1
|
Zuurbier KR, Solano Fonseca R, Arneaud SL, Tatge L, Otuzoglu G, Wall JM, Douglas PM. Cytosolic dopamine determines hypersensitivity to blunt force trauma. iScience 2024; 27:110094. [PMID: 38883817 PMCID: PMC11179581 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The selective vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons to trauma-induced neurodegeneration is conserved across species, from nematodes to humans. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this hypersensitivity to blunt force trauma remain elusive. We find that extravesicular dopamine, a key driver of Parkinson's disease, extends its toxic role to the acute challenges associated with injury. Ectopic dopamine synthesis in serotonergic neurons sensitizes this resilient neuronal subtype to trauma-induced degeneration. While dopaminergic neurons normally maintain dopamine in a functional and benign state, trauma-induced subcellular redox imbalances elicit dopamine-dependent cytotoxicity. Cytosolic dopamine accumulation, through perturbations to its synthesis, metabolism, or packaging, is necessary and sufficient to drive neurodegeneration upon injury and during aging. Additionally, degeneration is further exacerbated by rapid upregulation of the rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine synthesis, cat-2, via the FOS-1 transcription factor. Fundamentally, our study in C. elegans unravels the molecular intricacies rendering dopaminergic neurons uniquely prone to physical perturbation across evolutionary lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kielen R. Zuurbier
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- O’Donnell Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rene Solano Fonseca
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sonja L.B. Arneaud
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lexus Tatge
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Gupse Otuzoglu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jordan M. Wall
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Peter M. Douglas
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- O’Donnell Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rodriguez P, Blakely RD. Sink or swim: Does a worm paralysis phenotype hold clues to neurodegenerative disease? J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31125. [PMID: 37795580 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Receiving a neurodegenerative disease (NDD) diagnosis, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, is devastating, particularly given the limited options for treatment. Advances in genetic technologies have allowed for efficient modeling of NDDs in animals and brought hope for new disease-modifying medications. The complexity of the mammalian brain and the costs and time needed to identify and develop therapeutic leads limits progress. Modeling NDDs in invertebrates, such as the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, offers orders of magnitude increases in speed of genetic analysis and manipulation, and can be pursued at substantially reduced cost, providing an important, platform complement and inform research with mammalian NDD models. In this review, we describe how our efforts to exploit C. elegans for the study of neural signaling and health led to the discovery of a paralytic phenotype (swimming-induced paralysis) associated with altered dopamine signaling and, surprisingly, to the discovery of a novel gene and pathway whose dysfunction in glial cells triggers neurodegeneration. Research to date on swip-10 and its putative mammalian ortholog MBLAC1, suggests that a tandem analysis will offer insights into NDD mechanisms and insights into novel, disease-modifying therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Rodriguez
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - Randy D Blakely
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
- Stiles-Nicholson Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ye P, Fang Q, Hu X, Zou W, Huang M, Ke M, Li Y, Liu M, Cai X, Zhang C, Hua N, Al-Sheikh U, Liu X, Yu P, Jiang P, Pan PY, Luo J, Jiang LH, Xu S, Fang EF, Su H, Kang L, Yang W. TRPM2 as a conserved gatekeeper determines the vulnerability of DA neurons by mediating ROS sensing and calcium dyshomeostasis. Prog Neurobiol 2023; 231:102530. [PMID: 37739206 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Different dopaminergic (DA) neuronal subgroups exhibit distinct vulnerability to stress, while the underlying mechanisms are elusive. Here we report that the transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channel is preferentially expressed in vulnerable DA neuronal subgroups, which correlates positively with aging in Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients. Overexpression of human TRPM2 in the DA neurons of C. elegans resulted in selective death of ADE but not CEP neurons in aged worms. Mechanistically, TRPM2 activation mediates FZO-1/CED-9-dependent mitochondrial hyperfusion and mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT), leading to ADE death. In mice, TRPM2 knockout reduced vulnerable substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) DA neuronal death induced by stress. Moreover, the TRPM2-mediated vulnerable DA neuronal death pathway is conserved from C. elegans to toxin-treated mice model and PD patient iPSC-derived DA neurons. The vulnerable SNc DA neuronal loss is the major symptom and cause of PD, and therefore the TRPM2-mediated pathway serves as a promising therapeutic target against PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peiwu Ye
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Neuroscience, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiuyuan Fang
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Neuroscience, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xupang Hu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Secondary Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310011, China
| | - Wenjuan Zou
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurosurgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Miaodan Huang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Minjing Ke
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yunhao Li
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Neuroscience, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaobo Cai
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Neuroscience, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Congyi Zhang
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Neuroscience, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ning Hua
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Neuroscience, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Umar Al-Sheikh
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurosurgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Xingyu Liu
