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Beylergil SB, Noecker AM, Kilbane C, McIntyre CC, Shaikh AG. Does Vestibular Motion Perception Correlate with Axonal Pathways Stimulated by Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease? CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 23:554-569. [PMID: 37308757 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-023-01576-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Perception of our linear motion - heading - is critical for postural control, gait, and locomotion, and it is impaired in Parkinson's disease (PD). Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has variable effects on vestibular heading perception, depending on the location of the electrodes within the subthalamic nucleus (STN). Here, we aimed to find the anatomical correlates of heading perception in PD. Fourteen PD participants with bilateral STN DBS performed a two-alternative forced-choice discrimination task where a motion platform delivered translational forward movements with a heading angle varying between 0 and 30° to the left or to the right with respect to the straight-ahead direction. Using psychometric curves, we derived the heading discrimination threshold angle of each patient from the response data. We created patient-specific DBS models and calculated the percentages of stimulated axonal pathways that are anatomically adjacent to the STN and known to play a major role in vestibular information processing. We performed correlation analyses to investigate the extent of these white matter tracts' involvement in heading perception. Significant positive correlations were identified between improved heading discrimination for rightward heading and the percentage of activated streamlines of the contralateral hyperdirect, pallido-subthalamic, and subthalamo-pallidal pathways. The hyperdirect pathways are thought to provide top-down control over STN connections to the cerebellum. In addition, STN may also antidromically activate collaterals of hyperdirect pathway that projects to the precerebellar pontine nuclei. In select cases, there was strong activation of the cerebello-thalamic projections, but it was not consistently present in all participants. Large volumetric overlap between the volume of tissue activation and the STN in the left hemisphere positively impacted rightward heading perception. Altogether, the results suggest heavy involvement of basal ganglia cerebellar network in STN-induced modulation of vestibular heading perception in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Balta Beylergil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- National VA Parkinson Consortium Center, Neurology Service, Daroff-Dell'Osso Ocular Motility and Vestibular Laboratory, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Angela M Noecker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Camilla Kilbane
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44110, USA
- Movement Disorders Center, Neurological Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Cameron C McIntyre
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Aasef G Shaikh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- National VA Parkinson Consortium Center, Neurology Service, Daroff-Dell'Osso Ocular Motility and Vestibular Laboratory, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44110, USA.
- Movement Disorders Center, Neurological Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Guo J, Wang J, Liang P, Tian E, Liu D, Guo Z, Chen J, Zhang Y, Zhou Z, Kong W, Crans DC, Lu Y, Zhang S. Vestibular dysfunction leads to cognitive impairments: State of knowledge in the field and clinical perspectives (Review). Int J Mol Med 2024; 53:36. [PMID: 38391090 PMCID: PMC10914312 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2024.5360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The vestibular system may have a critical role in the integration of sensory information and the maintenance of cognitive function. A dysfunction in the vestibular system has a significant impact on quality of life. Recent research has provided evidence of a connection between vestibular information and cognitive functions, such as spatial memory, navigation and attention. Although the exact mechanisms linking the vestibular system to cognition remain elusive, researchers have identified various pathways. Vestibular dysfunction may lead to the degeneration of cortical vestibular network regions and adversely affect synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis in the hippocampus, ultimately contributing to neuronal atrophy and cell death, resulting in memory and visuospatial deficits. Furthermore, the extent of cognitive impairment varies depending on the specific type of vestibular disease. In the present study, the current literature was reviewed, potential causal relationships between vestibular dysfunction and cognitive performance were discussed and directions for future research were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Guo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Pei Liang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, P.R. China
| | - E Tian
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoqi Guo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Yuejin Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
- Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Zhanghong Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Weijia Kong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Debbie C. Crans
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Yisheng Lu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
- Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Sulin Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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3
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Li LL, Wu JJ, Ma J, Li YL, Xue X, Li KP, Jin J, Hua XY, Zheng MX, Xu JG. White matter fiber integrity and structural brain network topology: implications for balance function in postischemic stroke patients. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad452. [PMID: 38037387 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that ischemic stroke can result in white matter fiber injury and modifications in the structural brain network. However, the relationship with balance function scores remains insufficiently explored. Therefore, this study aims to explore the alterations in the microstructural properties of brain white matter and the topological characteristics of the structural brain network in postischemic stroke patients and their potential correlations with balance function. We enrolled 21 postischemic stroke patients and 21 age, sex, and education-matched healthy controls (HC). All participants underwent balance function assessment and brain diffusion tensor imaging. Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) were used to compare the fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity of white matter fibers between the two groups. The white matter structural brain network was constructed based on the automated anatomical labeling atlas, and we conducted a graph theory-based analysis of its topological properties, including global network properties and local node properties. Additionally, the correlation between the significant structural differences and balance function score was analyzed. The TBSS results showed that in comparison to the HC, postischemic stroke patients exhibited extensive damage to their whole-brain white matter fiber tracts (P < 0.05). Graph theory analysis showed that in comparison to the HC, postischemic stroke patients exhibited statistically significant reductions in the values of global efficiency, local efficiency, and clustering coefficient, as well as an increase in characteristic path length (P < 0.05). In addition, the degree centrality and nodal efficiency of some nodes in postischemic stroke patients were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). The white matter fibers of the entire brain in postischemic stroke patients are extensively damaged, and the topological properties of the structural brain network are altered, which are closely related to balance function. This study is helpful in further understanding the neural mechanism of balance function after ischemic stroke from the white matter fiber and structural brain network topological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jia-Jia Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Yu-Lin Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Xin Xue
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Kun-Peng Li
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jing Jin
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xu-Yun Hua
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Mou-Xiong Zheng
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Jian-Guang Xu
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent Rehabilitation, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
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Keshavarzi S, Velez-Fort M, Margrie TW. Cortical Integration of Vestibular and Visual Cues for Navigation, Visual Processing, and Perception. Annu Rev Neurosci 2023; 46:301-320. [PMID: 37428601 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-120722-100503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite increasing evidence of its involvement in several key functions of the cerebral cortex, the vestibular sense rarely enters our consciousness. Indeed, the extent to which these internal signals are incorporated within cortical sensory representation and how they might be relied upon for sensory-driven decision-making, during, for example, spatial navigation, is yet to be understood. Recent novel experimental approaches in rodents have probed both the physiological and behavioral significance of vestibular signals and indicate that their widespread integration with vision improves both the cortical representation and perceptual accuracy of self-motion and orientation. Here, we summarize these recent findings with a focus on cortical circuits involved in visual perception and spatial navigation and highlight the major remaining knowledge gaps. We suggest that vestibulo-visual integration reflects a process of constant updating regarding the status of self-motion, and access to such information by the cortex is used for sensory perception and predictions that may be implemented for rapid, navigation-related decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepiedeh Keshavarzi
- The Sainsbury Wellcome Centre for Neural Circuits and Behavior, University College London, London, United Kingdom;
| | - Mateo Velez-Fort
- The Sainsbury Wellcome Centre for Neural Circuits and Behavior, University College London, London, United Kingdom;
| | - Troy W Margrie
- The Sainsbury Wellcome Centre for Neural Circuits and Behavior, University College London, London, United Kingdom;
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5
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Abstract
Aims of the present article are: 1) assessing vestibular contribution to spatial navigation, 2) exploring how age, global positioning systems (GPS) use, and vestibular navigation contribute to subjective sense of direction (SOD), 3) evaluating vestibular navigation in patients with lesions of the vestibular-cerebellum (patients with downbeat nystagmus, DBN) that could inform on the signals carried by vestibulo-cerebellar-cortical pathways. We applied two navigation tasks on a rotating chair in the dark: return-to-start (RTS), where subjects drive the chair back to the origin after discrete angular displacement stimuli (path reversal), and complete-the-circle (CTC) where subjects drive the chair on, all the way round to origin (path completion). We examined 24 normal controls (20-83 yr), five patients with DBN (62-77 yr) and, as proof of principle, two patients with early dementia (84 and 76 yr). We found a relationship between SOD, assessed by Santa Barbara Sense of Direction Scale, and subject's age (positive), GPS use (negative), and CTC-vestibular-navigation-task (positive). Age-related decline in vestibular navigation was observed with the RTS task but not with the complex CTC task. Vestibular navigation was normal in patients with vestibulo-cerebellar dysfunction but abnormal, particularly CTC, in the demented patients. We conclude that vestibular navigation skills contribute to the build-up of our SOD. Unexpectedly, perceived SOD in the elderly is not inferior, possibly explained by increased GPS use by the young. Preserved vestibular navigation in cerebellar patients suggests that ascending vestibular-cerebellar projections carry velocity (not position) signals. The abnormalities in the cognitively impaired patients suggest that their vestibulo-spatial navigation is disrupted.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our subjective sense-of-direction is influenced by how good we are at spatial navigation using vestibular cues. Global positioning systems (GPS) may inhibit sense of direction. Increased use of GPS by the young may explain why the elderly's sense of direction is not worse than the young's. Patients with vestibulo-cerebellar dysfunction (downbeat nystagmus syndrome) display normal vestibular navigation, suggesting that ascending vestibulo-cerebellar-cortical pathways carry velocity rather than position signals. Pilot data indicate that dementia disrupts vestibular navigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athena Zachou
- Neuro-otology Unit, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
- 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Adolfo M Bronstein
- Neuro-otology Unit, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
- 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
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6
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Lai SK, Wu KLK, Ma CW, Ng KP, Hu XQ, Tam KW, Yung WH, Wang YT, Wong TP, Shum DKY, Chan YS. Timely insertion of AMPA receptor in developing vestibular circuits is required for manifestation of righting reflexes and effective navigation. Prog Neurobiol 2023; 221:102402. [PMID: 36608782 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Vestibular information processed first by the brainstem vestibular nucleus (VN), and further by cerebellum and thalamus, underlies diverse brain function. These include the righting reflexes and spatial cognitive behaviour. While the cerebellar and thalamic circuits that decode vestibular information are known, the importance of VN neurons and the temporal requirements for their maturation that allow developmental consolidation of the aforementioned circuits remains unclear. We show that timely unsilencing of glutamatergic circuits in the VN by NMDA receptor-mediated insertion of AMPAR receptor type 1 (GluA1) subunits is critical for maturation of VN and successful consolidation of higher circuits that process vestibular information. Delayed unsilencing of NMDA receptor-only synapses of neonatal VN neurons permanently decreased their functional connectivity with inferior olive circuits. This was accompanied by delayed pruning of the inferior olive inputs to Purkinje cells and permanent reduction in their plasticity. These derangements led to deficits in associated vestibular righting reflexes and motor co-ordination during voluntary movement. Vestibular-dependent recruitment of thalamic neurons was similarly reduced, resulting in permanently decreased efficiency of spatial navigation. The findings thus show that well-choreographed maturation of the nascent vestibular circuitry is prerequisite for functional integration of vestibular signals into ascending pathways for diverse vestibular-related behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk-King Lai
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Kenneth Lap Kei Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Chun-Wai Ma
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Ka-Pak Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Xiao-Qian Hu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Kin-Wai Tam
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Wing-Ho Yung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Yu Tian Wang
- Department of Medicine and Brain Research Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tak Pan Wong
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Daisy Kwok-Yan Shum
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.
