1
|
Zhang M, Zhi N, Feng J, Liu Y, Zhang M, Liu D, Yuan J, Dong Y, Jiang S, Ge J, Wu S, Zhao X. ITPR2 Mediated Calcium Homeostasis in Oligodendrocytes is Essential for Myelination and Involved in Depressive-Like Behavior in Adolescent Mice. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306498. [PMID: 38476116 PMCID: PMC11132048 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Ca2+ signaling is essential for oligodendrocyte (OL) development and myelin formation. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 (ITPR2) is an endoplasmic reticulum calcium channel and shows stage-dependent high levels in postmitotic oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). The role and potential mechanism of ITPR2 in OLs remain unclear. In this study, it is revealed that loss of Itpr2 in OLs disturbs Ca2+ homeostasis and inhibits myelination in adolescent mice. Animals with OL-specific deletion of Itpr2 exhibit anxiety/depressive-like behaviors and manifest with interrupted OPC proliferation, leading to fewer mature OLs in the brain. Detailed transcriptome profiling and signal pathway analysis suggest that MAPK/ERK-CDK6/cyclin D1 axis underlies the interfered cell cycle progression in Itpr2 ablated OPCs. Besides, blocking MAPK/ERK pathway significantly improves the delayed OPC differentiation and myelination in Itpr2 mutant. Notably, the resting [Ca2+]i is increased in Itpr2 ablated OPCs, with the elevation of several plasma calcium channels. Antagonists against these plasma calcium channels can normalize the resting [Ca2+]i level and enhance lineage progression in Itpr2-ablated OPCs. Together, the findings reveal novel insights for calcium homeostasis in manipulating developmental transition from OPCs to pre-OLs; additionally, the involvement of OLs-originated ITPR2 in depressive behaviors provides new therapeutic strategies to alleviate myelin-associated psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Department of NeuroscienceAir Force Medical UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
| | - Na Zhi
- Department of NeuroscienceAir Force Medical UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
- College of Life SciencesNorthwest UniversityXi'an710127P. R. China
| | - Jiaxiang Feng
- Department of NeuroscienceAir Force Medical UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
| | - Yingqi Liu
- Department of NeuroscienceAir Force Medical UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
| | - Meixia Zhang
- School of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
| | - Dingxi Liu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Medical CollegeXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710061P. R. China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Department of NeuroscienceAir Force Medical UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
- College of Life SciencesNorthwest UniversityXi'an710127P. R. China
| | - Yuhao Dong
- Department of NeuroscienceAir Force Medical UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
| | - Sufang Jiang
- Department of NeuroscienceAir Force Medical UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
| | - Junye Ge
- Department of NeuroscienceAir Force Medical UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
| | - Shengxi Wu
- Department of NeuroscienceAir Force Medical UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
| | - Xianghui Zhao
- Department of NeuroscienceAir Force Medical UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Oprea L, Desjardins N, Jiang X, Sareen K, Zheng JQ, Khadra A. Characterizing spontaneous Ca 2+ local transients in OPCs using computational modeling. Biophys J 2022; 121:4419-4432. [PMID: 36352783 PMCID: PMC9748374 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous Ca2+ local transients (SCaLTs) in isolated oligodendrocyte precursor cells are largely regulated by the following fluxes: store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), Na+/Ca2+ exchange, Ca2+ pumping through Ca2+-ATPases, and Ca2+-induced Ca2+-release through ryanodine receptors and inositol-trisphosphate receptors. However, the relative contributions of these fluxes in mediating fast spiking and the slow baseline oscillations seen in SCaLTs remain incompletely understood. Here, we developed a stochastic spatiotemporal computational model to simulate SCaLTs in a homogeneous medium with ionic flow between the extracellular, cytoplasmic, and endoplasmic-reticulum compartments. By simulating the model and plotting both the histograms of SCaLTs obtained experimentally and from the model as well as the standard deviation of inter-SCaLT intervals against inter-SCaLT interval averages of multiple model and experimental realizations, we revealed the following: (1) SCaLTs exhibit very similar characteristics between the two data sets, (2) they are mostly random, (3) they encode information in their frequency, and (4) their slow baseline oscillations could be due to the stochastic slow clustering of inositol-trisphosphate receptors (modeled as an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck noise process). Bifurcation analysis of a deterministic temporal version of the model showed that the contribution of fluxes to SCaLTs depends on the parameter regime and that the combination of excitability, stochasticity, and mixed-mode oscillations are responsible for irregular spiking and doublets in SCaLTs. Additionally, our results demonstrated that blocking each flux reduces SCaLTs' frequency and that the reverse (forward) mode of Na+/Ca2+ exchange decreases (increases) SCaLTs. Taken together, these results provide a quantitative framework for SCaLT formation in oligodendrocyte precursor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Oprea
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Xiaoyu Jiang
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kushagra Sareen
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - James Q Zheng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Anmar Khadra
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hammel G, Zivkovic S, Ayazi M, Ren Y. Consequences and mechanisms of myelin debris uptake and processing by cells in the central nervous system. Cell Immunol 2022; 380:104591. [PMID: 36030093 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) disorders and trauma involving changes to the neuronal myelin sheath have long been a topic of great interest. One common pathological change in these diseases is the generation of myelin debris resulting from the breakdown of the myelin sheath. Myelin debris contains many inflammatory and neurotoxic factors that inhibit remyelination and make its clearance a prerequisite for healing in CNS disorders. Many professional and semiprofessional phagocytes participate in the clearance of myelin debris in the CNS. These cells use various mechanisms for the uptake of myelin debris, and each cell type produces its own unique set of pathologic consequences resulting from the debris uptake. Examining these cells' phagocytosis of myelin debris will contribute to a more complete understanding of CNS disease pathogenesis and help us conceptualize how the necessary clearance of myelin debris must be balanced with the detrimental consequences brought about by its clearance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace Hammel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States.
| | - Sandra Zivkovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States.
| | - Maryam Ayazi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States.
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Oscillatory calcium release and sustained store-operated oscillatory calcium signaling prevents differentiation of human oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6160. [PMID: 35418597 PMCID: PMC9007940 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10095-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous remyelination in demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis is contingent upon the successful differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). Signaling via the Gαq-coupled muscarinic receptor (M1/3R) inhibits human OPC differentiation and impairs endogenous remyelination in experimental models. We hypothesized that calcium release following Gαq-coupled receptor (GqR) activation directly regulates human OPC (hOPC) cell fate. In this study, we show that specific GqR agonists activating muscarinic and metabotropic glutamate receptors induce characteristic oscillatory calcium release in hOPCs and that these agonists similarly block hOPC maturation in vitro. Both agonists induce calcium release from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stores and store operated calcium entry (SOCE) likely via STIM/ORAI-based channels. siRNA mediated knockdown (KD) of obligate calcium sensors STIM1 and STIM2 decreased the magnitude of muscarinic agonist induced oscillatory calcium release and attenuated SOCE in hOPCs. In addition, STIM2 expression was necessary to maintain the frequency of calcium oscillations and STIM2 KD reduced spontaneous OPC differentiation. Furthermore, STIM2 siRNA prevented the effects of muscarinic agonist treatment on OPC differentiation suggesting that SOCE is necessary for the anti-differentiative action of muscarinic receptor-dependent signaling. Finally, using a gain-of-function approach with an optogenetic STIM lentivirus, we demonstrate that independent activation of SOCE was sufficient to significantly block hOPC differentiation and this occurred in a frequency dependent manner while increasing hOPC proliferation. These findings suggest that intracellular calcium oscillations directly regulate hOPC fate and that modulation of calcium oscillation frequency may overcome inhibitory Gαq-coupled signaling that impairs myelin repair.