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Neuroscience, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Peilin Yu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Peiran Jiang
- School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ping-Yue Pan
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jianhong Luo
- School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lin-Hua Jiang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; Sino-UK Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453000, China; University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Suhong Xu
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Cardiology of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Evandro F Fang
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Huanxing Su
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
| | - Lijun Kang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Secondary Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310011, China; School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Neuroscience, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Furuta Y, Zhou Z. How do necrotic cells expose phosphatidylserine to attract their predators—What’s unique and what’s in common with apoptotic cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1170551. [PMID: 37091984 PMCID: PMC10113483 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1170551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a lipid component of the plasma membrane. It is asymmetrically distributed to the inner leaflet in live cells. In cells undergoing apoptosis, phosphatidylserine is exposed to the outer surfaces. The exposed phosphatidylserine acts as an evolutionarily conserved “eat-me” signal that attracts neighboring engulfing cells in metazoan organisms, including the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, and mammals. During apoptosis, the exposure of phosphatidylserine to the outer surface of a cell is driven by the membrane scramblases and flippases, the activities of which are regulated by caspases. Cells undergoing necrosis, a kind of cell death frequently associated with cellular injuries and morphologically distinct from apoptosis, were initially believed to allow passive exposure of phosphatidylserine through membrane rupture. Later studies revealed that necrotic cells actively expose phosphatidylserine before any rupture occurs. A recent study in C. elegans further reported that the calcium ion (Ca2+) plays an essential role in promoting the exposure of phosphatidylserine on the surfaces of necrotic cells. These findings indicate that necrotic and apoptotic cells, which die through different molecular mechanisms, use common and unique mechanisms for promoting the exposure of the same “eat me” signal. This article will review the mechanisms regulating the exposure of phosphatidylserine on the surfaces of necrotic and apoptotic cells and highlight their similarities and differences.
Collapse
|
5
|
Xi Z, Davis L, Baxter K, Tynan A, Goutou A, Greiss S. Using a quadruplet codon to expand the genetic code of an animal. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:4801-4812. [PMID: 34882769 PMCID: PMC9122531 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab1168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic code expansion in multicellular organisms is currently limited to the use of repurposed amber stop codons. Here, we introduce a system for the use of quadruplet codons to direct incorporation of non-canonical amino acids in vivo in an animal, the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans. We develop hybrid pyrrolysyl tRNA variants to incorporate non-canonical amino acids in response to the quadruplet codon UAGA. We demonstrate the efficiency of the quadruplet decoding system by incorporating photocaged amino acids into two proteins widely used as genetic tools. We use photocaged lysine to express photocaged Cre recombinase for the optical control of gene expression and photocaged cysteine to express photo-activatable caspase for light inducible cell ablation. Our approach will facilitate the routine adoption of quadruplet decoding for genetic code expansion in eukaryotic cells and multicellular organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Xi
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lloyd Davis
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kieran Baxter
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ailish Tynan
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Angeliki Goutou
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sebastian Greiss
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Reza RN, Serra ND, Detwiler AC, Hanna-Rose W, Crook M. Noncanonical necrosis in 2 different cell types in a Caenorhabditis elegans NAD+ salvage pathway mutant. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2022; 12:jkac033. [PMID: 35143646 PMCID: PMC8982427 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Necrosis was once described as a chaotic unregulated response to cellular insult. We now know that necrosis is controlled by multiple pathways in response to many different cellular conditions. In our pnc-1 NAD+ salvage deficient Caenorhabditis elegans model excess nicotinamide induces excitotoxic death in uterine-vulval uv1 cells and OLQ mechanosensory neurons. We sought to characterize necrosis in our pnc-1 model in the context of well-characterized necrosis, apoptosis, and autophagy pathways in C. elegans. We confirmed that calpain and aspartic proteases were required for uv1 necrosis, but changes in intracellular calcium levels and autophagy were not, suggesting that uv1 necrosis occurs by a pathway that diverges from mec-4d-induced touch cell necrosis downstream of effector aspartic proteases. OLQ necrosis does not require changes in intracellular calcium, the function of calpain or aspartic proteases, or autophagy. Instead, OLQ survival requires the function of calreticulin and calnexin, pro-apoptotic ced-4 (Apaf1), and genes involved in both autophagy and axon guidance. In addition, the partially OLQ-dependent gentle nose touch response decreased significantly in pnc-1 animals on poor quality food, further suggesting that uv1 and OLQ necrosis differ downstream of their common trigger. Together these results show that, although phenotypically very similar, uv1, OLQ, and touch cell necrosis are very different at the molecular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rifath N Reza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Nicholas D Serra
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ariana C Detwiler
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Wendy Hanna-Rose
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Matt Crook