| | - Ying-Shing Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.
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Cullen KE, Chacron MJ. Neural substrates of perception in the vestibular thalamus during natural self-motion: A review. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 4:100073. [PMID: 36926598 PMCID: PMC10011815 DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence across multiple sensory modalities suggests that the thalamus does not simply relay information from the periphery to the cortex. Here we review recent findings showing that vestibular neurons within the ventral posteriolateral area of the thalamus perform nonlinear transformations on their afferent input that determine our subjective awareness of motion. Specifically, these neurons provide a substrate for previous psychophysical observations that perceptual discrimination thresholds are much better than predictions from Weber's law. This is because neural discrimination thresholds, which are determined from both variability and sensitivity, initially increase but then saturate with increasing stimulus amplitude, thereby matching the previously observed dependency of perceptual self-motion discrimination thresholds. Moreover, neural response dynamics give rise to unambiguous and optimized encoding of natural but not artificial stimuli. Finally, vestibular thalamic neurons selectively encode passively applied motion when occurring concurrently with voluntary (i.e., active) movements. Taken together, these results show that the vestibular thalamus plays an essential role towards generating motion perception as well as shaping our vestibular sense of agency that is not simply inherited from afferent input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E Cullen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
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8
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Utricular dysfunction in patients with orthostatic hypotension. Clin Auton Res 2022; 32:431-444. [PMID: 36074194 DOI: 10.1007/s10286-022-00890-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To delineate the association between otolithic dysfunction and orthostatic hypotension (OH). METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 382 patients who presented with orthostatic dizziness at a tertiary dizziness center between July 2017 and December 2021. Patients were included for analyses when they had completed ocular (oVEMP) and/or cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMP), and head-up tilt table test with a Finometer (n = 155). We compared the results between the patients with OH (n = 38) and those with NOI (normal head-up tilt table test despite orthostatic intolerance, n = 117). RESULTS Thirty-eight patients with OH were further categorized as either classic (n = 30), delayed (n = 7), or initial (n = 1) types. Multivariable logistic regression showed that OH was associated with high baseline systolic BP (p = 0.046), presence of heart failure (p = 0.016), and unilateral oVEMP abnormalities (p = 0.016). n1 latency of oVEMP were negatively correlated with the maximal changes of systolic blood pressure (BP) in 15 s ([Formula: see text]SBP15s, p = 0.013), 3 min ([Formula: see text]SBP3min, p = 0.005) and 10 min ([Formula: see text]SBP10min, p = 0.002). In contrast, the n1-p1 amplitude was positively correlated with [Formula: see text]SBP15s (p = 0.029). Meanwhile, p13 latency of cVEMP was negatively correlated with [Formula: see text]SBP10min (p = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence of utricular dysfunction related to OH.
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9
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Noseda R. Cerebro-Cerebellar Networks in Migraine Symptoms and Headache. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2022; 3:940923. [PMID: 35910262 PMCID: PMC9326053 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2022.940923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum is associated with the biology of migraine in a variety of ways. Clinically, symptoms such as fatigue, motor weakness, vertigo, dizziness, difficulty concentrating and finding words, nausea, and visual disturbances are common in different types of migraine. The neural basis of these symptoms is complex, not completely known, and likely involve activation of both specific and shared circuits throughout the brain. Posterior circulation stroke, or neurosurgical removal of posterior fossa tumors, as well as anatomical tract tracing in animals, provided the first insights to theorize about cerebellar functions. Nowadays, with the addition of functional imaging, much progress has been done on cerebellar structure and function in health and disease, and, as a consequence, the theories refined. Accordingly, the cerebellum may be useful but not necessary for the execution of motor, sensory or cognitive tasks, but, rather, would participate as an efficiency facilitator of neurologic functions by improving speed and skill in performance of tasks produced by the cerebral area to which it is reciprocally connected. At the subcortical level, critical regions in these processes are the basal ganglia and thalamic nuclei. Altogether, a modulatory role of the cerebellum over multiple brain regions appears compelling, mainly by considering the complexity of its reciprocal connections to common neural networks involved in motor, vestibular, cognitive, affective, sensory, and autonomic processing—all functions affected at different phases and degrees across the migraine spectrum. Despite the many associations between cerebellum and migraine, it is not known whether this structure contributes to migraine initiation, symptoms generation or headache. Specific cerebellar dysfunction via genetically driven excitatory/inhibitory imbalances, oligemia and/or increased risk to white matter lesions has been proposed as a critical contributor to migraine pathogenesis. Therefore, given that neural projections and functions of many brainstem, midbrain and forebrain areas are shared between the cerebellum and migraine trigeminovascular pathways, this review will provide a synopsis on cerebellar structure and function, its role in trigeminal pain, and an updated overview of relevant clinical and preclinical literature on the potential role of cerebellar networks in migraine pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Noseda
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Rodrigo Noseda
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10
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Carriot J, McAllister G, Hooshangnejad H, Mackrous I, Cullen KE, Chacron MJ. Sensory adaptation mediates efficient and unambiguous encoding of natural stimuli by vestibular thalamocortical pathways. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2612. [PMID: 35551186 PMCID: PMC9098492 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30348-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory systems must continuously adapt to optimally encode stimuli encountered within the natural environment. The prevailing view is that such optimal coding comes at the cost of increased ambiguity, yet to date, prior studies have focused on artificial stimuli. Accordingly, here we investigated whether such a trade-off between optimality and ambiguity exists in the encoding of natural stimuli in the vestibular system. We recorded vestibular nuclei and their target vestibular thalamocortical neurons during naturalistic and artificial self-motion stimulation. Surprisingly, we found no trade-off between optimality and ambiguity. Using computational methods, we demonstrate that thalamocortical neural adaptation in the form of contrast gain control actually reduces coding ambiguity without compromising the optimality of coding under naturalistic but not artificial stimulation. Thus, taken together, our results challenge the common wisdom that adaptation leads to ambiguity and instead suggest an essential role in underlying unambiguous optimized encoding of natural stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Carriot
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Hamed Hooshangnejad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | | | - Kathleen E Cullen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
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11
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Longitudinal [18]UCB-H/[18F]FDG imaging depicts complex patterns of structural and functional neuroplasticity following bilateral vestibular loss in the rat. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6049. [PMID: 35411002 PMCID: PMC9001652 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09936-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal lesions trigger mechanisms of structural and functional neuroplasticity, which can support recovery. However, the temporal and spatial appearance of structure–function changes and their interrelation remain unclear. The current study aimed to directly compare serial whole-brain in vivo measurements of functional plasticity (by [18F]FDG-PET) and structural synaptic plasticity (by [18F]UCB-H-PET) before and after bilateral labyrinthectomy in rats and investigate the effect of locomotor training. Complex structure–function changes were found after bilateral labyrinthectomy: in brainstem-cerebellar circuits, regional cerebral glucose metabolism (rCGM) decreased early, followed by reduced synaptic density. In the thalamus, increased [18F]UCB-H binding preceded a higher rCGM uptake. In frontal-basal ganglia loops, an increase in synaptic density was paralleled by a decrease in rCGM. In the group with locomotor training, thalamic rCGM and [18F]UCB-H binding increased following bilateral labyrinthectomy compared to the no training group. Rats with training had considerably fewer body rotations. In conclusion, combined [18F]FDG/[18F]UCB-H dual tracer imaging reveals that adaptive neuroplasticity after bilateral vestibular loss is not a uniform process but is composed of complex spatial and temporal patterns of structure–function coupling in networks for vestibular, multisensory, and motor control, which can be modulated by early physical training.
