficiency induces mitochondrial damage and autophagy by activating AMPK and impairing PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling. Moreover, TREM2 deficiency disrupts the energy metabolism of the sciatic nerve and impairs support for axonal regeneration, accompanied by exacerbation of neurological deficits and suppression of nerve regeneration in a mouse model of acute motor axonal neuropathy (by FigDraw).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Zhang
- Medical Research Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Qingjie Ji
- Department of Rehabilitation, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Yunfeng Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Xiwu Wen
- Medical Research Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Fangzhen Shan
- Medical Research Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China.
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Shastri A, Al Aiyan A, Kishore U, Farrugia ME. Immune-Mediated Neuropathies: Pathophysiology and Management. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7288. [PMID: 37108447 PMCID: PMC10139406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of the immune system can result in damage of the peripheral nervous system. The immunological mechanisms, which include macrophage infiltration, inflammation and proliferation of Schwann cells, result in variable degrees of demyelination and axonal degeneration. Aetiology is diverse and, in some cases, may be precipitated by infection. Various animal models have contributed and helped to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms in acute and chronic inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathies (Guillain-Barre Syndrome and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, respectively). The presence of specific anti-glycoconjugate antibodies indicates an underlying process of molecular mimicry and sometimes assists in the classification of these disorders, which often merely supports the clinical diagnosis. Now, the electrophysiological presence of conduction blocks is another important factor in characterizing another subgroup of treatable motor neuropathies (multifocal motor neuropathy with conduction block), which is distinct from Lewis-Sumner syndrome (multifocal acquired demyelinating sensory and motor neuropathy) in its response to treatment modalities as well as electrophysiological features. Furthermore, paraneoplastic neuropathies are also immune-mediated and are the result of an immune reaction to tumour cells that express onconeural antigens and mimic molecules expressed on the surface of neurons. The detection of specific paraneoplastic antibodies often assists the clinician in the investigation of an underlying, sometimes specific, malignancy. This review aims to discuss the immunological and pathophysiological mechanisms that are thought to be crucial in the aetiology of dysimmune neuropathies as well as their individual electrophysiological characteristics, their laboratory features and existing treatment options. Here, we aim to present a balance of discussion from these diverse angles that may be helpful in categorizing disease and establishing prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Shastri
- Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 3AX, UK
| | - Ahmad Al Aiyan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, UAE University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Uday Kishore
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, UAE University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maria Elena Farrugia
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
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5
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Bischoff JP, Schulz A, Morrison H. The role of exosomes in inter-cellular and inter-organ communication of the peripheral nervous system. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:655-664. [PMID: 34990014 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes, nano-sized extracellular vesicles, are produced via the endosomal pathway and released in the extracellular space upon fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane. Recent evidence shows that these extracellular vesicles play a key role in cell-to-cell communication. Exosomes transport bioactive proteins, messenger RNA (mRNAs) and microRNA (miRNAs) in an active form to adjacent cells or to distant organs. In this review, we focus on the role of exosomes in peripheral nerve maintenance and repair, as well as peripheral nerve/organ crosstalk, and discuss the potential benefits of exploiting exosomes for treating PNS injuries. In addition, we will highlight the emerging role of exosomes as new important vehicles for physiological systemic crosstalk failures, which could lead to organ dysfunction during neuroinflammation or aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Patricia Bischoff
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Schulz
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Helen Morrison
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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6
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Wu CL, Chao CH, Lin SW, Chien YY, Huang WY, Weng WC, Su FC, Wei YC. Case Report: Plasma Biomarkers Reflect Immune Mechanisms of Guillain-Barré Syndrome. Front Neurol 2021; 12:720794. [PMID: 34539561 PMCID: PMC8446349 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.720794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This case series reported a group of patients with Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) and their plasma cytokine changes before and after immunotherapy. We aimed to understand GBS's pathogenesis and pathophysiology through observing the interval differences of the representative cytokines, which were the thymus and activation regulated chemokine (TARC) for T-cell chemotaxis, CD40 ligand (CD40L) for cosimulation of B and T cells, activated complement component C5/C5a, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) for survival and regenerative responses to nerve injuries. The fluorescence magnetic bead-based multiplexing immunoassay simultaneously quantified the five cytokines in a single sample. From June 2018 to December 2019, we enrolled five GBS patients who had completed before–after blood cytokine measurements. One patient was diagnosed with paraneoplastic GBS and excluded from the following cytokine analysis. The BDNF level decreased consistently in all the patients and made it a potential biomarker for the acute stage of GBS. Interval changes of the other four cytokines were relatively inconsistent and possibly related to interindividual differences in the immune response to GBS triggers, types of GBS variants, and classes of antiganglioside antibodies. In summary, utilizing the multiplexing immunoassay helps in understanding the complex immune mechanisms of GBS and the variation of immune responses in GBS subtypes; this method is feasible for identifying potential biomarkers of GBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Lun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hao Chao
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung City, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Wen Lin
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yi Chien
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yi Huang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chieh Weng
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Chieh Su
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chia Wei
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung City, Taiwan.,Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung City, Taiwan
