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Zhang J, Cai F, Lu R, Xing X, Xu L, Wu K, Gong Z, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Xing M, Song W, Li JD. CNTNAP2 intracellular domain (CICD) generated by γ-secretase cleavage improves autism-related behaviors. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:219. [PMID: 37271769 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01431-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders in children, autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by deficits in language development, social interaction, and repetitive behaviors or inflexible interests. Contactin associated protein like 2 (CNTNAP2), encoding a single transmembrane protein (CNTNAP2) with 1331 amino acid residues, is a widely validated ASD-susceptible gene. Cntnap2-deficient mice also show core autism-relevant behaviors, including the social deficits and repetitive behavior. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying dysfunction CNTNAP2 and ASD remain elusive. In this study, we found a motif within the transmembrane domain of CNTNAP2 was highly homologous to the γ-secretase cleavage site of amyloid-β precursor protein (APP), suggesting that CNTNAP2 may undergo proteolytic cleavage. Further biochemical analysis indicated that CNTNAP2 is cleaved by γ-secretase to produce the CNTNAP2 intracellular domain (CICD). Virally delivery of CICD to the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in Cntnap2-deficient (Cntnap2-/-) mice normalized the deficit in the ASD-related behaviors, including social deficit and repetitive behaviors. Furthermore, CICD promoted the nuclear translocation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase (CASK) to regulate the transcription of genes, such as Prader Willi syndrome gene Necdin. Whereas Necdin deficiency led to reduced social interaction in mice, virally expression of Necdin in the mPFC normalized the deficit in social preference of Cntnap2-/- mice. Our results thus reveal a critical function of CICD and highlight a role of the CNTNAP2-CASK-Necdin signaling pathway in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Furong Laboratory, Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Fang Cai
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Renbin Lu
- Furong Laboratory, Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoliang Xing
- Furong Laboratory, Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, School of Mental Health and Kangning Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Kunyang Wu
- Furong Laboratory, Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Zishan Gong
- Furong Laboratory, Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Yun Zhang
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Mengen Xing
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
- Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, School of Mental Health and Kangning Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Weihong Song
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
- Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, School of Mental Health and Kangning Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
| | - Jia-Da Li
- Furong Laboratory, Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
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2
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Moore A, Chinnaiya K, Kim DW, Brown S, Stewart I, Robins S, Dowsett GKC, Muir C, Travaglio M, Lewis JE, Ebling F, Blackshaw S, Furley A, Placzek M. Loss of Function of the Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule NrCAM Regulates Differentiation, Proliferation and Neurogenesis in Early Postnatal Hypothalamic Tanycytes. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:832961. [PMID: 35464310 PMCID: PMC9022636 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.832961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothalamic tanycytes are neural stem and progenitor cells, but little is known of how they are regulated. Here we provide evidence that the cell adhesion molecule, NrCAM, regulates tanycytes in the adult niche. NrCAM is strongly expressed in adult mouse tanycytes. Immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization analysis revealed that NrCAM loss of function leads to both a reduced number of tanycytes and reduced expression of tanycyte-specific cell markers, along with a small reduction in tyrosine hydroxylase-positive arcuate neurons. Similar analyses of NrCAM mutants at E16 identify few changes in gene expression or cell composition, indicating that NrCAM regulates tanycytes, rather than early embryonic hypothalamic development. Neurosphere and organotypic assays support the idea that NrCAM governs cellular homeostasis. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) shows that tanycyte-specific genes, including a number that are implicated in thyroid hormone metabolism, show reduced expression in the mutant mouse. However, the mild tanycyte depletion and loss of markers observed in NrCAM-deficient mice were associated with only a subtle metabolic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Moore
- School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Bateson Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Neuroscience Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Kavitha Chinnaiya
- School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Bateson Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Neuroscience Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Dong Won Kim
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sarah Brown
- School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Bateson Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Neuroscience Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Iain Stewart
- School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Bateson Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Neuroscience Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Robins
- School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Bateson Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Neuroscience Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Georgina K. C. Dowsett
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Muir
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Travaglio