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12
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Lee S, Smith PF, Lee WH, McKeown MJ. Frequency-Specific Effects of Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation on Response-Time Performance in Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2021; 12:758122. [PMID: 34795633 PMCID: PMC8593161 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.758122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) is being increasingly explored as a non-invasive brain stimulation technique to treat symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). To date, behavioral GVS effects in PD have been explored with only two stimulus types, direct current and random noise (RN). The interaction between GVS effects and anti-parkinsonian medication is unknown. In the present study, we designed multisine (ms) stimuli and investigated the effects of ms and RN GVS on motor response time. In comparison to the RN stimulus, the ms stimuli contained sinusoidal components only at a set of desired frequencies and the phases were optimized to improve participants' comfort. We hypothesized GVS motor effects were a function of stimulation frequency, and specifically, that band-limited ms-GVS would result in better motor performance than conventionally used broadband RN-GVS. Materials and Methods: Eighteen PD patients (PDMOFF/PDMON: off-/on-levodopa medication) and 20 healthy controls (HC) performed a simple reaction time task while receiving sub-threshold GVS. Each participant underwent nine stimulation conditions: off-stimulation, RN (4–200 Hz), ms-θ (4–8 Hz), ms-α (8–13 Hz), ms-β (13–30 Hz), ms-γ (30–50 Hz), ms-h1 (50–100 Hz), ms-h2 (100–150 Hz), and ms-h3 (150–200 Hz). Results: The ms-γ resulted in shorter response time (RPT) in both PDMOFF and HC groups compared with the RN. In addition, the RPT of the PDMOFF group decreased during the ms-β while the RPT of the HC group decreased during the ms-α, ms-h1, ms-h2, and ms-h3. There was considerable inter-subject variability in the optimum stimulus type, although the frequency range tended to fall within 8–100 Hz. Levodopa medication significantly reduced the baseline RPT of the PD patients. In contrast to the off-medication state, GVS did not significantly change RPT of the PD patients in the on-medication state. Conclusions: Using band-limited ms-GVS, we demonstrated that the GVS frequency for the best RPT varied considerably across participants and was >30 Hz for half of the PDMOFF patients. Moreover, dopaminergic medication was found to influence GVS effects in PD patients. Our results indicate the common “one-size-fits-all” RN approach is suboptimal for PD, and therefore personalized stimuli aiming to address this variability is warranted to improve GVS effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soojin Lee
- Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul F Smith
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Won Hee Lee
- Department of Software Convergence, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Martin J McKeown
- Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine (Neurology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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13
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Carriot J, Cullen KE, Chacron MJ. The neural basis for violations of Weber's law in self-motion perception. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2025061118. [PMID: 34475203 PMCID: PMC8433496 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2025061118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A prevailing view is that Weber's law constitutes a fundamental principle of perception. This widely accepted psychophysical law states that the minimal change in a given stimulus that can be perceived increases proportionally with amplitude and has been observed across systems and species in hundreds of studies. Importantly, however, Weber's law is actually an oversimplification. Notably, there exist violations of Weber's law that have been consistently observed across sensory modalities. Specifically, perceptual performance is better than that predicted from Weber's law for the higher stimulus amplitudes commonly found in natural sensory stimuli. To date, the neural mechanisms mediating such violations of Weber's law in the form of improved perceptual performance remain unknown. Here, we recorded from vestibular thalamocortical neurons in rhesus monkeys during self-motion stimulation. Strikingly, we found that neural discrimination thresholds initially increased but saturated for higher stimulus amplitudes, thereby causing the improved neural discrimination performance required to explain perception. Theory predicts that stimulus-dependent neural variability and/or response nonlinearities will determine discrimination threshold values. Using computational methods, we thus investigated the mechanisms mediating this improved performance. We found that the structure of neural variability, which initially increased but saturated for higher amplitudes, caused improved discrimination performance rather than response nonlinearities. Taken together, our results reveal the neural basis for violations of Weber's law and further provide insight as to how variability contributes to the adaptive encoding of natural stimuli with continually varying statistics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Carriot
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Kathleen E Cullen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Maurice J Chacron
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada;
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14
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Zhao B, Zhang Y, Chen A. Encoding of vestibular and optic flow cues to self-motion in the posterior superior temporal polysensory area. J Physiol 2021; 599:3937-3954. [PMID: 34192812 DOI: 10.1113/jp281913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Neurons in the posterior superior temporal polysensory area (STPp) showed significant directional selectivity in response to vestibular, optic flow and combined visual-vestibular stimuli. By comparison to the dorsal medial superior temporal area, the visual latency was slower in STPp but the vestibular latency was faster. Heading preferences under combined stimulation in STPp were usually dominated by visual signals. Cross-modal enhancement was observed in STPp when both vestibular and visual cues were presented together at their heading preferences. ABSTRACT Human neuroimaging data implicated that the superior temporal polysensory area (STP) might be involved in vestibular-visual interaction during heading computations, but the heading selectivity has not been examined in the macaque. Here, we investigated the convergence of optic flow and vestibular signals in macaque STP by using a virtual-reality system and found that 6.3% of STP neurons showed multisensory responses, with visual and vestibular direction preferences either congruent or opposite in roughly equal proportion. The percentage of vestibular-tuned cells (18.3%) was much smaller than that of visual-tuned cells (30.4%) in STP. The vestibular tuning strength was usually weaker than the visual condition. The visual latency was significantly slower in STPp than in the dorsal medial superior temporal area (MSTd), but the vestibular latency was significantly faster than in MSTd. During the bimodal condition, STP cells' response was dominated by visual signals, with the visual heading preference not affected by the vestibular signals but the response amplitudes modulated by vestibular signals in a subadditive way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhao
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (East China Normal University), Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (East China Normal University), Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Aihua Chen
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (East China Normal University), Shanghai, 200062, China
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15
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Martin CZ, Lapierre P, Haché S, Lucien D, Green AM. Vestibular contributions to online reach execution are processed via mechanisms with knowledge about limb biomechanics. J Neurophysiol 2021; 125:1022-1045. [PMID: 33502952 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00688.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of reach control with the body stationary have shown that proprioceptive and visual feedback signals contributing to rapid corrections during reaching are processed by neural circuits that incorporate knowledge about the physical properties of the limb (an internal model). However, among the most common spatial and mechanical perturbations to the limb are those caused by our body's own motion, suggesting that processing of vestibular signals for online reach control may reflect a similar level of sophistication. We investigated this hypothesis using galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) to selectively activate the vestibular sensors, simulating body rotation, as human subjects reached to remembered targets in different directions (forward, leftward, rightward). If vestibular signals contribute to purely kinematic/spatial corrections for body motion, GVS should evoke reach trajectory deviations of similar size in all directions. In contrast, biomechanical modeling predicts that if vestibular processing for online reach control takes into account knowledge of the physical properties of the limb and the forces applied on it by body motion, then GVS should evoke trajectory deviations that are significantly larger during forward and leftward reaches as compared with rightward reaches. When GVS was applied during reaching, the observed deviations were on average consistent with this prediction. In contrast, when GVS was instead applied before reaching, evoked deviations were similar across directions, as predicted for a purely spatial correction mechanism. These results suggest that vestibular signals, like proprioceptive and visual feedback, are processed for online reach control via sophisticated neural mechanisms that incorporate knowledge of limb biomechanics.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Studies examining proprioceptive and visual contributions to rapid corrections for externally applied mechanical and spatial perturbations during reaching have provided evidence for flexible processing of sensory feedback that accounts for musculoskeletal system dynamics. Notably, however, such perturbations commonly arise from our body's own motion. In line with this, we provide compelling evidence that, similar to proprioceptive and visual signals, vestibular signals are processed for online reach control via sophisticated mechanisms that incorporate knowledge of limb biomechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Z Martin
- Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Philippe Lapierre
- Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simon Haché
- Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Diderot Lucien
- Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrea M Green
- Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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16
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Mackrous I, Carriot J, Cullen KE, Chacron MJ. Neural variability determines coding strategies for natural self-motion in macaque monkeys. eLife 2020; 9:57484. [PMID: 32915134 PMCID: PMC7521927 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that central neurons mediating vestibulo-spinal reflexes and self-motion perception optimally encode natural self-motion (Mitchell et al., 2018). Importantly however, the vestibular nuclei also comprise other neuronal classes that mediate essential functions such as the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and its adaptation. Here we show that heterogeneities in resting discharge variability mediate a trade-off between faithful encoding and optimal coding via temporal whitening. Specifically, neurons displaying lower variability did not whiten naturalistic self-motion but instead faithfully represented the stimulus' detailed time course, while neurons displaying higher variability displayed temporal whitening. Using a well-established model of VOR pathways, we demonstrate that faithful stimulus encoding is necessary to generate the compensatory eye movements found experimentally during naturalistic self-motion. Our findings suggest a novel functional role for variability toward establishing different coding strategies: (1) faithful stimulus encoding for generating the VOR; (2) optimized coding via temporal whitening for other vestibular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jérome Carriot
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Kathleen E Cullen
- The Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,The Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,The Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
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17
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Jacob A, Tward DJ, Resnick S, Smith PF, Lopez C, Rebello E, Wei EX, Ratnanather JT, Agrawal Y. Vestibular function and cortical and sub-cortical alterations in an aging population. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04728. [PMID: 32904672 PMCID: PMC7457317 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
While it is well known that the vestibular system is responsible for maintaining balance, posture and coordination, there is increasing evidence that it also plays an important role in cognition. Moreover, a growing number of epidemiological studies are demonstrating a link between vestibular dysfunction and cognitive deficits in older adults; however, the exact pathways through which vestibular loss may affect cognition are unknown. In this cross-sectional study, we sought to identify relationships between vestibular function and variation in morphometry in brain structures from structural neuroimaging. We used a subset of 80 participants from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, who had both brain MRI and vestibular physiological data acquired during the same visit. Vestibular function was evaluated through the cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP). The brain structures of interest that we analyzed were the hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, caudate nucleus, putamen, insula, entorhinal cortex (ERC), trans-entorhinal cortex (TEC) and perirhinal cortex, as these structures comprise or are connected with the putative "vestibular cortex." We modeled the volume and shape of these structures as a function of the presence/absence of cVEMP and the cVEMP amplitude, adjusting for age and sex. We observed reduced overall volumes of the hippocampus and the ERC associated with poorer vestibular function. In addition, we also found significant relationships between the shape of the hippocampus (p = 0.0008), amygdala (p = 0.01), thalamus (p = 0.008), caudate nucleus (p = 0.002), putamen (p = 0.02), and ERC-TEC complex (p = 0.008) and vestibular function. These findings provide novel insight into the multiple pathways through which vestibular loss may impact brain structures that are critically involved in spatial memory, navigation and orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athira Jacob