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University-San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78224, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen Y, Li Y, Du M, Yu J, Gao F, Yuan Z, Chen Z. Ultrasound Neuromodulation: Integrating Medicine and Engineering for Neurological Disease Treatment. BIO INTEGRATION 2021. [DOI: 10.15212/bioi-2020-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Neurological diseases associated with dysfunctions of neural circuits, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), depression and epilepsy, have been increasingly prevalent. To tackle these issues, artificial stimulation or regulation of specific neural circuits and
nuclei are employed to alleviate or cure certain neurological diseases. In particular, ultrasound neuromodulation has been an emerging interdisciplinary approach, which integrates medicine and engineering methodologies in the treatment. With the development of medicine and engineering, ultrasound
neuromodulation has gradually been applied in the treatment of central nervous system diseases. In this review, we aimed to summarize the mechanism of ultrasound neuromodulation and the advances of focused ultrasound (FUS) in neuromodulation in recent years, with a special emphasis on its
application in central nervous system disease treatment. FUS showed great feasibility in the treatment of epilepsy, tremor, AD, depression, and brain trauma. We also suggested future directions of ultrasound neuromodulation in clinical settings, with a focus on its fusion with genetic engineering
or nanotechnology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Chen
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Meng Du
- Medical Imaging Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Jinsui Yu
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Zhiyi Chen
- Medical Imaging Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Furuta Y, Pena-Ramos O, Li Z, Chiao L, Zhou Z. Calcium ions trigger the exposure of phosphatidylserine on the surface of necrotic cells. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009066. [PMID: 33571185 PMCID: PMC7904182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular Ca2+ level is under strict regulation through calcium channels and storage pools including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Mutations in certain ion channel subunits, which cause mis-regulated Ca2+ influx, induce the excitotoxic necrosis of neurons. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, dominant mutations in the DEG/ENaC sodium channel subunit MEC-4 induce six mechanosensory (touch) neurons to undergo excitotoxic necrosis. These necrotic neurons are subsequently engulfed and digested by neighboring hypodermal cells. We previously reported that necrotic touch neurons actively expose phosphatidylserine (PS), an “eat-me” signal, to attract engulfing cells. However, the upstream signal that triggers PS externalization remained elusive. Here we report that a robust and transient increase of cytoplasmic Ca2+ level occurs prior to the exposure of PS on necrotic touch neurons. Inhibiting the release of Ca2+ from the ER, either pharmacologically or genetically, specifically impairs PS exposure on necrotic but not apoptotic cells. On the contrary, inhibiting the reuptake of cytoplasmic Ca2+ into the ER induces ectopic necrosis and PS exposure. Remarkably, PS exposure occurs independently of other necrosis events. Furthermore, unlike in mutants of DEG/ENaC channels, in dominant mutants of deg-3 and trp-4, which encode Ca2+ channels, PS exposure on necrotic neurons does not rely on the ER Ca2+ pool. Our findings indicate that high levels of cytoplasmic Ca2+ are necessary and sufficient for PS exposure. They further reveal two Ca2+-dependent, necrosis-specific pathways that promote PS exposure, a “two-step” pathway initiated by a modest influx of Ca2+ and further boosted by the release of Ca2+ from the ER, and another, ER-independent, pathway. Moreover, we found that ANOH-1, the worm homolog of mammalian phospholipid scramblase TMEM16F, is necessary for efficient PS exposure in thapsgargin-treated worms and trp-4 mutants, like in mec-4 mutants. We propose that both the ER-mediated and ER-independent Ca2+ pathways promote PS externalization through activating ANOH-1. Necrosis is a type of cell death that exhibits distinct morphological features such as cell and organelle swelling. Necrotic cells expose phosphatidylserine (PS)–a type of phospholipid—on their outer surfaces. Receptor molecules on phagocytes detect PS on necrotic cells and subsequently initiate the engulfment process. As necrosis is associated with stroke, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and heart diseases, studying necrotic cell clearance has important medical relevance. In the model organism the nematode C. elegans, we previously identified membrane proteins that promote the exposure of PS on necrotic cell surfaces by studying neurons that are induced to undergo necrosis by dominant mutations in ion channels. Here, in C. elegans, we have discovered that the necrotic insults trigger an increase of the cytoplasmic calcium ion (Ca2+), which in turn promotes PS externalization on necrotic cell surfaces. Furthermore, we have identified two different mechanisms that increase cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels, one dependent on the Ca2+ contribution from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the other independent of the ER. The Ca2+ signal targets ANOH-1, a worm homolog of mammalian proteins capable of externalizing PS, for promoting PS exposure on necrotic cells. Our findings reveal novel upstream regulatory mechanisms that promote necrotic cell clearance in animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Furuta
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- School of Pharmacy, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Omar Pena-Ramos
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Zao Li
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lucia Chiao
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zampese E, Surmeier DJ. Calcium, Bioenergetics, and Parkinson's Disease. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092045. [PMID: 32911641 PMCID: PMC7564460 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Degeneration of substantia nigra (SN) dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons is responsible for the core motor deficits of Parkinson’s disease (PD). These neurons are autonomous pacemakers that have large cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations that have been linked to basal mitochondrial oxidant stress and turnover. This review explores the origin of Ca2+ oscillations and their role in the control of mitochondrial respiration, bioenergetics, and mitochondrial oxidant stress.
