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Bassi M, Bilel S, Tirri M, Corli G, Di Rosa F, Gregori A, Alkilany AM, Rachid O, Roda E, De Luca F, Papa P, Buscaglia E, Zauli G, Locatelli CA, Marti M. The synthetic cathinones MDPHP and MDPV: Comparison of the acute effects in mice, in silico ADMET profiles and clinical reports. Neurotoxicology 2024; 103:230-255. [PMID: 38955288 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2024.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The 3,4-methylenedioxy-alpha-pyrrolidinohexanophenone (MDPHP) is a synthetic cathinone closely related to 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), one of the most common synthetic cathinones present in the "bath salts". MDPHP has recently gained attention due to increasing seizures and involvement in human intoxications which occurred in Europe and Italy in the last years, but currently there is a lack of information about its pharmaco-toxicological effects. With the aim at filling this gap, the present study is endeavoured to (i) evaluate the effects of acute administration of MDPHP (0.01-20 mg/kg; i.p.) on behaviour, cardiorespiratory and cardiovascular parameters in CD-1 male mice, comparing them to those observed after administration of MDPV; (ii) predict the ADMET profile of the two analogues using the Plus ADMET Predictor®; (iii) present clinical data related to MDPHP and MDPV-induced intoxications recorded between 2011 and 2023 by the Pavia Poison Control Centre (PCC) - National Toxicology Information Centre (Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS Pavia, Italy). Our results substantiated that MDPHP and MDPV similarly affect sensorimotor and behavioural responses in mice, importantly increased locomotion and induced aggressive behaviour, and, at higher dosage, increased heart rate and blood pressure. These findings are in line with those observed in humans, revealing severe toxidromes typically characterized by Central Nervous System (CNS) alterations (behavioural/neuropsychiatric symptoms), including psychomotor agitation and aggressiveness, cardiovascular and respiratory disorders (e.g. tachycardia, hypertension, dyspnoea), and other peripheral symptoms (e.g. hyperthermia, acidosis, rhabdomyolysis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bassi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sabrine Bilel
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Micaela Tirri
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giorgia Corli
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabiana Di Rosa
- Department of Scientific Investigation (RIS), Carabinieri, Rome 00191, Italy
| | - Adolfo Gregori
- Department of Scientific Investigation (RIS), Carabinieri, Rome 00191, Italy
| | - Alaaldin M Alkilany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Qatar
| | - Ousama Rachid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Qatar
| | - Elisa Roda
- Laboratory of Clinical & Experimental Toxicology, Pavia Poison Centre, National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio De Luca
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Pietro Papa
- Laboratory of Analytical Toxicology-Clinical Chemistry, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Eleonora Buscaglia
- Laboratory of Clinical & Experimental Toxicology, Pavia Poison Centre, National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Zauli
- Research Department, King Khaled Eye Specialistic Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Carlo Alessandro Locatelli
- Laboratory of Clinical & Experimental Toxicology, Pavia Poison Centre, National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Marti
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Anti-Drug Policies, Collaborative Center for the Italian National Early Warning System, Presidency of the Council of Ministers, Ferrara, Italy.
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2
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Clifford RE, Maihofer AX, Chatzinakos C, Coleman JRI, Daskalakis NP, Gasperi M, Hogan K, Mikita EA, Stein MB, Tcheandjieu C, Telese F, Zuo Y, Ryan AF, Nievergelt CM. Genetic architecture distinguishes tinnitus from hearing loss. Nat Commun 2024; 15:614. [PMID: 38242899 PMCID: PMC10799010 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44842-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Tinnitus is a heritable, highly prevalent auditory disorder treated by multiple medical specialties. Previous GWAS indicated high genetic correlations between tinnitus and hearing loss, with little indication of differentiating signals. We present a GWAS meta-analysis, triple previous sample sizes, and expand to non-European ancestries. GWAS in 596,905 Million Veteran Program subjects identified 39 tinnitus loci, and identified genes related to neuronal synapses and cochlear structural support. Applying state-of-the-art analytic tools, we confirm a large number of shared variants, but also a distinct genetic architecture of tinnitus, with higher polygenicity and large proportion of variants not shared with hearing difficulty. Tissue-expression analysis for tinnitus infers broad enrichment across most brain tissues, in contrast to hearing difficulty. Finally, tinnitus is not only correlated with hearing loss, but also with a spectrum of psychiatric disorders, providing potential new avenues for treatment. This study establishes tinnitus as a distinct disorder separate from hearing difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Royce E Clifford
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Research Service, San Diego, CA, USA.
- University of California San Diego, Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Adam X Maihofer
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Research Service, San Diego, CA, USA
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Chris Chatzinakos
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA
- McLean Hospital, Center of Excellence in Depression and Anxiety Disorders, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan R I Coleman
- King's College London, NIHR Maudsley BRC, London, UK
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Nikolaos P Daskalakis
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA
- McLean Hospital, Center of Excellence in Depression and Anxiety Disorders, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Marianna Gasperi
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Research Service, San Diego, CA, USA
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kelleigh Hogan
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Research Service, San Diego, CA, USA
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Mikita
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Research Service, San Diego, CA, USA
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Murray B Stein
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Psychiatry Service, San Diego, CA, USA
- University of California San Diego, School of Public Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Francesca Telese
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yanning Zuo
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Allen F Ryan
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Research Service, San Diego, CA, USA
- University of California San Diego, Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Caroline M Nievergelt
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Research Service, San Diego, CA, USA.
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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3
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Moleti A, Minniti T, Viziano A, Stefani A, Cerroni R, Garasto E, Pierantozzi M, Sisto R. Enhanced suppression of otoacoustic emissions by contralateral stimulation in Parkinson's disease. JASA EXPRESS LETTERS 2023; 3:104401. [PMID: 37787697 DOI: 10.1121/10.0021187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine depletion affects several aspects of hearing function. Previous work [Wu, Yi, Manca, Javaid, Lauer, and Glowatzki, eLife 9, e52419 (2020)] demonstrated the role of dopamine in reducing the firing rates of inner ear cells, which is thought to decrease synaptic excitotoxicity. Thus, a lack of dopamine could indirectly increase acoustic stimulation of medial olivocochlear efferents. To investigate that, here we studied contralateral suppression of distortion product otoacoustic emissions in a population of Parkinsonian patients, compared to an age-matched control group, both audiometrically tested. To rule out activation of the acoustic reflex, middle ear impedance was monitored during testing. The results show significantly stronger contralateral suppression in the patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Moleti
- Department of Physics, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Triestino Minniti
- Department of Physics, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Viziano
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, Parkinson's Disease Center, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Stefani
- Department of Systems Medicine, Parkinson's Disease Center, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Rocco Cerroni
- Department of Systems Medicine, Parkinson's Disease Center, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Garasto
- Department of Systems Medicine, Parkinson's Disease Center, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariangela Pierantozzi
- Department of Systems Medicine, Parkinson's Disease Center, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Renata Sisto
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Istituto Nazionale per l'Assicurazione Contro gli Infortuni sul Lavoro, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, , , , , , , ,
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4
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Yang Y, Murtha K, Climer LK, Ceriani F, Thompson P, Hornak AJ, Marcotti W, Simmons DD. Oncomodulin regulates spontaneous calcium signalling and maturation of afferent innervation in cochlear outer hair cells. J Physiol 2023; 601:4291-4308. [PMID: 37642186 PMCID: PMC10621907 DOI: 10.1113/jp284690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cochlear outer hair cells (OHCs) are responsible for the exquisite frequency selectivity and sensitivity of mammalian hearing. During development, the maturation of OHC afferent connectivity is refined by coordinated spontaneous Ca2+ activity in both sensory and non-sensory cells. Calcium signalling in neonatal OHCs can be modulated by oncomodulin (OCM, β-parvalbumin), an EF-hand calcium-binding protein. Here, we investigated whether OCM regulates OHC spontaneous Ca2+ activity and afferent connectivity during development. Using a genetically encoded Ca2+ sensor (GCaMP6s) expressed in OHCs in wild-type (Ocm+/+ ) and Ocm knockout (Ocm-/- ) littermates, we found increased spontaneous Ca2+ activity and upregulation of purinergic receptors in OHCs from Ocm-/- cochlea immediately following birth. The afferent synaptic maturation of OHCs was delayed in the absence of OCM, leading to an increased number of ribbon synapses and afferent fibres on Ocm-/- OHCs before hearing onset. We propose that OCM regulates the spontaneous Ca2+ signalling in the developing cochlea and the maturation of OHC afferent innervation. KEY POINTS: Cochlear outer hair cells (OHCs) exhibit spontaneous Ca2+ activity during a narrow period of neonatal development. OHC afferent maturation and connectivity requires spontaneous Ca2+ activity. Oncomodulin (OCM, β-parvalbumin), an EF-hand calcium-binding protein, modulates Ca2+ signals in immature OHCs. Using transgenic mice that endogenously expressed a Ca2+ sensor, GCaMP6s, we found increased spontaneous Ca2+ activity and upregulated purinergic receptors in Ocm-/- OHCs. The maturation of afferent synapses in Ocm-/- OHCs was also delayed, leading to an upregulation of ribbon synapses and afferent fibres in Ocm-/- OHCs before hearing onset. We propose that OCM plays an important role in modulating Ca2+ activity, expression of Ca2+ channels and afferent innervation in developing OHCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, 101 Bagby Ave, Waco, TX
| | - Kaitlin Murtha
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, 101 Bagby Ave, Waco, TX
| | - Leslie K. Climer
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, 101 Bagby Ave, Waco, TX
| | - Federico Ceriani
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Pierce Thompson
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, 101 Bagby Ave, Waco, TX
| | - Aubrey J. Hornak
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, 101 Bagby Ave, Waco, TX
| | - Walter Marcotti
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Sheffield Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Dwayne D. Simmons
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, 101 Bagby Ave, Waco, TX
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX
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Leme MS, Sanches SGG, Carvallo RMM. Peripheral hearing in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review. Int J Audiol 2023; 62:805-813. [PMID: 35980314 DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2022.2109073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the implications of Parkinson's disease (PD) in the peripheral auditory system, a systematic survey of the scientific literature was conducted. DESIGN Systematic review. STUDY SAMPLE An electronic search of the non-gray literature in the last decade was conducted using the digital databases MEDLINE® (PubMed interface), LILACS® (Virtual Health Library), Web of Science® (CAPES publications portal), and SciELO®. Studies addressing peripheral auditory function as part of the range of nonmotor PD symptoms were selected for analysis. RESULTS Pure tone audiometry data suggested that sensorineural hearing loss was more severe in the PD population than in the control groups. The effects of PD on cochlear function were evidenced by a decrease in the levels of otoacoustic emissions. CONCLUSIONS Sensorineural hearing loss and cochlear impairment are more severe in the PD population than in the control groups. Additional studies are recommended to further understand the characteristics of the peripheral auditory system in PD patients, which constitutes an emerging subject in the scientific literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana S Leme
- Department of Physiotherapy, Speech Therapy & Audiology and Occupational Therapy, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo-FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Seisse G G Sanches
- Department of Physiotherapy, Speech Therapy & Audiology and Occupational Therapy, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo-FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata M M Carvallo
- Department of Physiotherapy, Speech Therapy & Audiology and Occupational Therapy, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo-FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil
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6
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Yang Y, Murtha K, Climer LK, Ceriani F, Thompson P, Hornak AJ, Marcotti W, Simmons DD. Oncomodulin Regulates Spontaneous Calcium Signaling and Maturation of Afferent Innervation in Cochlear Outer Hair Cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.01.529895. [PMID: 36909575 PMCID: PMC10002690 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.01.529895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Cochlear outer hair cells (OHCs) are responsible for the exquisite frequency selectivity and sensitivity of mammalian hearing. During development, the maturation of OHC afferent connectivity is refined by coordinated spontaneous Ca 2+ activity in both sensory and non-sensory cells. Calcium signaling in neonatal OHCs can be modulated by Oncomodulin (OCM, β-parvalbumin), an EF-hand calcium-binding protein. Here, we investigated whether OCM regulates OHC spontaneous Ca 2+ activity and afferent connectivity during development. Using a genetically encoded Ca 2+ sensor (GCaMP6s) expressed in OHCs in wild-type (Ocm +/+ ) and Ocm knockout (Ocm -/- ) littermates, we found increased spontaneous Ca 2+ activity and upregulation of purinergic receptors in OHCs from GCaMP6s Ocm -/- cochlea immediately following birth. The afferent synaptic maturation of OHCs was delayed in the absence of OCM, leading to an increased number of ribbon synapses and afferent fibers on GCaMP6s Ocm -/- OHCs before hearing onset. We propose that OCM regulates the spontaneous Ca 2+ signaling in the developing cochlea and the maturation of OHC afferent innervation.