- Center for Imaging Science and Institute for Computational Medicine,
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD,
USA
| | - Daniel J. Tward
- Center for Imaging Science and Institute for Computational Medicine,
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD,
USA
| | - Susan Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging,
Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paul F. Smith
- Department Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medical Sciences, The
Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Christophe Lopez
- Aix Marseille Universite, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique,
Marseille, France
| | - Elliott Rebello
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins
University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eric X. Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins
University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J. Tilak Ratnanather
- Center for Imaging Science and Institute for Computational Medicine,
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD,
USA
| | - Yuri Agrawal
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins
University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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18
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Dale A, Cullen KE. The Ventral Posterior Lateral Thalamus Preferentially Encodes Externally Applied Versus Active Movement: Implications for Self-Motion Perception. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:305-318. [PMID: 29190334 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful interaction with our environment requires that voluntary behaviors be precisely coordinated with our perception of self-motion. The vestibular sensors in the inner ear detect self-motion and in turn send projections via the vestibular nuclei to multiple cortical areas through 2 principal thalamocortical pathways, 1 anterior and 1 posterior. While the anterior pathway has been extensively studied, the role of the posterior pathway is not well understood. Accordingly, here we recorded responses from individual neurons in the ventral posterior lateral thalamus of macaque monkeys during externally applied (passive) and actively generated self-motion. The sensory responses of neurons that robustly encoded passive rotations and translations were canceled during comparable voluntary movement (~80% reduction). Moreover, when both passive and active self-motion were experienced simultaneously, neurons selectively encoded the detailed time course of the passive component. To examine the mechanism underlying the selective elimination of vestibular sensitivity to active motion, we experimentally controlled correspondence between intended and actual head movement. We found that suppression only occurred if the actual sensory consequences of motion matched the motor-based expectation. Together, our findings demonstrate that the posterior thalamocortical vestibular pathway selectively encodes unexpected motion, thereby providing a neural correlate for ensuring perceptual stability during active versus externally generated motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Dale
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kathleen E Cullen
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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19
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Cullen KE. Vestibular processing during natural self-motion: implications for perception and action. Nat Rev Neurosci 2019; 20:346-363. [PMID: 30914780 PMCID: PMC6611162 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-019-0153-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
How the brain computes accurate estimates of our self-motion relative to the world and our orientation relative to gravity in order to ensure accurate perception and motor control is a fundamental neuroscientific question. Recent experiments have revealed that the vestibular system encodes this information during everyday activities using pathway-specific neural representations. Furthermore, new findings have established that vestibular signals are selectively combined with extravestibular information at the earliest stages of central vestibular processing in a manner that depends on the current behavioural goal. These findings have important implications for our understanding of the brain mechanisms that ensure accurate perception and behaviour during everyday activities and for our understanding of disorders of vestibular processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E Cullen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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20
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Kaski D, Rust HM, Ibitoye R, Arshad Q, Allum JHJ, Bronstein AM. Theoretical framework for "unexplained" dizziness in the elderly: The role of small vessel disease. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2019; 248:225-240. [PMID: 31239134 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we postulate that disruption of connectivity in the human brain can lead to dizziness, a symptom normally associated with focal disease of the vestibular system. The specific case that we will examine is the development of "unexplained" dizziness in the elderly-an extremely common clinical problem. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in the elderly usually show variable degrees of multifocal micro-angiopathy (small vessel white matter disease, SVD); thus, we review the literature, present a conceptual model and report preliminary quantitative EEG data in support of the hypothesis that such hemispheric SVD leads to central nervous system disconnection that elderly patients report as dizziness. Loss of connectivity by age-related build-up of SVD could lead to dizzy feelings through one or more of the following mechanisms: disconnection of cortical vestibular centers, disconnection between frontal gait centers and the basal ganglia, and disconnection between intended motor action (efference copy) and sensory re-afference. Finally, we propose that SVD-mediated dysregulation of cerebral blood pressure is linked to dizziness during standing and walking in elderly patients with "unexplained" dizziness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Kaski
- Department of Clinical and motor neurosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Division of Brain Sciences, Charing Cross Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Heiko M Rust
- Division of Brain Sciences, Charing Cross Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Ibitoye
- Division of Brain Sciences, Charing Cross Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Qadeer Arshad
- Division of Brain Sciences, Charing Cross Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - John H J Allum
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adolfo M Bronstein
- Division of Brain Sciences, Charing Cross Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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21
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Leong ATL, Gu Y, Chan YS, Zheng H, Dong CM, Chan RW, Wang X, Liu Y, Tan LH, Wu EX. Optogenetic fMRI interrogation of brain-wide central vestibular pathways. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:10122-10129. [PMID: 31028140 PMCID: PMC6525493 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1812453116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood oxygen level-dependent functional MRI (fMRI) constitutes a powerful neuroimaging technology to map brain-wide functions in response to specific sensory or cognitive tasks. However, fMRI mapping of the vestibular system, which is pivotal for our sense of balance, poses significant challenges. Physical constraints limit a subject's ability to perform motion- and balance-related tasks inside the scanner, and current stimulation techniques within the scanner are nonspecific to delineate complex vestibular nucleus (VN) pathways. Using fMRI, we examined brain-wide neural activity patterns elicited by optogenetically stimulating excitatory neurons of a major vestibular nucleus, the ipsilateral medial VN (MVN). We demonstrated robust optogenetically evoked fMRI activations bilaterally at sensorimotor cortices and their associated thalamic nuclei (auditory, visual, somatosensory, and motor), high-order cortices (cingulate, retrosplenial, temporal association, and parietal), and hippocampal formations (dentate gyrus, entorhinal cortex, and subiculum). We then examined the modulatory effects of the vestibular system on sensory processing using auditory and visual stimulation in combination with optogenetic excitation of the MVN. We found enhanced responses to sound in the auditory cortex, thalamus, and inferior colliculus ipsilateral to the stimulated MVN. In the visual pathway, we observed enhanced responses to visual stimuli in the ipsilateral visual cortex, thalamus, and contralateral superior colliculus. Taken together, our imaging findings reveal multiple brain-wide central vestibular pathways. We demonstrate large-scale modulatory effects of the vestibular system on sensory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex T L Leong
- Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yong Gu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ying-Shing Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hairong Zheng
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Celia M Dong
- Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Russell W Chan
- Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xunda Wang
- Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yilong Liu
- Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Li Hai Tan
- Center for Language and Brain, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Ed X Wu
- Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China;
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
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22
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Ugolini G, Prevosto V, Graf W. Ascending vestibular pathways to parietal areas MIP and LIPv and efference copy inputs from the medial reticular formation: Functional frameworks for body representations updating and online movement guidance. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 50:2988-3013. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Ugolini
- Paris‐Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (UMR9197) CNRS ‐ Université Paris‐Sud Université Paris‐Saclay Gif‐sur‐Yvette France
| | - Vincent Prevosto
- Paris‐Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (UMR9197) CNRS ‐ Université Paris‐Sud Université Paris‐Saclay Gif‐sur‐Yvette France
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Pratt School of Engineering Durham North Carolina
- Department of Neurobiology Duke School of Medicine Duke University Durham North Carolina
| | - Werner Graf
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics Howard University Washington District of Columbia
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23
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Lee S, Liu A, Wang ZJ, McKeown MJ. Abnormal Phase Coupling in Parkinson's Disease and Normalization Effects of Subthreshold Vestibular Stimulation. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:118. [PMID: 31001099 PMCID: PMC6456700 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brain is a highly dynamic structure requiring dynamic coordination between different neural systems to perform numerous cognitive and behavioral tasks. Emerging perspectives on basal ganglia (BG) and thalamic functions have highlighted their role in facilitating and mediating information transmission among cortical regions. Thus, changes in BG and thalamic structures can induce aberrant modulation of cortico-cortical interactions. Recent work in deep brain stimulation (DBS) has demonstrated that externally applied electrical current to BG structures can have multiple downstream effects in large-scale brain networks. In this work, we identified EEG-based altered resting-state cortical functional connectivity in Parkinson's disease (PD) and examined effects of dopaminergic medication and electrical vestibular stimulation (EVS), a non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) technique capable of stimulating the BG and thalamus through vestibular pathways. Resting EEG was collected from 16 PD subjects and 18 age-matched, healthy controls (HC) in four conditions: sham (no stimulation), EVS1 (4-8 Hz multisine), EVS2 (50-100 Hz multisine) and EVS3 (100-150 Hz multisine). The mean, variability, and entropy were extracted from time-varying phase locking value (PLV), a non-linear measure of pairwise functional connectivity, to probe abnormal cortical couplings in the PD subjects. We found the mean PLV of Cz and C3 electrodes were important for discrimination between PD and HC subjects. In addition, the PD subjects exhibited lower variability and entropy of PLV (mostly in theta and alpha bands) compared to the controls, which were correlated with their clinical characteristics. While levodopa medication was effective in normalizing the mean PLV only, all EVS stimuli normalized the mean, variability and entropy of PLV in the PD subject, with the exact extent and duration of improvement a function of stimulus type. These findings provide evidence demonstrating both low- and high-frequency EVS exert widespread influences on cortico-cortical connectivity, likely via subcortical activation. The improvement observed in PD in a stimulus-dependent manner suggests that EVS with optimized parameters may provide a new non-invasive means for neuromodulation of functional brain networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soojin Lee
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Aiping Liu
- Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Z Jane Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Martin J McKeown
- Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Britton Z, Arshad Q. Vestibular and Multi-Sensory Influences Upon Self-Motion Perception and the Consequences for Human Behavior. Front Neurol 2019; 10:63. [PMID: 30899238 PMCID: PMC6416181 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this manuscript, we comprehensively review both the human and animal literature regarding vestibular and multi-sensory contributions to self-motion perception. This covers the anatomical basis and how and where the signals are processed at all levels from the peripheral vestibular system to the brainstem and cerebellum and finally to the cortex. Further, we consider how and where these vestibular signals are integrated with other sensory cues to facilitate self-motion perception. We conclude by demonstrating the wide-ranging influences of the vestibular system and self-motion perception upon behavior, namely eye movement, postural control, and spatial awareness as well as new discoveries that such perception can impact upon numerical cognition, human affect, and bodily self-consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelie Britton
- Department of Neuro-Otology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Qadeer Arshad
- Department of Neuro-Otology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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25
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Favre-Bulle IA, Vanwalleghem G, Taylor MA, Rubinsztein-Dunlop H, Scott EK. Cellular-Resolution Imaging of Vestibular Processing across the Larval Zebrafish Brain. Curr Biol 2018; 28:3711-3722.e3. [PMID: 30449665 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The vestibular system, which reports on motion and gravity, is essential to postural control, balance, and egocentric representations of movement and space. The motion needed to stimulate the vestibular system complicates studying its circuitry, so we previously developed a method for fictive vestibular stimulation in zebrafish, using optical trapping to apply physical forces to the otoliths. Here, we combine this approach with whole-brain calcium imaging at cellular resolution, delivering a comprehensive map of the brain regions and cellular responses involved in basic vestibular processing. We find responses broadly distributed across the brain, with unique profiles of cellular responses and topography in each region. The most widespread and abundant responses involve excitation that is graded to the stimulus strength. Other responses, localized to the telencephalon and habenulae, show excitation that is only weakly correlated to stimulus strength and that is sensitive to weak stimuli. Finally, numerous brain regions contain neurons that are inhibited by vestibular stimuli, and these neurons are often tightly localized spatially within their regions. By exerting separate control over the left and right otoliths, we explore the laterality of brain-wide vestibular processing, distinguishing between neurons with unilateral and bilateral vestibular sensitivity and revealing patterns whereby conflicting signals from the ears mutually cancel. Our results confirm previously identified vestibular responses in specific regions of the larval zebrafish brain while revealing a broader and more extensive network of vestibular responsive neurons than has previously been described. This provides a departure point for more targeted studies of the underlying functional circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itia A Favre-Bulle
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Gilles Vanwalleghem
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Michael A Taylor
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | | | - Ethan K Scott
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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26
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Frank SM, Greenlee MW. The parieto-insular vestibular cortex in humans: more than a single area? J Neurophysiol 2018; 120:1438-1450. [DOI: 10.1152/jn.00907.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we review the structure and function of a core region in the vestibular cortex of humans that is located in the midposterior Sylvian fissure and referred to as the parieto-insular vestibular cortex (PIVC). Previous studies have investigated PIVC by using vestibular or visual motion stimuli and have observed activations that were distributed across multiple anatomical structures, including the temporo-parietal junction, retroinsula, parietal operculum, and posterior insula. However, it has remained unclear whether all of these anatomical areas correspond to PIVC and whether PIVC responds to both vestibular and visual stimuli. Recent results suggest that the region that has been referred to as PIVC in previous studies consists of multiple areas with different anatomical correlates and different functional specializations. Specifically, a vestibular but not visual area is located in the parietal operculum, close to the posterior insula, and likely corresponds to the nonhuman primate PIVC, while a visual-vestibular area is located in the retroinsular cortex and is referred to, for historical reasons, as the posterior insular cortex area (PIC). In this article, we review the anatomy, connectivity, and function of PIVC and PIC and propose that the core of the human vestibular cortex consists of at least two separate areas, which we refer to together as PIVC+. We also review the organization in the nonhuman primate brain and show that there are parallels to the proposed organization in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian M. Frank
- Institute for Experimental Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Mark W. Greenlee
- Institute for Experimental Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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27
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Shaikh AG, Antoniades C, Fitzgerald J, Ghasia FF. Effects of Deep Brain Stimulation on Eye Movements and Vestibular Function. Front Neurol 2018; 9:444. [PMID: 29946295 PMCID: PMC6005881 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovery of inter-latching circuits in the basal ganglia and invention of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for their modulation is a breakthrough in basic and clinical neuroscience. The DBS not only changes the quality of life of hundreds of thousands of people with intractable movement disorders, but it also offers a unique opportunity to understand how the basal ganglia interacts with other neural structures. An attractive yet less explored area is the study of DBS on eye movements and vestibular function. From the clinical perspective such studies provide valuable guidance in efficient programming of stimulation profile leading to optimal motor outcome. From the scientific standpoint such studies offer the ability to assess the outcomes of basal ganglia stimulation on eye movement behavior in cognitive as well as in motor domains. Understanding the influence of DBS on ocular motor function also leads to analogies to interpret its effects on complex appendicular and axial motor function. This review focuses on the influence of globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, and thalamus DBS on ocular motor and vestibular functions. The anatomy and physiology of basal ganglia, pertinent to the principles of DBS and ocular motility, is discussed. Interpretation of the effects of electrical stimulation of the basal ganglia in Parkinson's disease requires understanding of baseline ocular motor function in the diseased brain. Therefore we have also discussed the baseline ocular motor deficits in these patients and how the DBS changes such functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aasef G Shaikh
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Daroff-Dell'Osso Ocular Motility Laboratory, Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Chrystalina Antoniades
- NeuroMetrology Lab, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - James Fitzgerald
- NeuroMetrology Lab, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Fatema F Ghasia
- Daroff-Dell'Osso Ocular Motility Laboratory, Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
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28
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Jang SH, Kwon HG. The Ipsilateral Vestibulothalamic Tract in the Human Brain. Transl Neurosci 2018; 9:22-25. [PMID: 29662702 PMCID: PMC5898601 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2018-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there are a few studies of portions of the vestibular system such as the vestibulocerebellar tract and the neural connectivity of the vestibular nuclei (VN), no study of the ipsilateral vestibulothalamic tract (VTT) (originating from the VN and mainly connecting to the lateral thalami nuclei) has been reported. In the current study, using diffusion tensor tractography (DTT), we investigate the reconstruction method and characteristics of the ipsilateral VTT in normal subjects. Thirty-three subjects were recruited for this study. For the ipsilateral VTT, the seed region of interest (ROI) was placed on the VN, which was isolated on the FA map using adjacent structures as follows: the reticular formation (anterior boundary), posterior margin of medulla and pons (posterior boundary), medial lemniscus (medial boundary) and restiform body (lateral boundary). The target ROI was placed at the lateral thalamic nuclei using known anatomical locations. The DTT parameters of the ipsilateral VTT were measured. The ipsilateral VTTs that originated from the vestibular nuclei ascended postero-laterally to the upper pons and antero-medially to the upper midbrain via the medial longitudinal fasciculus, and terminated the lateral thalamic nuclei. No significant differences were observed in DTT parameters of the ipsilateral VTT between the right and left hemispheres (p > 0.05). Using DTT, we reconstructed the ipsilateral VTT and observed the anatomical characteristics of the ipsilateral VTT in normal subjects. We believe that the methodology and results in this study could be helpful to researchers and clinicians in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ho Jang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Hyeok Gyu Kwon
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan, 57 Oryundae-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Pusan, 46252, Republic of Korea
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29
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Shaikh AG, Straumann D, Palla A. Motion Illusion-Evidence towards Human Vestibulo-Thalamic Projections. THE CEREBELLUM 2018; 16:656-663. [PMID: 28127679 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-017-0844-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Contemporary studies speculated that cerebellar network responsible for motion perception projects to the cerebral cortex via vestibulo-thalamus. Here, we sought for the physiological properties of vestibulo-thalamic pathway responsible for the motion perception. Healthy subjects and the patient with focal vestibulo-thalamic lacunar stroke spun a hand-held rheostat to approximate the value of perceived angular velocity during whole-body passive earth-vertical axis rotations in yaw plane. Vestibulo-ocular reflex was simultaneously measured with high-resolution search coils (paradigm 1). In primates, the vestibulo-thalamic projections remain medial and then dorsomedial to the subthalamus. Therefore, the paradigm 2 assessed the effects of high-frequency subthalamic nucleus electrical stimulation through the medial and caudal deep brain stimulation electrode in five subjects with Parkinson's disease. Paradigm 1 discovered directional mismatch of perceived rotation in a patient with vestibulo-thalamic lacune. There was no such mismatch in vestibulo-ocular reflex. Healthy subjects did not have such directional discrepancy of perceived motion. The results confirmed that perceived angular motion is relayed through the thalamus. Stimulation through medial and caudal-most electrode of subthalamic deep brain stimulator in paradigm 2 resulted in perception of rotational motion in the horizontal semicircular canal plane. One patient perceived riding a swing, a complex motion, possibly the combination of vertical canal and otolith-derived signals representing pitch and fore-aft motion, respectively. The results examined physiological properties of the vestibulo-thalamic pathway that passes in proximity to the subthalamic nucleus conducting pure semicircular canal signals and convergent signals from the semicircular canals and the otoliths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aasef G Shaikh
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,Neurology Service, Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,Daroff-DelOsso Ocular Motility Laboratory, Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,Department of Neurology, University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44110, USA.
| | - Dominik Straumann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Antonella Palla
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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30
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Flexible egocentric and allocentric representations of heading signals in parietal cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E3305-E3312. [PMID: 29555744 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1715625115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
By systematically manipulating head position relative to the body and eye position relative to the head, previous studies have shown that vestibular tuning curves of neurons in the ventral intraparietal (VIP) area remain invariant when expressed in body-/world-centered coordinates. However, body orientation relative to the world was not manipulated; thus, an egocentric, body-centered representation could not be distinguished from an allocentric, world-centered reference frame. We manipulated the orientation of the body relative to the world such that we could distinguish whether vestibular heading signals in VIP are organized in body- or world-centered reference frames. We found a hybrid representation, depending on gaze direction. When gaze remained fixed relative to the body, the vestibular heading tuning of VIP neurons shifted systematically with body orientation, indicating an egocentric, body-centered reference frame. In contrast, when gaze remained fixed relative to the world, this representation changed to be intermediate between body- and world-centered. We conclude that the neural representation of heading in posterior parietal cortex is flexible, depending on gaze and possibly attentional demands.