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jo E. Lewis
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Fran Ebling
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Seth Blackshaw
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Andrew Furley
- School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Bateson Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Neuroscience Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Marysia Placzek
- School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Bateson Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Neuroscience Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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3
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Ottaviani L, Juni RP, de Abreu RC, Sansonetti M, Sampaio-Pinto V, Halkein J, Hegenbarth JC, Ring N, Knoops K, Kocken JMM, Jesus C, Ernault AC, El Azzouzi H, Rühle F, Olieslagers S, Fernandes H, Ferreira L, Braga L, Stoll M, Nascimento DS, de Windt LJ, da Costa Martins PA. Intercellular transfer of miR-200c-3p impairs the angiogenic capacity of cardiac endothelial cells. Mol Ther 2022; 30:2257-2273. [PMID: 35278675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As mediators of intercellular communication, extracellular vesicles containing molecular cargo such as microRNAs, are secreted by cells and taken up by recipient cells to influence their cellular phenotype and function. Here, we report that cardiac stress-induced differential microRNA content, with miR-200c-3p being one of the most enriched, in cardiomyocyte-derived extracellular vesicles mediates functional crosstalk with endothelial cells. Silencing of miR-200c-3p in mice subjected to chronic increased cardiac pressure overload resulted in attenuated hypertrophy, smaller fibrotic areas, higher capillary density and preserved cardiac ejection fraction. Interestingly, we were able to maximal rescue microvascular and cardiac function with very low doses of antagomir, which specifically silences miR-200c-3p expression in the non-myocyte cells. Our results reveal vesicle transfer of miR-200c-3p from cardiomyocytes to cardiac endothelial cells, underlining the importance of cardiac intercellular communication in the pathophysiology of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ottaviani
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - R P Juni
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R C de Abreu
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology,CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M Sansonetti
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - V Sampaio-Pinto
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saude, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomêdicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - J Halkein
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - J C Hegenbarth
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - N Ring
- Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - K Knoops
- Microscope CORE lab, The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - J M M Kocken
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - C Jesus
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology,CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A C Ernault
- Departments of Experimental Cardiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H El Azzouzi
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - F Rühle
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - S Olieslagers
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - H Fernandes
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology,CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - L Ferreira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology,CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - L Braga
- Functional Cell Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - M Stoll
- Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy; Department of Biochemistry, Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - D S Nascimento
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saude, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomêdicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - L J de Windt
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - P A da Costa Martins
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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4
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Conz A, Musi CA, Russo L, Borsello T, Colnaghi L. Super-resolution study of PIAS SUMO E3-ligases in hippocampal and cortical neurons. Eur J Histochem 2021; 65:3241. [PMID: 34459572 PMCID: PMC8419632 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2021.3241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The SUMOylation machinery is a regulator of neuronal activity and synaptic plasticity. It is composed of SUMO isoforms and specialized enzymes named E1, E2 and E3 SUMO ligases. Recent studies have highlighted how SUMO isoforms and E2 enzymes localize with synaptic markers to support previous functional studies but less information is available on E3 ligases. PIAS proteins - belonging to the protein inhibitor of activated STAT (PIAS) SUMO E3-ligase family - are the best-characterized SUMO E3-ligases and have been linked to the formation of spatial memory in rodents. Whether however they exert their function co-localizing with synaptic markers is still unclear. In this study, we applied for the first time structured illumination microscopy (SIM) to PIAS ligases to investigate the co-localization of PIAS1 and PIAS3 with synaptic markers in hippocampal and cortical murine neurons. The results indicate partial co-localization of PIAS1 and PIAS3 with synaptic markers in hippocampal neurons and much rarer occurrence in cortical neurons. This is in line with previous super-resolution reports describing the co-localization with synaptic markers of other components of the SUMOylation machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Conz
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan.
| | - Clara Alice Musi
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan.
| | - Luca Russo
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan.
| | - Tiziana Borsello
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan.