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7
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Kaiser M, Lüdtke TH, Deuper L, Rudat C, Christoffels VM, Kispert A, Trowe MO. TBX2 specifies and maintains inner hair and supporting cell fate in the Organ of Corti. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7628. [PMID: 36494345 PMCID: PMC9734556 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35214-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The auditory function of the mammalian cochlea relies on two types of mechanosensory hair cells and various non-sensory supporting cells. Recent studies identified the transcription factors INSM1 and IKZF2 as regulators of outer hair cell (OHC) fate. However, the transcriptional regulation of the differentiation of inner hair cells (IHCs) and their associated inner supporting cells (ISCs) has remained enigmatic. Here, we show that the expression of the transcription factor TBX2 is restricted to IHCs and ISCs from the onset of differentiation until adulthood and examine its function using conditional deletion and misexpression approaches in the mouse. We demonstrate that TBX2 acts in prosensory progenitors as a patterning factor by specifying the inner compartment of the sensory epithelium that subsequently gives rise to IHCs and ISCs. Hair cell-specific inactivation or misexpression causes transdifferentiation of hair cells indicating a cell-autonomous function of TBX2 in inducing and maintaining IHC fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Kaiser
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Institute of Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Timo H. Lüdtke
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Institute of Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lena Deuper
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Institute of Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Carsten Rudat
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Institute of Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Vincent M. Christoffels
- grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010Medical Biology, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Kispert
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Institute of Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mark-Oliver Trowe
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Institute of Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Ma X, Guo J, Fu Y, Shen C, Jiang P, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Yu Y, Fan J, Chai R. G protein-coupled receptors in cochlea: Potential therapeutic targets for hearing loss. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1028125. [PMID: 36311029 PMCID: PMC9596917 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1028125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of hearing loss-related diseases caused by different factors is increasing worldwide year by year. Currently, however, the patient’s hearing loss has not been effectively improved. Therefore, there is an urgent need to adopt new treatment measures and treatment techniques to help improve the therapeutic effect of hearing loss. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), as crucial cell surface receptors, can widely participate in different physiological and pathological processes, particularly play an essential role in many disease occurrences and be served as promising therapeutic targets. However, no specific drugs on the market have been found to target the GPCRs of the cochlea. Interestingly, many recent studies have demonstrated that GPCRs can participate in various pathogenic process related to hearing loss in the cochlea including heredity, noise, ototoxic drugs, cochlear structure, and so on. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the functions of 53 GPCRs known in the cochlea and their relationships with hearing loss, and highlight the recent advances of new techniques used in cochlear study including cryo-EM, AI, GPCR drug screening, gene therapy vectors, and CRISPR editing technology, as well as discuss in depth the future direction of novel GPCR-based drug development and gene therapy for cochlear hearing loss. Collectively, this review is to facilitate basic and (pre-) clinical research in this area, and provide beneficial help for emerging GPCR-based cochlear therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiamin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaoyang Fu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cangsong Shen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yafeng Yu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, China
- *Correspondence: Yafeng Yu,
| | - Jiangang Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Jiangang Fan,
| | - Renjie Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Renjie Chai,
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9
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Wilson P, Apawu AK. Deafening noise down-regulates dopamine transmission in the hub of the central auditory system. Neurochem Int 2022; 159:105382. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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10
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Grierson KE, Hickman TT, Liberman MC. Dopaminergic and cholinergic innervation in the mouse cochlea after noise-induced or age-related synaptopathy. Hear Res 2022; 422:108533. [PMID: 35671600 PMCID: PMC11195664 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2022.108533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cochlear synaptopathy, the loss of or damage to connections between auditory-nerve fibers (ANFs) and inner hair cells (IHCs), is a prominent pathology in noise-induced and age-related hearing loss. Here, we investigated if degeneration of the olivocochlear (OC) efferent innervation is also a major aspect of the synaptopathic ear, by quantifying the volume and spatial organization of its cholinergic and dopaminergic components, using antibodies to vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAT) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), respectively. CBA/CaJ male mice were examined 1 day to 8 months after a synaptopathic noise exposure, and compared to unexposed age-matched controls and unexposed aged mice at 24-28 months. In normal ears, cholinergic lateral (L)OC terminals were denser in the apical half of the cochlea and on the modiolar side of the inner hair cells (IHCs), where ANFs of low-spontaneous rate are typically found, while dopaminergic terminals were more common in the basal third of the cochlea and, re the IHC axes, were offset towards the habenula with respect to cholinergic terminals. The noise had only small and transient effects on the density of LOC innervation, its spatial organization around the IHC axes, or the extent to which TH and VAT signal were colocalized. The synaptopathic noise also had relatively small and transient effects on cholinergic innervation density in the outer hair cell (OHC) area, which normally peaks in the 16 kHz region and falls monotonically towards higher and lower frequencies. In contrast, in the aged ears, there was massive degeneration of OHC efferents, especially in the apical half of the cochlea, where there was also significant loss of OHCs. In the IHC area, there was significant loss of cholinergic terminals in both apical and basal regions and of dopaminergic innervation in the basal half. Furthermore, the cholinergic terminals in the aged ears spread from their normal clustering near the IHC basolateral pole, where the ANF synapses are found, to positions up and down the IHC somata and regions of the neuropil closer to the habenula. This apparent migration was most striking in the apex, where the hair cell pathology was greatest, and may be a harbinger of impending hair cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiera E Grierson
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, 02114 USA; Dept of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115 USA; Hearing Research Lab, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, AUS
| | - Tyler T Hickman
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, 02114 USA; Dept of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115 USA.
| | - M Charles Liberman
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, 02114 USA; Dept of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115 USA
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11
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Kishimoto-Urata M, Urata S, Fujimoto C, Yamasoba T. Role of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Acquired Inner Ear Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1469. [PMID: 36009187 PMCID: PMC9405327 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxygen metabolism in the mitochondria is essential for biological activity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced simultaneously in the cell. Once an imbalance between ROS production and degradation (oxidative stress) occurs, cells are damaged. Sensory organs, especially those for hearing, are constantly exposed during daily life. Therefore, almost all mammalian species are liable to hearing loss depending on their environment. In the auditory pathway, hair cells, spiral ganglion cells, and the stria vascularis, where mitochondria are abundant, are the main targets of ROS. Excessive generation of ROS in auditory sensory organs is widely known to cause sensorineural hearing loss, and mitochondria-targeted antioxidants are candidates for treatment. This review focuses on the relationship between acquired hearing loss and antioxidant use to provide an overview of novel antioxidants, namely medicines, supplemental nutrients, and natural foods, based on clinical, animal, and cultured-cell studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tatsuya Yamasoba
- Department of Otolaryngology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 1138655, Japan; (M.K.-U.); (S.U.); (C.F.)