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31
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Role of Rostral Fastigial Neurons in Encoding a Body-Centered Representation of Translation in Three Dimensions. J Neurosci 2018; 38:3584-3602. [PMID: 29487123 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2116-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many daily behaviors rely critically on estimates of our body motion. Such estimates must be computed by combining neck proprioceptive signals with vestibular signals that have been transformed from a head- to a body-centered reference frame. Recent studies showed that deep cerebellar neurons in the rostral fastigial nucleus (rFN) reflect these computations, but whether they explicitly encode estimates of body motion remains unclear. A key limitation in addressing this question is that, to date, cell tuning properties have only been characterized for a restricted set of motions across head-re-body orientations in the horizontal plane. Here we examined, for the first time, how 3D spatiotemporal tuning for translational motion varies with head-re-body orientation in both horizontal and vertical planes in the rFN of male macaques. While vestibular coding was profoundly influenced by head-re-body position in both planes, neurons typically reflected at most a partial transformation. However, their tuning shifts were not random but followed the specific spatial trajectories predicted for a 3D transformation. We show that these properties facilitate the linear decoding of fully body-centered motion representations in 3D with a broad range of temporal characteristics from small groups of 5-7 cells. These results demonstrate that the vestibular reference frame transformation required to compute body motion is indeed encoded by cerebellar neurons. We propose that maintaining partially transformed rFN responses with different spatiotemporal properties facilitates the creation of downstream body motion representations with a range of dynamic characteristics, consistent with the functional requirements for tasks such as postural control and reaching.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Estimates of body motion are essential for many daily activities. Vestibular signals are important contributors to such estimates but must be transformed from a head- to a body-centered reference frame. Here, we provide the first direct demonstration that the cerebellum computes this transformation fully in 3D. We show that the output of these computations is reflected in the tuning properties of deep cerebellar rostral fastigial nucleus neurons in a specific distributed fashion that facilitates the efficient creation of body-centered translation estimates with a broad range of temporal properties (i.e., from acceleration to position). These findings support an important role for the rostral fastigial nucleus as a source of body translation estimates functionally relevant for behaviors ranging from postural control to perception.
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32
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Newlands SD, Abbatematteo B, Wei M, Carney LH, Luan H. Convergence of linear acceleration and yaw rotation signals on non-eye movement neurons in the vestibular nucleus of macaques. J Neurophysiol 2018; 119:73-83. [PMID: 28978765 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00382.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Roughly half of all vestibular nucleus neurons without eye movement sensitivity respond to both angular rotation and linear acceleration. Linear acceleration signals arise from otolith organs, and rotation signals arise from semicircular canals. In the vestibular nerve, these signals are carried by different afferents. Vestibular nucleus neurons represent the first point of convergence for these distinct sensory signals. This study systematically evaluated how rotational and translational signals interact in single neurons in the vestibular nuclei: multisensory integration at the first opportunity for convergence between these two independent vestibular sensory signals. Single-unit recordings were made from the vestibular nuclei of awake macaques during yaw rotation, translation in the horizontal plane, and combinations of rotation and translation at different frequencies. The overall response magnitude of the combined translation and rotation was generally less than the sum of the magnitudes in responses to the stimuli applied independently. However, we found that under conditions in which the peaks of the rotational and translational responses were coincident these signals were approximately additive. With presentation of rotation and translation at different frequencies, rotation was attenuated more than translation, regardless of which was at a higher frequency. These data suggest a nonlinear interaction between these two sensory modalities in the vestibular nuclei, in which coincident peak responses are proportionally stronger than other, off-peak interactions. These results are similar to those reported for other forms of multisensory integration, such as audio-visual integration in the superior colliculus. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to systematically explore the interaction of rotational and translational signals in the vestibular nuclei through independent manipulation. The results of this study demonstrate nonlinear integration leading to maximum response amplitude when the timing and direction of peak rotational and translational responses are coincident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn D Newlands
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York
| | - Ben Abbatematteo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York
| | - Min Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York
| | - Laurel H Carney
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York
| | - Hongge Luan
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York
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33
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Kammermeier S, Singh A, Bötzel K. Intermediate Latency-Evoked Potentials of Multimodal Cortical Vestibular Areas: Galvanic Stimulation. Front Neurol 2017; 8:587. [PMID: 29163348 PMCID: PMC5675885 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Human multimodal vestibular cortical regions are bilaterally anterior insulae and posterior opercula, where characteristic vestibular-related cortical potentials were previously reported under acoustic otolith stimulation. Galvanic vestibular stimulation likely influences semicircular canals preferentially. Galvanic stimulation was compared to previously established data under acoustic stimulation. Methods 14 healthy right-handed subjects, who were also included in the previous acoustic potential study, showed normal acoustic and galvanic vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials. They received 2,000 galvanic binaural bipolar stimuli for each side during EEG recording. Results Vestibular cortical potentials were found in all 14 subjects and in the pooled data of all subjects (“grand average”) bilaterally. Anterior insula and posterior operculum were activated exclusively under galvanic stimulation at 25, 35, 50, and 80 ms; frontal regions at 30 and 45 ms. Potentials at 70 ms in frontal regions and at 110 ms at all of the involved regions could also be recorded; these events were also found using acoustic stimulation in our previous study. Conclusion Galvanic semicircular canal stimulation evokes specific potentials in addition to those also found with acoustic otolith stimulation in identically located regions of the vestibular cortex. Vestibular cortical regions activate differently by galvanic and acoustic input at the peripheral sensory level. Significance Differential effects in vestibular cortical-evoked potentials may see clinical use in specific vertigo disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kammermeier
- Klinikum der Universität München, Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, München, Germany
| | - Arun Singh
- Klinikum der Universität München, Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, München, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, United States
| | - Kai Bötzel
- Klinikum der Universität München, Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, München, Germany
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Laurens J, Angelaki DE. A unified internal model theory to resolve the paradox of active versus passive self-motion sensation. eLife 2017; 6:28074. [PMID: 29043978 PMCID: PMC5839740 DOI: 10.7554/elife.28074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Brainstem and cerebellar neurons implement an internal model to accurately estimate self-motion during externally generated (‘passive’) movements. However, these neurons show reduced responses during self-generated (‘active’) movements, indicating that predicted sensory consequences of motor commands cancel sensory signals. Remarkably, the computational processes underlying sensory prediction during active motion and their relationship to internal model computations during passive movements remain unknown. We construct a Kalman filter that incorporates motor commands into a previously established model of optimal passive self-motion estimation. The simulated sensory error and feedback signals match experimentally measured neuronal responses during active and passive head and trunk rotations and translations. We conclude that a single sensory internal model can combine motor commands with vestibular and proprioceptive signals optimally. Thus, although neurons carrying sensory prediction error or feedback signals show attenuated modulation, the sensory cues and internal model are both engaged and critically important for accurate self-motion estimation during active head movements. When seated in a car, we can detect when the vehicle begins to move even with our eyes closed. Structures in the inner ear called the vestibular, or balance, organs enable us to sense our own movement. They do this by detecting head rotations, accelerations and gravity. They then pass this information on to specialized vestibular regions of the brain. Experiments using rotating chairs and moving platforms have shown that passive movements – such as car journeys and rollercoaster rides – activate the brain’s vestibular regions. But recent work has revealed that voluntary movements – in which individuals start the movement themselves – activate these regions far less than passive movements. Does this mean that the brain ignores signals from the inner ear during voluntary movements? Another possibility is that the brain predicts in advance how each movement will affect the vestibular organs in the inner ear. It then compares these predictions with the signals it receives during the movement. Only mismatches between the two activate the brain’s vestibular regions. To test this theory, Laurens and Angelaki created a mathematical model that compares predicted signals with actual signals in the way the theory proposes. The model accurately predicts the patterns of brain activity seen during both active and passive movement. This reconciles the results of previous experiments on active and passive motion. It also suggests that the brain uses similar processes to analyze vestibular signals during both types of movement. These findings can help drive further research into how the brain uses sensory signals to refine our everyday movements. They can also help us understand how people recover from damage to the vestibular system. Most patients with vestibular injuries learn to walk again, but have difficulty walking on uneven ground. They also become disoriented by passive movement. Using the model to study how the brain adapts to loss of vestibular input could lead to new strategies to aid recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Laurens
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Dora E Angelaki
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
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35
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Activation of the thalamic parafascicular nucleus by electrical stimulation of the peripheral vestibular nerve in rats. Exp Brain Res 2017; 235:1617-1625. [PMID: 28265687 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-016-4864-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The parafascicular nucleus (PFN) of the thalamus is a primary structure in the feedback circuit of the basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical system, as well as in the neural circuit of the vestibulo-thalamo-striatal pathway. We investigated the characteristics of the functional connectivity between the peripheral vestibular system and the PFN in rats. A single electrical stimulation was applied to the horizontal semicircular canal nerve in the peripheral vestibular end-organs. This resulted in polysynaptic local field potentials (LFPs) in the PFN, which were composed of long-lasting multiple waves. The LFPs were prominently seen contralateral to the stimulation site. The PFN LFPs were suppressed by transient chemical de-afferentation of peripheral vestibular activity using a 5% lidocaine injection into the middle ear. The spontaneous firing rate of the single units increased after electrical stimulation to the horizontal canal nerve in a frequency-dependent manner. The induction of cFos protein was more prominent in the contralateral PFN than in the ipsilateral PFN following horizontal semicircular canal nerve stimulation. The functional vestibulo-parafascicular connection is a neural substrate for the transmission of vestibular sensory information to the basal ganglia.
