1
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Sihn D, Chae S, Kim SP. A method to find temporal structure of neuronal coactivity patterns with across-trial correlations. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 408:110172. [PMID: 38782124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The across-trial correlation of neurons' coactivity patterns emerges to be important for information coding, but methods for finding their temporal structures remain largely unexplored. NEW METHOD In the present study, we propose a method to find time clusters in which coactivity patterns of neurons are correlated across trials. We transform the multidimensional neural activity at each timing into a coactivity pattern of binary states, and predict the coactivity patterns at different timings. We devise a method suitable for these coactivity pattern predictions, call general event prediction. Cross-temporal prediction accuracy is then used to estimate across-trial correlations between coactivity patterns at two timings. We extract time clusters from the cross-temporal prediction accuracy by a modified k-means algorithm. RESULTS The feasibility of the proposed method is verified through simulations based on ground truth. We apply the proposed method to a calcium imaging dataset recorded from the motor cortex of mice, and demonstrate time clusters of motor cortical coactivity patterns during a motor task. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS While the existing cosine similarity method, which does not account for across-trial correlation, shows temporal structures only for contralateral neural responses, the proposed method reveals those for both contralateral and ipsilateral neural responses, demonstrating the effect of across-trial correlations. CONCLUSIONS This study introduces a novel method for measuring the temporal structure of neuronal ensemble activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duho Sihn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, the Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Chae
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, the Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Phil Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, the Republic of Korea.
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2
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Zhang K, Liu Y, Song Y, Xu S, Yang Y, Jiang L, Sun S, Luo J, Wu Y, Cai X. Exploring retinal ganglion cells encoding to multi-modal stimulation using 3D microelectrodes arrays. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1245082. [PMID: 37600306 PMCID: PMC10434521 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1245082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Microelectrode arrays (MEA) are extensively utilized in encoding studies of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) due to their capacity for simultaneous recording of neural activity across multiple channels. However, conventional planar MEAs face limitations in studying RGCs due to poor coupling between electrodes and RGCs, resulting in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and limited recording sensitivity. To overcome these challenges, we employed photolithography, electroplating, and other processes to fabricate a 3D MEA based on the planar MEA platform. The 3D MEA exhibited several improvements compared to planar MEA, including lower impedance (8.73 ± 1.66 kΩ) and phase delay (-15.11° ± 1.27°), as well as higher charge storage capacity (CSC = 10.16 ± 0.81 mC/cm2), cathodic charge storage capacity (CSCc = 7.10 ± 0.55 mC/cm2), and SNR (SNR = 8.91 ± 0.57). Leveraging the advanced 3D MEA, we investigated the encoding characteristics of RGCs under multi-modal stimulation. Optical, electrical, and chemical stimulation were applied as sensory inputs, and distinct response patterns and response times of RGCs were detected, as well as variations in rate encoding and temporal encoding. Specifically, electrical stimulation elicited more effective RGC firing, while optical stimulation enhanced RGC synchrony. These findings hold promise for advancing the field of neural encoding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoyao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yilin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shihong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Longhui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shutong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinping Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yirong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxia Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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3
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Meirhaeghe N, Riehle A, Brochier T. Parallel movement planning is achieved via an optimal preparatory state in motor cortex. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112136. [PMID: 36807145 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
How do patterns of neural activity in the motor cortex contribute to the planning of a movement? A recent theory developed for single movements proposes that the motor cortex acts as a dynamical system whose initial state is optimized during the preparatory phase of the movement. This theory makes important yet untested predictions about preparatory dynamics in more complex behavioral settings. Here, we analyze preparatory activity in non-human primates planning not one but two movements simultaneously. As predicted by the theory, we find that parallel planning is achieved by adjusting preparatory activity within an optimal subspace to an intermediate state reflecting a trade-off between the two movements. The theory quantitatively accounts for the relationship between this intermediate state and fluctuations in the animals' behavior down at the trial level. These results uncover a simple mechanism for planning multiple movements in parallel and further point to motor planning as a controlled dynamical process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Meirhaeghe
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (INT), UMR 7289, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France.
| | - Alexa Riehle
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (INT), UMR 7289, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-6), Jülich Research Centre, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Thomas Brochier
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (INT), UMR 7289, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
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4
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Precise Spiking Motifs in Neurobiological and Neuromorphic Data. Brain Sci 2022; 13:brainsci13010068. [PMID: 36672049 PMCID: PMC9856822 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Why do neurons communicate through spikes? By definition, spikes are all-or-none neural events which occur at continuous times. In other words, spikes are on one side binary, existing or not without further details, and on the other, can occur at any asynchronous time, without the need for a centralized clock. This stands in stark contrast to the analog representation of values and the discretized timing classically used in digital processing and at the base of modern-day neural networks. As neural systems almost systematically use this so-called event-based representation in the living world, a better understanding of this phenomenon remains a fundamental challenge in neurobiology in order to better interpret the profusion of recorded data. With the growing need for intelligent embedded systems, it also emerges as a new computing paradigm to enable the efficient operation of a new class of sensors and event-based computers, called neuromorphic, which could enable significant gains in computation time and energy consumption-a major societal issue in the era of the digital economy and global warming. In this review paper, we provide evidence from biology, theory and engineering that the precise timing of spikes plays a crucial role in our understanding of the efficiency of neural networks.