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Asthana P, Zhang G, Sheikh KA, Him Eddie Ma C. Heat shock protein is a key therapeutic target for nerve repair in autoimmune peripheral neuropathy and severe peripheral nerve injury. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 91:48-64. [PMID: 32858161 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune peripheral neuropathy and a common cause of neuromuscular paralysis. Preceding infection induces the production of anti-ganglioside (GD) antibodies attacking its own peripheral nerves. In severe proximal peripheral nerve injuries that require long-distance axon regeneration, motor functional recovery is virtually nonexistent. Damaged axons fail to regrow and reinnervate target muscles. In mice, regenerating axons must reach the target muscle within 35 days (critical period) to reform functional neuromuscular junctions and regain motor function. Successful functional recovery depends on the rate of axon regeneration and debris removal (Wallerian degeneration) after nerve injury. The innate-immune response of the peripheral nervous system to nerve injury such as timing and magnitude of cytokine production is crucial for Wallerian degeneration. In the current study, forced expression of human heat shock protein (hHsp) 27 completely reversed anti-GD-induced inhibitory effects on nerve repair assessed by animal behavioral assays, electrophysiology and histology studies, and the beneficial effect was validated in a second mouse line of hHsp27. The protective effect of hHsp27 on prolonged muscle denervation was examined by performing repeated sciatic nerve crushes to delay regenerating axons from reaching distal muscle from 37 days up to 55 days. Strikingly, hHsp27 was able to extend the critical period of motor functional recovery for up to 55 days and preserve the integrity of axons and mitochondria in distal nerves. Cytokine array analysis demonstrated that a number of key cytokines which are heavily involved in the early phase of innate-immune response of Wallerian degeneration, were found to be upregulated in the sciatic nerve lysates of hHsp27 Tg mice at 1 day postinjury. However, persistent hyperinflammatory mediator changes were found after chronic denervation in sciatic nerves of littermate mice, but remained unchanged in hHsp27 Tg mice. Taken together, the current study provides insight into the development of therapeutic strategies to enhance muscle receptiveness (reinnervation) by accelerating axon regeneration and Wallerian degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Asthana
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Gang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston TX 77030, USA
| | - Kazim A Sheikh
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston TX 77030, USA
| | - Chi Him Eddie Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
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Lee JA, Hall B, Allsop J, Alqarni R, Allen SP. Lipid metabolism in astrocytic structure and function. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 112:123-136. [PMID: 32773177 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cell in the central nervous system and are involved in multiple processes including metabolic homeostasis, blood brain barrier regulation and neuronal crosstalk. Astrocytes are the main storage point of glycogen in the brain and it is well established that astrocyte uptake of glutamate and release of lactate prevents neuronal excitability and supports neuronal metabolic function. However, the role of lipid metabolism in astrocytes in relation to neuronal support has been until recently, unclear. Lipids play a fundamental role in astrocyte function, including energy generation, membrane fluidity and cell to cell signaling. There is now emerging evidence that astrocyte storage of lipids in droplets has a crucial physiological and protective role in the central nervous system. This pathway links β-oxidation in astrocytes to inflammation, signalling, oxidative stress and mitochondrial energy generation in neurons. Disruption in lipid metabolism, structure and signalling in astrocytes can lead to pathogenic mechanisms associated with a range of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Ak Lee
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Benjamin Hall
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Jessica Allsop
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Razan Alqarni
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Scott P Allen
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK.
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9
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Systemic IGF-1 gene delivery by rAAV9 improves spontaneous autoimmune peripheral polyneuropathy (SAPP). Sci Rep 2018; 8:5408. [PMID: 29615658 PMCID: PMC5883061 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23607-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous autoimmune peripheral polyneuropathy (SAPP) is a mouse model of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice null for costimulatory molecule, B7-2 gene (B7-2−/−). SAPP is a chronic progressive and multifocal inflammatory and demyelinating polyneuropathy of spontaneous onset with secondary axonal degeneration. Insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1) is a pleiotropic factor with neuroprotective, regenerative, and anti-inflammatory effects with extensive experience in its preclinical and clinical use. Systemic delivery of recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (rAAV9) provides robust and widespread gene transfer to central and peripheral nervous systems making it suitable for gene delivery in neurological diseases. A significant proportion of patients with inflammatory neuropathies like CIDP do not respond to current clinical therapies and there is a need for new treatments. In this study, we examined the efficacy IGF-1 gene therapy by systemic delivery with rAAV9 in SAPP model. The rAAV9 construct also contained a reporter gene to monitor the surrogate expression of IGF-1. We found significant improvement in neuropathic disease after systemic delivery of rAAV9/IGF-1 gene at presymptomatic and symptomatic stages of SAPP model. These findings support that IGF-1 treatment (including gene therapy) is a viable therapeutic option in immune neuropathies such as CIDP.
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10
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Lopez PH, Báez BB. Gangliosides in Axon Stability and Regeneration. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 156:383-412. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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11
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Ke C, Gao F, Tian X, Li C, Shi D, He W, Tian Y. Slit2/Robo1 Mediation of Synaptic Plasticity Contributes to Bone Cancer Pain. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 54:295-307. [PMID: 26738857 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9564-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity is fundamental to spinal sensitivity of bone cancer pain. Here, we have shown that excitatory synaptogenesis contributes to bone cancer pain. New synapse formation requires neurite outgrowth and an interaction between axons and dendrites, accompanied by the appositional organization of presynaptic and postsynaptic specializations. We have shown that Slit2, Robo1, and RhoA act as such cues that promote neurite outgrowth and guide the axon for synapse formation. Sarcoma inoculation induces excitatory synaptogenesis and bone cancer pain which are reversed by Slit2 knockdown but aggravated by Robo1 knockdown. Synaptogenesis of cultured neurons are inhibited by Slit2 knockdown but enhanced by Robo1 knockdown. Sarcoma implantation induces an increase in Slit2 and decreases Robo1 and RhoA, while Slit2 knockdown results in an increase of Robo1 and RhoA. These results have demonstrated a molecular mechanism of synaptogenesis in bone cancer pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changbin Ke