Collapse
|
5
|
Savadipour A, Nims RJ, Katz DB, Guilak F. Regulation of chondrocyte biosynthetic activity by dynamic hydrostatic pressure: the role of TRP channels. Connect Tissue Res 2022; 63:69-81. [PMID: 33494617 PMCID: PMC10061443 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2020.1871475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chondrocytes perceive and respond to mechanical loading as signals that regulate their metabolism. Joint loading exposes chondrocytes to multiple modes of mechanical stress, including hydrostatic pressure; however, the mechanisms by which chondrocytes sense physiologically relevant levels of hydrostatic pressure are not well understood. We hypothesized that hydrostatic pressure is transduced to an intracellular signal through mechanosensitive membrane ion channels of chondrocytes. The goals of this study were to examine the effect of hydrostatic loading on the development of engineered cartilage tissue and the contribution of mechanosensitive ion channels on these hydrostatic loading effects. METHODS Using a 3D model of porcine chondrocytes in agarose, we applied specific chemical inhibitors to determine the role of transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels TRPV1, TRPV4, TRPC3, and TRPC1 in transducing hydrostatic pressure. RESULTS Hydrostatic loading caused a frequency and magnitude-dependent decrease in sulfated glycosaminoglycans (S-GAG), without changes in DNA content. Inhibiting TRPC3 and TRPV4 decreased S-GAG content; however, only the inhibition of TRPV1 partially attenuated the hydrostatic loading-induced reduction in S-GAG content. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that TRPV1 may serve as a transducer of hydrostatic pressure in chondrocytes, and provide further support for the role of TRPV4 in regulating chondrocyte anabolism, as well as initial evidence implicating TRPC3 in chondrogenesis. These findings add to our further understanding of the chondrocyte "channelome" and suggest that a range of ion channels mediate the transduction of different biophysical stimuli such as hydrostatic pressure, membrane stretch, or osmotic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Savadipour
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robert J Nims
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dakota B Katz
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Latoszek E, Czeredys M. Molecular Components of Store-Operated Calcium Channels in the Regulation of Neural Stem Cell Physiology, Neurogenesis, and the Pathology of Huntington's Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:657337. [PMID: 33869222 PMCID: PMC8047111 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.657337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major Ca2+ signaling pathways is store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), which is responsible for Ca2+ flow into cells in response to the depletion of endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ stores. SOCE and its molecular components, including stromal interaction molecule proteins, Orai Ca2+ channels, and transient receptor potential canonical channels, are involved in the physiology of neural stem cells and play a role in their proliferation, differentiation, and neurogenesis. This suggests that Ca2+ signaling is an important player in brain development. Huntington’s disease (HD) is an incurable neurodegenerative disorder that is caused by polyglutamine expansion in the huntingtin (HTT) protein, characterized by the loss of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the striatum. However, recent research has shown that HD is also a neurodevelopmental disorder and Ca2+ signaling is dysregulated in HD. The relationship between HD pathology and elevations of SOCE was demonstrated in different cellular and mouse models of HD and in induced pluripotent stem cell-based GABAergic MSNs from juvenile- and adult-onset HD patient fibroblasts. The present review discusses the role of SOCE in the physiology of neural stem cells and its dysregulation in HD pathology. It has been shown that elevated expression of STIM2 underlying the excessive Ca2+ entry through store-operated calcium channels in induced pluripotent stem cell-based MSNs from juvenile-onset HD. In the light of the latest findings regarding the role of Ca2+ signaling in HD pathology we also summarize recent progress in the in vitro differentiation of MSNs that derive from different cell sources. We discuss advances in the application of established protocols to obtain MSNs from fetal neural stem cells/progenitor cells, embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and induced neural stem cells and the application of transdifferentiation. We also present recent progress in establishing HD brain organoids and their potential use for examining HD pathology and its treatment. Moreover, the significance of stem cell therapy to restore normal neural cell function, including Ca2+ signaling in the central nervous system in HD patients will be considered. The transplantation of MSNs or their precursors remains a promising treatment strategy for HD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Latoszek
- Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Czeredys
- Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ohashi K, Shibasaki K, Nakazawa H, Kunimasa R, Nagayasu K, Shirakawa H, Kaneko S. Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 3 Is Functionally Expressed in Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells and Is Upregulated in Ischemic Demyelinated Lesions. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:181-187. [PMID: 33518671 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are glial cells that differentiate into oligodendrocytes and myelinate axons. The number of OPCs is reportedly increased in brain lesions in some demyelinating diseases and during ischemia; however, these cells also secrete cytokines and elicit both protective and deleterious effects in response to brain injury. The mechanism regulating the behaviors of OPCs in physiological and pathological conditions must be elucidated to control these cells and to treat demyelinating diseases. Here, we focused on transient receptor potential melastatin 3 (TRPM3), a Ca2+-permeable channel that is activated by the neurosteroid pregnenolone sulfate (PS) and body temperature. Trpm3+/Pdgfra+ OPCs were detected in the cerebral cortex (CTX) and corpus callosum (CC) of P4 and adult rats by in situ hybridization. Trpm3 expression was detected in primary cultured rat OPCs and was increased by treatment with tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). Application of PS (30-100 µM) increased the Ca2+ concentration in OPCs and this effect was inhibited by co-treatment with the TRP channel blocker Gd3+ (100 µM) or the TRPM3 inhibitor isosakuranetin (10 µM). Stimulation of TRPM3 with PS (50 µM) did not affect the differentiation or migration of OPCs. The number of Trpm3+ OPCs was markedly increased in demyelinated lesions in an endothelin-1 (ET-1)-induced ischemic rat model. In conclusion, TRPM3 is functionally expressed in OPCs in vivo and in vitro and is upregulated in inflammatory conditions such as ischemic insults and TNFα treatment, implying that TRPM3 is involved in the regulation of specific behaviors of OPCs in pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kana Ohashi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Koji Shibasaki
- Division of Neurochemistry, Graduate School of Human Health Science, University of Nagasaki
| | - Hayaki Nakazawa
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Ryotaro Kunimasa
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Kazuki Nagayasu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Hisashi Shirakawa
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Shuji Kaneko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Serwach K, Gruszczynska-Biegala J. Target Molecules of STIM Proteins in the Central Nervous System. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:617422. [PMID: 33424550 PMCID: PMC7786003 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.617422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stromal interaction molecules (STIMs), including STIM1 and STIM2, are single-pass transmembrane proteins that are located predominantly in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). They serve as calcium ion (Ca2+) sensors within the ER. In the central nervous system (CNS), they are involved mainly in Orai-mediated store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). The key molecular components of the SOCE pathway are well-characterized, but the molecular mechanisms that underlie the regulation of this pathway need further investigation. Numerous intracellular target proteins that are located in the plasma membrane, ER, cytoskeleton, and cytoplasm have been reported to play essential roles in concert with STIMs, such as conformational changes in STIMs, their translocation, the stabilization of their interactions with Orai, and the activation of other channels. The present review focuses on numerous regulators, such as Homer, SOCE-associated regulatory factor (SARAF), septin, synaptopodin, golli proteins, partner of STIM1 (POST), and transcription factors and proteasome inhibitors that regulate STIM-Orai interactions in the CNS. Further we describe novel roles of STIMs in mediating Ca2+ influx via other than Orai pathways, including TRPC channels, VGCCs, AMPA and NMDA receptors, and group I metabotropic glutamate receptors. This review also summarizes recent findings on additional molecular targets of STIM proteins including SERCA, IP3Rs, end-binding proteins (EB), presenilin, and CaMKII. Dysregulation of the SOCE-associated toolkit, including STIMs, contributes to the development of neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease), traumatic brain injury, epilepsy, and stroke. Emerging evidence points to the role of STIM proteins and several of their molecular effectors and regulators in neuronal and glial physiology and pathology, suggesting their potential application for future therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Serwach
- Molecular Biology Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sun Y, Nascimento Da Conceicao V, Ahamad N, Madesh M, Singh BB. Spatial localization of SOCE channels and its modulators regulate neuronal physiology and contributes to pathology. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
10
|
Roles of TRP Channels in Neurological Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:7289194. [PMID: 32963700 PMCID: PMC7492880 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7289194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) proteins consist of a superfamily of cation channels that have been involved in diverse physiological processes in the brain as well as in the pathogenesis of neurological disease. TRP channels are widely expressed in the brain, including neurons and glial cells, as well as in the cerebral vascular endothelium and smooth muscle. Members of this channel superfamily show a wide variety of mechanisms ranging from ligand binding to voltage, physical, and chemical stimuli, implying the promising therapeutic potential of TRP in neurological diseases. In this review, we focus on the physiological functions of TRP channels in the brain and the pathological roles in neurological disorders to explore future potential neuroprotective strategies.