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5
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Chen X, Morales-Gregorio A, Sprenger J, Kleinjohann A, Sridhar S, van Albada SJ, Grün S, Roelfsema PR. 1024-channel electrophysiological recordings in macaque V1 and V4 during resting state. Sci Data 2022; 9:77. [PMID: 35277528 PMCID: PMC8917124 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01180-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-variations in resting state activity are thought to arise from a variety of correlated inputs to neurons, such as bottom-up activity from lower areas, feedback from higher areas, recurrent processing in local circuits, and fluctuations in neuromodulatory systems. Most studies have examined resting state activity throughout the brain using MRI scans, or observed local co-variations in activity by recording from a small number of electrodes. We carried out electrophysiological recordings from over a thousand chronically implanted electrodes in the visual cortex of non-human primates, yielding a resting state dataset with unprecedentedly high channel counts and spatiotemporal resolution. Such signals could be used to observe brain waves across larger regions of cortex, offering a temporally detailed picture of brain activity. In this paper, we provide the dataset, describe the raw and processed data formats and data acquisition methods, and indicate how the data can be used to yield new insights into the ‘background’ activity that influences the processing of visual information in our brain. Measurement(s) | brain activity measurement • eye movement | Technology Type(s) | extracellular electrophysiology recording • multi-electrode array system • infrared camera | Factor Type(s) | visual stimulation | Sample Characteristic - Organism | Macaca mulatta |
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- Department of Vision & Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Aitor Morales-Gregorio
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-6) and Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-6) and JARA Institute Brain Structure-Function Relationships (INM-10), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Julia Sprenger
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-6) and Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-6) and JARA Institute Brain Structure-Function Relationships (INM-10), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany.,Theoretical Systems Neurobiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Institut de Neurosciences de La Timone, CNRS & Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Alexander Kleinjohann
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-6) and Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-6) and JARA Institute Brain Structure-Function Relationships (INM-10), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany.,Theoretical Systems Neurobiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Shashwat Sridhar
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-6) and Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-6) and JARA Institute Brain Structure-Function Relationships (INM-10), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany.,Theoretical Systems Neurobiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sacha J van Albada
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-6) and Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-6) and JARA Institute Brain Structure-Function Relationships (INM-10), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sonja Grün
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-6) and Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-6) and JARA Institute Brain Structure-Function Relationships (INM-10), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany.,Theoretical Systems Neurobiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Pieter R Roelfsema
- Department of Vision & Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, Postbus 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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6
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Dahmen D, Layer M, Deutz L, Dąbrowska PA, Voges N, von Papen M, Brochier T, Riehle A, Diesmann M, Grün S, Helias M. Global organization of neuronal activity only requires unstructured local connectivity. eLife 2022; 11:e68422. [PMID: 35049496 PMCID: PMC8776256 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern electrophysiological recordings simultaneously capture single-unit spiking activities of hundreds of neurons spread across large cortical distances. Yet, this parallel activity is often confined to relatively low-dimensional manifolds. This implies strong coordination also among neurons that are most likely not even connected. Here, we combine in vivo recordings with network models and theory to characterize the nature of mesoscopic coordination patterns in macaque motor cortex and to expose their origin: We find that heterogeneity in local connectivity supports network states with complex long-range cooperation between neurons that arises from multi-synaptic, short-range connections. Our theory explains the experimentally observed spatial organization of covariances in resting state recordings as well as the behaviorally related modulation of covariance patterns during a reach-to-grasp task. The ubiquity of heterogeneity in local cortical circuits suggests that the brain uses the described mechanism to flexibly adapt neuronal coordination to momentary demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Dahmen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine and Institute for Advanced Simulation and JARA Institut Brain Structure-Function Relationships, Jülich Research CentreJülichGermany
| | - Moritz Layer
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine and Institute for Advanced Simulation and JARA Institut Brain Structure-Function Relationships, Jülich Research CentreJülichGermany
- RWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Lukas Deutz
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine and Institute for Advanced Simulation and JARA Institut Brain Structure-Function Relationships, Jülich Research CentreJülichGermany
- School of Computing, University of LeedsLeedsUnited Kingdom
| | - Paulina Anna Dąbrowska
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine and Institute for Advanced Simulation and JARA Institut Brain Structure-Function Relationships, Jülich Research CentreJülichGermany
- RWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Nicole Voges
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine and Institute for Advanced Simulation and JARA Institut Brain Structure-Function Relationships, Jülich Research CentreJülichGermany
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, CNRS - Aix-Marseille UniversityMarseilleFrance