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12
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Oncomodulin (OCM) uniquely regulates calcium signaling in neonatal cochlear outer hair cells. Cell Calcium 2022; 105:102613. [PMID: 35797824 PMCID: PMC9297295 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Romero GE, Trussell LO. Central circuitry and function of the cochlear efferent systems. Hear Res 2022; 425:108516. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2022.108516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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14
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Crozier RA, Wismer ZQ, Parra-Munevar J, Plummer MR, Davis RL. Amplification of input differences by dynamic heterogeneity in the spiral ganglion. J Neurophysiol 2022; 127:1317-1333. [PMID: 35389760 PMCID: PMC9054264 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00544.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A defining feature of type I primary auditory afferents that compose ∼95% of the spiral ganglion is their intrinsic electrophysiological heterogeneity. This diversity is evident both between and within unitary, rapid, and slow adaptation (UA, RA, and SA) classes indicative of specializations designed to shape sensory receptor input. But to what end? Our initial impulse is to expect the opposite: that auditory afferents fire uniformly to represent acoustic stimuli with accuracy and high fidelity. Yet this is clearly not the case. One explanation for this neural signaling strategy is to coordinate a system in which differences between input stimuli are amplified. If this is correct, then stimulus disparity enhancements within the primary afferents should be transmitted seamlessly into auditory processing pathways that utilize population coding for difference detection. Using sound localization as an example, one would expect to observe separately regulated differences in intensity level compared with timing or spectral cues within a graded tonotopic distribution. This possibility was evaluated by examining the neuromodulatory effects of cAMP on immature neurons with high excitability and slow membrane kinetics. We found that electrophysiological correlates of intensity and timing were indeed independently regulated and tonotopically distributed, depending on intracellular cAMP signaling level. These observations, therefore, are indicative of a system in which differences between signaling elements of individual stimulus attributes are systematically amplified according to auditory processing constraints. Thus, dynamic heterogeneity mediated by cAMP in the spiral ganglion has the potential to enhance the representations of stimulus input disparities transmitted into higher level difference detection circuitry.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Can changes in intracellular second messenger signaling within primary auditory afferents shift our perception of sound? Results presented herein lead to this conclusion. We found that intracellular cAMP signaling level systematically altered the kinetics and excitability of primary auditory afferents, exemplifying how dynamic heterogeneity can enhance differences between electrophysiological correlates of timing and intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zachary Q Wismer
- AtlantiCare Regional Medical Center, Department of Family Medicine, Atlantic City, New Jersey
| | - Jeffrey Parra-Munevar
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Mark R Plummer
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Robin L Davis
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
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15
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De Santis E, Minicozzi V, Rossi G, Stellato F, Morante S. Is styrene competitive for dopamine receptor binding? Biomol Concepts 2022; 13:200-206. [DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2022-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The potential role of styrene oxide in altering the dopaminergic pathway in the ear is investigated by means of molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. We estimate the binding affinity of both styrene oxide and dopamine to the dopaminergic receptor DrD2 by computing the free-energy difference, ∆G, between the configuration where the ligand is bound to the receptor and the situation in which it is “infinitely” far away from it. The results show that the styrene oxide has a somewhat lower affinity for binding with respect to dopamine, which, however, may not be enough to prevent exogenous high concentration styrene oxide to compete with endogenous dopamine for DrD2 binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano De Santis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Chemistry, BMC, Uppsala University , Husargatan 3 , 752 37 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Velia Minicozzi
- Department of Physics, University of Rome Tor Vergata and Istituto di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1 , 00133 Roma , Italy
| | - Giancarlo Rossi
- Hystorical Museum for Physics and Enrico Fermi Studies and Research Center, Department of Physics, University of Rome Tor Vergata and Istituto di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1 , 00133 Roma , Italy
- Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, Via Panisperna 89a , 00184 Roma , Italy
| | - Francesco Stellato
- Department of Physics, University of Rome Tor Vergata and Istituto di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1 , 00133 Roma , Italy
| | - Silvia Morante
- Department of Physics, University of Rome Tor Vergata and Istituto di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1 , 00133 Roma , Italy
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16
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Zhao HB, Liu LM, Yu N, Zhu Y, Mei L, Chen J, Liang C. Efferent neurons control hearing sensitivity and protect hearing from noise through the regulation of gap junctions between cochlear supporting cells. J Neurophysiol 2022; 127:313-327. [PMID: 34907797 PMCID: PMC8759971 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00468.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
It is critical for hearing that the descending cochlear efferent system provides a negative feedback to hair cells to regulate hearing sensitivity and protect hearing from noise. The medial olivocochlear (MOC) efferent nerves project to outer hair cells (OHCs) to regulate OHC electromotility, which is an active cochlear amplifier and can increase hearing sensitivity. Here, we report that the MOC efferent nerves also could innervate supporting cells (SCs) in the vicinity of OHCs to regulate hearing sensitivity. MOC nerve fibers are cholinergic, and acetylcholine (ACh) is a primary neurotransmitter. Immunofluorescent staining showed that MOC nerve endings, presynaptic vesicular acetylcholine transporters (VAChTs), and postsynaptic ACh receptors were visible at SCs and in the SC area. Application of ACh in SCs could evoke a typical inward current and reduce gap junctions (GJs) between them, which consequently enhanced the direct effect of ACh on OHCs to shift but not eliminate OHC electromotility. This indirect, GJ-mediated inhibition had a long-lasting influence. In vivo experiments further demonstrated that deficiency of this GJ-mediated efferent pathway decreased the regulation of active cochlear amplification and compromised the protection against noise. In particular, distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) showed a delayed reduction after noise exposure. Our findings reveal a new pathway for the MOC efferent system via innervating SCs to control active cochlear amplification and hearing sensitivity. These data also suggest that this SC GJ-mediated efferent pathway may play a critical role in long-term efferent inhibition and is required for protection of hearing from noise trauma.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The cochlear efferent system provides a negative feedback to control hair cell activity and hearing sensitivity and plays a critical role in noise protection. We reveal a new efferent control pathway in which medial olivocochlear efferent fibers have innervations with cochlear supporting cells to control their gap junctions, therefore regulating outer hair cell electromotility and hearing sensitivity. This supporting cell gap junction-mediated efferent control pathway is required for the protection of hearing from noise.
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17
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Neurotransmitter and Neurotransmitter Receptor Expression in the Saccule of the Human Vestibular System. Prog Neurobiol 2022; 212:102238. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Liu Q, Li N, Yang Y, Yan X, Dong Y, Peng Y, Shi J. Prediction of the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Erlong Zuoci Treatment of Age-Related Hearing Loss via Network Pharmacology-Based Analyses Combined with Experimental Validation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:719267. [PMID: 34887749 PMCID: PMC8650627 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.719267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The traditional Chinese medicine formula ErLong ZuoCi (ELZC) has been extensively used to treat age-related hearing loss (ARHL) in clinical practice in China for centuries. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood. Objective: Combine network pharmacology with experimental validation to explore the potential molecular mechanisms underlying ELZC with a systematic viewpoint. Methods: The chemical components of ELZC were collected from the Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology database, and their possible target proteins were predicted using the SwissTargetPrediction database. The putative ARHL-related target proteins were identified from the database: GeneCards and OMIM. We constructed the drug-target network as well as drug-disease specific protein-protein interaction networks and performed clustering and topological property analyses. Functional annotation and signaling pathways were performed by gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis. Finally, in vitro experiments were also performed to validate ELZC’s key target proteins and treatment effects on ARHL. Results: In total, 63 chemical compounds from ELZC and 365 putative ARHL-related targets were identified, and 1860 ARHL-related targets were collected from the OMIM and GeneCards. A total of 145 shared targets of ELZC and ARHL were acquired by Venn diagram analysis. Functional enrichment analysis suggested that ELZC might exert its pharmacological effects in multiple biological processes, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, inflammatory response, and synaptic connections, and the potential targets might be associated with AKT, ERK, and STAT3, as well as other proteins. In vitro experiments revealed that ELZC pretreatment could decrease senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity in hydrogen peroxide-induced auditory hair cells, eliminate DNA damage, and reduce cellular senescence protein p21 and p53. Finally, Western blot analysis confirmed that ELZC could upregulate the predicted target ERK phosphorylation. Conclusion: We provide an integrative network pharmacology approach, in combination with in vitro experiments to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms governing ELZC treatment of ARHL. The protective effects of ELZC against ARHL were predicted to be associated with cellular senescence, inflammatory response, and synaptic connections which might be linked to various pathways such as JNK/STAT3 and ERK cascade signaling pathways. As a prosperous possibility, our experimental data suggest phosphorylation ERK is essential for ELZC to prevent degeneration of cochlear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifang Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xirui Yan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Dong
- Experimental Teaching Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinting Peng
- Experimental Teaching Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianrong Shi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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19
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Climer LK, Hornak AJ, Murtha K, Yang Y, Cox AM, Simpson PL, Le A, Simmons DD. Deletion of Oncomodulin Gives Rise to Early Progressive Cochlear Dysfunction in C57 and CBA Mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:749729. [PMID: 34867279 PMCID: PMC8634891 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.749729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ signaling is a major contributor to sensory hair cell function in the cochlea. Oncomodulin (OCM) is a Ca2+ binding protein (CaBP) preferentially expressed in outer hair cells (OHCs) of the cochlea and few other specialized cell types. Here, we expand on our previous reports and show that OCM delays hearing loss in mice of two different genetic backgrounds: CBA/CaJ and C57Bl/6J. In both backgrounds, genetic disruption of Ocm leads to early progressive hearing loss as measured by auditory brainstem response (ABR) and distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE). In both strains, loss of Ocm reduced hearing across lifetime (hearing span) by more than 50% relative to wild type (WT). Even though the two WT strains have very different hearing spans, OCM plays a considerable and similar role within their genetic environment to regulate hearing function. The accelerated age-related hearing loss (ARHL) of the Ocm KO illustrates the importance of Ca2+ signaling in maintaining hearing health. Manipulation of OCM and Ca2+ signaling may reveal important clues to the systems of function/dysfunction that lead to ARHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie K Climer