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5
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Yoshikawa K. Necdin: A purposive integrator of molecular interaction networks for mammalian neuron vitality. Genes Cells 2021; 26:641-683. [PMID: 34338396 PMCID: PMC9290590 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Necdin was originally found in 1991 as a hypothetical protein encoded by a neural differentiation‐specific gene transcript in murine embryonal carcinoma cells. Virtually all postmitotic neurons and their precursor cells express the necdin gene (Ndn) during neuronal development. Necdin mRNA is expressed only from the paternal allele through genomic imprinting, a placental mammal‐specific epigenetic mechanism. Necdin and its homologous MAGE (melanoma antigen) family, which have evolved presumedly from a subcomplex component of the SMC5/6 complex, are expressed exclusively in placental mammals. Paternal Ndn‐mutated mice totally lack necdin expression and exhibit various types of neuronal abnormalities throughout the nervous system. Ndn‐null neurons are vulnerable to detrimental stresses such as DNA damage. Necdin also suppresses both proliferation and apoptosis of neural stem/progenitor cells. Functional analyses using Ndn‐manipulated cells reveal that necdin consistently exerts antimitotic, anti‐apoptotic and prosurvival effects. Necdin interacts directly with a number of regulatory proteins including E2F1, p53, neurotrophin receptors, Sirt1 and PGC‐1α, which serve as major hubs of protein–protein interaction networks for mitosis, apoptosis, differentiation, neuroprotection and energy homeostasis. This review focuses on necdin as a pleiotropic protein that integrates molecular interaction networks to promote neuronal vitality in modern placental mammals.
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6
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Laukoter S, Pauler FM, Beattie R, Amberg N, Hansen AH, Streicher C, Penz T, Bock C, Hippenmeyer S. Cell-Type Specificity of Genomic Imprinting in Cerebral Cortex. Neuron 2020; 107:1160-1179.e9. [PMID: 32707083 PMCID: PMC7523403 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In mammalian genomes, a subset of genes is regulated by genomic imprinting, resulting in silencing of one parental allele. Imprinting is essential for cerebral cortex development, but prevalence and functional impact in individual cells is unclear. Here, we determined allelic expression in cortical cell types and established a quantitative platform to interrogate imprinting in single cells. We created cells with uniparental chromosome disomy (UPD) containing two copies of either the maternal or the paternal chromosome; hence, imprinted genes will be 2-fold overexpressed or not expressed. By genetic labeling of UPD, we determined cellular phenotypes and transcriptional responses to deregulated imprinted gene expression at unprecedented single-cell resolution. We discovered an unexpected degree of cell-type specificity and a novel function of imprinting in the regulation of cortical astrocyte survival. More generally, our results suggest functional relevance of imprinted gene expression in glial astrocyte lineage and thus for generating cortical cell-type diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Laukoter
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Florian M Pauler
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Robert Beattie
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Nicole Amberg
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Andi H Hansen
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Carmen Streicher
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Penz
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon Hippenmeyer
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria.
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7
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Sanderson MR, Badior KE, Fahlman RP, Wevrick R. The necdin interactome: evaluating the effects of amino acid substitutions and cell stress using proximity-dependent biotinylation (BioID) and mass spectrometry. Hum Genet 2020; 139:1513-1529. [PMID: 32529326 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-020-02193-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by the loss of function of a set of imprinted genes on chromosome 15q11-15q13. One of these genes, NDN, encodes necdin, a protein that is important for neuronal differentiation and survival. Loss of Ndn in mice causes defects in the formation and function of the nervous system. Necdin is a member of the melanoma-associated antigen gene (MAGE) protein family. The functions of MAGE proteins depend highly on their interactions with other proteins, and in particular MAGE proteins interact with E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases to form MAGE-RING E3 ligase-deubiquitinase complexes. Here, we used proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID) and mass spectrometry (MS) to determine the network of protein-protein interactions (interactome) of the necdin protein. This process yielded novel as well as known necdin-proximate proteins that cluster into a protein network. Next, we used BioID-MS to define the interactomes of necdin proteins carrying coding variants. Variant necdin proteins had interactomes that were distinct from wildtype necdin. BioID-MS is not only a useful tool to identify protein-protein interactions, but also to analyze the effects of variants of unknown significance on the interactomes of proteins involved in genetic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katherine E Badior
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Richard P Fahlman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rachel Wevrick
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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8