| | - Michael von Papen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine and Institute for Advanced Simulation and JARA Institut Brain Structure-Function Relationships, Jülich Research CentreJülichGermany
| | - Thomas Brochier
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, CNRS - Aix-Marseille UniversityMarseilleFrance
| | - Alexa Riehle
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine and Institute for Advanced Simulation and JARA Institut Brain Structure-Function Relationships, Jülich Research CentreJülichGermany
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, CNRS - Aix-Marseille UniversityMarseilleFrance
| | - Markus Diesmann
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine and Institute for Advanced Simulation and JARA Institut Brain Structure-Function Relationships, Jülich Research CentreJülichGermany
- Department of Physics, Faculty 1, RWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, School of Medicine, RWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Sonja Grün
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine and Institute for Advanced Simulation and JARA Institut Brain Structure-Function Relationships, Jülich Research CentreJülichGermany
- Theoretical Systems Neurobiology, RWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Moritz Helias
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine and Institute for Advanced Simulation and JARA Institut Brain Structure-Function Relationships, Jülich Research CentreJülichGermany
- Department of Physics, Faculty 1, RWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
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7
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Collapse of complexity of brain and body activity due to excessive inhibition and MeCP2 disruption. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2106378118. [PMID: 34686597 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2106378118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex body movements require complex dynamics and coordination among neurons in motor cortex. Conversely, a long-standing theoretical notion supposes that if many neurons in motor cortex become excessively synchronized, they may lack the necessary complexity for healthy motor coding. However, direct experimental support for this idea is rare and underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here we recorded three-dimensional body movements and spiking activity of many single neurons in motor cortex of rats with enhanced synaptic inhibition and a transgenic rat model of Rett syndrome (RTT). For both cases, we found a collapse of complexity in the motor system. Reduced complexity was apparent in lower-dimensional, stereotyped brain-body interactions, neural synchrony, and simpler behavior. Our results demonstrate how imbalanced inhibition can cause excessive synchrony among movement-related neurons and, consequently, a stereotyped motor code. Excessive inhibition and synchrony may underlie abnormal motor function in RTT.
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8
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Porrmann F, Pilz S, Stella A, Kleinjohann A, Denker M, Hagemeyer J, Rückert U. Acceleration of the SPADE Method Using a Custom-Tailored FP-Growth Implementation. Front Neuroinform 2021; 15:723406. [PMID: 34603002 PMCID: PMC8483730 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2021.723406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The SPADE (spatio-temporal Spike PAttern Detection and Evaluation) method was developed to find reoccurring spatio-temporal patterns in neuronal spike activity (parallel spike trains). However, depending on the number of spike trains and the length of recording, this method can exhibit long runtimes. Based on a realistic benchmark data set, we identified that the combination of pattern mining (using the FP-Growth algorithm) and the result filtering account for 85–90% of the method's total runtime. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a customized FP-Growth implementation tailored to the requirements of SPADE, which significantly accelerates pattern mining and result filtering. Our version allows for parallel and distributed execution, and due to the improvements made, an execution on heterogeneous and low-power embedded devices is now also possible. The implementation has been evaluated using a traditional workstation based on an Intel Broadwell Xeon E5-1650 v4 as a baseline. Furthermore, the heterogeneous microserver platform RECS|Box has been used for evaluating the implementation on two HiSilicon Hi1616 (Kunpeng 916), an Intel Coffee Lake-ER Xeon E-2276ME, an Intel Broadwell Xeon D-D1577, and three NVIDIA Tegra devices (Jetson AGX Xavier, Jetson Xavier NX, and Jetson TX2). Depending on the platform, our implementation is between 27 and 200 times faster than the original implementation. At the same time, the energy consumption was reduced by up to two orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Porrmann
- Cognitronics and Sensor Systems, CITEC, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Sarah Pilz
- Cognitronics and Sensor Systems, CITEC, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Alessandra Stella
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-6) and Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-6) and JARA-Institute Brain Structure-Function Relationships (INM-10), Jülich Research Center, Jülich, Germany.,RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Kleinjohann
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-6) and Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-6) and JARA-Institute Brain Structure-Function Relationships (INM-10), Jülich Research Center, Jülich, Germany.,RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Denker
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-6) and Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-6) and JARA-Institute Brain Structure-Function Relationships (INM-10), Jülich Research Center, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jens Hagemeyer
- Cognitronics and Sensor Systems, CITEC, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Ulrich Rückert
- Cognitronics and Sensor Systems, CITEC, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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9