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36
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Jamali M, Chacron MJ, Cullen KE. Self-motion evokes precise spike timing in the primate vestibular system. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13229. [PMID: 27786265 PMCID: PMC5095295 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The accurate representation of self-motion requires the efficient processing of sensory input by the vestibular system. Conventional wisdom is that vestibular information is exclusively transmitted through changes in firing rate, yet under this assumption vestibular neurons display relatively poor detection and information transmission. Here, we carry out an analysis of the system's coding capabilities by recording neuronal responses to repeated presentations of naturalistic stimuli. We find that afferents with greater intrinsic variability reliably discriminate between different stimulus waveforms through differential patterns of precise (∼6 ms) spike timing, while those with minimal intrinsic variability do not. A simple mathematical model provides an explanation for this result. Postsynaptic central neurons also demonstrate precise spike timing, suggesting that higher brain areas also represent self-motion using temporally precise firing. These findings demonstrate that two distinct sensory channels represent vestibular information: one using rate coding and the other that takes advantage of precise spike timing. Early vestibular pathways are thought to code sensory inputs regarding self-motion via changes in firing rate. Here, the authors record from both regular and irregular afferents in macaques, and find both irregular afferents and central neurons also represent self-motion via temporally precise spike timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Jamali
- Department of Physiology McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G1Y6
| | - Maurice J Chacron
- Department of Physiology McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G1Y6
| | - Kathleen E Cullen
- Department of Physiology McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G1Y6
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Gravity orientation tuning in macaque anterior thalamus. Nat Neurosci 2016; 19:1566-1568. [PMID: 27775722 PMCID: PMC5791896 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Gravity may provide a ubiquitous allocentric reference to the brain's spatial orientation circuits. Here we describe neurons in the macaque anterior thalamus tuned to pitch and roll orientation relative to gravity, independently of visual landmarks. We show that individual cells exhibit two-dimensional tuning curves, with peak firing rates at a preferred vertical orientation. These results identify a thalamic pathway for gravity cues to influence perception, action and spatial cognition.
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38
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Wang J, Lewis RF. Contribution of intravestibular sensory conflict to motion sickness and dizziness in migraine disorders. J Neurophysiol 2016; 116:1586-1591. [PMID: 27385797 PMCID: PMC5144688 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00345.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Migraine is associated with enhanced motion sickness susceptibility and can cause episodic vertigo [vestibular migraine (VM)], but the mechanisms relating migraine to these vestibular symptoms remain uncertain. We tested the hypothesis that the central integration of rotational cues (from the semicircular canals) and gravitational cues (from the otolith organs) is abnormal in migraine patients. A postrotational tilt paradigm generated a conflict between canal cues (which indicate the head is rotating) and otolith cues (which indicate the head is tilted and stationary), and eye movements were measured to quantify two behaviors that are thought to minimize this conflict: suppression and reorientation of the central angular velocity signal, evidenced by attenuation ("dumping") of the vestibuloocular reflex and shifting of the rotational axis of the vestibuloocular reflex toward the earth vertical. We found that normal and migraine subjects, but not VM patients, displayed an inverse correlation between the extent of dumping and the size of the axis shift such that the net "conflict resolution" mediated through these two mechanisms approached an optimal value and that the residual sensory conflict in VM patients (but not migraine or normal subjects) correlated with motion sickness susceptibility. Our findings suggest that the brain normally controls the dynamic and spatial characteristics of central vestibular signals to minimize intravestibular sensory conflict and that this process is disrupted in VM, which may be responsible for the enhance motion intolerance and episodic vertigo that characterize this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Wang
- Case Western University Medical School, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Richard F Lewis
- Jenks Vestibular Physiology Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Rincon-Gonzalez L, Selen LPJ, Halfwerk K, Koppen M, Corneil BD, Medendorp WP. Decisions in motion: vestibular contributions to saccadic target selection. J Neurophysiol 2016; 116:977-85. [PMID: 27281751 DOI: 10.1152/jn.01071.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural world continuously presents us with many opportunities for action, and thus a process of target selection must precede action execution. While there has been considerable progress in understanding target selection in stationary environments, little is known about target selection when we are in motion. Here we investigated the effect of self-motion signals on saccadic target selection in a dynamic environment. Human subjects were sinusoidally translated (f = 0.6 Hz, 30-cm peak-to-peak displacement) along an interaural axis with a vestibular sled. During the motion two visual targets were presented asynchronously but equidistantly on either side of fixation. Subjects had to look at one of these targets as quickly as possible. With an adaptive approach, the time delay between these targets was adjusted until the subject selected both targets equally often. We determined this balanced time delay for different phases of the motion in order to distinguish the effects of body acceleration and velocity on saccadic target selection. Results show that acceleration (or position, as these are indistinguishable during sinusoidal motion), but not velocity, affects target selection for saccades. Subjects preferred to look at targets in the direction of the acceleration-the leftward target was preferred when the sled accelerated to the left, and vice versa. Saccadic reaction times mimicked this selection bias by being reliably shorter to targets in the direction of acceleration. Our results provide evidence that saccade target selection mechanisms are modulated by self-motion signals, which could be derived directly from the otolith system.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Rincon-Gonzalez
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and
| | - L P J Selen
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and
| | - K Halfwerk
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and
| | - M Koppen
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and
| | - B D Corneil
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, and Psychology, Brain and Mind Institute, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - W P Medendorp
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and
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40
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Wang J, Lewis RF. Abnormal Tilt Perception During Centrifugation in Patients with Vestibular Migraine. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2016; 17:253-8. [PMID: 26956976 PMCID: PMC4854827 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-016-0559-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vestibular migraine (VM), defined as vestibular symptoms caused by migraine mechanisms, is very common but poorly understood. Because dizziness is often provoked in VM patients when the semicircular canals and otolith organs are stimulated concurrently (e.g., tilting the head relative to gravity), we measured tilt perception and eye movements in patients with VM and in migraine and normal control subjects during fixed-radius centrifugation, a paradigm that simultaneously modulates afferent signals from the semicircular canals and otoliths organs. Twenty-four patients (8 in each category) were tested with a motion paradigm that generated an inter-aural centrifugal force of 0.36 G, resulting in a 20° tilt of the gravito-inertial force in the roll plane. We found that percepts of roll tilt developed slower in VM patients than in the two control groups, but that eye movement responses, including the shift in the eye's rotational axis, were equivalent in all three groups. These results demonstrate a change in vestibular perception in VM that is unaccompanied by changes in vestibular-mediated eye movements and suggest that either the brain's integration of canal and otolith signals or the dynamics of otolith responses are aberrant in patients with VM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Wang
- Case Western University Medical School, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Richard F Lewis
- Jenks Vestibular Physiology Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- , 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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Cheng Z, Gu Y. Distributed Representation of Curvilinear Self-Motion in the Macaque Parietal Cortex. Cell Rep 2016; 15:1013-1023. [PMID: 27117412 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.03.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Information about translations and rotations of the body is critical for complex self-motion perception during spatial navigation. However, little is known about the nature and function of their convergence in the cortex. We measured neural activity in multiple areas in the macaque parietal cortex in response to three different types of body motion applied through a motion platform: translation, rotation, and combined stimuli, i.e., curvilinear motion. We found a continuous representation of motion types in each area. In contrast to single-modality cells preferring either translation-only or rotation-only stimuli, convergent cells tend to be optimally tuned to curvilinear motion. A weighted summation model captured the data well, suggesting that translation and rotation signals are integrated subadditively in the cortex. Interestingly, variation in the activity of convergent cells parallels behavioral outputs reported in human psychophysical experiments. We conclude that representation of curvilinear self-motion perception is widely distributed in the primate sensory cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixian Cheng
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong Gu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
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Dahlem K, Valko Y, Schmahmann JD, Lewis RF. Cerebellar contributions to self-motion perception: evidence from patients with congenital cerebellar agenesis. J Neurophysiol 2016; 115:2280-5. [PMID: 26888100 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00763.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum was historically considered a brain region dedicated to motor control, but it has become clear that it also contributes to sensory processing, particularly when sensory discrimination is required. Prior work, for example, has demonstrated a cerebellar contribution to sensory discrimination in the visual and auditory systems. The cerebellum also receives extensive inputs from the motion and gravity sensors in the vestibular labyrinth, but its role in the perception of head motion and orientation has received little attention. Drawing on the lesion-deficit approach to understanding brain function, we evaluated the contributions of the cerebellum to head motion perception by measuring perceptual thresholds in two subjects with congenital agenesis of the cerebellum. We used a set of passive motion paradigms that activated the semicircular canals or otolith organs in isolation or combination, and compared results of the agenesis patients with healthy control subjects. Perceptual thresholds for head motion were elevated in the agenesis subjects for all motion protocols, most prominently for paradigms that only activated otolith inputs. These results demonstrate that the cerebellum increases the sensitivity of the brain to the motion and orientation signals provided by the labyrinth during passive head movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilian Dahlem
- Rijksuniversity Groningen University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands; Jenks Vestibular Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yulia Valko
- Jenks Vestibular Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich/University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jeremy D Schmahmann