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
| | - Aubrey J Hornak
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
| | - Kaitlin Murtha
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
| | - Andrew M Cox
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
| | | | - Andy Le
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
| | - Dwayne D Simmons
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States.,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
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20
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Plazas PV, Elgoyhen AB. The Cholinergic Lateral Line Efferent Synapse: Structural, Functional and Molecular Similarities With Those of the Cochlea. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:765083. [PMID: 34712122 PMCID: PMC8545859 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.765083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate hair cell (HC) systems are innervated by efferent fibers that modulate their response to external stimuli. In mammals, the best studied efferent-HC synapse, the cholinergic medial olivocochlear (MOC) efferent system, makes direct synaptic contacts with HCs. The net effect of MOC activity is to hyperpolarize HCs through the activation of α9α10 nicotinic cholinergic receptors (nAChRs) and the subsequent activation of Ca2+-dependent SK2 potassium channels. A serious obstacle in research on many mammalian sensory systems in their native context is that their constituent neurons are difficult to access even in newborn animals, hampering circuit observation, mapping, or controlled manipulation. By contrast, fishes and amphibians have a superficial and accessible mechanosensory system, the lateral line (LL), which circumvents many of these problems. LL responsiveness is modulated by efferent neurons which aid to distinguish between external and self-generated stimuli. One component of the LL efferent system is cholinergic and its activation inhibits LL afferent activity, similar to what has been described for MOC efferents. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has emerged as a powerful model system for studying human hearing and balance disorders, since LL HC are structurally and functionally analogous to cochlear HCs, but are optically and pharmacologically accessible within an intact specimen. Complementing mammalian studies, zebrafish have been used to gain significant insights into many facets of HC biology, including mechanotransduction and synaptic physiology as well as mechanisms of both hereditary and acquired HC dysfunction. With the rise of the zebrafish LL as a model in which to study auditory system function and disease, there has been an increased interest in studying its efferent system and evaluate the similarity between mammalian and piscine efferent synapses. Advances derived from studies in zebrafish include understanding the effect of the LL efferent system on HC and afferent activity, and revealing that an α9-containing nAChR, functionally coupled to SK channels, operates at the LL efferent synapse. In this review, we discuss the tools and findings of these recent investigations into zebrafish efferent-HC synapse, their commonalities with the mammalian counterpart and discuss several emerging areas for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola V Plazas
- Instituto de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Belén Elgoyhen
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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21
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Parra-Munevar J, Morse CE, Plummer MR, Davis RL. Dynamic Heterogeneity Shapes Patterns of Spiral Ganglion Activity. J Neurosci 2021; 41:8859-8875. [PMID: 34551939 PMCID: PMC8549539 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0924-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural response properties that typify primary sensory afferents are critical to fully appreciate because they establish and, ultimately represent, the fundamental coding design used for higher-level processing. Studies illuminating the center-surround receptive fields of retinal ganglion cells, for example, were ground-breaking because they determined the foundation of visual form detection. For the auditory system, a basic organizing principle of the spiral ganglion afferents is their extensive electrophysiological heterogeneity establishing diverse intrinsic firing properties in neurons throughout the spiral ganglion. Moreover, these neurons display an impressively large array of neurotransmitter receptor types that are responsive to efferent feedback. Thus, electrophysiological diversity and its neuromodulation are a fundamental encoding mechanism contributed by the primary afferents in the auditory system. To place these features into context, we evaluated the effects of hyperpolarization and cAMP on threshold level as indicators of overall afferent responsiveness in CBA/CaJ mice of either sex. Hyperpolarization modified threshold gradients such that distinct voltage protocols could shift the relationship between sensitivity and stimulus input to reshape resolution. This resulted in an "accordion effect" that appeared to stretch, compress, or maintain responsivity across the gradient of afferent thresholds. cAMP targeted threshold and kinetic shifts to rapidly adapting neurons, thus revealing multiple cochleotopic properties that could potentially be independently regulated. These examples of dynamic heterogeneity in primary auditory afferents not only have the capacity to shift the range, sensitivity, and resolution, but to do so in a coordinated manner that appears to orchestrate changes with a seemingly unlimited repertoire.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT How do we discriminate the more nuanced qualities of the sound around us? Beyond the basics of pitch and loudness, aspects, such as pattern, distance, velocity, and location, are all attributes that must be used to encode acoustic sensations effectively. While higher-level processing is required for perception, it would not be unexpected if the primary auditory afferents optimized receptor input to expedite neural encoding. The findings reported herein are consistent with this design. Neuromodulation compressed, expanded, shifted, or realigned intrinsic electrophysiological heterogeneity to alter neuronal responses selectively and dynamically. This suggests that diverse spiral ganglion phenotypes provide a rich substrate to support an almost limitless array of coding strategies within the first neural element of the auditory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Parra-Munevar
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Charles E Morse
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Mark R Plummer
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Robin L Davis
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
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22
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Qin J, Wei T, Chen H, Lin X, Qin D, Wei F, Liu P, Ye W, Su J. Salicylate Induced GABAAR Internalization by Dopamine D1-Like Receptors Involving Protein Kinase C (PKC) in Spiral Ganglion Neurons. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e933278. [PMID: 34657931 PMCID: PMC8532520 DOI: 10.12659/msm.933278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium salicylate (SS) induces excitotoxicity of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) by inhibiting the response of γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAARs). Our previous studies have shown that SS can increase the internalization of GABAARs on SGNs, which involves dopamine D1-like receptors (D1Rs) and related signaling pathways. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of D1Rs and their downstream molecule protein kinase C (PKC) in the process of SS inhibiting GABAARs. MATERIAL AND METHODS The expression of D1Rs and GABARγ2 on rat cochlear SGNs cultured in vitro was tested by immunofluorescence. Then, the SGNs were exposed to SS, D1R agonist (SKF38393), D1R antagonist (SCH23390), clathrin/dynamin-mediated endocytosis inhibitor (dynasore), and PKC inhibitor (Bisindolylmaleimide I). Western blotting and whole-cell patch clamp technique were used to assess the changes of surface and total protein of GABARγ2 and GABA-activated currents. RESULTS Immunofluorescence showed that D1 receptors (DRD1) were expressed on SGNs. Data from western blotting showed that SS promoted the internalization of cell surface GABAARs, and activating D1Rs had the same result. Inhibiting D1Rs and PKC decreased the internalization of GABAARs. Meanwhile, the phosphorylation level of GABAARγ2 S327 affected by PKC was positively correlated with the degree of internalization of GABAARs. Moreover, whole-cell patch clamp recording showed that inhibition of D1Rs or co-inhibition of D1Rs and PKC attenuated the inhibitory effect of SS on GABA-activated currents. CONCLUSIONS D1Rs mediate the GABAAR internalization induced by SS via a PKC-dependent manner and participate in the excitotoxic process of SGNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyuan Qin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Tingjia Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Huiying Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoyu Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Danxue Qin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Fangyu Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Peiqiang Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Wenhua Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Jiping Su
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
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23
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Meredith FL, Rennie KJ. Dopaminergic Inhibition of Na + Currents in Vestibular Inner Ear Afferents. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:710321. [PMID: 34580582 PMCID: PMC8463658 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.710321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inner ear hair cells form synapses with afferent terminals and afferent neurons carry signals as action potentials to the central nervous system. Efferent neurons have their origins in the brainstem and some make synaptic contact with afferent dendrites beneath hair cells. Several neurotransmitters have been identified that may be released from efferent terminals to modulate afferent activity. Dopamine is a candidate efferent neurotransmitter in both the vestibular and auditory systems. Within the cochlea, activation of dopamine receptors may reduce excitotoxicity at the inner hair cell synapse via a direct effect of dopamine on afferent terminals. Here we investigated the effect of dopamine on sodium currents in acutely dissociated vestibular afferent calyces to determine if dopaminergic signaling could also modulate vestibular responses. Calyx terminals were isolated along with their accompanying type I hair cells from the cristae of gerbils (P15-33) and whole cell patch clamp recordings performed. Large transient sodium currents were present in all isolated calyces; compared to data from crista slices, resurgent Na+ currents were rare. Perfusion of dopamine (100 μM) in the extracellular solution significantly reduced peak transient Na+ currents by approximately 20% of control. A decrease in Na+ current amplitude was also seen with extracellular application of the D2 dopamine receptor agonist quinpirole, whereas the D2 receptor antagonist eticlopride largely abolished the response to dopamine. Inclusion of the phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid in the patch electrode solution occluded the response to dopamine. The reduction in calyx sodium current in response to dopamine suggests efferent signaling through D2 dopaminergic receptors may occur via common mechanisms to decrease excitability in inner ear afferents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances L Meredith
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Katherine J Rennie
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States.,Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
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24
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Liu W, Liu Q, Crozier RA, Davis RL. Analog Transmission of Action Potential Fine Structure in Spiral Ganglion Axons. J Neurophysiol 2021; 126:888-905. [PMID: 34346782 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00237.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Action potential waveforms generated at the axon initial segment (AIS) are specialized between and within neuronal classes. But is the fine structure of each electrical event retained when transmitted along myelinated axons or is it rapidly and uniformly transmitted to be modified again at the axon terminal? To address this issue action potential axonal transmission was evaluated in a class of primary sensory afferents that possess numerous types of voltage-gated ion channels underlying a complex repertoire of endogenous firing patterns. In addition to their signature intrinsic electrophysiological heterogeneity, spiral ganglion neurons are uniquely designed. The bipolar, myelinated somata of type I neurons are located within the conduction pathway, requiring that action potentials generated at the first heminode must be conducted through their electrically excitable membrane. We utilized this unusual axonal-like morphology to serve as a window into action potential transmission to compare locally-evoked action potential profiles to those generated peripherally at their glutamatergic synaptic connections with hair cell receptors. These comparisons showed that the distinctively-shaped somatic action potentials were highly correlated with the nodally-generated, invading ones for each neuron. This result indicates that the fine structure of the action potential waveform is maintained axonally, thus supporting the concept that analog signaling is incorporated into each digitally-transmitted action potential in the specialized primary auditory afferents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenke Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States.,Institute for System Genetics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States.,Inscopix, Inc., Palo Alto, California, United States