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Dąbrowska PA, Voges N, von Papen M, Ito J, Dahmen D, Riehle A, Brochier T, Grün S. On the Complexity of Resting State Spiking Activity in Monkey Motor Cortex. Cereb Cortex Commun 2021; 2:tgab033. [PMID: 34296183 PMCID: PMC8271144 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgab033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting state has been established as a classical paradigm of brain activity studies, mostly based on large-scale measurements such as functional magnetic resonance imaging or magneto- and electroencephalography. This term typically refers to a behavioral state characterized by the absence of any task or stimuli. The corresponding neuronal activity is often called idle or ongoing. Numerous modeling studies on spiking neural networks claim to mimic such idle states, but compare their results with task- or stimulus-driven experiments, or to results from experiments with anesthetized subjects. Both approaches might lead to misleading conclusions. To provide a proper basis for comparing physiological and simulated network dynamics, we characterize simultaneously recorded single neurons' spiking activity in monkey motor cortex at rest and show the differences from spontaneous and task- or stimulus-induced movement conditions. We also distinguish between rest with open eyes and sleepy rest with eyes closed. The resting state with open eyes shows a significantly higher dimensionality, reduced firing rates, and less balance between population level excitation and inhibition than behavior-related states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Anna Dąbrowska
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-6 and INM-10) and Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-6), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - Nicole Voges
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-6 and INM-10) and Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-6), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich 52425, Germany.,RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52062, Germany
| | - Michael von Papen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-6 and INM-10) and Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-6), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - Junji Ito
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-6 and INM-10) and Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-6), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - David Dahmen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-6 and INM-10) and Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-6), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - Alexa Riehle
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, CNRS-AMU, Marseille 13005, France.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-6 and INM-10) and Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-6), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - Thomas Brochier
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, CNRS-AMU, Marseille 13005, France
| | - Sonja Grün
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-6 and INM-10) and Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-6), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich 52425, Germany.,Theoretical Systems Neurobiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52056, Germany
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10
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The small scale functional topology of movement control: Hierarchical organization of local activity anticipates movement generation in the premotor cortex of primates. Neuroimage 2020; 207:116354. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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11
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Stella A, Quaglio P, Torre E, Grün S. 3d-SPADE: Significance evaluation of spatio-temporal patterns of various temporal extents. Biosystems 2019; 185:104022. [PMID: 31449837 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2019.104022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The Spike Pattern Detection and Evaluation (SPADE) analysis is a method to find reoccurring spike patterns in parallel spike train data, and to determine their statistical significance. Here we introduce an extension of the original statistical testing procedure which explicitly accounts for the temporal duration of the patterns. The extension improves the performance in the presence of patterns with different durations, as here demonstrated by application to various synthetic data. We further introduce an implementation of SPADE in form of a sub-module of the Python library Elephant (ELEctroPHysiological ANalysis Toolkit). The code is made publicly available on GitHub, together with detailed documentation, tutorials, and the results presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Stella
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-6) and Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-6), JARA Brain Inst I (INM-10), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany; Theoretical Systems Neurobiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Pietro Quaglio
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-6) and Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-6), JARA Brain Inst I (INM-10), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany; Theoretical Systems Neurobiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Emiliano Torre
- Chair of Risk, Safety and Uncertainty Quantification, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Risk Lab, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Grün
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-6) and Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-6), JARA Brain Inst I (INM-10), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany; Theoretical Systems Neurobiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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12
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He Z. Cellular and Network Mechanisms for Temporal Signal Propagation in a Cortical Network Model. Front Comput Neurosci 2019; 13:57. [PMID: 31507397 PMCID: PMC6718730 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2019.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying an effective propagation of high intensity information over a background of irregular firing and response latency in cognitive processes remain unclear. Here we propose a SSCCPI circuit to address this issue. We hypothesize that when a high-intensity thalamic input triggers synchronous spike events (SSEs), dense spikes are scattered to many receiving neurons within a cortical column in layer IV, many sparse spike trains are propagated in parallel along minicolumns at a substantially high speed and finally integrated into an output spike train toward or in layer Va. We derive the sufficient conditions for an effective (fast, reliable, and precise) SSCCPI circuit: (i) SSEs are asynchronous (near synchronous); (ii) cortical columns prevent both repeatedly triggering SSEs and incorrectly synaptic connections between adjacent columns; and (iii) the propagator in interneurons is temporally complete fidelity and reliable. We encode the membrane potential responses to stimuli using the non-linear autoregressive integrated process derived by applying Newton's second law to stochastic resilience systems. We introduce a multithreshold decoder to correct encoding errors. Evidence