- Institute of Anesthesiology and Pain (IAP) and Department of Anesthesiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, 442000, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xuebi Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Caijuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dai Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wensheng He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yuke Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Jasti AK, Selmi C, Sarmiento-Monroy JC, Vega DA, Anaya JM, Gershwin ME. Guillain-Barré syndrome: causes, immunopathogenic mechanisms and treatment. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2016.1193006 10.1080/1744666x.2016.1193006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Jasti AK, Selmi C, Sarmiento-Monroy JC, Vega DA, Anaya JM, Gershwin ME. Guillain-Barré syndrome: causes, immunopathogenic mechanisms and treatment. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2016; 12:1175-1189. [PMID: 27292311 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2016.1193006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Guillain-Barré syndrome is a rare disease representing the most frequent cause of acute flaccid symmetrical weakness of the limbs and areflexia usually reaching its peak within a month. The etiology and pathogenesis remain largely enigmatic and the syndrome results in death or severe disability in 9-17% of cases despite immunotherapy. Areas covered: In terms of etiology, Guillain-Barré syndrome is linked to Campylobacter infection but less than 0.1% of infections result in the syndrome. In terms of pathogenesis, activated macrophages and T cells and serum antibodies against gangliosides are observed but their significance is unclear. Expert commentary: Guillain-Barré syndrome is a heterogeneous condition with numerous subtypes and recent data point towards the role of ganglioside epitopes by immunohistochemical methods. Ultimately, the syndrome results from a permissive genetic background on which environmental factors, including infections, vaccination and the influence of aging, lead to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil K Jasti
- a Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology , University of California Davis , Davis , CA , USA
| | - Carlo Selmi
- b Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology , Humanitas Research Hospital , Rozzano , Milan , Italy.,c BIOMETRA Department , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Juan C Sarmiento-Monroy
- d Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA) , Universidad del Rosario , Bogota , Colombia
| | - Daniel A Vega
- e Intensive Care Unit, Mederi, Hospital Universitario Mayor , Universidad del Rosario , Bogotá , Colombia
| | - Juan-Manuel Anaya
- d Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA) , Universidad del Rosario , Bogota , Colombia
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- a Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology , University of California Davis , Davis , CA , USA
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Sialylated intravenous immunoglobulin suppress anti-ganglioside antibody mediated nerve injury. Exp Neurol 2016; 282:49-55. [PMID: 27208700 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The precise mechanisms underlying the efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) in autoimmune neurological disorders including Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) are not known. Anti-ganglioside antibodies have been reported to be pathogenic in some variants of GBS, and we have developed passive transfer animal models to study anti-ganglioside antibody mediated-endoneurial inflammation and associated neuropathological effects and to evaluate the efficacy of new therapeutic approaches. Some studies indicate that IVIg's anti-inflammatory activity resides in a minor sialylated IVIg (sIVIg) fractions and is dependent on an innate Th2 response via binding to a specific ICAM3-grabbing nonintegrin related 1 receptor (SIGN-R1). Therefore the efficacy of IVIg, IVIg fractions with various IgG Fc sialylation status, and the involvement of Th2 pathway were examined in one of our animal model of antibody-mediated inhibition of axonal regeneration. We demonstrate that both IVIg and sIVIg ameliorated anti-glycan antibody mediated-pathological effect, whereas, the unsialylated fractions of IVIg were not beneficial in our model. Tenfold lower doses of sIVIg compared to whole IVIg provided equivalent efficacy in our studies. Moreover, we found that whole IVIg and sIVIg significantly upregulates the gene expression of IL-33, which itself can provide protection from antibody-mediated nerve injury in our model. Our results support that the SIGN-R1-Th2 pathway is involved in the anti-inflammatory effects of IVIg on endoneurium in our model and elements of this pathway including IL-33 can provide novel therapeutics in inflammatory neuropathies.
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Rozés Salvador V, Heredia F, Berardo A, Palandri A, Wojnacki J, Vivinetto AL, Sheikh KA, Caceres A, Lopez PHH. Anti-glycan antibodies halt axon regeneration in a model of Guillain Barrè Syndrome axonal neuropathy by inducing microtubule disorganization via RhoA-ROCK-dependent inactivation of CRMP-2. Exp Neurol 2016; 278:42-53. [PMID: 26804001 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Several reports have linked the presence of high titers of anti-Gg Abs with delayed recovery/poor prognosis in GBS. In most cases, failure to recover is associated with halted/deficient axon regeneration. Previous work identified that monoclonal and patient-derived anti-Gg Abs can act as inhibitory factors in an animal model of axon regeneration. Further studies using primary dorsal root ganglion neuron (DRGn) cultures demonstrated that anti-Gg Abs can inhibit neurite outgrowth by targeting gangliosides via activation of the small GTPase RhoA and its associated kinase (ROCK), a signaling pathway common to other established inhibitors of axon regeneration. We aimed to study the molecular basis of the inhibitory effect of anti-Gg abs on neurite outgrowth by dissecting the molecular dynamics of growth cones (GC) cytoskeleton in relation to the spatial-temporal analysis of RhoA activity. We now report that axon growth inhibition in DRGn induced by a well characterized mAb targeting gangliosides GD1a/GT1b involves: i) an early RhoA/ROCK-independent collapse of lamellipodia; ii) a RhoA/ROCK-dependent shrinking of filopodia; and iii) alteration of GC microtubule organization/and presumably dynamics via RhoA/ROCK-dependent phosphorylation of CRMP-2 at threonine 555. Our results also show that mAb 1B7 inhibits peripheral axon regeneration in an animal model via phosphorylation/inactivation of CRMP-2 at threonine 555. Overall, our data may help to explain the molecular mechanisms underlying impaired nerve repair in GBS. Future work should define RhoA-independent pathway/s and effectors regulating actin cytoskeleton, thus providing an opportunity for the design of a successful therapy to guarantee an efficient target reinnervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Rozés Salvador
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martin Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Florencia Heredia
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martin Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrés Berardo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martin Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Anabela Palandri
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martin Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Jose Wojnacki
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martin Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana L Vivinetto
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martin Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Kazim A Sheikh
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Alfredo Caceres
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martin Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Pablo H H Lopez
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martin Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina; Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina.