| | - Robert A Crozier
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States.,Synergy Pharmaceuticals Inc., New York, NY, United States
| | - Robin L Davis
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
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25
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Kitcher SR, Pederson AM, Weisz CJC. Diverse identities and sites of action of cochlear neurotransmitters. Hear Res 2021; 419:108278. [PMID: 34108087 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2021.108278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Accurate encoding of acoustic stimuli requires temporally precise responses to sound integrated with cellular mechanisms that encode the complexity of stimuli over varying timescales and orders of magnitude of intensity. Sound in mammals is initially encoded in the cochlea, the peripheral hearing organ, which contains functionally specialized cells (including hair cells, afferent and efferent neurons, and a multitude of supporting cells) to allow faithful acoustic perception. To accomplish the demanding physiological requirements of hearing, the cochlea has developed synaptic arrangements that operate over different timescales, with varied strengths, and with the ability to adjust function in dynamic hearing conditions. Multiple neurotransmitters interact to support the precision and complexity of hearing. Here, we review the location of release, action, and function of neurotransmitters in the mammalian cochlea with an emphasis on recent work describing the complexity of signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siân R Kitcher
- Section on Neuronal Circuitry, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Alia M Pederson
- Section on Neuronal Circuitry, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Catherine J C Weisz
- Section on Neuronal Circuitry, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
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26
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De Groote E, Bockstael A, Botteldooren D, Santens P, De Letter M. The Effect of Parkinson's Disease on Otoacoustic Emissions and Efferent Suppression of Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2021; 64:1354-1368. [PMID: 33769843 DOI: 10.1044/2020_jslhr-20-00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Several studies have demonstrated increased auditory thresholds in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) based on subjective tonal audiometry. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying auditory dysfunction in PD remain elusive. The primary aim of this study was to investigate cochlear and olivocochlear function in PD using objective measurements and to assess the effect of dopaminergic medication on auditory function. Method Eighteen patients with PD and 18 gender- and age-matched healthy controls (HCs) were included. Patients with PD participated in medication on and off conditions. Linear mixed models were used to determine the effect of PD on tonal audiometry, transient evoked and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (OAEs), and efferent suppression (ES). Results Tonal audiometry revealed normal auditory thresholds in patients with PD for their age across all frequencies. OAE signal amplitudes demonstrated a significant interaction effect between group (PD vs. HC) and frequency, indicating decreased OAEs at low frequencies and increased OAEs at high frequencies in patients with PD. No significant differences were found between patients with PD and HCs regarding ES. In addition, no significant effect of medication status was found on auditory measurements in patients with PD. Conclusions Altered OAEs support the hypothesis of cochlear alterations in PD. No evidence was found for the involvement of the medial olivocochlear system. Altogether, OAEs may provide an objective early indicator of auditory alterations in PD and should complement subjective tonal audiometry when assessing and monitoring auditory function in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annelies Bockstael
- Acoustics Research Group, Department of Information Technology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Dick Botteldooren
- Acoustics Research Group, Department of Information Technology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | | | - Miet De Letter
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium
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27
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Harris S, Afram R, Shimano T, Fyk-Kolodziej B, Walker PD, Braun RD, Holt AG. Dopamine in Auditory Nuclei and Lemniscal Projections is Poised to Influence Acoustic Integration in the Inferior Colliculus. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:624563. [PMID: 33746717 PMCID: PMC7973212 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.624563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) modulates the activity of nuclei within the ascending and descending auditory pathway. Previous studies have identified neurons and fibers in the inferior colliculus (IC) which are positively labeled for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a key enzyme in the synthesis of dopamine. However, the origins of the tyrosine hydroxylase positive projections to the inferior colliculus have not been fully explored. The lateral lemniscus (LL) provides a robust inhibitory projection to the inferior colliculus and plays a role in the temporal processing of sound. In the present study, immunoreactivity for tyrosine hydroxylase was examined in animals with and without 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions. Lesioning, with 6-OHDA placed in the inferior colliculus, led to a significant reduction in tyrosine hydroxylase immuno-positive labeling in the lateral lemniscus and inferior colliculus. Immunolabeling for dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT), enzymes responsible for the synthesis of norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E), respectively, were evaluated. Very little immunoreactivity for DBH and no immunoreactivity for PNMT was found within the cell bodies of the dorsal, intermediate, or ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus. The results indicate that catecholaminergic neurons of the lateral lemniscus are likely dopaminergic and not noradrenergic or adrenergic. Next, high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was used to confirm that dopamine is present in the inferior colliculus and nuclei that send projections to the inferior colliculus, including the cochlear nucleus (CN), superior olivary complex (SOC), lateral lemniscus, and auditory cortex (AC). Finally, fluorogold, a retrograde tracer, was injected into the inferior colliculus of adult rats. Each subdivision of the lateral lemniscus contained fluorogold within the somata, with the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus showing the most robust projections to the inferior colliculus. Fluorogold-tyrosine hydroxylase colocalization within the lateral lemniscus was assessed. The dorsal and intermediate nuclei neurons exhibiting similar degrees of colocalization, while neurons of the ventral nucleus had significantly fewer colocalized fluorogold-tyrosine hydroxylase labeled neurons. These results suggest that several auditory nuclei that project to the inferior colliculus contain dopamine, dopaminergic neurons in the lateral lemniscus project to the inferior colliculus and that dopaminergic neurotransmission is poised to play a pivotal role in the function of the inferior colliculus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharonda Harris
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida School of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Renee Afram
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | | | - Bozena Fyk-Kolodziej
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Paul D. Walker
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Rod D. Braun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Avril Genene Holt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
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Edvinsson L, Haanes KA. Identifying New Antimigraine Targets: Lessons from Molecular Biology. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 42:217-225. [PMID: 33495027 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Primary headaches are one of the most common conditions; migraine being most prevalent. Recent work on the pathophysiology of migraine suggests a mismatch in the communication or tuning of the trigeminovascular system, leading to sensitization and the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). In the current Opinion, we use the up-to-date molecular understanding of mechanisms behind migraine pain, to provide novel aspects on how to modify the system and for the development of future treatments; acute as well as prophylactic. We explore the distribution and the expression of neuropeptides themselves, as well as certain ion channels, and most importantly how they may act in concert as modulators of excitability of both the trigeminal C neurons and the Aδ neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Edvinsson
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Kristian Agmund Haanes
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Denmark
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29
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Gökay NY, Gündüz B, Söke F, Karamert R. Evaluation of Efferent Auditory System and Hearing Quality in Parkinson's Disease: Is the Difficulty in Speech Understanding in Complex Listening Conditions Related to Neural Degeneration or Aging? JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2021; 64:263-271. [PMID: 33375830 DOI: 10.1044/2020_jslhr-20-00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The effects of neurological diseases on the auditory system have been a notable issue for investigators because the auditory pathway is closely associated with neural systems. The purposes of this study are to evaluate the efferent auditory system function and hearing quality in Parkinson's disease (PD) and to compare the findings with age-matched individuals without PD to present a perspective on aging. Method The study included 35 individuals with PD (mean age of 48.50 ± 8.00 years) and 35 normal-hearing peers (mean age of 49 ± 10 years). The following tests were administered for all participants: the first section of the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale; pure-tone audiometry, speech audiometry, tympanometry, and acoustic reflexes; and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) and contralateral suppression of DPOAEs. SPSS Version 25 was used for statistical analyses, and values of p < .05 were considered statistically significant. Results There were no statistically significant differences in the pure-tone audiometry thresholds and DPOAE responses between the individuals with PD and their normal-hearing peers (p = .732). However, statistically significant differences were found between the groups in suppression levels of DPOAEs and hearing quality (p < .05). In addition, a statistically significant and positive correlation was found between the amount of suppression at some frequencies and the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale scores. Conclusions This study indicates that medial olivocochlear efferent system function and the hearing quality of individuals with PD were affected adversely due to the results of PD pathophysiology on the hearing system. For optimal intervention and follow-up, tasks related to hearing quality in daily life can also be added to therapies for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bülent Gündüz
- Gazi University Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Audiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatih Söke
- Gülhane Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Sağlık Bilimleri University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Recep Karamert
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ankara, Turkey
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30
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Hua Y, Ding X, Wang H, Wang F, Lu Y, Neef J, Gao Y, Moser T, Wu H. Electron Microscopic Reconstruction of Neural Circuitry in the Cochlea. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108551. [PMID: 33406431 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies reveal great diversity in the structure, function, and efferent innervation of afferent synaptic connections between the cochlear inner hair cells (IHCs) and spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs), which likely enables audition to process a wide range of sound pressures. By performing an extensive electron microscopic (EM) reconstruction of the neural circuitry in the mature mouse organ of Corti, we demonstrate that afferent SGN dendrites differ in abundance and composition of efferent innervation in a manner dependent on their afferent synaptic connectivity with IHCs. SGNs that sample glutamate release from several presynaptic ribbons receive more efferent innervation from lateral olivocochlear projections than those driven by a single ribbon. Next to the prevailing unbranched SGN dendrites, we found branched SGN dendrites that can contact several ribbons of 1-2 IHCs. Unexpectedly, medial olivocochlear neurons provide efferent innervation of SGN dendrites, preferring those forming single-ribbon, pillar-side synapses. We propose a fine-tuning of afferent and efferent SGN innervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Hua