supporting an effective SSCCPI circuit includes that for the condition, (i) time delay enhances SSEs, suggesting that response latency induces SSEs in high-intensity stimuli; irregular firing causes asynchronous SSEs; asynchronous SSEs relate to healthy neurons; and rigorous SSEs relate to brain disorders. For the condition (ii) neurons within a given minicolumn are stereotypically interconnected in the vertical dimension, which prevents repeated triggering SSEs and ensures signal parallel propagation; columnar segregation avoids incorrect synaptic connections between adjacent columns; and signal propagation across layers overwhelmingly prefers columnar direction. For the condition (iii), accumulating experimental evidence supports temporal transfer precision with millisecond fidelity and reliability in interneurons; homeostasis supports a stable fixed-point encoder by regulating changes to synaptic size, synaptic strength, and ion channel function in the membrane; together all-or-none modulation, active backpropagation, additive effects of graded potentials, and response variability functionally support the multithreshold decoder; our simulations demonstrate that the encoder-decoder is temporally complete fidelity and reliable in special intervals contained within the stable fixed-point range. Hence, the SSCCPI circuit provides a possible mechanism of effective signal propagation in cortical networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonglu He
- Faculty of Management and Economics, Kaetsu University, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Senk J, Carde C, Hagen E, Kuhlen TW, Diesmann M, Weyers B. VIOLA-A Multi-Purpose and Web-Based Visualization Tool for Neuronal-Network Simulation Output. Front Neuroinform 2018; 12:75. [PMID: 30467469 PMCID: PMC6236002 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2018.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal network models and corresponding computer simulations are invaluable tools to aid the interpretation of the relationship between neuron properties, connectivity, and measured activity in cortical tissue. Spatiotemporal patterns of activity propagating across the cortical surface as observed experimentally can for example be described by neuronal network models with layered geometry and distance-dependent connectivity. In order to cover the surface area captured by today's experimental techniques and to achieve sufficient self-consistency, such models contain millions of nerve cells. The interpretation of the resulting stream of multi-modal and multi-dimensional simulation data calls for integrating interactive visualization steps into existing simulation-analysis workflows. Here, we present a set of interactive visualization concepts called views for the visual analysis of activity data in topological network models, and a corresponding reference implementation VIOLA (VIsualization Of Layer Activity). The software is a lightweight, open-source, web-based, and platform-independent application combining and adapting modern interactive visualization paradigms, such as coordinated multiple views, for massively parallel neurophysiological data. For a use-case demonstration we consider spiking activity data of a two-population, layered point-neuron network model incorporating distance-dependent connectivity subject to a spatially confined excitation originating from an external population. With the multiple coordinated views, an explorative and qualitative assessment of the spatiotemporal features of neuronal activity can be performed upfront of a detailed quantitative data analysis of specific aspects of the data. Interactive multi-view analysis therefore assists existing data analysis workflows. Furthermore, ongoing efforts including the European Human Brain Project aim at providing online user portals for integrated model development, simulation, analysis, and provenance tracking, wherein interactive visual analysis tools are one component. Browser-compatible, web-technology based solutions are therefore required. Within this scope, with VIOLA we provide a first prototype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Senk
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-6), Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-6), JARA Institute Brain Structure-Function Relationships (INM-10), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany
| | - Corto Carde
- Visual Computing Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- JARA - High-Performance Computing, Aachen, Germany
- IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire, Brest, France
| | - Espen Hagen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-6), Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-6), JARA Institute Brain Structure-Function Relationships (INM-10), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torsten W. Kuhlen
- Visual Computing Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- JARA - High-Performance Computing, Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus Diesmann
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-6), Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-6), JARA Institute Brain Structure-Function Relationships (INM-10), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Faculty 1, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Weyers
- Visual Computing Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- JARA - High-Performance Computing, Aachen, Germany
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14
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Massively parallel recordings in macaque motor cortex during an instructed delayed reach-to-grasp task. Sci Data 2018; 5:180055. [PMID: 29633986 PMCID: PMC5892370 DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2018.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We publish two electrophysiological datasets recorded in motor cortex of two macaque monkeys during an instructed delayed reach-to-grasp task, using chronically implanted 10-by-10 Utah electrode arrays. We provide a) raw neural signals (sampled at 30 kHz), b) time stamps and spike waveforms of offline sorted single and multi units (93/49 and 156/19 SUA/MUA for the two monkeys, respectively), c) trial events and the monkey’s behavior, and d) extensive metadata hierarchically structured via the odML metadata framework (including quality assessment post-processing steps, such as trial rejections). The dataset of one monkey contains a simultaneously saved record of the local field potential (LFP) sampled at 1 kHz. To load the datasets in Python, we provide code based on the Neo data framework that produces a data structure which is annotated with relevant metadata. We complement this loading routine with an example code demonstrating how to access the data objects (e.g., raw signals) contained in such structures. For Matlab users, we provide the annotated data structures as mat files.