Collapse
|
11
|
Strategies for Neuroprotection in Multiple Sclerosis and the Role of Calcium. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051663. [PMID: 32121306 PMCID: PMC7084497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium ions are vital for maintaining the physiological and biochemical processes inside cells. The central nervous system (CNS) is particularly dependent on calcium homeostasis and its dysregulation has been associated with several neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Huntington’s disease (HD), as well as with multiple sclerosis (MS). Hence, the modulation of calcium influx into the cells and the targeting of calcium-mediated signaling pathways may present a promising therapeutic approach for these diseases. This review provides an overview on calcium channels in neurons and glial cells. Special emphasis is put on MS, a chronic autoimmune disease of the CNS. While the initial relapsing-remitting stage of MS can be treated effectively with immune modulatory and immunosuppressive drugs, the subsequent progressive stage has remained largely untreatable. Here we summarize several approaches that have been and are currently being tested for their neuroprotective capacities in MS and we discuss which role calcium could play in this regard.
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Cells of the oligodendrocyte lineage express a wide range of Ca2+ channels and receptors that regulate oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) and oligodendrocyte formation and function. Here we define those key channels and receptors that regulate Ca2+ signaling and OPC development and myelination. We then discuss how the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ in turn affects OPC and oligodendrocyte biology in the healthy nervous system and under pathological conditions. Activation of Ca2+ channels and receptors in OPCs and oligodendrocytes by neurotransmitters converges on regulating intracellular Ca2+, making Ca2+ signaling a central candidate mediator of activity-driven myelination. Indeed, recent evidence indicates that localized changes in Ca2+ in oligodendrocytes can regulate the formation and remodeling of myelin sheaths and perhaps additional functions of oligodendrocytes and OPCs. Thus, decoding how OPCs and myelinating oligodendrocytes integrate and process Ca2+ signals will be important to fully understand central nervous system formation, health, and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo M Paez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA;
| | - David A Lyons
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, and Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, United Kingdom;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Calcium Signaling in Neurons and Glial Cells: Role of Cav1 channels. Neuroscience 2019; 421:95-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
14
|
Velasco-Estevez M, Gadalla KKE, Liñan-Barba N, Cobb S, Dev KK, Sheridan GK. Inhibition of Piezo1 attenuates demyelination in the central nervous system. Glia 2019; 68:356-375. [PMID: 31596529 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Piezo1 is a mechanosensitive ion channel that facilitates the translation of extracellular mechanical cues to intracellular molecular signaling cascades through a process termed, mechanotransduction. In the central nervous system (CNS), mechanically gated ion channels are important regulators of neurodevelopmental processes such as axon guidance, neural stem cell differentiation, and myelination of axons by oligodendrocytes. Here, we present evidence that pharmacologically mediated overactivation of Piezo1 channels negatively regulates CNS myelination. Moreover, we found that the peptide GsMTx4, an antagonist of mechanosensitive cation channels such as Piezo1, is neuroprotective and prevents chemically induced demyelination. In contrast, the positive modulator of Piezo1 channel opening, Yoda-1, induces demyelination and neuronal damage. Using an ex vivo murine-derived organotypic cerebellar slice culture model, we demonstrate that GsMTx4 attenuates demyelination induced by the cytotoxic lipid, psychosine. Importantly, we confirmed the potential therapeutic effects of GsMTx4 peptide in vivo by co-administering it with lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), via stereotactic injection, into the cerebral cortex of adult mice. GsMTx4 prevented both demyelination and neuronal damage usually caused by the intracortical injection of LPC in vivo; a well-characterized model of focal demyelination. GsMTx4 also attenuated both LPC-induced astrocyte toxicity and microglial reactivity within the lesion core. Overall, our data suggest that pharmacological activation of Piezo1 channels induces demyelination and that inhibition of mechanosensitive channels, using GsMTx4, may alleviate the secondary progressive neurodegeneration often present in the latter stages of demyelinating diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Velasco-Estevez
- Drug Development, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Kamal K E Gadalla
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Núria Liñan-Barba
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Stuart Cobb
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kumlesh K Dev
- Drug Development, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Graham K Sheridan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK.,School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lamont H, Ille A, Amico-Ruvio SA. Identification of a novel variant of Golli myelin basic protein BG21 in the uniquely neuroprotective white-footed mouse. Neurosci Lett 2019; 701:8-13. [PMID: 30742937 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The myelin basic protein (MBP) gene is a complex gene which codes for several distinct forms of MBP. The various forms of MBP are functionally involved in the development of the nervous system, T-cell regulation, and myelination. Several neurological disorders have been linked to MBP abnormality, further demonstrating its functional significance in the nervous system. The white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) exhibits profound neuroprotective characteristics, is asymptomatic to various disease-states, and has a lifespan twice that of the house mouse (Mus musculus). We used M. musculus mouse MBP as a reference to explore MBP in P. leucopus mice. Through genetic and downstream proteomic data analysis, we identified a novel variant of the BG21 isoform of MBP in P. leucopus mice. Variation in this isoform is present at the genetic level between the two species of mice. Our results show differences within the open reading frame of the transcripts accompanied by corresponding differences in protein structure prediction. These data introduce the potential of MBP variation as one of many causal variables contributing to the unique presentation of enhanced neuroprotection and longevity in P. leucopus mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Lamont
- D'Youville College, 320 Porter Ave, Buffalo, NY, 14201, USA.