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China; Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Connectomics, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
| | - Xu Ding
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China; Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jakob Neef
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Auditory Neuroscience Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yunge Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China; Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Tobias Moser
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Auditory Neuroscience Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany; Multiscale Bioimaging Cluster of Excellence, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China; Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Yıldırım Gökay N, Yücel E. Bilateral cochlear implantation: an assessment of language sub-skills and phoneme recognition in school-aged children. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 278:2093-2100. [PMID: 33231756 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-020-06493-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSES The main purpose of this study is to investigate whether there is a difference in phoneme recognition and school-age language skills in children with bilateral and unilateral cochlear implants (CI). The second aim of the study is to examine language-based skills in bilateral cochlear implanted children with the first implant, second implant and in the bilateral listening situations. METHOD 60 to 108-month-old children with similar demographic and audiological features were included. Of the 64 participants in total, 30 are bilateral cochlear implant users and 34 of them use unilateral cochlear implants. Turkish version of "Test of Language Development-Primary: Fourth edition (TOLD-P:4)" and "Phoneme Recognition Test (PRT)" were implemented for the evaluation of the language sub-components skills and auditory perception. In addition, the PRT test audio file was presented directly to the implant with connection cables via the fitting program methodologically. RESULTS Children with bilateral cochlear implants were more successful in all language-based skills than children with unilateral cochlear implants (p < 0.05). In the PRT test, the most successful scores were obtained in the bilateral listening conditions, the second with the experienced implant side, and the most unsuccessful scores in the listening conditions with second implant. CONCLUSION Bilateral cochlear implants are very useful in terms of language-based skills in children with severe/profound hearing loss. This can positively affect even the future academic and social skills of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuriye Yıldırım Gökay
- Department of Audiology, Gazi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, 06745, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Esra Yücel
- Department of Audiology, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
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32
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Sisto R, Viziano A, Stefani A, Moleti A, Cerroni R, Liguori C, Garasto E, Pierantozzi M. Lateralization of cochlear dysfunction as a specific biomarker of Parkinson's disease. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa144. [PMID: 33376982 PMCID: PMC7751021 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, animal studies highlighted the sensitivity of hearing function to lack of specific cochlear dopamine receptors, while several studies on humans reported association between hearing loss and Parkinson's disease, partially recovered after levodopa administration in de novo patients. Taken together, these observations suggest investigating the possible use of cochlear function outcome variables, particularly, otoacoustic emissions, as sensitive biomarkers of Parkinson's disease. Any lateralization of hearing dysfunction correlated with Parkinson's disease lateralization would (i) further confirm their association and (ii) provide a disease-specific differential outcome variable. Differential indicators are particularly useful for diagnostic purposes, because their effectiveness is not limited by physiological inter-subject fluctuations of the outcome variable. Recent advances in the acquisition and analysis techniques of otoacoustic emissions suggest using them for evaluating differential cochlear damage in the two ears. In this study, we quantitatively evaluated hearing function in a population of subjects with Parkinson's disease, to investigate the occurrence of hearing loss, and, particularly, whether hearing dysfunction shows lateralization correlated with motor symptoms. Pure tone audiometry and distortion product otoacoustic emissions were used as outcome variables in 80 patients (mean age 65 ± 9 years) and 41 controls (mean age 64 ± 10 years). An advanced customized acquisition and analysis system was developed and used for otoacoustic testing, which guarantees response stability independent of probe insertion depth, and has the sensitivity necessary to accurately assess the low levels of otoacoustic response typical of elderly subjects. To our knowledge, this is the first study introducing the distinction between ipsilateral and contralateral ear, with respect to the body side more affected by Parkinson's disease motor symptoms. Significant asymmetry was found in the auditory function, as both otoacoustic responses and audiometric hearing levels were worse in the ipsilateral ear. Significantly worse hearing function was also observed in patients with Parkinson's disease compared to controls, confirming previous studies. Several pathophysiological mechanisms may be hypothesized to explain asymmetric cochlear damage in Parkinson's disease, including the impairment of dopamine release and the involvement of extra-dopaminergic circuits, with the cholinergic pathway as a likely candidate. The observed asymmetry in the audiological response of patients with Parkinson's disease suggests that lateralization of hearing dysfunction could represent a specific non-motor signature of the disease. The possible diagnostic use of cochlear dysfunction asymmetry as a specific biomarker of Parkinson's disease deserves further investigation, needing a more precise quantitative assessment, which would require a larger sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Sisto
- INAIL Research, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone (Rome), Italy
| | - Andrea Viziano
- Department of Physics, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Stefani
- Department of Systems Medicine, Parkinson’s Disease Center, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Arturo Moleti
- Department of Physics, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Rocco Cerroni
- Department of Systems Medicine, Parkinson’s Disease Center, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Liguori
- Department of Systems Medicine, Parkinson’s Disease Center, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Garasto
- Department of Systems Medicine, Parkinson’s Disease Center, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariangela Pierantozzi
- Department of Systems Medicine, Parkinson’s Disease Center, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Fan L, Zhang Z, Wang H, Li C, Xing Y, Yin S, Chen Z, Wang J. Pre-exposure to Lower-Level Noise Mitigates Cochlear Synaptic Loss Induced by High-Level Noise. Front Syst Neurosci 2020; 14:25. [PMID: 32477075 PMCID: PMC7235317 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2020.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The auditory sensory organs appear to be less damaged by exposure to high-level noise that is presented after exposure to non-traumatizing low-level noise. This phenomenon is known as the toughening or conditioning effect. Functionally, it is manifested by a reduced threshold shift, and morphologically by a reduced hair cell loss. However, it remains unclear whether prior exposure to toughening noise can mitigate the synaptic loss induced by exposure to damaging noise. Since the cochlear afferent synapse between the inner hair cells and primary auditory neurons has been identified as a novel site involved in noise-induced cochlear damage, we were interested in assessing whether this synapse can be toughened. In the present study, the synaptic loss was induced by a damaging noise exposure (106 dB SPL) and compared across Guinea pigs who had and had not been previously exposed to a toughening noise (85 dB SPL). Results revealed that the toughening noise heavily reduced the synaptic loss observed 1 day after exposure to the damaging noise. Although it was significant, the protective effect of the toughening noise on permanent synaptic loss was much smaller. Compared with cases in the control group without noise exposure, coding deficits were seen in both toughened groups, as reflected in the compound action potential (CAP) by signals with amplitude modulation. In general, the pre-exposure to the toughening noise resulted in a significantly reduced synaptic loss by the high-level noise. However, this morphological protection was not accompanied by a robust functional benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
| | - Yazhi Xing
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
| | - Shankai Yin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengnong Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China.,School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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De-Giorgio F, Bilel S, Tirri M, Arfè R, Trapella C, Camuto C, Foti F, Frisoni P, Neri M, Botrè F, Marti M. Methiopropamine and its acute behavioral effects in mice: is there a gray zone in new psychoactive substances users? Int J Legal Med 2020; 134:1695-1711. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-020-02302-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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35
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Morbiato E, Bilel S, Tirri M, Arfè R, Fantinati A, Savchuk S, Appolonova S, Frisoni P, Tagliaro F, Neri M, Grignolio S, Bertolucci C, Marti M. Potential of the zebrafish model for the forensic toxicology screening of NPS: A comparative study of the effects of APINAC and methiopropamine on the behavior of zebrafish larvae and mice. Neurotoxicology 2020; 78:36-46. [PMID: 32050087 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The increased diffusion of the so-called novel psychoactive substances (NPS) and their continuous change in structure andconceivably activity has led to the need of a rapid screening method to detect their biological effects as early as possible after their appearance in the market. This problem is very felt in forensic pathology and toxicology, so the preclinical study is fundamental in the approach to clinical and autopsy cases of difficult interpretation intoxication. Zebrafish is a high-throughput suitable model to rapidly hypothesize potential aversive or beneficial effects of novel molecules. In the present study, we measured and compared the behavioral responses to two novel neuroactive drugs, namely APINAC, a new cannabimimetic drug, and methiopropamine (MPA), a methamphetamine-like compound, on zebrafish larvae (ZL) and adult mice. By using an innovative statistical approach (general additive models), it was found that the spontaneous locomotor activity was impaired by the two drugs in both species: the disruption extent varied in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. Sensorimotor function was also altered: i) the visual object response was reduced in mice treated with APINAC, whereas it was not after exposure to MPA; ii) the visual placing responses were reduced after treatment with both NPS in mice. Furthermore, the visual motor response detected in ZL showed a reduction after treatment with APINAC during light-dark and dark-light transition. The same pattern was found in the MPA exposed groups only at the dark-light transition, while at the transition from light to dark, the individuals showed an increased response. In conclusion, the present study highlighted the impairment of spontaneous motor and sensorimotor behavior induced by MPA and APINAC administration in both species, thus confirming the usefulness of ZL as a model for a rapid behavioural-based drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Morbiato
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (SVeB), University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sabrine Bilel
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Micaela Tirri
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Raffaella Arfè
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Italy; Institute of Public Health, Section of Legal Medicine, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Fantinati
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sergey Savchuk
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana Appolonova
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Paolo Frisoni
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Franco Tagliaro
- Unit of Forensic Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Policlinico "G.B. Rossi", Verona, Italy; Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Margherita Neri
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Cristiano Bertolucci
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (SVeB), University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Matteo Marti
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Italy; Collaborative Center for the Italian National Early Warning System, Department of Anti-Drug Policies, Presidency of the Council of Ministers, Italy.