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15
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Quaglio P, Rostami V, Torre E, Grün S. Methods for identification of spike patterns in massively parallel spike trains. BIOLOGICAL CYBERNETICS 2018; 112:57-80. [PMID: 29651582 PMCID: PMC5908877 DOI: 10.1007/s00422-018-0755-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Temporally, precise correlations between simultaneously recorded neurons have been interpreted as signatures of cell assemblies, i.e., groups of neurons that form processing units. Evidence for this hypothesis was found on the level of pairwise correlations in simultaneous recordings of few neurons. Increasing the number of simultaneously recorded neurons increases the chances to detect cell assembly activity due to the larger sample size. Recent technological advances have enabled the recording of 100 or more neurons in parallel. However, these massively parallel spike train data require novel statistical tools to be analyzed for correlations, because they raise considerable combinatorial and multiple testing issues. Recently, various of such methods have started to develop. First approaches were based on population or pairwise measures of synchronization, and later led to methods for the detection of various types of higher-order synchronization and of spatio-temporal patterns. The latest techniques combine data mining with analysis of statistical significance. Here, we give a comparative overview of these methods, of their assumptions and of the types of correlations they can detect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Quaglio
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-6) and Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-6), JARA Institute Brain Structure-Function Relationships (INM-10), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Vahid Rostami
- Computational Systems Neuroscience, Institute for Zoology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Emiliano Torre
- Chair of Risk, Safety and Uncertainty Quantification, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Risk Center, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Grün
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-6) and Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-6), JARA Institute Brain Structure-Function Relationships (INM-10), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany
- Theoretical Systems Neurobiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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16
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Denker M, Zehl L, Kilavik BE, Diesmann M, Brochier T, Riehle A, Grün S. LFP beta amplitude is linked to mesoscopic spatio-temporal phase patterns. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5200. [PMID: 29581430 PMCID: PMC5980111 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22990-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta oscillations observed in motor cortical local field potentials (LFPs) recorded on separate electrodes of a multi-electrode array have been shown to exhibit non-zero phase shifts that organize into planar waves. Here, we generalize this concept to additional classes of salient patterns that fully describe the spatial organization of beta oscillations. During a delayed reach-to-grasp task we distinguish planar, synchronized, random, circular, and radial phase patterns in monkey primary motor and dorsal premotor cortices. We observe that patterns correlate with the beta amplitude (envelope): Coherent planar/radial wave propagation accelerates with growing amplitude, and synchronized patterns are observed at largest amplitudes. In contrast, incoherent random or circular patterns are observed almost exclusively when beta is strongly attenuated. The occurrence probability of a particular pattern modulates with behavioral epochs in the same way as beta amplitude: Coherent patterns are more present during movement preparation where amplitudes are large, while incoherent phase patterns are dominant during movement execution where amplitudes are small. Thus, we uncover a trigonal link between the spatial arrangement of beta phases, beta amplitude, and behavior. Together with previous findings, we discuss predictions on the spatio-temporal organization of precisely coordinated spiking on the mesoscopic scale as a function of beta power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Denker
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-6) and Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-6) and JARA Institute Brain Structure-Function Relationships (INM-10), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Lyuba Zehl
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-6) and Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-6) and JARA Institute Brain Structure-Function Relationships (INM-10), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany
| | - Bjørg E Kilavik
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (INT), CNRS-Aix-Marseille University, UMR 7289, Marseille, France
| | - Markus Diesmann
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-6) and Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-6) and JARA Institute Brain Structure-Function Relationships (INM-10), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Physics, Faculty 1, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Brochier
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (INT), CNRS-Aix-Marseille University, UMR 7289, Marseille, France
| | - Alexa Riehle
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-6) and Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-6) and JARA Institute Brain Structure-Function Relationships (INM-10), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (INT), CNRS-Aix-Marseille University, UMR 7289, Marseille, France
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako City, Japan
| | - Sonja Grün
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-6) and Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-6) and JARA Institute Brain Structure-Function Relationships (INM-10), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako City, Japan
- Theoretical Systems Neurobiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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17