| | - Alexander Ille
- D'Youville College, 320 Porter Ave, Buffalo, NY, 14201, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cornillot M, Giacco V, Hamilton NB. The role of TRP channels in white matter function and ischaemia. Neurosci Lett 2018; 690:202-209. [PMID: 30366011 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) proteins are a large family of tetrameric non-selective cation channels that are widely expressed in the grey and white matter of the CNS, and are increasingly considered as potential therapeutic targets in brain disorders. Here we briefly review the evidence for TRP channel expression in glial cells and their possible role in both glial cell physiology and stroke. Despite their contribution to important functions, our understanding of the roles of TRP channels in glia is still in its infancy. The evidence reviewed here indicates that further investigation is needed to determine whether TRP channel inhibition can decrease damage or increase repair in stroke and other diseases affecting the white matter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Cornillot
- Wolfson Centre for Age Related Disease, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo Giacco
- Wolfson Centre for Age Related Disease, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola B Hamilton
- Wolfson Centre for Age Related Disease, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Muscarinic Receptor M 3R Signaling Prevents Efficient Remyelination by Human and Mouse Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells. J Neurosci 2018; 38:6921-6932. [PMID: 29959237 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1862-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscarinic receptor antagonists act as potent inducers of oligodendrocyte differentiation and accelerate remyelination. However, the use of muscarinic antagonists in the clinic is limited by poor understanding of the operant receptor subtype, and questions regarding possible species differences between rodents and humans. Based on high selective expression in human oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), we hypothesized that M3R is the functionally relevant receptor. Lentiviral M3R knockdown in human primary CD140a/PDGFαR+ OPCs resulted in enhanced differentiation in vitro and substantially reduced the calcium response following muscarinic agonist treatment. Importantly, following transplantation in hypomyelinating shiverer/rag2 mice, M3R knockdown improved remyelination by human OPCs. Furthermore, conditional M3R ablation in adult NG2-expressing OPCs increased oligodendrocyte differentiation and led to improved spontaneous remyelination in mice. Together, we demonstrate that M3R receptor mediates muscarinic signaling in human OPCs that act to delay differentiation and remyelination, suggesting that M3 receptors are viable targets for human demyelinating disease.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The identification of drug targets aimed at improving remyelination in patients with demyelination disease is a key step in development of effective regenerative therapies to treat diseases, such as multiple sclerosis. Muscarinic receptor antagonists have been identified as effective potentiators of remyelination, but the receptor subtypes that mediate these receptors are unclear. In this study, we show that genetic M3R ablation in both mouse and human cells results in improved remyelination and is mediated by acceleration of oligodendrocyte commitment from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Therefore, M3R represents an attractive target for induced remyelination in human disease.
Collapse
|
18
|
TRPV4 is functionally expressed in oligodendrocyte precursor cells and increases their proliferation. Pflugers Arch 2018; 470:705-716. [PMID: 29569183 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2130-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes, which differentiate from oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), ensheath axons with myelin, play an essential role in rapid conduction of action potentials and metabolically support neurons. Elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the proliferation, migration, differentiation, and survival of OPCs is considered indispensable for determining the causes of central nervous system diseases. However, the relationship between these functions of OPCs and their intracellular Ca2+ signaling has not been fully elucidated. Here, we investigated the function of transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), a Ca2+-permeable channel that responds to hypo-osmolarity, mild temperature, mechanical stimulation, and endogenous arachidonic acid metabolites, in OPCs. Trpv4 mRNA was detected in OPCs in vivo and in primary cultured rat OPCs. In Ca2+ imaging experiments, treatment with the selective TRPV4 agonist GSK1016790A induced sustained elevation of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration in OPCs in a concentration-dependent manner, which was almost completely suppressed by co-treatment with the selective TRPV4 antagonist HC067047. Stimulation of TRPV4 by GSK1016790A augmented OPC proliferation, which was abolished by co-treatment with HC067047, the intracellular Ca2+ chelator BAPTA-AM, and the protein kinase C inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide II. By contrast, GSK1016790A did not significantly affect the migration or differentiation of OPCs. Taken together, these results suggest that TRPV4 is functionally expressed in OPCs and increases the proliferation of these cells without affecting their ability to differentiate into oligodendrocytes.
Collapse
|
19
|
Göttle P, Manousi A, Kremer D, Reiche L, Hartung HP, Küry P. Teriflunomide promotes oligodendroglial differentiation and myelination. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:76. [PMID: 29534752 PMCID: PMC5851312 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1110-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) which in most cases initially presents with episodes of transient functional deficits (relapsing-remitting MS; RRMS) and eventually develops into a secondary progressive form (SPMS). Aside from neuroimmunological activities, MS is also characterized by neurodegenerative and regenerative processes. The latter involve the restoration of myelin sheaths-electrically insulating structures which are the primary targets of autoimmune attacks. Spontaneous endogenous remyelination takes place even in the adult CNS and is primarily mediated by activation, recruitment, and differentiation of resident oligodendroglial precursor cells (OPCs). However, the overall efficiency of remyelination is limited and further declines with disease duration and progression. From a therapeutic standpoint, it is therefore key to understand how oligodendroglial maturation can be modulated pharmacologically. Teriflunomide has been approved as a first-line treatment for RRMS in the USA and the European Union. As the active metabolite of leflunomide, an established disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug, it mainly acts via an inhibition of de novo pyrimidine synthesis exerting a cytostatic effect on proliferating B and T cells. METHODS We investigated teriflunomide-dependent effects on primary rat oligodendroglial homeostasis, proliferation, and differentiation related to cellular processes important for myelin repair hence CNS regeneration in vitro. To this end, several cellular parameters, including specific oligodendroglial maturation markers, in vitro myelination, and p53 family member signaling, were examined by means of gene/protein expression analyses. The rate of myelination was determined using neuron-oligodendrocyte co-cultures. RESULTS Low teriflunomide concentrations resulted in cell cycle exit while higher doses led to decreased cell survival. Short-term teriflunomide pulses can efficiently promote oligodendroglial cell differentiation suggesting that young, immature cells could benefit from such stimulation. In vitro myelination can be boosted by means of an early stimulation window with teriflunomide. p73 signaling is functionally involved in promoting OPC differentiation and myelination. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate a critical window of opportunity during which regenerative oligodendroglial activities including myelination of CNS axons can be stimulated by teriflunomide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Göttle
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Anastasia Manousi
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - David Kremer
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Laura Reiche
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hartung
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Patrick Küry
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Conditional Deletion of the L-Type Calcium Channel Cav1.2 in Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells Affects Postnatal Myelination in Mice. J Neurosci 2017; 36:10853-10869. [PMID: 27798140 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1770-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine whether L-type voltage-operated Ca2+ channels (L-VOCCs) are required for oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) development, we generated an inducible conditional knock-out mouse in which the L-VOCC isoform Cav1.2 was postnatally deleted in NG2-positive OPCs. A significant hypomyelination was found in the brains of the Cav1.2 conditional knock-out (Cav1.2KO) mice specifically when the Cav1.2 deletion was induced in OPCs during the first 2 postnatal weeks. A decrease in myelin proteins expression was visible in several brain structures, including the corpus callosum, cortex, and striatum, and the corpus callosum of Cav1.2KO animals showed an important decrease in the percentage of myelinated axons and a substantial increase in the mean g-ratio of myelinated axons. The reduced myelination was accompanied by an important decline in the number of myelinating oligodendrocytes and in the rate of OPC proliferation. Furthermore, using a triple transgenic mouse in which all of the Cav1.2KO OPCs were tracked by a Cre reporter, we found that Cav1.2KO OPCs produce less mature oligodendrocytes than control cells. Finally, live-cell imaging in early postnatal brain slices revealed that the migration and proliferation of subventricular zone OPCs is decreased in the Cav1.2KO mice. These results indicate that the L-VOCC isoform Cav1.2 modulates oligodendrocyte development and suggest that Ca2+ influx mediated by L-VOCCs in OPCs is necessary for normal myelination. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Overall, it is clear that cells in the oligodendrocyte lineage exhibit remarkable plasticity with regard to the expression of Ca2+ channels and that perturbation of Ca2+ homeostasis likely plays an important role in the pathogenesis underlying demyelinating diseases. To determine whether voltage-gated Ca2+ entry is involved in oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination, we used a conditional knock-out mouse for voltage-operated Ca2+ channels in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Our results indicate that voltage-operated Ca2+ channels can modulate oligodendrocyte development in the postnatal brain and suggest that voltage-gated Ca2+ influx in oligodendroglial cells is critical for normal myelination. These findings could lead to novel approaches to intervene in neurodegenerative diseases in which myelin is lost or damaged.