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Chen C, Yu JZ, Zhang Q, Zhao YF, Liu CY, Li YH, Yang WF, Ma CG, Xiao BG. Role of Rho Kinase and Fasudil on Synaptic Plasticity in Multiple Sclerosis. Neuromolecular Med 2015; 17:454-65. [PMID: 26481340 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-015-8374-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In addition to myelin loss and oligodendrocyte injury, axonal damage is a major cause of irreversible neurological disability in multiple sclerosis (MS). A series of studies have demonstrated that Rho kinase (ROCK) is involved in synaptic plasticity of neurons. Here, we found that ROCK activity in MS serum was elevated compared with serum from healthy controls. In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), ROCK activity was also increased in serum, spleen, brain and spinal cord. Neuron injury with scratch and TNF-α stimulation induced the up-regulation of ROCK activity. When serum of MS patients was co-cultured with mouse cortical neurons in vitro, MS serum caused neurite shortening and reduction of cell viability, while the addition of Fasudil partially restored synaptic morphology of neurons, revealing that MS sera inhibited neurite outgrowth and synapse formation. The expression of synaptophysin was decreased in MS serum-neurons, and elevated in the presence of Fasudil. In contrast, the expression of phosphorylated collapsin response mediator protein-2 (CRMP-2) was elevated in MS serum-neurons and decreased in the presence of Fasudil. However, the addition of anti-ROCK I/II mixed antibodies in MS serum partially declined ROCK activity, but did not improve neurite outgrowth of neurons, revealing that Fasudil should prevent synaptic damage possibly through inhibiting intracellular ROCK activation mediated with MS serum. Our results indicate that axonal loss in MS may be related to increased ROCK activity. Fasudil could promote synaptogenesis and thus may contribute to preventing irreversible neurological disability associated with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Chen
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie-Zhong Yu
- Institute of Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Medical School, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Fei Zhao
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Yun Liu
- Institute of Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Medical School, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Yan-Hua Li
- Institute of Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Medical School, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Wan-Fang Yang
- "2011" Collaborative Innovation Center/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Cun-Gen Ma
- Institute of Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Medical School, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China.,"2011" Collaborative Innovation Center/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bao-Guo Xiao
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, China.
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Asthana P, Vong JSL, Kumar G, Chang RCC, Zhang G, Sheikh KA, Ma CHE. Dissecting the Role of Anti-ganglioside Antibodies in Guillain-Barré Syndrome: an Animal Model Approach. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:4981-91. [PMID: 26374552 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9430-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune polyneuropathy disease affecting the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Most of the GBS patients experienced neurological symptoms such as paresthesia, weakness, pain, and areflexia. There are also combinations of non-neurological symptoms which include upper respiratory tract infection and diarrhea. One of the major causes of GBS is due largely to the autoantibodies against gangliosides located on the peripheral nerves. Gangliosides are sialic acid-bearing glycosphingolipids consisting of a ceramide lipid anchor with one or more sialic acids attached to a neutral sugar backbone. Molecular mimicry between the outer components of oligosaccharide of gangliosides on nerve membrane and lipo-oligosaccharide of microbes is thought to trigger the autoimmunity. Intra-peritoneal implantation of monoclonal ganglioside antibodies secreting hybridoma into animals induced peripheral neuropathy. Recent studies demonstrated that injection of synthesized anti-ganglioside antibodies raised by hybridoma cells into mice initiates immune response against peripheral nerves, and eventually failure in peripheral nerve regeneration. Accumulating evidences indicate that the conjugation of anti-ganglioside monoclonal antibodies to activating FcγRIII present on the circulating macrophages inhibits axonal regeneration. The activation of RhoA signaling pathways is also involved in neurite outgrowth inhibition. However, the link between these two molecular events remains unresolved and requires further investigation. Development of anti-ganglioside antagonists can serve as targeted therapy for the treatment of GBS and will open a new approach of drug development with maximum efficacy and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Asthana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Joaquim Si Long Vong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Gajendra Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Raymond Chuen-Chung Chang
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kazim A Sheikh
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chi Him Eddie Ma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China. .,Centre for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Schengrund CL. Gangliosides: glycosphingolipids essential for normal neural development and function. Trends Biochem Sci 2015; 40:397-406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
Gangliosides are major cell-surface determinants on all vertebrate neurons. Human congenital disorders of ganglioside biosynthesis invariably result in intellectual disability and are often associated with intractable seizures. To probe the mechanisms of ganglioside functions, affinity-captured ganglioside-binding proteins from rat cerebellar granule neurons were identified by quantitative proteomic mass spectrometry. Of the six proteins that bound selectively to the major brain ganglioside GT1b (GT1b:GM1 > 4; p < 10(-4)), three regulate neurotransmitter receptor trafficking: Thorase (ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 1), soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) attachment protein (γ-SNAP), and the transmembrane protein Nicalin. Thorase facilitates endocytosis of GluR2 subunit-containing AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) in an ATPase-dependent manner; its deletion in mice results in learning and memory deficits (J. Zhang et al., 2011b). GluR2-containing AMPARs did not bind GT1b, but bound specifically to another ganglioside, GM1. Addition of noncleavable ATP (ATPγS) significantly disrupted ganglioside binding, whereas it enhanced AMPAR association with Thorase, NSF, and Nicalin. Mutant mice lacking GT1b expressed markedly higher brain Thorase, whereas Thorase-null mice expressed higher GT1b. Treatment of cultured hippocampal neurons with sialidase, which cleaves GT1b (and other sialoglycans), resulted in a significant reduction in the size of surface GluR2 puncta. These data support a model in which GM1-bound GluR2-containing AMPARs are functionally segregated from GT1b-bound AMPAR-trafficking complexes. Release of ganglioside binding may enhance GluR2-containing AMPAR association with its trafficking complexes, increasing endocytosis. Disrupting ganglioside biosynthesis may result in reduced synaptic expression of GluR2-contianing AMPARs resulting in intellectual deficits and seizure susceptibility in mice and humans.