Collapse
|
10
|
Harnessing the power of genetics: fast forward genetics in Caenorhabditis elegans. Mol Genet Genomics 2020; 296:1-20. [PMID: 32888055 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-020-01721-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Forward genetics is a powerful tool to unravel molecular mechanisms of diverse biological processes. The success of genetic screens primarily relies on the ease of genetic manipulation of an organism and the availability of a plethora of genetic tools. The roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans has been one of the favorite models for genetic studies due to its hermaphroditic lifestyle, ease of maintenance, and availability of various genetic manipulation tools. The strength of C. elegans genetics is highlighted by the leading role of this organism in the discovery of several conserved biological processes. In this review, the principles and strategies for forward genetics in C. elegans are discussed. Further, the recent advancements that have drastically accelerated the otherwise time-consuming process of mutation identification, making forward genetic screens a method of choice for understanding biological functions, are discussed. The emphasis of the review has been on providing practical and conceptual pointers for designing genetic screens that will identify mutations, specifically disrupting the biological processes of interest.
Collapse
|
11
|
Alvarez J, Alvarez-Illera P, García-Casas P, Fonteriz RI, Montero M. The Role of Ca 2+ Signaling in Aging and Neurodegeneration: Insights from Caenorhabditis elegans Models. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010204. [PMID: 31947609 PMCID: PMC7016793 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ is a ubiquitous second messenger that plays an essential role in physiological processes such as muscle contraction, neuronal secretion, and cell proliferation or differentiation. There is ample evidence that the dysregulation of Ca2+ signaling is one of the key events in the development of neurodegenerative processes, an idea called the "calcium hypothesis" of neurodegeneration. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is a very good model for the study of aging and neurodegeneration. In fact, many of the signaling pathways involved in longevity were first discovered in this nematode, and many models of neurodegenerative diseases have also been developed therein, either through mutations in the worm genome or by expressing human proteins involved in neurodegeneration (β-amyloid, α-synuclein, polyglutamine, or others) in defined worm tissues. The worm is completely transparent throughout its whole life, which makes it possible to carry out Ca2+ dynamics studies in vivo at any time, by expressing Ca2+ fluorescent probes in defined worm tissues, and even in specific organelles such as mitochondria. This review will summarize the evidence obtained using this model organism to understand the role of Ca2+ signaling in aging and neurodegeneration.