Collapse
|
21
|
Papanikolaou M, Lewis A, Butt AM. Store-operated calcium entry is essential for glial calcium signalling in CNS white matter. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 222:2993-3005. [PMID: 28247021 PMCID: PMC5585307 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1380-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
‘Calcium signalling’ is the ubiquitous response of glial cells to multiple extracellular stimuli. The primary mechanism of glial calcium signalling is by release of calcium from intracellular stores of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Replenishment of ER Ca2+ stores relies on store-operated calcium entry (SOCE). However, despite the importance of calcium signalling in glial cells, little is known about their mechanisms of SOCE. Here, we investigated SOCE in glia of the mouse optic nerve, a typical CNS white matter tract that comprises bundles of myelinated axons and the oligodendrocytes and astrocytes that support them. Using quantitative RT-PCR, we identified Orai1 channels, both Stim1 and Stim2, and the transient receptor potential M3 channel (TRPM3) as the primary channels for SOCE in the optic nerve, and their expression in both astrocytes and oligodendrocytes was demonstrated by immunolabelling of optic nerve sections and cultures. The functional importance of SOCE was demonstrated by fluo-4 calcium imaging on isolated intact optic nerves and optic nerve cultures. Removal of extracellular calcium ([Ca2+]o) resulted in a marked depletion of glial cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]i), which recovered rapidly on restoration of [Ca2+]o via SOCE. 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborane (2APB) significantly decreased SOCE and severely attenuated ATP-mediated calcium signalling. The results provide evidence that Orai/Stim and TRPM3 are important components of the ‘calcium toolkit’ that underpins SOCE and the sustainability of calcium signalling in white matter glia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Papanikolaou
- Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, UK
| | - A Lewis
- Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, UK
| | - A M Butt
- Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Griesi-Oliveira K, Suzuki AM, Muotri AR. TRPC Channels and Mental Disorders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 976:137-148. [PMID: 28508319 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-1088-4_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels mediate the influx of different types of cations through the cell membrane and are involved in many functions of the organism. Evidences of involvement of TRPC channels in neuronal development suggest that this family of proteins might play a role in certain neurological disorders. As reported, knockout mice for different TRPC channels show alterations in neuronal morphological and functional parameters, with behavioral abnormalities, such as in exploratory and social behaviors. Although mutations in TRPC channels could be related to mental/neurological disorders, there are only a few cases reported in literature, indicating that this correlation should be further explored. Nonetheless, other functional evidences support the implication of these channels in neurological diseases. In this chapter, we summarize the main findings relating TRPC channels to neurological disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders, bipolar disorder, and intellectual disability among others.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela May Suzuki
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Bioscience Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alysson Renato Muotri
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA. .,Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA. .,UCSD Stem Cell Program, Institute for Genomic Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gene expression alterations related to mania and psychosis in peripheral blood of patients with a first episode of psychosis. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e908. [PMID: 27701407 PMCID: PMC5315542 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychotic disorders affect ~3% of the general population and are among the most severe forms of mental diseases. In early stages of psychosis, clinical aspects may be difficult to distinguish from one another. Undifferentiated psychopathology at the first-episode of psychosis (FEP) highlights the need for biomarkers that can improve and refine differential diagnosis. We investigated gene expression differences between patients with FEP-schizophrenia spectrum (SCZ; N=53) or FEP-Mania (BD; N=16) and healthy controls (N=73). We also verified whether gene expression was correlated to severity of psychotic, manic, depressive symptoms and/or functional impairment. All participants were antipsychotic-naive. After the psychiatric interview, blood samples were collected and the expression of 12 psychotic-disorder-related genes was evaluated by quantitative PCR. AKT1 and DICER1 expression levels were higher in BD patients compared with that in SCZ patients and healthy controls, suggesting that expression of these genes is associated more specifically to manic features. Furthermore, MBP and NDEL1 expression levels were higher in SCZ and BD patients than in healthy controls, indicating that these genes are psychosis related (independent of diagnosis). No correlation was found between gene expression and severity of symptoms or functional impairment. Our findings suggest that genes related to neurodevelopment are altered in psychotic disorders, and some might support the differential diagnosis between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, with a potential impact on the treatment of these disorders.
Collapse
|
24
|
Ramanathan G, Mannhalter C. Increased expression of transient receptor potential canonical 6 (TRPC6) in differentiating human megakaryocytes. Cell Biol Int 2016; 40:223-31. [PMID: 26514329 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family of cation conducting channels are found in several tissues and cell types where they have different physiological functions. The canonical TRP channel 6 (TRPC6) is present on the platelet membrane and appears to participate in calcium influx during platelet activation. However, limited information is available on the importance of TRPC channels in megakaryocytes (MKs), the precursor cells of platelets. We determined the mRNA and protein expression of TRPC family members and investigated the role of TRPC6 for proliferation and differentiation of human MKs derived from CD34+ progenitor cells. TRPC6 transcripts were highly expressed during the differentiation of MKs and TRPC6 protein was detectable in MK cytoplasm by confocal staining. TRPC6 channel activity was modulated by pharmacological approaches using flufenamic acid (FFA) for activation and SKF96365 for inhibition. Upon FFA stimulation in MKs, an increase in intracellular calcium was observed, which was blocked by SKF96365 at 10 µM concentration. Incubation of MKs with SKF96365 resulted in a reduction in thrombopoietin-stimulated cell proliferation. Our results suggest a role of TRPC6 in calcium homeostasis during MK development, particularly for cell proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christine Mannhalter
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chen HC, Wang CH, Shih CP, Chueh SH, Liu SF, Chen HK, Lin YC. TRPC1 is required for survival and proliferation of cochlear spiral ganglion stem/progenitor cells. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 79:2290-4. [PMID: 26531006 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2015.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present studies were designed to test the hypothesis that canonical transient receptor potential channel 1 (TRPC1) is required for the proliferation of cochlear spiral ganglion stem/progenitor cells (SPCs). METHODS AND MATERIALS TRPC1 were detected and evaluated in postnatal day 1 CBA/CaJ mice pups derived-cochlear spiral ganglion SPCs by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, immunocytochemistry, and calcium imaging. The cell viability and proliferation of the spiral ganglion SPCs following si-RNA mediated knockdown of TRPC1 or addition of TRPC channel blocker SKF9635 were compared to controls. RESULTS In spiral ganglion SPCs, TRPC1 was found to be the most abundantly expressed TRPC subunit and shown to contribute to store-operated calcium entry. Silencing of TRPC1 or addition of TRPC channel blockers significantly decreased the rate of cell proliferation. CONCLUSION The results suggest that TRPC1 might serve as an essential molecule in regulating the proliferation of spiral ganglion SPCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Chien Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Chih-Hung Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Ping Shih
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sheau-Huei Chueh
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shu-Fan Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hang-Kang Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Chun Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ota VK, Noto C, Santoro ML, Spindola LM, Gouvea ES, Carvalho CM, Santos CM, Xavier G, Higuchi CH, Yonamine C, Moretti PN, Abílio VC, Hayashi MAF, Brietzke E, Gadelha A, Cordeiro Q, Bressan RA, Belangero SI. Increased expression of NDEL1 and MBP genes in the peripheral blood of antipsychotic-naïve patients with first-episode psychosis. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 25:2416-25. [PMID: 26476704 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a multifactorial neurodevelopmental disorder with high heritability. First-episode psychosis (FEP) is a critical period for determining the disease prognosis and is especially helpful for identifying potential biomarkers associated with the onset and progression of the disorder. We investigated the mRNA expression of 12 schizophrenia-related genes in the blood of antipsychotic-naïve FEP patients (N=73) and healthy controls (N=73). To evaluate the influences of antipsychotic treatment and progression of the disorder, we compared the gene expression within patients before and after two months of treatment with risperidone (N=64). We observed a significantly increased myelin basic protein (MBP) and nuclear distribution protein nudE-like 1 (NDEL1) mRNA levels in FEP patients compared with controls. Comparing FEP before and after risperidone treatment, no significant differences were identified; however; a trend of relatively low NDEL1 expression was observed after risperidone treatment. Animals chronically treated with saline or risperidone exhibited no significant change in Ndel1 expression levels in the blood or the prefrontal cortex (PFC), suggesting that the trend of low NDEL1 expression observed in FEP patients after treatment is likely due to factors other than risperidone treatment (i.e., disease progression). In addition to the recognized association with schizophrenia, MBP and NDEL1 gene products also play an essential role in the functions that are deregulated in schizophrenia, such as neurodevelopment. Our data strengthen the importance of these biological processes in psychotic disorders, indicating that these changes can be detected peripherally and potentially represent putative novel blood biomarkers of susceptibility and disorder progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Kiyomi Ota