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20
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Taiana MM, Lombardi R, Porretta-Serapiglia C, Ciusani E, Oggioni N, Sassone J, Bianchi R, Lauria G. Neutralization of schwann cell-secreted VEGF is protective to in vitro and in vivo experimental diabetic neuropathy. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108403. [PMID: 25268360 PMCID: PMC4182455 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenetic role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in long-term retinal and kidney complications of diabetes has been demonstrated. Conversely, little is known in diabetic neuropathy. We examined the modulation of VEGF pathway at mRNA and protein level on dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and Schwann cells (SC) induced by hyperglycaemia. Moreover, we studied the effects of VEGF neutralization on hyperglycemic DRG neurons and streptozotocin-induced diabetic neuropathy. Our findings demonstrated that DRG neurons were not affected by the direct exposition to hyperglycaemia, whereas showed an impairment of neurite outgrowth ability when exposed to the medium of SC cultured in hyperglycaemia. This was mediated by an altered regulation of VEGF and FLT-1 receptors. Hyperglycaemia increased VEGF and FLT-1 mRNA without changing their intracellular protein levels in DRG neurons, decreased intracellular and secreted protein levels without changing mRNA level in SC, while reduced the expression of the soluble receptor sFLT-1 both in DRG neurons and SC. Bevacizumab, a molecule that inhibits VEGF activity preventing the interaction with its receptors, restored neurite outgrowth and normalized FLT-1 mRNA and protein levels in co-cultures. In diabetic rats, it both prevented and restored nerve conduction velocity and nociceptive thresholds. We demonstrated that hyperglycaemia early affected neurite outgrowth through the impairment of SC-derived VEGF/FLT-1 signaling and that the neutralization of SC-secreted VEGF was protective both in vitro and in vivo models of diabetic neuropathy.
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MESH Headings
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Bevacizumab
- Coculture Techniques
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetic Neuropathies/chemically induced
- Diabetic Neuropathies/drug therapy
- Diabetic Neuropathies/genetics
- Diabetic Neuropathies/pathology
- Ganglia, Spinal/drug effects
- Ganglia, Spinal/metabolism
- Ganglia, Spinal/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Hyperglycemia/chemically induced
- Hyperglycemia/drug therapy
- Hyperglycemia/genetics
- Hyperglycemia/pathology
- Male
- Neural Conduction/drug effects
- Neurites/drug effects
- Neurites/metabolism
- Neurites/pathology
- Nociception/drug effects
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Schwann Cells/drug effects
- Schwann Cells/metabolism
- Schwann Cells/pathology
- Sensory Receptor Cells/drug effects
- Sensory Receptor Cells/metabolism
- Sensory Receptor Cells/pathology
- Signal Transduction
- Streptozocin
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/antagonists & inhibitors
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela M. Taiana
- Neuroalgology and Headache Unit, IRCCS Foundation “Carlo Besta” Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Lombardi
- Neuroalgology and Headache Unit, IRCCS Foundation “Carlo Besta” Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Carla Porretta-Serapiglia
- Neuroalgology and Headache Unit, IRCCS Foundation “Carlo Besta” Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Emilio Ciusani
- Clinical Pathology and Genetics Unit, IRCCS Foundation “Carlo Besta” Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Norberto Oggioni
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Technologies, University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Jenny Sassone
- Neuroalgology and Headache Unit, IRCCS Foundation “Carlo Besta” Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Bianchi
- Neuroalgology and Headache Unit, IRCCS Foundation “Carlo Besta” Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lauria
- Neuroalgology and Headache Unit, IRCCS Foundation “Carlo Besta” Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Schnaar RL, Gerardy-Schahn R, Hildebrandt H. Sialic acids in the brain: gangliosides and polysialic acid in nervous system development, stability, disease, and regeneration. Physiol Rev 2014; 94:461-518. [PMID: 24692354 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00033.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 497] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Every cell in nature carries a rich surface coat of glycans, its glycocalyx, which constitutes the cell's interface with its environment. In eukaryotes, the glycocalyx is composed of glycolipids, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans, the compositions of which vary among different tissues and cell types. Many of the linear and branched glycans on cell surface glycoproteins and glycolipids of vertebrates are terminated with sialic acids, nine-carbon sugars with a carboxylic acid, a glycerol side-chain, and an N-acyl group that, along with their display at the outmost end of cell surface glycans, provide for varied molecular interactions. Among their functions, sialic acids regulate cell-cell interactions, modulate the activities of their glycoprotein and glycolipid scaffolds as well as other cell surface molecules, and are receptors for pathogens and toxins. In the brain, two families of sialoglycans are of particular interest: gangliosides and polysialic acid. Gangliosides, sialylated glycosphingolipids, are the most abundant sialoglycans of nerve cells. Mouse genetic studies and human disorders of ganglioside metabolism implicate gangliosides in axon-myelin interactions, axon stability, axon regeneration, and the modulation of nerve cell excitability. Polysialic acid is a unique homopolymer that reaches >90 sialic acid residues attached to select glycoproteins, especially the neural cell adhesion molecule in the brain. Molecular, cellular, and genetic studies implicate polysialic acid in the control of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, intermolecular interactions at cell surfaces, and interactions with other molecules in the cellular environment. Polysialic acid is essential for appropriate brain development, and polymorphisms in the human genes responsible for polysialic acid biosynthesis are associated with psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, autism, and bipolar disorder. Polysialic acid also appears to play a role in adult brain plasticity, including regeneration. Together, vertebrate brain sialoglycans are key regulatory components that contribute to proper development, maintenance, and health of the nervous system.
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Neu3 sialidase-mediated ganglioside conversion is necessary for axon regeneration and is blocked in CNS axons. J Neurosci 2014; 34:2477-92. [PMID: 24523539 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4432-13.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PNS axons have a high intrinsic regenerative ability, whereas most CNS axons show little regenerative response. We show that activation of Neu3 sialidase, also known as Neuraminidase-3, causing conversion of GD1a and GT1b to GM1 ganglioside, is an essential step in regeneration occurring in PNS (sensory) but not CNS (retinal) axons in adult rat. In PNS axons, axotomy activates Neu3 sialidase, increasing the ratio of GM1/GD1a and GM1/GT1b gangliosides immediately after injury in vitro and in vivo. No change in the GM1/GD1a ratio after axotomy was observed in retinal axons (in vitro and in vivo), despite the presence of Neu3 sialidase. Externally applied sialidase converted GD1a ganglioside to GM1 and rescued axon regeneration in CNS axons and in PNS axons after Neu3 sialidase blockade. Neu3 sialidase activation in DRGs is initiated by an influx of extracellular calcium, activating P38MAPK and then Neu3 sialidase. Ganglioside conversion by Neu3 sialidase further activates the ERK pathway. In CNS axons, P38MAPK and Neu3 sialidase were not activated by axotomy.