Collapse
|
12
|
Velasco-Estevez M, Mampay M, Boutin H, Chaney A, Warn P, Sharp A, Burgess E, Moeendarbary E, Dev KK, Sheridan GK. Infection Augments Expression of Mechanosensing Piezo1 Channels in Amyloid Plaque-Reactive Astrocytes. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:332. [PMID: 30405400 PMCID: PMC6204357 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A defining pathophysiological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the amyloid plaque; an extracellular deposit of aggregated fibrillar Aβ1-42 peptides. Amyloid plaques are hard, brittle structures scattered throughout the hippocampus and cerebral cortex and are thought to cause hyperphosphorylation of tau, neurofibrillary tangles, and progressive neurodegeneration. Reactive astrocytes and microglia envelop the exterior of amyloid plaques and infiltrate their inner core. Glia are highly mechanosensitive cells and can almost certainly sense the mismatch between the normally soft mechanical environment of the brain and very stiff amyloid plaques via mechanosensing ion channels. Piezo1, a non-selective cation channel, can translate extracellular mechanical forces to intracellular molecular signaling cascades through a process known as mechanotransduction. Here, we utilized an aging transgenic rat model of AD (TgF344-AD) to study expression of mechanosensing Piezo1 ion channels in amyloid plaque-reactive astrocytes. We found that Piezo1 is upregulated with age in the hippocampus and cortex of 18-month old wild-type rats. However, more striking increases in Piezo1 were measured in the hippocampus of TgF344-AD rats compared to age-matched wild-type controls. Interestingly, repeated urinary tract infections with Escherichia coli bacteria, a common comorbidity in elderly people with dementia, caused further elevations in Piezo1 channel expression in the hippocampus and cortex of TgF344-AD rats. Taken together, we report that aging and peripheral infection augment amyloid plaque-induced upregulation of mechanoresponsive ion channels, such as Piezo1, in astrocytes. Further research is required to investigate the role of astrocytic Piezo1 in the Alzheimer's brain, whether modulating channel opening will protect or exacerbate the disease state, and most importantly, if Piezo1 could prove to be a novel drug target for age-related dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Velasco-Estevez
- Neuroimmulology & Neurotherapeutics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
- Drug Development, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Myrthe Mampay
- Neuroimmulology & Neurotherapeutics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Hervé Boutin
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Aisling Chaney
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Peter Warn
- Evotec (UK) Ltd., Manchester Science Park, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Sharp
- Evotec (UK) Ltd., Manchester Science Park, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ellie Burgess
- Evotec (UK) Ltd., Manchester Science Park, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Emad Moeendarbary
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kumlesh K. Dev
- Drug Development, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Graham K. Sheridan
- Neuroimmulology & Neurotherapeutics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kim H, Calatayud C, Guha S, Fernández-Carasa I, Berkowitz L, Carballo-Carbajal I, Ezquerra M, Fernández-Santiago R, Kapahi P, Raya Á, Miranda-Vizuete A, Lizcano JM, Vila M, Caldwell KA, Caldwell GA, Consiglio A, Dalfo E. The Small GTPase RAC1/CED-10 Is Essential in Maintaining Dopaminergic Neuron Function and Survival Against α-Synuclein-Induced Toxicity. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:7533-7552. [PMID: 29429047 PMCID: PMC6096980 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0881-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is associated with intracellular α-synuclein accumulation and ventral midbrain dopaminergic neuronal death in the Substantia Nigra of brain patients. The Rho GTPase pathway, mainly linking surface receptors to the organization of the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons, has been suggested to participate to Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. Nevertheless, its exact contribution remains obscure. To unveil the participation of the Rho GTPase family to the molecular pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease, we first used C elegans to demonstrate the role of the small GTPase RAC1 (ced-10 in the worm) in maintaining dopaminergic function and survival in the presence of alpha-synuclein. In addition, ced-10 mutant worms determined an increase of alpha-synuclein inclusions in comparison to control worms as well as an increase in autophagic vesicles. We then used a human neuroblastoma cells (M17) stably over-expressing alpha-synuclein and found that RAC1 function decreased the amount of amyloidogenic alpha-synuclein. Further, by using dopaminergic neurons derived from patients of familial LRRK2-Parkinson's disease we report that human RAC1 activity is essential in the regulation of dopaminergic cell death, alpha-synuclein accumulation, participates in neurite arborization and modulates autophagy. Thus, we determined for the first time that RAC1/ced-10 participates in Parkinson's disease associated pathogenesis and established RAC1/ced-10 as a new candidate for further investigation of Parkinson's disease associated mechanisms, mainly focused on dopaminergic function and survival against α-synuclein-induced toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Carles Calatayud
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, 08028, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, 08908, Spain
- Center of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona (CMRB), Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Hospital Duran i Reynals, 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Sanjib Guha
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - Irene Fernández-Carasa
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, 08028, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, 08908, Spain
| | - Laura Berkowitz
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Iria Carballo-Carbajal
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute-Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mario Ezquerra
- Laboratory of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology: Clinical and Experimental Research, IDIBAPS - Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén Fernández-Santiago
- Laboratory of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology: Clinical and Experimental Research, IDIBAPS - Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pankaj Kapahi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - Ángel Raya
- Center of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona (CMRB), Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Hospital Duran i Reynals, 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Miranda-Vizuete
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/ Universidad de Sevilla, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jose Miguel Lizcano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institut de Neurociències, Faculty of Medicine, M2, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra Campus, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Vila
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute-Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institut de Neurociències, Faculty of Medicine, M2, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra Campus, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kim A Caldwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Guy A Caldwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Antonella Consiglio
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, 08028, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, 08908, Spain.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Spain.