- Genetics Division of Department of Morphology and Genetics of Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil; LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences of UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry of UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Noto
- LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences of UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry of UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry of Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo (ISCMSP), Brazil
| | - Marcos Leite Santoro
- Genetics Division of Department of Morphology and Genetics of Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil; LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences of UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Leticia Maria Spindola
- Genetics Division of Department of Morphology and Genetics of Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil; LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences of UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry of UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Sauerbronn Gouvea
- Department of Psychiatry of UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry of Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo (ISCMSP), Brazil
| | - Carolina Muniz Carvalho
- Genetics Division of Department of Morphology and Genetics of Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil; LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences of UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Camila Maurício Santos
- LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences of UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry of UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Xavier
- Genetics Division of Department of Morphology and Genetics of Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil; LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences of UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Cinthia Hiroko Higuchi
- LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences of UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry of UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Camila Yonamine
- LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences of UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology of UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Patricia Natalia Moretti
- Genetics Division of Department of Morphology and Genetics of Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil; LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences of UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry of UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Costhek Abílio
- LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences of UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry of UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology of UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Mirian Akemi F Hayashi
- LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences of UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology of UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences of UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry of UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Ary Gadelha
- LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences of UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry of UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Quirino Cordeiro
- Department of Psychiatry of UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry of Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo (ISCMSP), Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Affonseca Bressan
- LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences of UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry of UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Sintia Iole Belangero
- Genetics Division of Department of Morphology and Genetics of Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil; LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences of UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry of UNIFESP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Cheli VT, Santiago González DA, Spreuer V, Handley V, Campagnoni AT, Paez PM. Golli Myelin Basic Proteins Modulate Voltage-Operated Ca(++) Influx and Development in Cortical and Hippocampal Neurons. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:5749-71. [PMID: 26497031 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9499-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The golli proteins, products of the myelin basic protein gene, are widely expressed in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and neurons during the postnatal development of the brain. While golli appears to be important for oligodendrocyte migration and differentiation, its function in neuronal development is completely unknown. We have found that golli proteins function as new and novel modulators of voltage-operated Ca(++) channels (VOCCs) in neurons. In vitro, golli knock-out (KO) neurons exhibit decreased Ca(++) influx after plasma membrane depolarization and a substantial maturational delay. Increased expression of golli proteins enhances L-type Ca(++) entry and processes outgrowth in cortical neurons, and pharmacological activation of L-type Ca(++) channels stimulates maturation and prevents cell death in golli-KO neurons. In situ, Ca(++) influx mediated by L-type VOCCs was significantly decreased in cortical and hippocampal neurons of the golli-KO brain. These Ca(++) alterations affect cortical and hippocampal development and the proliferation and survival of neural progenitor cells during the postnatal development of the golli-KO brain. The CA1/3 sections and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus were reduced in the golli-KO mice as well as the density of dendrites in the somatosensory cortex. Furthermore, the golli-KO mice display abnormal behavior including deficits in episodic memory and reduced anxiety. Because of the expression of the golli proteins within neurons in learning and memory centers of the brain, this work has profound implication in neurodegenerative diseases and neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V T Cheli
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, SUNY, University at Buffalo, NYS Center of Excellence, 701 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - D A Santiago González
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, SUNY, University at Buffalo, NYS Center of Excellence, 701 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - V Spreuer
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, SUNY, University at Buffalo, NYS Center of Excellence, 701 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - V Handley
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Neuroscience Research Building, 635 Charles Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - A T Campagnoni
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Neuroscience Research Building, 635 Charles Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - P M Paez
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, SUNY, University at Buffalo, NYS Center of Excellence, 701 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Larson VA, Zhang Y, Bergles DE. Electrophysiological properties of NG2(+) cells: Matching physiological studies with gene expression profiles. Brain Res 2015; 1638:138-160. [PMID: 26385417 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
NG2(+) glial cells are a dynamic population of non-neuronal cells that give rise to myelinating oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system. These cells express numerous ion channels and neurotransmitter receptors, which endow them with a complex electrophysiological profile that is unique among glial cells. Despite extensive analysis of the electrophysiological properties of these cells, relatively little was known about the molecular identity of the channels and receptors that they express. The generation of new RNA-Seq datasets for NG2(+) cells has provided the means to explore how distinct genes contribute to the physiological properties of these progenitors. In this review, we systematically compare the results obtained through RNA-Seq transcriptional analysis of purified NG2(+) cells to previous physiological and molecular studies of these cells to define the complement of ion channels and neurotransmitter receptors expressed by NG2(+) cells in the mammalian brain and discuss the potential significance of the unique physiological properties of these cells. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI:NG2-glia(Invited only).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie A Larson
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Dwight E Bergles
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Siu CR, Balsor JL, Jones DG, Murphy KM. Classic and Golli Myelin Basic Protein have distinct developmental trajectories in human visual cortex. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:138. [PMID: 25964736 PMCID: PMC4408849 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, myelin is viewed as insulation around axons, however, more recent studies have shown it also plays an important role in plasticity, axonal metabolism, and neuroimmune signaling. Myelin is a complex multi-protein structure composed of hundreds of proteins, with Myelin Basic Protein (MBP) being the most studied. MBP has two families: Classic-MBP that is necessary for activity driven compaction of myelin around axons, and Golli-MBP that is found in neurons, oligodendrocytes, and T-cells. Furthermore, Golli-MBP has been called a “molecular link” between the nervous and immune systems. In visual cortex specifically, myelin proteins interact with immune processes to affect experience-dependent plasticity. We studied myelin in human visual cortex using Western blotting to quantify Classic- and Golli-MBP expression in post-mortem tissue samples ranging in age from 20 days to 80 years. We found that Classic- and Golli-MBP have different patterns of change across the lifespan. Classic-MBP gradually increases to 42 years and then declines into aging. Golli-MBP has early developmental changes that are coincident with milestones in visual system sensitive period, and gradually increases into aging. There are three stages in the balance between Classic- and Golli-MBP expression, with Golli-MBP dominating early, then shifting to Classic-MBP, and back to Golli-MBP in aging. Also Golli-MBP has a wave of high inter-individual variability during childhood. These results about cortical MBP expression are timely because they compliment recent advances in MRI techniques that produce high resolution maps of cortical myelin in normal and diseased brain. In addition, the unique pattern of Golli-MBP expression across the lifespan suggests that it supports high levels of neuroimmune interaction in cortical development and in aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin R Siu