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Kass RE, Amari SI, Arai K, Brown EN, Diekman CO, Diesmann M, Doiron B, Eden UT, Fairhall AL, Fiddyment GM, Fukai T, Grün S, Harrison MT, Helias M, Nakahara H, Teramae JN, Thomas PJ, Reimers M, Rodu J, Rotstein HG, Shea-Brown E, Shimazaki H, Shinomoto S, Yu BM, Kramer MA. Computational Neuroscience: Mathematical and Statistical Perspectives. ANNUAL REVIEW OF STATISTICS AND ITS APPLICATION 2018; 5:183-214. [PMID: 30976604 PMCID: PMC6454918 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-statistics-041715-033733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Mathematical and statistical models have played important roles in neuroscience, especially by describing the electrical activity of neurons recorded individually, or collectively across large networks. As the field moves forward rapidly, new challenges are emerging. For maximal effectiveness, those working to advance computational neuroscience will need to appreciate and exploit the complementary strengths of mechanistic theory and the statistical paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Kass
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 15213;
| | - Shun-Ichi Amari
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama Prefecture, Japan, 351-0198
| | | | - Emery N Brown
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02139
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115
| | | | - Markus Diesmann
- Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany, 52428
- RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany, 52062
| | - Brent Doiron
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 15260
| | - Uri T Eden
- Boston University, Boston, MA, USA, 02215
| | | | | | - Tomoki Fukai
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama Prefecture, Japan, 351-0198
| | - Sonja Grün
- Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany, 52428
- RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany, 52062
| | | | - Moritz Helias
- Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany, 52428
- RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany, 52062
| | - Hiroyuki Nakahara
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama Prefecture, Japan, 351-0198
| | | | - Peter J Thomas
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA, 44106
| | - Mark Reimers
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA, 48824
| | - Jordan Rodu
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 15213;
| | | | | | - Hideaki Shimazaki
- Honda Research Institute Japan, Wako, Saitama Prefecture, Japan, 351-0188
- Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan, 606-8502
| | | | - Byron M Yu
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 15213;
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18
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Cessac B, Kornprobst P, Kraria S, Nasser H, Pamplona D, Portelli G, Viéville T. PRANAS: A New Platform for Retinal Analysis and Simulation. Front Neuroinform 2017; 11:49. [PMID: 28919854 PMCID: PMC5585572 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2017.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The retina encodes visual scenes by trains of action potentials that are sent to the brain via the optic nerve. In this paper, we describe a new free access user-end software allowing to better understand this coding. It is called PRANAS (https://pranas.inria.fr), standing for Platform for Retinal ANalysis And Simulation. PRANAS targets neuroscientists and modelers by providing a unique set of retina-related tools. PRANAS integrates a retina simulator allowing large scale simulations while keeping a strong biological plausibility and a toolbox for the analysis of spike train population statistics. The statistical method (entropy maximization under constraints) takes into account both spatial and temporal correlations as constraints, allowing to analyze the effects of memory on statistics. PRANAS also integrates a tool computing and representing in 3D (time-space) receptive fields. All these tools are accessible through a friendly graphical user interface. The most CPU-costly of them have been implemented to run in parallel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Cessac
- Biovision Team, Inria, Université Côte d'AzurSophia Antipolis, France
| | - Pierre Kornprobst
- Biovision Team, Inria, Université Côte d'AzurSophia Antipolis, France
| | - Selim Kraria
- Biovision Team, Inria, Université Côte d'AzurSophia Antipolis, France
| | - Hassan Nasser
- Biovision Team, Inria, Université Côte d'AzurSophia Antipolis, France
| | - Daniela Pamplona
- Biovision Team, Inria, Université Côte d'AzurSophia Antipolis, France
| | - Geoffrey Portelli
- Biovision Team, Inria, Université Côte d'AzurSophia Antipolis, France
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19
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Quaglio P, Yegenoglu A, Torre E, Endres DM, Grün S. Detection and Evaluation of Spatio-Temporal Spike Patterns in Massively Parallel Spike Train Data with SPADE. Front Comput Neurosci 2017; 11:41. [PMID: 28596729 PMCID: PMC5443150 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2017.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeated, precise sequences of spikes are largely considered a signature of activation of cell assemblies. These repeated sequences are commonly known under the name of spatio-temporal patterns (STPs). STPs are hypothesized to play a role in the communication of information in the computational process operated by the cerebral cortex. A variety of statistical methods for the detection of STPs have been developed and applied to electrophysiological recordings, but such methods scale poorly with the current size of available parallel spike train recordings (more than 100 neurons). In this work, we introduce a novel method capable of overcoming the computational and statistical limits of existing analysis techniques in detecting repeating STPs within massively parallel spike trains (MPST). We employ advanced data mining techniques to efficiently extract repeating sequences of spikes from the data. Then, we introduce and compare two alternative approaches to distinguish statistically significant patterns from chance sequences. The first approach uses a measure known as conceptual stability, of which we investigate a computationally cheap approximation for applications to such large data sets. The second approach is based on the evaluation of pattern statistical significance. In particular, we provide an extension to STPs of a method we recently introduced for the evaluation of statistical significance of synchronous spike patterns. The performance of the two approaches is evaluated in terms of computational load and statistical power on a variety of artificial data sets that replicate specific features of experimental data. Both methods provide an effective and robust procedure for detection of STPs in MPST data. The method based on significance evaluation shows the best overall performance, although at a higher computational cost. We name the novel procedure the spatio-temporal Spike PAttern Detection and Evaluation (SPADE) analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Quaglio