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36
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Wu JS, Yi E, Manca M, Javaid H, Lauer AM, Glowatzki E. Sound exposure dynamically induces dopamine synthesis in cholinergic LOC efferents for feedback to auditory nerve fibers. eLife 2020; 9:52419. [PMID: 31975688 PMCID: PMC7043886 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lateral olivocochlear (LOC) efferent neurons modulate auditory nerve fiber (ANF) activity using a large repertoire of neurotransmitters, including dopamine (DA) and acetylcholine (ACh). Little is known about how individual neurotransmitter systems are differentially utilized in response to the ever-changing acoustic environment. Here we present quantitative evidence in rodents that the dopaminergic LOC input to ANFs is dynamically regulated according to the animal's recent acoustic experience. Sound exposure upregulates tyrosine hydroxylase, an enzyme responsible for dopamine synthesis, in cholinergic LOC intrinsic neurons, suggesting that individual LOC neurons might at times co-release ACh and DA. We further demonstrate that dopamine down-regulates ANF firing rates by reducing both the hair cell release rate and the size of synaptic events. Collectively, our results suggest that LOC intrinsic neurons can undergo on-demand neurotransmitter re-specification to re-calibrate ANF activity, adjust the gain at hair cell/ANF synapses, and possibly to protect these synapses from noise damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Sherry Wu
- Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,The Center for Sensory Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,The Center for Hearing and Balance, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Eunyoung Yi
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Marco Manca
- The Center for Sensory Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,The Center for Hearing and Balance, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Hamad Javaid
- The Center for Sensory Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,The Center for Hearing and Balance, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Amanda M Lauer
- The Center for Sensory Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,The Center for Hearing and Balance, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Elisabeth Glowatzki
- Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,The Center for Sensory Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,The Center for Hearing and Balance, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
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37
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Ramírez T, Soto E, Vega R. Opioid modulation of cochlear auditory responses in the rat inner ear. Synapse 2019; 74:e22128. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.22128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Ramírez
- Instituto de Fisiología Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Puebla Mexico
| | - Enrique Soto
- Instituto de Fisiología Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Puebla Mexico
| | - Rosario Vega
- Instituto de Fisiología Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Puebla Mexico
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38
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Košec A, Kruljac I, Ajduk J. Remission of Recurrent Cochlear Hydrops Associated With Bromocriptine Treatment for Macroprolactinoma. Am J Audiol 2019; 28:548-552. [PMID: 31430172 DOI: 10.1044/2019_aja-18-0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Current recommendations for cochlear hydrops treatment include systemic glucocorticoids and diuretics. Cochlear cells express dopamine receptors, although their role is unknown in the pathophysiology of cochlear hydrops. Case Description We report the case of remission of recurrent right-sided cochlear hydrops in a young male patient treated with bromocriptine due to pituitary macroprolactinoma. Transient improvement was observed after oral steroid and diuretic treatment, but cochlear hydrops recurred until the dose of bromocriptine was increased to 10 mg daily. Conclusion Bromocriptine may stimulate dopamine receptors in cochlear cells with potential therapeutic role in patients with cochlear hydrops. There are no widely accepted and effective treatments for endolymphatic hydrops, and identifying potential new and efficacious therapeutics is of high relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andro Košec
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Zagreb School of Medicine, University Hospital Centre “Sestre Milosrdnice,” Croatia
| | - Ivan Kruljac
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases “Mladen Sekso,” University Hospital Centre “Sestre Milosrdnice,” Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jakov Ajduk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Zagreb School of Medicine, University Hospital Centre “Sestre Milosrdnice,” Croatia
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39
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Perelmuter JT, Wilson AB, Sisneros JA, Forlano PM. Forebrain Dopamine System Regulates Inner Ear Auditory Sensitivity to Socially Relevant Acoustic Signals. Curr Biol 2019; 29:2190-2198.e3. [PMID: 31204161 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine is integral to attentional and motivational processes, but studies are largely restricted to the central nervous system. In mammals [1, 2] and fishes [3, 4], central dopaminergic neurons project to the inner ear and could modulate acoustic signals at the earliest stages of processing. Studies in rodents show dopamine inhibits cochlear afferent neurons and protects against noise-induced acoustic injury [5-10]. However, other functions for inner ear dopamine have not been investigated, and the effect of dopamine on peripheral auditory processing in non-mammalians remains unknown [11, 12]. Insights could be gained by studies conducted in the context of intraspecific acoustic communication. We present evidence from a vocal fish linking reproductive-state-dependent changes in auditory sensitivity with seasonal changes in the dopaminergic efferent system in the saccule, their primary organ of hearing. Plainfin midshipman (Porichthys notatus) migrate from deep-water winter habitats to the intertidal zone in the summer to breed. Nesting males produce nocturnal vocalizations to attract females [13]. Both sexes undergo seasonal enhancement of hearing sensitivity at the level of the hair cell [14-16], increasing the likelihood of detecting conspecific signals [17, 18]. Importantly, reproductive females concurrently have reduced dopaminergic input to the saccule [19]. Here, we show that dopamine decreases saccule auditory sensitivity via a D2-like receptor. Saccule D2a receptor expression is reduced in the summer and correlates with sensitivity within and across seasons. We propose that reproductive-state-dependent changes to the dopaminergic efferent system provide a release of inhibition in the saccule, enhancing peripheral encoding of social-acoustic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan T Perelmuter
- Psychology Subprogram in Behavioral & Cognitive Neuroscience, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 5(th) Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; Biology Department, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA.
| | - Anthony B Wilson
- Biology Department, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA; Biology Subprogram in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 5(th) Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Joseph A Sisneros
- Psychology Department, University of Washington, Guthrie Hall, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Paul M Forlano
- Psychology Subprogram in Behavioral & Cognitive Neuroscience, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 5(th) Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; Biology Department, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA; Biology Subprogram in Neuroscience, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 5(th) Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; Biology Subprogram in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 5(th) Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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40
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Abstract
Cholinergic efferent neurons originating in the brainstem innervate the acoustico-lateralis organs (inner ear, lateral line) of vertebrates. These release acetylcholine (ACh) to inhibit hair cells through activation of calcium-dependent potassium channels. In the mammalian cochlea, ACh shunts and suppresses outer hair cell (OHC) electromotility, reducing the essential amplification of basilar membrane motion. Consequently, medial olivocochlear neurons that inhibit OHCs reduce the sensitivity and frequency selectivity of afferent neurons driven by cochlear vibration of inner hair cells (IHCs). The cholinergic synapse on hair cells involves an unusual ionotropic ACh receptor, and a near-membrane postsynaptic cistern. Lateral olivocochlear (LOC) neurons modulate type I afferents by still-to-be-defined synaptic mechanisms. Olivocochlear neurons can be activated by a reflex arc that includes the auditory nerve and projections from the cochlear nucleus. They are also subject to modulation by higher-order central auditory interneurons. Through its actions on cochlear hair cells, afferent neurons, and higher centers, the olivocochlear system protects against age-related and noise-induced hearing loss, improves signal coding in noise under certain conditions, modulates selective attention to sensory stimuli, and influences sound localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Albert Fuchs
- The Center for Hearing and Balance, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205-2195
| | - Amanda M Lauer
- The Center for Hearing and Balance, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205-2195
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41
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Vyas P, Wu JS, Jimenez A, Glowatzki E, Fuchs PA. Characterization of transgenic mouse lines for labeling type I and type II afferent neurons in the cochlea. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5549. [PMID: 30944354 PMCID: PMC6447598 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41770-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The cochlea is innervated by type I and type II afferent neurons. Type I afferents are myelinated, larger diameter neurons that send a single dendrite to contact a single inner hair cell, whereas unmyelinated type II afferents are fewer in number and receive input from many outer hair cells. This strikingly differentiated innervation pattern strongly suggests specialized functions. Those functions could be investigated with specific genetic markers that enable labeling and manipulating each afferent class without significantly affecting the other. Here three mouse models were characterized and tested for specific labeling of either type I or type II cochlear afferents. Nos1CreER mice showed selective labeling of type I afferent fibers, Slc6a4-GFP mice labeled type II fibers with a slight preference for the apical cochlea, and Drd2-Cre mice selectively labeled type II afferent neurons nearer the cochlear base. In conjunction with the Th2A-CreER and CGRPα-EGFP lines described previously for labeling type II fibers, the mouse lines reported here comprise a promising toolkit for genetic manipulations of type I and type II cochlear afferent fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankhuri Vyas
- The Center for Hearing and Balance, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Jingjing Sherry Wu
- The Center for Hearing and Balance, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Adrian Jimenez
- The Center for Hearing and Balance, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Elisabeth Glowatzki
- The Center for Hearing and Balance, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Paul Albert Fuchs
- The Center for Hearing and Balance, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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42
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Sheppard AM, Zhao DL, Salvi R. Isoflurane anesthesia suppresses distortion product otoacoustic emissions in rats. J Otol 2018; 13:59-64. [PMID: 30559766 PMCID: PMC6291629 DOI: 10.1016/j.joto.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A commonly used anesthetic, isoflurane, can impair auditory function in a dose-dependent manner. However, in rats, isoflurane-induced auditory impairments have only been assessed with auditory brainstem responses; a measure which is unable to distinguish if changes originate from the central or peripheral auditory system. Studies performed in other species, such as mice and guinea-pigs, suggests auditory impairment stems from disrupted OHC amplification. Despite the wide use of the rat in auditory research, these observations have yet to be replicated in the rat animal model. This study used distortion product otoacoustic emissions to assess outer hair cell function in rats that were anesthetized with either isoflurane or a ketamine/xylazine cocktail for approximately 45 min. Results indicate that isoflurane can significantly reduce DPOAE amplitudes compared to ketamine/xylazine, and that responses were more variable with isoflurane than ketamine/xylazine over the 45-min test period. Based on these observations, isoflurane should be used with caution when assessing peripheral auditory function to avoid potentially confounding effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Sheppard
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, State University of New York at Buffalo, 137 Cary Hall, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Deng-Ling Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Providence, China
| | - Richard Salvi
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, State University of New York at Buffalo, 137 Cary Hall, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
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43