| | - Esther Dalfo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institut de Neurociències, Faculty of Medicine, M2, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra Campus, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Can Baumann, 08500, Vic, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Offenburger SL, Jongsma E, Gartner A. Mutations in Caenorhabditis elegans neuroligin-like glit-1, the apoptosis pathway and the calcium chaperone crt-1 increase dopaminergic neurodegeneration after 6-OHDA treatment. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007106. [PMID: 29346364 PMCID: PMC5773152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of dopaminergic neurons is a hallmark of Parkinson’s disease, the aetiology of which is associated with increased levels of oxidative stress. We used C. elegans to screen for genes that protect dopaminergic neurons against oxidative stress and isolated glit-1 (gliotactin (Drosophila neuroligin-like) homologue). Loss of the C. elegans neuroligin-like glit-1 causes increased dopaminergic neurodegeneration after treatment with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), an oxidative-stress inducing drug that is specifically taken up into dopaminergic neurons. Furthermore, glit-1 mutants exhibit increased sensitivity to oxidative stress induced by H2O2 and paraquat. We provide evidence that GLIT-1 acts in the same genetic pathway as the previously identified tetraspanin TSP-17. After exposure to 6-OHDA and paraquat, glit-1 and tsp-17 mutants show almost identical, non-additive hypersensitivity phenotypes and exhibit highly increased induction of oxidative stress reporters. TSP-17 and GLIT-1 are both expressed in dopaminergic neurons. In addition, the neuroligin-like GLIT-1 is expressed in pharynx, intestine and several unidentified cells in the head. GLIT-1 is homologous, but not orthologous to neuroligins, transmembrane proteins required for the function of synapses. The Drosophila GLIT-1 homologue Gliotactin in contrast is required for epithelial junction formation. We report that GLIT-1 likely acts in multiple tissues to protect against 6-OHDA, and that the epithelial barrier of C. elegans glit-1 mutants does not appear to be compromised. We further describe that hyperactivation of the SKN-1 oxidative stress response pathway alleviates 6-OHDA-induced neurodegeneration. In addition, we find that mutations in the canonical apoptosis pathway and the calcium chaperone crt-1 cause increased 6-OHDA-induced dopaminergic neuron loss. In summary, we report that the neuroligin-like GLIT-1, the canonical apoptosis pathway and the calreticulin CRT-1 are required to prevent 6-OHDA-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Neurons use dopamine as a chemical messenger to mediate diverse behaviours. The gradual loss of dopaminergic neurons in specific brain areas is a hallmark of Parkinson’s disease. The increased occurrence of highly reactive oxygen radicals, also called oxidative stress, is assumed to contribute to the demise of dopaminergic neurons. In this study, we searched for genes that protect dopaminergic neurons against oxidative stress. We used the nematode C. elegans, a well-characterised model organism whose dopamine signalling system is very similar to that of humans. When C. elegans is exposed to 6-hydroxydopamine, an oxidative stress-inducing compound, dopaminergic neurons gradually die. Our major findings include: (i) absence of the neuroligin-like gene glit-1 causes highly increased cell death of dopaminergic neurons after 6-OHDA exposure; (ii) GLIT-1 acts in a similar manner as the previously identified tetraspanin TSP-17; (iii) GLIT-1 and TSP-17 also protect C. elegans from other types of oxidative stress; and (iv) the programmed cell death pathway and a calcium chaperone protect dopaminergic neurons as well. Collectively, this study shows that apoptosis proteins, the calcium chaperone CRT-1 and the neuroligin-like GLIT-1 protect against neurodegeneration after oxidative stress exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisabeth Jongsma
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Anton Gartner
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Doitsidou M, Minevich G, Kroll JR, Soete G, Gowtham S, Korswagen HC, Sebastiaan van Zon J, Hobert O. A Caenorhabditis elegans Zinc Finger Transcription Factor, ztf-6, Required for the Specification of a Dopamine Neuron-Producing Lineage. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2018; 8:17-26. [PMID: 29301976 PMCID: PMC5765345 DOI: 10.1534/g3.117.300132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Invertebrate and vertebrate nervous systems generate different types of dopaminergic neurons in distinct parts of the brain. We have taken a genetic approach to understand how the four functionally related, but lineally unrelated, classes of dopaminergic neurons of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, located in distinct parts of its nervous system, are specified. We have identified several genes involved in the generation of a specific dopaminergic neuron type that is generated from the so-called postdeirid lineage, called PDE. Apart from classic proneural genes and components of the mediator complex, we identified a novel, previously uncharacterized zinc finger transcription factor, ztf-6 Loss of ztf-6 has distinct effects in different dopamine neuron-producing neuronal lineages. In the postdeirid lineage, ztf-6 is required for proper cell division patterns and the proper distribution of a critical cell fate determinant, the POP-1/TCF-like transcription factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Doitsidou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center New York, NY 10032
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Gregory Minevich
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center New York, NY 10032
| | - Jason R Kroll
- AMOLF, Amsterdam, 1098 XG, The Netherlands, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gwen Soete