- McMaster Integrative Neuroscience Discovery and Study Program, McMaster University Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Justin L Balsor
- McMaster Integrative Neuroscience Discovery and Study Program, McMaster University Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Kathryn M Murphy
- McMaster Integrative Neuroscience Discovery and Study Program, McMaster University Hamilton, ON, Canada ; Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University Hamilton, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Louhivuori LM, Jansson L, Turunen PM, Jäntti MH, Nordström T, Louhivuori V, Åkerman KE. Transient receptor potential channels and their role in modulating radial glial-neuronal interaction: a signaling pathway involving mGluR5. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 24:701-13. [PMID: 25347706 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The guidance of developing neurons to the right position in the central nervous system is of central importance in brain development. Canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) channels are thought to mediate turning responses of growth cones to guidance cues through fine control of calcium transients. Proliferating and 1- to 5-day-differentiated neural progenitor cells (NPCs) showed expression of Trpc1 and Trpc3 mRNA, while Trpc4-7 was not clearly detected. Time-lapse imaging showed that the motility pattern of neuronal cells was phasic with bursts of rapid movement (>60 μm/h), changes in direction, and intermittent slow phases or stallings (<40 μm/h), which frequently occurred in close contact with radial glial processes. Genetic interference with the TRPC3 and TRPC1 channel enhanced the motility of NPCs (burst frequency/stalling frequency). TRPC3-deficient cells or cells treated with the TRPC3 blocker pyr3 infrequently changed direction and seldom contacted radial glial processes. TRPC channels are also activated by group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR1 and mGluR5). As shown here, pyr3 blocked the calcium response mediated through mGluR5 in radial glial processes. Furthermore, 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine, a blocker of mGluR5, affected the motility pattern in a similar way as TRPC3/6 double knockout or pyr3. The results suggest that radial glial cells exert attractant signals to migrating neuronal cells, which alter their motility pattern. Our results suggest that mGluR5 acting through TRPC3 is of central importance in radial glial-mediated neuronal guidance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauri M Louhivuori
- Biomedicum Helsinki, Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Schraut KG, Jakob SB, Weidner MT, Schmitt AG, Scholz CJ, Strekalova T, El Hajj N, Eijssen LMT, Domschke K, Reif A, Haaf T, Ortega G, Steinbusch HWM, Lesch KP, Van den Hove DL. Prenatal stress-induced programming of genome-wide promoter DNA methylation in 5-HTT-deficient mice. Transl Psychiatry 2014; 4:e473. [PMID: 25335169 PMCID: PMC4350514 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2014.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The serotonin transporter gene (5-HTT/SLC6A4)-linked polymorphic region has been suggested to have a modulatory role in mediating effects of early-life stress exposure on psychopathology rendering carriers of the low-expression short (s)-variant more vulnerable to environmental adversity in later life. The underlying molecular mechanisms of this gene-by-environment interaction are not well understood, but epigenetic regulation including differential DNA methylation has been postulated to have a critical role. Recently, we used a maternal restraint stress paradigm of prenatal stress (PS) in 5-HTT-deficient mice and showed that the effects on behavior and gene expression were particularly marked in the hippocampus of female 5-Htt+/- offspring. Here, we examined to which extent these effects are mediated by differential methylation of DNA. For this purpose, we performed a genome-wide hippocampal DNA methylation screening using methylated-DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) on Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse Promoter 1.0 R arrays. Using hippocampal DNA from the same mice as assessed before enabled us to correlate gene-specific DNA methylation, mRNA expression and behavior. We found that 5-Htt genotype, PS and their interaction differentially affected the DNA methylation signature of numerous genes, a subset of which showed overlap with the expression profiles of the corresponding transcripts. For example, a differentially methylated region in the gene encoding myelin basic protein (Mbp) was associated with its expression in a 5-Htt-, PS- and 5-Htt × PS-dependent manner. Subsequent fine-mapping of this Mbp locus linked the methylation status of two specific CpG sites to Mbp expression and anxiety-related behavior. In conclusion, hippocampal DNA methylation patterns and expression profiles of female prenatally stressed 5-Htt+/- mice suggest that distinct molecular mechanisms, some of which are promoter methylation-dependent, contribute to the behavioral effects of the 5-Htt genotype, PS exposure and their interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K G Schraut
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - S B Jakob
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - M T Weidner
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany,Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A G Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - C J Scholz
- Laboratory for Microarray Applications, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - T Strekalova
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands,Institute for Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, New University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - N El Hajj
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - L M T Eijssen
- Department of Bioinformatics-BiGCaT, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - K Domschke
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - A Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - T Haaf
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - G Ortega
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - H W M Steinbusch
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - K P Lesch
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany,Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands,Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany. E-mail:
| | - D L Van den Hove
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany,Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Maldonado PP, Angulo MC. Multiple Modes of Communication between Neurons and Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells. Neuroscientist 2014; 21:266-76. [PMID: 24722526 DOI: 10.1177/1073858414530784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The surprising discovery of bona fide synapses between neurons and oligodendrocytes precursor cells (OPCs) 15 years ago placed these progenitors as real partners of neurons in the CNS. The role of these synapses has not been established yet, but a main hypothesis is that neuron-OPC synaptic activity is a signaling pathway controlling OPC proliferation/differentiation, influencing the myelination process. However, new evidences describing non-synaptic mechanisms of communication between neurons and OPCs have revealed that neuron-OPC interactions are more complex than expected. The activation of extrasynaptic receptors by ambient neurotransmitter or local spillover and the ability of OPCs to sense neuronal activity through a potassium channel suggest that distinct modes of communication mediate different functions of OPCs in the CNS. This review discusses different mechanisms used by OPCs to interact with neurons and their potential roles during postnatal development and in brain disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paloma P Maldonado
- INSERM U1128, Paris, France Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, the Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - María Cecilia Angulo
- INSERM U1128, Paris, France Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Espinosa-Jeffrey A, Paez PM, Cheli VT, Spreuer V, Wanner I, de Vellis J. Impact of simulated microgravity on oligodendrocyte development: implications for central nervous system repair. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76963. [PMID: 24324574 PMCID: PMC3850904 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently established a culture system to study the impact of simulated microgravity on oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) development. We subjected mouse and human OPCs to a short exposure of simulated microgravity produced by a 3D-Clinostat robot. Our results demonstrate that rodent and human OPCs display enhanced and sustained proliferation when exposed to simulated microgravity as assessed by several parameters, including a decrease in the cell cycle time. Additionally, OPC migration was examined in vitro using time-lapse imaging of cultured OPCs. Our results indicated that OPCs migrate to a greater extent after stimulated microgravity than in normal conditions, and this enhanced motility was associated with OPC morphological changes. The lack of normal gravity resulted in a significant increase in the migration speed of mouse and human OPCs and we found that the average leading process in migrating bipolar OPCs was significantly longer in microgravity treated cells than in controls, demonstrating that during OPC migration the lack of gravity promotes leading process extension, an essential step in the process of OPC migration. Finally, we tested the effect of simulated microgravity on OPC differentiation. Our data showed that the expression of mature oligodendrocyte markers was significantly delayed in microgravity treated OPCs. Under conditions where OPCs were allowed to progress in the lineage, simulated microgravity decreased the proportion of cells that expressed mature markers, such as CC1 and MBP, with a concomitant increased number of cells that retained immature oligodendrocyte markers such as Sox2 and NG2. Development of methodologies aimed at enhancing the number of OPCs and their ability to progress on the oligodendrocyte lineage is of great value for treatment of demyelinating disorders. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the gravitational modulation of oligodendrocyte intrinsic plasticity to increase their progenies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Espinosa-Jeffrey