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Prevalence, specificity and functionality of anti-ganglioside antibodies in neuropathy associated with IgM monoclonal gammopathy. J Neuroimmunol 2014; 268:89-94. [PMID: 24529728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
IgM antibodies against gangliosides and their complexes were studied in sera from 54 patients with polyneuropathy and IgM monoclonal gammopathy (IgM-PNP) without anti-MAG antibodies. Anti-ganglioside antibodies were found in 19 (35%) patients. Five (9%) patients had antibodies against ganglioside complexes. IgM antibodies against gangliosides activated complement in vitro. Light chain usage was restricted to kappa or lambda in most, but not all patients. In conclusion, anti-ganglioside antibodies in IgM-PNP are common, display pathogenic properties and do not always arise from a monoclonal B cell proliferation.
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Abstract
Understanding of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) has progressed substantially since the seminal 1916 report by Guillain et al. Although Guillain, Barré, and Strohl summarised the syndrome based on observations of two French infantrymen, 2012 saw the beginning of an ambitious collaborative study designed to collect detailed data from at least 1,000 patients worldwide (IGOS, www.gbsstudies.org/about-igos). Progress has been made in many areas even since GBS was last reviewed in this journal in 2009. GBS subsequently received prominent attention in light of concerns regarding H1N1 influenza vaccinations, and several large-scale surveillance studies resulted. Despite these developments, and promising pre-clinical studies, disease-modifying therapies for GBS have not substantially altered since intravenous immunoglobulin was introduced over 20 years ago. In other areas, management has improved. Antibiotic prophylaxis in ventilated patients reduces respiratory tract infection, thromboprophylaxis has reduced the risk of venous thromboembolism, and there is increasing awareness of the benefit of high-intensity rehabilitation. This article highlights some of the interesting and thought-provoking developments of the last 3 years, and is based on a plenary lecture given at the 2012 Peripheral Nerve Society (PNS) meeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Rinaldi
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
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Hashemilar M, Barzegar M, Nikanfar M, Bonyadi MR, Goldust M, Ramouz A, Ebrahimi F. Evaluating the status of antiganglioside antibodies in children with Guillain-Barré syndrome. Neuroimmunomodulation 2014; 21:64-8. [PMID: 24280640 DOI: 10.1159/000355830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Antiganglioside antibodies have been reported to play a role in the pathophysiology of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). METHODS This case-control study was designed to evaluate the status of antiganglioside antibodies in children with GBS. The study included 50 patients suffering from GBS as the case group and 30 children as the control group. Clinical information such as demographic data and recent digestive or respiratory infection (within the last month) was collected for all patients, and paraclinical studies including cerebrospinal fluid examination and electrophysiology were conducted by a subspecialized physician. Anti-GM1, anti-GQ1 and anti-GD1a antibodies were measured with ELISA and the EUROLINE method. RESULTS The mean age of patients in the case and control groups was 5.3 ± 3.8 and 5.4 ± 3.4 years, respectively. With the EUROLINE method, the results obtained for anti-GM1 were significant (p = 0.007); however, the p values for anti-GQ1a and anti-GQ1b were not significant (0.051 vs. 0.94), while with ELISA, comparing all three antibodies in both the case and control groups showed statistically significant results, with a p < 0.05. CONCLUSION EUROLINE is a new method used to evaluate antibodies in immune system diseases, but it is not useful for all antibodies specific to GBS, as the analysis was significant with a p value of 0.007 for anti-GM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazyar Hashemilar
- Department of Neurology, Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Lehmann HC, Hughes RAC, Kieseier BC, Hartung HP. Recent developments and future directions in Guillain-Barré syndrome. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2013; 17 Suppl 3:57-70. [PMID: 23279434 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8027.2012.00433.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) encompasses a spectrum of acquired neuropathic conditions characterized by inflammatory demyelinating or axonal peripheral neuropathy with acute onset. Clinical and experimental studies in the past years have led to substantial progress in epidemiology, pathogenesis of GBS variants, and identification of prognostic factors relevant to treatment. In this review we provide an overview and critical assessment of the most recent developments and future directions in GBS research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmar C Lehmann
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Medical School, Moorenstrasse 5, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Lopez-Verrilli MA, Picou F, Court FA. Schwann cell-derived exosomes enhance axonal regeneration in the peripheral nervous system. Glia 2013; 61:1795-806. [PMID: 24038411 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Axonal regeneration in the peripheral nervous system is greatly supported by Schwann cells (SCs). After nerve injury, SCs dedifferentiate to a progenitor-like state and efficiently guide axons to their original target tissues. Contact and soluble factors participate in the crosstalk between SCs and axons during axonal regeneration. Here we show that dedifferentiated SCs secrete nano-vesicles known as exosomes which are specifically internalized by axons. Surprisingly, SC-derived exosomes markedly increase axonal regeneration in vitro and enhance regeneration after sciatic nerve injury in vivo. Exosomes shift the growth cone morphology to a pro-regenerating phenotype and decrease the activity of the GTPase RhoA, involved in growth cone collapse and axon retraction. Altogether, our work identifies a novel mechanism by which SCs communicate with neighboring axons during regenerative processes. We propose that SC exosomes represent an important mechanism by which these cells locally support axonal maintenance and regeneration after nerve damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Alejandra Lopez-Verrilli
- Millennium Nucleus for Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Sabirzhanova I, Liu C, Zhao J, Bramlett H, Dietrich WD, Hu B. Changes in the GEF-H1 pathways after traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 2013; 30:1449-56. [PMID: 23611588 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2012.2673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brains undergo significant remodeling after traumatic brain injury (TBI). The Rho guanine triphosphate (GTP)ase pathways control brain remodeling during development and under pathological conditions. How the Rho GTPase pathways are regulated in the brain after TBI remains largely unknown, however. This study used the rat fluid percussion injury model to investigate changes in the Rho GTPase pathways after TBI. The results showed that TBI leads to activation and translocation of RhoA and Rac1 proteins from cytosolic fraction to the membrane fraction after injury. Consistently, the Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors GEF-H1 and Cool-2/αPix are significantly activated by dephosphorylation and accumulation in the cytosolic fractions during the post-TBI phase. Because the Rho GTPase pathways are key regulators of brain remodeling, these results depict regulatory mechanisms of the Rho GTPase pathways after TBI, and pave the way for the study of therapeutic agents targeting the Rho GTPase pathways for functional recovery after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Sabirzhanova