- Hubrecht Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sriharsh Gowtham
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center New York, NY 10032
| | | | | | - Oliver Hobert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center New York, NY 10032
- Department of Biological Sciences, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sukumaran P, Sun Y, Schaar A, Selvaraj S, Singh BB. TRPC Channels and Parkinson's Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 976:85-94. [PMID: 28508315 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-1088-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder, which involves degeneration of dopaminergic neurons that are present in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) region. Many factors have been identified that could lead to Parkinson's disease; however, almost all of them are directly or indirectly dependent on Ca2+ signaling. Importantly, though disturbances in Ca2+ homeostasis have been implicated in Parkinson's disease and other neuronal diseases, the identity of the calcium channel remains elusive. Members of the transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channel family have been identified as a new class of Ca2+ channels, and it could be anticipated that these channels could play important roles in neurodegenerative diseases, especially in PD. Thus, in this chapter we have entirely focused on TRPC channels and elucidated its role in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Sukumaran
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58201, USA
| | - Yuyang Sun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58201, USA
| | - Anne Schaar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58201, USA
| | - Senthil Selvaraj
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58201, USA
| | - Brij B Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58201, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Neurotrophins, including nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), bind to their high-affinity receptors to promote neuronal survival during brain development. One of the key downstream pathways is the phospholipase C (PLC) pathway, which not only plays a central role in calcium release from internal store but also in activation of TRPC channels coupled with neurotrophin receptors. TRPC channels are required for the neurotrophin-mediated neuronal protective effects. In addition, activation of TRPC channels is able to protect neurons in the absence of neurotrophin. In some circumstances, TRPC channels coupled with metabotropic glutamate receptor may mediate the excitotoxicity by calcium overload. One of the key questions in the field is the channel gating mechanisms; understanding of which would help design compounds to modulate the channel properties. The development and identification of TRPC channel agonists or blockers are promising and may unveil new therapeutic drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and epilepsy.
Collapse
|
18
|
Hair Microelement Profile as a Prognostic Tool in Parkinson's Disease. TOXICS 2016; 4:toxics4040027. [PMID: 29051430 PMCID: PMC5606652 DOI: 10.3390/toxics4040027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the homeostasis of metals and microelements have been demonstrated in Parkinson’s disease, whose etiology includes both a genetic and environmental basis. We studied the difference of microelements in the hair of Parkinson’s disease subjects (n = 46) compared with healthy controls (n = 24). Hair was chosen as a representative matrix to measure microelements, since it is a vehicle of substance excretion from the human body and it allows for long-term evaluation of metal exposure. An inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis of hair collected from 24 Parkinson’s patients compared with their healthy relatives used as controls shows a significant decrease in Ca (U = 166, p = 0.012),), Mg (U = 187, p = 0.037), and Sr (U = 183, p = 0.030). Cd and Ca/Mg were decreased, and Cu was increased, in patients with respect to their healthy related controls at the limit of significance (p = 0.0501). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of these microelements in hair shows a clustering into two groups according to gender, disease severity according to the Hoehn–Yahr scale, and pharmacological therapy. This pilot study represents a starting point for future investigations where a larger group of subjects will be involved to define other microelements useful when screening for early biomarkers of Parkinson’s disease.
Collapse
|
19
|
Nicotinamide is an endogenous agonist for a C. elegans TRPV OSM-9 and OCR-4 channel. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13135. [PMID: 27731314 PMCID: PMC5064019 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
TRPV ion channels are directly activated by sensory stimuli and participate in thermo-, mechano- and chemo-sensation. They are also hypothesized to respond to endogenous agonists that would modulate sensory responses. Here, we show that the nicotinamide (NAM) form of vitamin B3 is an agonist of a Caenorhabditis elegans TRPV channel. Using heterologous expression in Xenopus oocytes, we demonstrate that NAM is a soluble agonist for a channel consisting of the well-studied OSM-9 TRPV subunit and relatively uncharacterized OCR-4 TRPV subunit as well as the orthologous Drosophila Nan-Iav TRPV channel, and we examine stoichiometry of subunit assembly. Finally, we show that behaviours mediated by these C. elegans and Drosophila channels are responsive to NAM, suggesting conservation of activity of this soluble endogenous metabolite on TRPV activity. Our results in combination with the role of NAM in NAD+ metabolism suggest an intriguing link between metabolic regulation and TRPV channel activity. TRPV are cation channels activated by physical and chemical stimuli. Here the authors show that nicotinamide is a soluble, endogenous agonist for orthologous TRPV channels from C. elegans and Drosophila, unveiling a metabolic-based regulation for TRPV channel activity.