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Ataxia Unit, Cognitive Behavioral Neurology Unit, Laboratory for Neuroanatomy and Cerebellar Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Richard F Lewis
- Jenks Vestibular Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Abstract
The relative simplicity of the neural circuits that mediate vestibular reflexes is well suited for linking systems and cellular levels of analyses. Notably, a distinctive feature of the vestibular system is that neurons at the first central stage of sensory processing in the vestibular nuclei are premotor neurons; the same neurons that receive vestibular-nerve input also send direct projections to motor pathways. For example, the simplicity of the three-neuron pathway that mediates the vestibulo-ocular reflex leads to the generation of compensatory eye movements within ~5ms of a head movement. Similarly, relatively direct pathways between the labyrinth and spinal cord control vestibulospinal reflexes. A second distinctive feature of the vestibular system is that the first stage of central processing is strongly multimodal. This is because the vestibular nuclei receive inputs from a wide range of cortical, cerebellar, and other brainstem structures in addition to direct inputs from the vestibular nerve. Recent studies in alert animals have established how extravestibular signals shape these "simple" reflexes to meet the needs of current behavioral goal. Moreover, multimodal interactions at higher levels, such as the vestibular cerebellum, thalamus, and cortex, play a vital role in ensuring accurate self-motion and spatial orientation perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Cullen
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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44
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Abstract
Neuronal networks that are linked to the peripheral vestibular system contribute to gravitoinertial sensation, balance control, eye movement control, and autonomic function. Ascending connections to the limbic system and cerebral cortex are also important for motion perception and threat recognition, and play a role in comorbid balance and anxiety disorders. The vestibular system also shows remarkable plasticity, termed vestibular compensation. Activity in these networks is regulated by an interaction between: (1) intrinsic neurotransmitters of the inner ear, vestibular nerve, and vestibular nuclei; (2) neurotransmitters associated with thalamocortical and limbic pathways that receive projections originating in the vestibular nuclei; and (3) locus coeruleus and raphe (serotonergic and nonserotonergic) projections that influence the latter components. Because the ascending vestibular interoceptive and thalamocortical pathways include networks that influence a broad range of stress responses (endocrine and autonomic), memory consolidation, and cognitive functions, common transmitter substrates provide a basis for understanding features of acute and chronic vestibular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Balaban
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Neurobiology, Communication Sciences and Disorders, and Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Kaski D, Quadir S, Nigmatullina Y, Malhotra PA, Bronstein AM, Seemungal BM. Temporoparietal encoding of space and time during vestibular-guided orientation. Brain 2015; 139:392-403. [PMID: 26719385 PMCID: PMC4805090 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
When we walk in our environment, we readily determine our travelled distance and location using visual cues. In the dark, estimating travelled distance uses a combination of somatosensory and vestibular (i.e. inertial) cues. The observed inability of patients with complete peripheral vestibular failure to update their angular travelled distance during active or passive turns in the dark implies a privileged role for vestibular cues during human angular orientation. As vestibular signals only provide inertial cues of self-motion (e.g. velocity, °/s), the brain must convert motion information to distance information (a process called ‘path integration’) to maintain our spatial orientation during self-motion in the dark. It is unknown, however, what brain areas are involved in converting vestibular-motion signals to those that enable such vestibular-spatial orientation. Hence, using voxel-based lesion–symptom mapping techniques, we explored the effect of acute right hemisphere lesions in 18 patients on perceived angular position, velocity and motion duration during whole-body angular rotations in the dark. First, compared to healthy controls’ spatial orientation performance, we found that of the 18 acute stroke patients tested, only the four patients with damage to the temporoparietal junction showed impaired spatial orientation performance for leftward (contralesional) compared to rightward (ipsilesional) rotations. Second, only patients with temporoparietal junction damage showed a congruent underestimation in both their travelled distance (perceived as shorter) and motion duration (perceived as briefer) for leftward compared to rightward rotations. All 18 lesion patients tested showed normal self-motion perception. These data suggest that the cerebral cortical regions mediating vestibular-motion (‘am I moving?’) and vestibular-spatial perception (‘where am I?’) are distinct. Furthermore, the congruent contralesional deficit in time (motion duration) and position perception, seen only in temporoparietal junction patients, may reflect a common neural substrate in the temporoparietal junction that mediates the encoding of motion duration and travelled distance during vestibular-guided navigation. Alternatively, the deficits in timing and spatial orientation with temporoparietal junction lesions could be functionally linked, implying that the temporoparietal junction may act as a cortical temporal integrator, combining estimates of self-motion velocity over time to derive an estimate of travelled distance. This intriguing possibility predicts that timing abnormalities could lead to spatial disorientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Kaski
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W6 8RF, UK
| | - Shamim Quadir
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W6 8RF, UK
| | | | - Paresh A Malhotra
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W6 8RF, UK
| | | | - Barry M Seemungal
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W6 8RF, UK
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46
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Baier B, Conrad J, Stephan T, Kirsch V, Vogt T, Wilting J, Müller-Forell W, Dieterich M. Vestibular thalamus. Neurology 2015; 86:134-40. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000002238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Baier B, Vogt T, Rohde F, Cuvenhaus H, Conrad J, Dieterich M. Deep brain stimulation of the nucleus ventralis intermedius: a thalamic site of graviceptive modulation. Brain Struct Funct 2015; 222:645-650. [PMID: 26650047 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-015-1157-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Based on animal studies, it has been shown that the nucleus ventralis intermedius (VIM) of the thalamus plays an important role within the vestibular system. A few human studies support the vestibular role of the VIM. In this study, we aimed to test the hypothesis whether changing the stimulation status in patients with unilateral deep brain stimulation in the VIM causally modulates the vestibular system, i.e., the graviceptive vertical perception. We tested six tremor patients for tilt of subjective visual vertical (SVV) with unilateral DBS in the VIM (mean age 67 years; mean time since electrode implantation 55 months). The mean tilt of the patients during the stimulator "on" condition was 1.4° to the contraversive side [standard deviation (SD) ± 0.4°] whereas during the "off" period a mean contraversive tilt of 4.4° (SD ± 3.0°) was obtained (p = 0.02). Thus, we were able to show that otolith-dominated graviceptive vertical perception can be directly modulated by changing the status of DBS VIM stimulation, indicating that the VIM is directly involved in (contraversive) vertical perception and its thalamic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Baier
- Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany. .,Neurology Department, Edith-Stein Fachklinik, Bad Bergzabern, Germany.
| | - Thomas Vogt
- Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Franziska Rohde
- Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hannah Cuvenhaus
- Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.,Neurology Department, Edith-Stein Fachklinik, Bad Bergzabern, Germany
| | - Julian Conrad
- Department of Neurology and IFBLMU, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Marianne Dieterich
- Department of Neurology and IFBLMU, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
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Wijesinghe R, Protti DA, Camp AJ. Vestibular Interactions in the Thalamus. Front Neural Circuits 2015; 9:79. [PMID: 26696836 PMCID: PMC4667082 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2015.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
It has long been known that the vast majority of all information en route to the cerebral cortex must first pass through the thalamus. The long held view that the thalamus serves as a simple hi fidelity relay station for sensory information to the cortex, however, has over recent years been dispelled. Indeed, multiple projections from the vestibular nuclei to thalamic nuclei (including the ventrobasal nuclei, and the geniculate bodies)- regions typically associated with other modalities- have been described. Further, some thalamic neurons have been shown to respond to stimuli presented from across sensory modalities. For example, neurons in the rat anterodorsal and laterodorsal nuclei of the thalamus respond to visual, vestibular, proprioceptive and somatosensory stimuli and integrate this information to compute heading within the environment. Together, these findings imply that the thalamus serves crucial integrative functions, at least in regard to vestibular processing, beyond that imparted by a “simple” relay. In this mini review we outline the vestibular inputs to the thalamus and provide some clinical context for vestibular interactions in the thalamus. We then focus on how vestibular inputs interact with other sensory systems and discuss the multisensory integration properties of the thalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Wijesinghe
- Sensory Systems and Integration Laboratory, Sydney Medical School, Discipline of Biomedical Science, University of Sydney Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dario A Protti
- Vision Laboratory, Sydney Medical School, Discipline of Physiology, University of Sydney Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Aaron J Camp
- Sensory Systems and Integration Laboratory, Sydney Medical School, Discipline of Biomedical Science, University of Sydney Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Tramper JJ, Medendorp WP. Parallel updating and weighting of multiple spatial maps for visual stability during whole body motion. J Neurophysiol 2015; 114:3211-9. [PMID: 26490289 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00576.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that the brain uses multiple reference frames to code spatial information, including eye-centered and body-centered frames. When we move our body in space, these internal representations are no longer in register with external space, unless they are actively updated. Whether the brain updates multiple spatial representations in parallel, or whether it restricts its updating mechanisms to a single reference frame from which other representations are constructed, remains an open question. We developed an optimal integration model to simulate the updating of visual space across body motion in multiple or single reference frames. To test this model, we designed an experiment in which participants had to remember the location of a briefly presented target while being translated sideways. The behavioral responses were in agreement with a model that uses a combination of eye- and body-centered representations, weighted according to the reliability in which the target location is stored and updated in each reference frame. Our findings suggest that the brain simultaneously updates multiple spatial representations across body motion. Because both representations are kept in sync, they can be optimally combined to provide a more precise estimate of visual locations in space than based on single-frame updating mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Tramper
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - W P Medendorp
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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50
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Optokinetic circular vection: a test of visual–vestibular conflict models of vection nascensy. Exp Brain Res 2015; 234:67-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-015-4433-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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