- Neurochemistry Laboratory of Brain Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, and Shock Trauma and Anesthesiology Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Feng PL, Wang J, Yang ZJ, Liu XH, Zhong YS. Effect of Y-27632 on the cultured retinal neurocytes of rats. Int J Ophthalmol 2013; 6:15-8. [PMID: 23550221 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2013.01.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of Y-27632 on the survival and neurite outgrowth of the cultured retinal neurocytes. METHODS After the postnatal day 2-3, Sprague-Dawley retinal neurocytes were cultured for 48 hours, the culture media was replaced with serum-free media (control group) and serum-free media contained 30µmol/L Y-27632 (Y-27632 group), and the cells were continually cultured another 48 hours. The cultured retinal neurocytes were identified with anti-neuron specific enolase (NSE) immunocytochemistry. The survival state of those cells was estimated by MTT assay, and the neurite outgrowth of those cells was evaluated by the computerized image-analysis system. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the absorbance values of cells survival in Y-27632 group increased 12.90% and 33.33% respectively after 72 and 96 hours culture. Y-27632 had no significant effect on the diameter of cultured retinal neurocytes. Compared with the control group, Y-27632 induced a stable improvement of neurite outgrowth of retinal neurocytes after 72 and 96 hours culture (P=0.001). CONCLUSION Y-27632 could promote the survival and neurite outgrowth of the early postnatal cultured retinal neurocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Li Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Over the past 25 years, many autoantibodies directed against peripheral nerve glycan and protein antigens have been described. Principally through this area of research, significant advances have been achieved in the understanding of the pathophysiology of inflammatory neuropathies. More evidence constantly continues to emerge supporting the role of antibodies in pathogenesis. This review reports the recent studies highlighting the complex association between autoantibodies directed against various peripheral nerve antigens and immune polyneuropathies. RECENT FINDINGS The discovery of serum antibodies directed against ganglioside and glycolipid complexes has generated huge interest in this area of research. The expectation that nodal proteins are important targets continues to be pursued in line with the improvements in detection methodology. Basic studies continue to support a direct role for autoantibodies in neuropathy pathogenesis. SUMMARY Discovery of new target epitopes has not only raised hopes for further improvement in our understanding of pathophysiology and availability of new diagnostic markers, but also for future targeted therapies. Further studies are required to elucidate the precise pathological and clinical significance of these new antibodies.
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Yang Z, Wang J, Liu X, Cheng Y, Deng L, Zhong Y. Y-39983 downregulates RhoA/Rho-associated kinase expression during its promotion of axonal regeneration. Oncol Rep 2012; 29:1140-6. [PMID: 23258382 DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.2205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Y-39983, a selective Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, promotes axonal regeneration of damaged retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). The present study investigated the effects of Y-39983 on RhoA/ROCK expression during promotion of axonal regeneration using a rat optic nerve crush (ONC) model. Herein, we demonstrated that Y-39983 significantly enhanced the survival and axonal regeneration of RGCs after ONC. Using a pull‑down assay and affinity precipitation to examine the activity of RhoA, we detected the decreased expression of active-RhoA after using Y-39983. The expression of ROCK1 and ROCK2 was significantly decreased as demonstrated by RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. The downregulation of active-RhoA, ROCK1 and ROCK2 expression by Y-39983 coincided with the appearance of larger numbers of regenerating axons. In conclusion, Y-39983 downregulated the expression of active-RhoA, ROCK1 and ROCK2 during its promotion of axonal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, PR China
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Erythropoietin promotes axonal regeneration after optic nerve crush in vivo by inhibition of RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. Neuropharmacology 2012; 63:1182-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Yuki
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Sun Y, Lim Y, Li F, Liu S, Lu JJ, Haberberger R, Zhong JH, Zhou XF. ProBDNF collapses neurite outgrowth of primary neurons by activating RhoA. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35883. [PMID: 22558255 PMCID: PMC3338794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurons extend their dendrites and axons to build functional neural circuits, which are regulated by both positive and negative signals during development. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a positive regulator for neurite outgrowth and neuronal survival but the functions of its precursor (proBDNF) are less characterized. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here we show that proBDNF collapses neurite outgrowth in murine dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and cortical neurons by activating RhoA via the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR). We demonstrated that the receptor proteins for proBDNF, p75NTR and sortilin, were highly expressed in cultured DRG or cortical neurons. ProBDNF caused a dramatic neurite collapse in a dose-dependent manner and this effect was about 500 fold more potent than myelin-associated glycoprotein. Neutralization of endogenous proBDNF by using antibodies enhanced neurite outgrowth in vitro and in vivo, but this effect was lost in p75NTR(-/-) mice. The neurite outgrowth of cortical neurons from p75NTR deficient (p75NTR(-/-)) mice was insensitive to proBDNF. There was a time-dependent reduction of length and number of filopodia in response to proBDNF which was accompanied with a polarized RhoA activation in growth cones. Moreover, proBDNF treatment of cortical neurons resulted in a time-dependent activation of RhoA but not Cdc42 and the effect was absent in p75NTR(-/-) neurons. Rho kinase (ROCK) and the collapsin response mediator protein-2 (CRMP-2) were also involved in the proBDNF action. CONCLUSIONS proBDNF has an opposing role in neurite outgrowth to that of mature BDNF. Our observations suggest that proBDNF collapses neurites outgrowth and filopodial growth cones by activating RhoA through the p75NTR signaling pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/metabolism
- Animals
- Antibodies/pharmacology
- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/pharmacology
- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Ganglia, Spinal/cytology
- Ganglia, Spinal/drug effects
- Ganglia, Spinal/physiology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Nerve Fibers/drug effects
- Nerve Fibers/physiology
- Neurites/drug effects
- Neurites/physiology
- Protein Precursors/pharmacology
- Protein Precursors/physiology
- Pseudopodia/drug effects
- Pseudopodia/physiology
- Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/deficiency
- Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/genetics
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Time-Lapse Imaging
- rho GTP-Binding Proteins/agonists
- rho GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics
- rho GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- rhoA GTP-Binding Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Department of Human Physiology and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Yoon Lim
- Department of Human Physiology and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- Division of Health Science, Sansom Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Human Physiology and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Shen Liu
- Department of Human Physiology and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- Division of Health Science, Sansom Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jian-Jun Lu
- Division of Health Science, Sansom Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Rainer Haberberger
- Department of Anatomy and Histology and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jin-Hua Zhong
- Division of Health Science, Sansom Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- Division of Health Science, Sansom Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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Park SS, Lee YJ, Lee SH, Lee D, Choi K, Kim WH, Kweon OK, Han HJ. Functional recovery after spinal cord injury in dogs treated with a combination of Matrigel and neural-induced adipose-derived mesenchymal Stem cells. Cytotherapy 2012; 14:584-97. [PMID: 22348702 DOI: 10.3109/14653249.2012.658913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Previous studies have reported that scaffold or cell-based transplantation may improve functional recovery following spinal cord injury (SCI), but these results were based on neuronal regeneration and cell replacement. In this study, we investigated whether a combination of Matrigel and neural-induced mesenchymal stem cells (NMSC) improved hindlimb function in dogs with SCI, and what mechanisms were involved. METHODS We pre-differentiated canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells into NMSC. A total of 12 dogs subjected to SCI procedures were assigned to one of the following three transplantation treatment groups: phosphate-buffered saline (PBS); Matrigel; or Matrigel seeded with NMSC. Treatment occurred 1 week after SCI. Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (B.B.B.) and Tarlov scores, histopathology, immunofluorescence staining and Western blot analysis were used to evaluate the treatment effects. RESULTS Compared with dogs administered PBS or Matrigel alone, dogs treated with Matrigel + NMSC showed significantly better functional recovery 8 weeks after transplantation. Histology and immunochemical analysis revealed that the combination of Matrigel + NMSC reduced fibrosis from secondary injury processes and improved neuronal regeneration more than the other treatments. In addition, the combination of Matrigel + NMSC decreased the expression of inflammation and/or astrogliosis markers. Increased expressions of intracellular molecules related to neuronal extension, neuronal markers and neurotrophic factors were also found in the Matrigel + NMSC group. However, the expression of nestin as a neural stem cell marker was increased with Matrigel alone. CONCLUSIONS The combination of Matrigel + NMSC produced beneficial effects in dogs with regard to functional recovery following SCI through enhancement of anti-inflammation, anti-astrogliosis, neuronal extension and neuronal regeneration effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Su Park
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Zhang G, Lehmann HC, Bogdanova N, Gao T, Zhang J, Sheikh KA. Erythropoietin enhances nerve repair in anti-ganglioside antibody-mediated models of immune neuropathy. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27067. [PMID: 22046448 PMCID: PMC3203932 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a monophasic immune neuropathic disorder in which a significant proportion of patients have incomplete recovery. The patients with incomplete recovery almost always have some degree of failure of axon regeneration and target reinnervation. Anti-ganglioside antibodies (Abs) are the most commonly recognized autoimmune markers in all forms of GBS and specific Abs are associated with the slow/poor recovery. We recently demonstrated that specific anti-ganglioside Abs inhibit axonal regeneration and nerve repair in preclinical models by activation of small GTPase RhoA and its downstream effectors. The objective of this study was to determine whether erythropoietin (EPO), a pleiotropic cytokine with neuroprotective and neurotrophic properties, enhances nerve regeneration in preclinical cell culture and animal models of autoimmune neuropathy/nerve repair generated with monoclonal and patient derived Abs. Primary neuronal cultures and a standardized sciatic crush nerve model were used to assess the efficacy of EPO in reversing inhibitory effects of anti-ganglioside Abs on nerve repair. We found that EPO completely reversed the inhibitory effects of anti-ganglioside Abs on axon regeneration in cell culture models and significantly improved nerve regeneration/repair in an animal model. Moreover, EPO-induced proregenerative effects in nerve cells are through EPO receptors and Janus kinase 2/Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 pathway and not via early direct modulation of small GTPase RhoA. These preclinical studies indicate that EPO is a viable candidate drug to develop further for neuroprotection and enhancing nerve repair in patients with GBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Helmar C. Lehmann
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nataliia Bogdanova
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Tong Gao
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jiangyang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kazim A. Sheikh
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Sheikh KA. Autoantobodies activate small GTPase RhoA to modulate neurite outgrowth. Small GTPases 2011; 2:233-238. [PMID: 22145097 DOI: 10.4161/sgtp.2.4.17115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Revised: 06/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This review illustrates an example of adaptive immune responses (auto-antibodies) modulating growth/repair behavior of neurons in the disease context of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), which is a prototypic autoimmune, acute monophasic disorder of the peripheral nerves that is the commonest cause of acute flaccid paralysis worldwide. Anti-ganglioside antibodies (Abs) are the most commonly recognized autoimmune markers in all forms of GBS and these Abs are associated with poor recovery. Extent of axonal injury and failure of axonal regeneration are critical determinants of recovery after GBS. In this clinical context, our group examined the hypothesis that anti-ganglioside Abs adversely affect axon regeneration after peripheral nerve injury. We show that anti-ganglioside Abs inhibit axon regeneration in preclinical cell culture and animal models. This inhibition is mediated by activation of small GTPase RhoA and its downstream effector Rho kinase (ROCK) by modulation of growth cone extension and associated neurite elongation in neuronal cultures. Our studies suggest that RhoA and ROCK are potential targets for development of novel therapeutic strategies to enhance nerve repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazim A Sheikh
- Department of Neurology; University of Texas Medical School at Houston; Houston, TX USA
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