Collapse
|
20
|
Doitsidou M, Jarriault S, Poole RJ. Next-Generation Sequencing-Based Approaches for Mutation Mapping and Identification in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 2016; 204:451-474. [PMID: 27729495 PMCID: PMC5068839 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.115.186197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized the way phenotypic traits are assigned to genes. In this review, we describe NGS-based methods for mapping a mutation and identifying its molecular identity, with an emphasis on applications in Caenorhabditis elegans In addition to an overview of the general principles and concepts, we discuss the main methods, provide practical and conceptual pointers, and guide the reader in the types of bioinformatics analyses that are required. Owing to the speed and the plummeting costs of NGS-based methods, mapping and cloning a mutation of interest has become straightforward, quick, and relatively easy. Removing this bottleneck previously associated with forward genetic screens has significantly advanced the use of genetics to probe fundamental biological processes in an unbiased manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Doitsidou
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, Scotland
| | - Sophie Jarriault
- L'Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7104/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U964, Université de Strasbourg, 67404, France
| | - Richard J Poole
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Joshi KK, Matlack TL, Rongo C. Dopamine signaling promotes the xenobiotic stress response and protein homeostasis. EMBO J 2016; 35:1885-901. [PMID: 27261197 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201592524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Multicellular organisms encounter environmental conditions that adversely affect protein homeostasis (proteostasis), including extreme temperatures, toxins, and pathogens. It is unclear how they use sensory signaling to detect adverse conditions and then activate stress response pathways so as to offset potential damage. Here, we show that dopaminergic mechanosensory neurons in C. elegans release the neurohormone dopamine to promote proteostasis in epithelia. Signaling through the DA receptor DOP-1 activates the expression of xenobiotic stress response genes involved in pathogenic resistance and toxin removal, and these genes are required for the removal of unstable proteins in epithelia. Exposure to a bacterial pathogen (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) results in elevated removal of unstable proteins in epithelia, and this enhancement requires DA signaling. In the absence of DA signaling, nematodes show increased sensitivity to pathogenic bacteria and heat-shock stress. Our results suggest that dopaminergic sensory neurons, in addition to slowing down locomotion upon sensing a potential bacterial feeding source, also signal to frontline epithelia to activate the xenobiotic stress response so as to maintain proteostasis and prepare for possible infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kishore K Joshi
- Department of Genetics, The Waksman Institute Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Tarmie L Matlack
- Department of Genetics, The Waksman Institute Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Christopher Rongo
- Department of Genetics, The Waksman Institute Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Nichols ALA, Meelkop E, Linton C, Giordano-Santini R, Sullivan RK, Donato A, Nolan C, Hall DH, Xue D, Neumann B, Hilliard MA. The Apoptotic Engulfment Machinery Regulates Axonal Degeneration in C. elegans Neurons. Cell Rep 2016; 14:1673-1683. [PMID: 26876181 PMCID: PMC4821572 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Axonal degeneration is a characteristic feature of neurodegenerative disease and nerve injury. Here, we characterize axonal degeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans neurons following laser-induced axotomy. We show that this process proceeds independently of the WLD(S) and Nmnat pathway and requires the axonal clearance machinery that includes the conserved transmembrane receptor CED-1/Draper, the adaptor protein CED-6, the guanine nucleotide exchange factor complex Crk/Mbc/dCed-12 (CED-2/CED-5/CED-12), and the small GTPase Rac1 (CED-10). We demonstrate that CED-1 and CED-6 function non-cell autonomously in the surrounding hypodermis, which we show acts as the engulfing tissue for the severed axon. Moreover, we establish a function in this process for CED-7, an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, and NRF-5, a lipid-binding protein, both associated with release of lipid-vesicles during apoptotic cell clearance. Thus, our results reveal the existence of a WLD(S)/Nmnat-independent axonal degeneration pathway, conservation of the axonal clearance machinery, and a function for CED-7 and NRF-5 in this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annika L A Nichols
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ellen Meelkop
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Casey Linton
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Rosina Giordano-Santini
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Robert K Sullivan
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alessandra Donato
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Cara Nolan
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - David H Hall
- Center for C. elegans Anatomy, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ding Xue
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Brent Neumann
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Massimo A Hilliard
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Evolutionarily conserved mechanisms in calcium handling may underlie intrinsic sensitivity to dopaminergic neuron death. J Neurosci 2014; 34:10795-7. [PMID: 25122882 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2240-14.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|