- Jülich Research Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-6) and Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-6), JARA Brain Institute IJülich, Germany
| | - Alper Yegenoglu
- Jülich Research Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-6) and Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-6), JARA Brain Institute IJülich, Germany
| | - Emiliano Torre
- Chair of Risk, Safety and Uncertainty Quantification, ETH ZurichZurich, Switzerland.,Risk Center, ETH ZurichZurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominik M Endres
- Theoretical Neuroscience Group, Department of Psychology, Philipps-UniversitätMarburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Grün
- Jülich Research Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-6) and Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-6), JARA Brain Institute IJülich, Germany.,Theoretical Systems Neurobiology, RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen, Germany
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20
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Russo E, Durstewitz D. Cell assemblies at multiple time scales with arbitrary lag constellations. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28074777 PMCID: PMC5226654 DOI: 10.7554/elife.19428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hebb's idea of a cell assembly as the fundamental unit of neural information processing has dominated neuroscience like no other theoretical concept within the past 60 years. A range of different physiological phenomena, from precisely synchronized spiking to broadly simultaneous rate increases, has been subsumed under this term. Yet progress in this area is hampered by the lack of statistical tools that would enable to extract assemblies with arbitrary constellations of time lags, and at multiple temporal scales, partly due to the severe computational burden. Here we present such a unifying methodological and conceptual framework which detects assembly structure at many different time scales, levels of precision, and with arbitrary internal organization. Applying this methodology to multiple single unit recordings from various cortical areas, we find that there is no universal cortical coding scheme, but that assembly structure and precision significantly depends on the brain area recorded and ongoing task demands. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.19428.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Russo
- Department of Theoretical Neuroscience, Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Central Institute for Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Daniel Durstewitz
- Department of Theoretical Neuroscience, Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Central Institute for Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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21
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Shahi M, van Vreeswijk C, Pipa G. Serial Spike Time Correlations Affect Probability Distribution of Joint Spike Events. Front Comput Neurosci 2017; 10:139. [PMID: 28066225 PMCID: PMC5180579 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2016.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Detecting the existence of temporally coordinated spiking activity, and its role in information processing in the cortex, has remained a major challenge for neuroscience research. Different methods and approaches have been suggested to test whether the observed synchronized events are significantly different from those expected by chance. To analyze the simultaneous spike trains for precise spike correlation, these methods typically model the spike trains as a Poisson process implying that the generation of each spike is independent of all the other spikes. However, studies have shown that neural spike trains exhibit dependence among spike sequences, such as the absolute and relative refractory periods which govern the spike probability of the oncoming action potential based on the time of the last spike, or the bursting behavior, which is characterized by short epochs of rapid action potentials, followed by longer episodes of silence. Here we investigate non-renewal processes with the inter-spike interval distribution model that incorporates spike-history dependence of individual neurons. For that, we use the Monte Carlo method to estimate the full shape of the coincidence count distribution and to generate false positives for coincidence detection. The results show that compared to the distributions based on homogeneous Poisson processes, and also non-Poisson processes, the width of the distribution of joint spike events changes. Non-renewal processes can lead to both heavy tailed or narrow coincidence distribution. We conclude that small differences in the exact autostructure of the point process can cause large differences in the width of a coincidence distribution. Therefore, manipulations of the autostructure for the estimation of significance of joint spike events seem to be inadequate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Shahi
- Department of Neuroinformatics, Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Carl van Vreeswijk
- Centre de Neurophysique, Physiologie et Pathologie, Université René Descartes Paris, France
| | - Gordon Pipa
- Department of Neuroinformatics, Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück Osnabrück, Germany
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