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Haehnel-Taguchi M, Fernandes AM, Böhler M, Schmitt I, Tittel L, Driever W. Projections of the Diencephalospinal Dopaminergic System to Peripheral Sense Organs in Larval Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). Front Neuroanat 2018; 12:20. [PMID: 29615872 PMCID: PMC5868122 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2018.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic neurons of the descending diencephalospinal system are located in the posterior tuberculum (PT) in zebrafish (Danio rerio), and correspond in mammals to the A11 group in hypothalamus and thalamus. In the larval zebrafish, they are likely the only source of central dopaminergic projections to the periphery. Here, we characterized posterior tubercular dopaminergic fibers projecting to peripheral sense organs, with a focus on the lateral line neuromasts. We labeled and identified catecholaminergic neurons and their projections by combining two immunofluorescence techniques, (i) using an antibody against Tyrosine hydroxylase, and (ii) using an antibody against GFP in transgenic zebrafish expressing in catecholaminergic neurons either membrane-anchored GFP to track fibers, or a Synaptophysin-GFP fusion to visualize putative synapses. We applied the CLARITY method to 6 days old whole zebrafish larvae to stain and analyze dopaminergic projections by confocal microscopy. We found that all lateral line neuromasts receive direct innervation by posterior tubercular dopaminergic neurons, and tracked these projections in detail. In addition, we found dopaminergic fibers projecting to the anterior and posterior lateral line ganglia, and extensive central dopaminergic arborizations around the terminal projection field of the lateral line afferent neurons in the hindbrain medial octavolateralis nucleus (MON). Therefore, dopaminergic innervation may affect lateral line sense information at different processing stages. Additional dopaminergic fibers innervate the trigeminal ganglion, and we observed fine catecholaminergic fibers in the skin with arborization patterns similar to free sensory nerve endings. We also detected potentially dopaminergic fibers innervating inner ear sensory epithelia. Therefore, the diencephalospinal A11-type dopaminergic system may broadly modulate peripheral senses. We also briefly report peripheral sympathetic catecholaminergic projections labeled in our experiments, and their innervation of the developing intestine, swim bladder and abdominal organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Haehnel-Taguchi
- Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Institute Biology I, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - António M Fernandes
- Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Institute Biology I, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department Genes-Circuits-Behavior, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Margit Böhler
- Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Institute Biology I, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ina Schmitt
- Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Institute Biology I, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lena Tittel
- Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Institute Biology I, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Driever
- Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Institute Biology I, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS-Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, Freiburg, Germany
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44
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Frenzilli G, Ryskalin L, Ferrucci M, Cantafora E, Chelazzi S, Giorgi FS, Lenzi P, Scarcelli V, Frati A, Biagioni F, Gambardella S, Falleni A, Fornai F. Loud Noise Exposure Produces DNA, Neurotransmitter and Morphological Damage within Specific Brain Areas. Front Neuroanat 2017; 11:49. [PMID: 28694773 PMCID: PMC5483448 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2017.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to loud noise is a major environmental threat to public health. Loud noise exposure, apart from affecting the inner ear, is deleterious for cardiovascular, endocrine and nervous systems and it is associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. In this study we investigated DNA, neurotransmitters and immune-histochemical alterations induced by exposure to loud noise in three major brain areas (cerebellum, hippocampus, striatum) of Wistar rats. Rats were exposed to loud noise (100 dBA) for 12 h. The effects of noise on DNA integrity in all three brain areas were evaluated by using Comet assay. In parallel studies, brain monoamine levels and morphology of nigrostriatal pathways, hippocampus and cerebellum were analyzed at different time intervals (24 h and 7 days) after noise exposure. Loud noise produced a sudden increase in DNA damage in all the brain areas under investigation. Monoamine levels detected at 7 days following exposure were differently affected depending on the specific brain area. Namely, striatal but not hippocampal dopamine (DA) significantly decreased, whereas hippocampal and cerebellar noradrenaline (NA) was significantly reduced. This is in line with pathological findings within striatum and hippocampus consisting of a decrease in striatal tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) combined with increased Bax and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Loud noise exposure lasting 12 h causes immediate DNA, and long-lasting neurotransmitter and immune-histochemical alterations within specific brain areas of the rat. These alterations may suggest an anatomical and functional link to explain the neurobiology of diseases which prevail in human subjects exposed to environmental noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Frenzilli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Larisa Ryskalin
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Michela Ferrucci
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Emanuela Cantafora
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Chelazzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Filippo S Giorgi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Paola Lenzi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Vittoria Scarcelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Frati
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico IRCCS NeuromedIsernia, Italy
| | - Francesca Biagioni
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico IRCCS NeuromedIsernia, Italy
| | - Stefano Gambardella
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico IRCCS NeuromedIsernia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Falleni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Fornai
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of PisaPisa, Italy.,Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico IRCCS NeuromedIsernia, Italy
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45
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Perelmuter JT, Forlano PM. Connectivity and ultrastructure of dopaminergic innervation of the inner ear and auditory efferent system of a vocal fish. J Comp Neurol 2017; 525:2090-2108. [PMID: 28118481 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) is a conserved modulator of vertebrate neural circuitry, yet our knowledge of its role in peripheral auditory processing is limited to mammals. The present study combines immunohistochemistry, neural tract tracing, and electron microscopy to investigate the origin and synaptic characteristics of DA fibers innervating the inner ear and the hindbrain auditory efferent nucleus in the plainfin midshipman, a vocal fish that relies upon the detection of mate calls for reproductive success. We identify a DA cell group in the diencephalon as a common source for innervation of both the hindbrain auditory efferent nucleus and saccule, the main hearing endorgan of the inner ear. We show that DA terminals in the saccule contain vesicles but transmitter release appears paracrine in nature, due to the apparent lack of synaptic contacts. In contrast, in the hindbrain, DA terminals form traditional synaptic contacts with auditory efferent neuronal cell bodies and dendrites, as well as unlabeled axon terminals, which, in turn, form inhibitory-like synapses on auditory efferent somata. Our results suggest a distinct functional role for brain-derived DA in the direct and indirect modulation of the peripheral auditory system of a vocal nonmammalian vertebrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan T Perelmuter
- Program in Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York, 10016.,Department of Biology, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, 11210
| | - Paul M Forlano
- Program in Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York, 10016.,Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York, 10016.,Program in Neuroscience, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York, 10016.,Department of Biology, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, 11210.,Aquatic Research and Environmental Assessment Center, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn NY, New York, 11210
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46
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Ablation of the auditory cortex results in changes in the expression of neurotransmission-related mRNAs in the cochlea. Hear Res 2017; 346:71-80. [PMID: 28216123 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The auditory cortex (AC) dynamically regulates responses of the Organ of Corti to sound through descending connections to both the medial (MOC) and lateral (LOC) olivocochlear efferent systems. We have recently provided evidence that AC has a reinforcement role in the responses to sound of the auditory brainstem nuclei. In a molecular level, we have shown that descending inputs from AC are needed to regulate the expression of molecules involved in outer hair cell (OHC) electromotility control, such as prestin and the α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAchR). In this report, we show that descending connections from AC to olivocochlear neurons are necessary to regulate the expression of molecules involved in cochlear afferent signaling. RT-qPCR was performed in rats at 1, 7 and 15 days after unilateral ablation of the AC, and analyzed the time course changes in gene transcripts involved in neurotransmission at the first auditory synapse. This included the glutamate metabolism enzyme glutamate decarboxylase 1 (glud1) and AMPA glutamate receptor subunits GluA2-4. In addition, gene transcripts involved in efferent regulation of type I spiral ganglion neuron (SGN) excitability mediated by LOC, such as the α7 nAchR, the D2 dopamine receptor, and the α1, and γ2 GABAA receptor subunits, were also investigated. Unilateral AC ablation induced up-regulation of GluA3 receptor subunit transcripts, whereas both GluA2 and GluA4 mRNA receptors were down-regulated already at 1 day after the ablation. Unilateral removal of the AC also resulted in up-regulation of the transcripts for α7 nAchR subunit, D2 dopamine receptor, and α1 GABAA receptor subunit at 1 day after the ablation. Fifteen days after the injury, AC ablations induced an up-regulation of glud1 transcripts.
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47
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Dlugaiczyk J, Hecker D, Neubert C, Buerbank S, Campanelli D, Becker CM, Betz H, Knipper M, Rüttiger L, Schick B. Loss of glycine receptors containing the α3 subunit compromises auditory nerve activity, but not outer hair cell function. Hear Res 2016; 337:25-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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48
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Oncomodulin (Ocm), a member of the parvalbumin family of calcium binding proteins, is expressed predominantly by cochlear outer hair cells in subcellular regions associated with either mechanoelectric transduction or electromotility. Targeted deletion of Ocm caused progressive cochlear dysfunction. Although sound-evoked responses are normal at 1 month, by 4 months, mutants show only minimal distortion product otoacoustic emissions and 70-80 dB threshold shifts in auditory brainstem responses. Thus, Ocm is not critical for cochlear development but does play an essential role for cochlear function in the adult mouse. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Numerous proteins act as buffers, sensors, or pumps to control calcium levels in cochlear hair cells. In the inner ear, EF-hand calcium buffers may play a significant role in hair cell function but have been very difficult to study. Unlike other reports of genetic disruption of EF-hand calcium buffers, deletion of oncomodulin (Ocm), which is predominately found in outer hair cells, leads to a progressive hearing loss after 1 month, suggesting that Ocm critically protects hearing in the mature ear.
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Reijntjes DO, Pyott SJ. The afferent signaling complex: Regulation of type I spiral ganglion neuron responses in the auditory periphery. Hear Res 2016; 336:1-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Abstract
UNLABELLED The senses of hearing and balance are subject to modulation by efferent signaling, including the release of dopamine (DA). How DA influences the activity of the auditory and vestibular systems and its site of action are not well understood. Here we show that dopaminergic efferent fibers innervate the acousticolateralis epithelium of the zebrafish during development but do not directly form synapses with hair cells. However, a member of the D1-like receptor family, D1b, tightly localizes to ribbon synapses in inner ear and lateral-line hair cells. To assess modulation of hair-cell activity, we reversibly activated or inhibited D1-like receptors (D1Rs) in lateral-line hair cells. In extracellular recordings from hair cells, we observed that D1R agonist SKF-38393 increased microphonic potentials, whereas D1R antagonist SCH-23390 decreased microphonic potentials. Using ratiometric calcium imaging, we found that increased D1R activity resulted in larger calcium transients in hair cells. The increase of intracellular calcium requires Cav1.3a channels, as a Cav1 calcium channel antagonist, isradipine, blocked the increase in calcium transients elicited by the agonist SKF-38393. Collectively, our results suggest that DA is released in a paracrine fashion and acts at ribbon synapses, likely enhancing the activity of presynaptic Cav1.3a channels and thereby increasing neurotransmission. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The neurotransmitter dopamine acts in a paracrine fashion (diffusion over a short distance) in several tissues and bodily organs, influencing and regulating their activity. The cellular target and mechanism of the action of dopamine in mechanosensory organs, such as the inner ear and lateral-line organ, is not clearly understood. Here we demonstrate that dopamine receptors are present in sensory hair cells at synaptic sites that are required for signaling to the brain. When nearby neurons release dopamine, activation of the dopamine receptors increases the activity of these mechanosensitive cells. The mechanism of dopamine activation requires voltage-gated calcium channels that are also present at hair-cell synapses.
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