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Pablo M. Paez
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, SUNY at Buffalo, NYS Center of Excellence, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Veronica T. Cheli
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, SUNY at Buffalo, NYS Center of Excellence, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Vilma Spreuer
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, SUNY at Buffalo, NYS Center of Excellence, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Ina Wanner
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jean de Vellis
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kastenhuber E, Gesemann M, Mickoleit M, Neuhauss SCF. Phylogenetic analysis and expression of zebrafish transient receptor potential melastatin family genes. Dev Dyn 2013; 242:1236-49. [PMID: 23908157 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) gene family belongs to the superfamily of nonselective TRP ion channels. TRP channels are cellular sensors, detecting a multitude of inputs, including temperature, light, chemical, and mechanical stimuli. Recent studies revealed diverse roles during development, linking TRP channels to differentiation, proliferation, cell motility, cell death, and survival. A detailed description of this gene family in the zebrafish is still missing. RESULTS Phylogenetic analysis revealed 11 trpm genes in the zebrafish genome. The zebrafish orthologs of mammalian TRPM1 and TRPM4 are duplicated and quadruplicated, respectively, and TRPM8, a cold sensitive channel has been lost in zebrafish. Whole-mount in situ hybridization experiments revealed dynamic expression pattern of trpm genes in the developing embryo and early larva. Transcripts were mainly found in neural cell clusters, but also in tissues involved in ion homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a role of TRPM channels in sensory information processing, including vision, olfaction, taste, and mechanosensation. An involvement in developmental processes is likely, as some trpm genes were found to be expressed in differentiating cells. Our data now provide a basis for functional analyses of this gene family of ion channels in the vertebrate model organism Danio rerio.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edda Kastenhuber
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Verkhratsky A, Parpura V. Store-operated calcium entry in neuroglia. Neurosci Bull 2013; 30:125-33. [PMID: 23677809 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-013-1343-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroglial cells are homeostatic neural cells. Generally, they are electrically non-excitable and their activation is associated with the generation of complex intracellular Ca(2+) signals that define the "Ca(2+) excitability" of glia. In mammalian glial cells the major source of Ca(2+) for this excitability is the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is ultimately (re)filled from the extracellular space. This occurs via store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) which is supported by a specific signaling system connecting the ER with plasmalemmal Ca(2+) entry. Here, emptying of the ER Ca(2+) store is necessary and sufficient for the activation of SOCE, and without Ca(2+) influx via SOCE the ER store cannot be refilled. The molecular arrangements underlying SOCE are relatively complex and include plasmalemmal channels, ER Ca(2+) sensors, such as stromal interaction molecule, and possibly ER Ca(2+) pumps (of the SERCA type). There are at least two sets of plasmalemmal channels mediating SOCE, the Ca(2+)-release activated channels, Orai, and transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. The molecular identity of neuroglial SOCE has not been yet identified unequivocally. However, it seems that Orai is predominantly expressed in microglia, whereas astrocytes and oligodendrocytes rely more on TRP channels to produce SOCE. In physiological conditions the SOCE pathway is instrumental for the sustained phase of the Ca(2+) signal observed following stimulation of metabotropic receptors on glial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK,
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Harauz G, Boggs JM. Myelin management by the 18.5-kDa and 21.5-kDa classic myelin basic protein isoforms. J Neurochem 2013; 125:334-61. [PMID: 23398367 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The classic myelin basic protein (MBP) splice isoforms range in nominal molecular mass from 14 to 21.5 kDa, and arise from the gene in the oligodendrocyte lineage (Golli) in maturing oligodendrocytes. The 18.5-kDa isoform that predominates in adult myelin adheres the cytosolic surfaces of oligodendrocyte membranes together, and forms a two-dimensional molecular sieve restricting protein diffusion into compact myelin. However, this protein has additional roles including cytoskeletal assembly and membrane extension, binding to SH3-domains, participation in Fyn-mediated signaling pathways, sequestration of phosphoinositides, and maintenance of calcium homeostasis. Of the diverse post-translational modifications of this isoform, phosphorylation is the most dynamic, and modulates 18.5-kDa MBP's protein-membrane and protein-protein interactions, indicative of a rich repertoire of functions. In developing and mature myelin, phosphorylation can result in microdomain or even nuclear targeting of the protein, supporting the conclusion that 18.5-kDa MBP has significant roles beyond membrane adhesion. The full-length, early-developmental 21.5-kDa splice isoform is predominantly karyophilic due to a non-traditional P-Y nuclear localization signal, with effects such as promotion of oligodendrocyte proliferation. We discuss in vitro and recent in vivo evidence for multifunctionality of these classic basic proteins of myelin, and argue for a systematic evaluation of the temporal and spatial distributions of these protein isoforms, and their modified variants, during oligodendrocyte differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Harauz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Biophysics Interdepartmental Group and Collaborative Program in Neuroscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Happel P, Möller K, Schwering NK, Dietzel ID. Migrating oligodendrocyte progenitor cells swell prior to soma dislocation. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1806. [PMID: 23657670 PMCID: PMC3648797 DOI: 10.1038/srep01806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The migration of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) to the white matter is an indispensable requirement for an intact brain function. The mechanism of cell migration in general is not yet completely understood. Nevertheless, evidence is accumulating that besides the coordinated rearrangement of the cytoskeleton, a finetuned interplay of ion and water fluxes across the cell membrane is essential for cell migration. One part of a general hypothesis is that a local volume increase towards the direction of movement triggers a mechano-activated calcium influx that regulates various procedures at the rear end of a migrating cell. Here, we investigated cell volume changes of migrating OPCs using scanning ion conductance microscopy. We found that during accelerated migration OPCs undergo an increase in the frontal cell body volume. These findings are supplemented with time lapse calcium imaging data that hint an increase in calcium content the frontal part of the cell soma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Happel
- Central Unit for Ionbeams and Radionuclides (RUBION), Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Paez PM, Cheli VT, Ghiani CA, Spreuer V, Handley VW, Campagnoni AT. Golli myelin basic proteins stimulate oligodendrocyte progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation in remyelinating adult mouse brain. Glia 2012; 60:1078-93. [PMID: 22447683 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Golli myelin basic proteins are necessary for normal myelination, acting via voltage and store-dependent Ca(2+) entry at multiple steps during oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) development. To date nothing is known regarding the role of golli proteins in demyelination or remyelination events. Here the effects of golli ablation and overexpression in myelin loss and recovery were examined using the cuprizone (CPZ) model of demyelination/remyelination. We found severe demyelination in the corpus callosum (CC) of golli-overexpressing mice (JOE) during the CPZ treatment, which was accompanied by an increased number of reactive astrocytes and activation of microglia/macrophages. During demyelination of JOE brains, a significant increase in the number of proliferating OPCs was found in the CC as well as in the subventricular zone, and our data indicate that these progenitors matured and fully remyelinated the CC of JOE animals after CPZ withdrawal. In contrast, in the absence of golli (golli-KO mice) delayed myelin loss associated with a smaller immune response, and a lower number of OPCs was found in these mice during the CPZ treatment. Furthermore, incomplete remyelination was observed after CPZ removal in large areas of the CC of golli-KO mice, reflecting irregular recovery of the oligodendrocyte population and subsequent myelin sheath formation. Our findings demonstrate that golli proteins sensitize mature oligodendrocytes to CPZ-induced demyelination, while at the same time stimulate the proliferation/recruitment of OPCs during demyelination, resulting in accelerated remyelination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo M Paez
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7332, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
The Transient receptor potential (TRP) family of cation channels is a large protein family, which is mainly structurally uniform. Proteins consist typically of six transmembrane domains and mostly four subunits are necessary to form a functional channel. Apart from this, TRP channels display a wide variety of activation mechanisms (ligand binding, G-protein coupled receptor dependent, physical stimuli such as temperature, pressure, etc.) and ion selectivity profiles (from highly Ca(2+) selective to non-selective for cations). They have been described now in almost every tissue of the body, including peripheral and central neurons. Especially in the sensory nervous system the role of several TRP channels is already described on a detailed level. This review summarizes data that is currently available on their role in the central nervous system. TRP channels are involved in neurogenesis and brain development, synaptic transmission and they play a key role in the development of several neurological diseases.
Collapse
|