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Keeley TP, Mann GE. Defining Physiological Normoxia for Improved Translation of Cell Physiology to Animal Models and Humans. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:161-234. [PMID: 30354965 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00041.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The extensive oxygen gradient between the air we breathe (Po2 ~21 kPa) and its ultimate distribution within mitochondria (as low as ~0.5-1 kPa) is testament to the efforts expended in limiting its inherent toxicity. It has long been recognized that cell culture undertaken under room air conditions falls short of replicating this protection in vitro. Despite this, difficulty in accurately determining the appropriate O2 levels in which to culture cells, coupled with a lack of the technology to replicate and maintain a physiological O2 environment in vitro, has hindered addressing this issue thus far. In this review, we aim to address the current understanding of tissue Po2 distribution in vivo and summarize the attempts made to replicate these conditions in vitro. The state-of-the-art techniques employed to accurately determine O2 levels, as well as the issues associated with reproducing physiological O2 levels in vitro, are also critically reviewed. We aim to provide the framework for researchers to undertake cell culture under O2 levels relevant to specific tissues and organs. We envisage that this review will facilitate a paradigm shift, enabling translation of findings under physiological conditions in vitro to disease pathology and the design of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Keeley
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni E Mann
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London , London , United Kingdom
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9
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Regulatory discrimination of mRNAs by FMRP controls mouse adult neural stem cell differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E11397-E11405. [PMID: 30373821 PMCID: PMC6275535 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1809588115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is caused by the loss of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), an RNA binding protein whose deficiency impacts many brain functions, including differentiation of adult neural stem cells (aNSCs). However, the mechanism by which FMRP influences these processes remains unclear. Here, we performed ribosome profiling and transcriptomic analysis of aNSCs in parallel from wild-type and Fmr1 knockout mice. Our data revealed diverse gene expression changes at both mRNA and translation levels. Many mitosis and neurogenesis genes were dysregulated primarily at the mRNA level, while numerous synaptic genes were mostly dysregulated at the translation level. Translational "buffering", whereby changes in ribosome association with mRNA are compensated by alterations in RNA abundance, was also evident. Knockdown of NECDIN, an FMRP-repressed transcriptional factor, rescued neuronal differentiation. In addition, we discovered that FMRP regulates mitochondrial mRNA expression and energy homeostasis. Thus, FMRP controls diverse transcriptional and posttranscriptional gene expression programs critical for neural differentiation.
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10
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Fujiwara K, Hasegawa K, Oka M, Yoneda Y, Yoshikawa K. Terminal differentiation of cortical neurons rapidly remodels RanGAP-mediated nuclear transport system. Genes Cells 2016; 21:1176-1194. [DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazushiro Fujiwara
- Institute for Protein Research; Osaka University; Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Koichi Hasegawa
- Institute for Protein Research; Osaka University; Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Masahiro Oka
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition; Ibaraki Osaka 567-0085 Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yoneda
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition; Ibaraki Osaka 567-0085 Japan
| | - Kazuaki Yoshikawa
- Institute for Protein Research; Osaka University; Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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11
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Sullivan AE, Peet DJ, Whitelaw ML. MAGED1 is a novel regulator of a select subset of bHLH PAS transcription factors. FEBS J 2016; 283:3488-502. [PMID: 27472814 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) PER-ARNT-SIM (PAS) family generally have critical and nonredundant biological roles, but some bHLH PAS proteins compete for common cofactors or recognise similar DNA elements. Identifying factors that regulate function of bHLH PAS proteins, particularly in cells where multiple family members are coexpressed, is important for understanding bHLH PAS factor biology. This study identifies and characterises a novel interaction between melanoma-associated antigen D1 (MAGED1) and select members of the bHLH PAS transcription factor family. MAGED1 binds and positively regulates the transcriptional activity of family members SIM1, SIM2, NPAS4 and ARNT2, but does not interact with AhR, HIF1α and ARNT. This interaction is mediated by PAS repeat regions which also form the interface for bHLH PAS dimerisation, and accordingly MAGED1 is not found in complex with bHLH PAS dimers. We show that MAGED1 does not affect bHLH PAS protein levels and cannot be acting as a coactivator of transcriptionally active heterodimers, but rather appears to interact with nascent bHLH PAS proteins in the cytoplasm to enhance their function prior to nuclear import. As a selective regulator, MAGED1 may play an important role in the biology of these specific factors and in general bHLH PAS protein dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne E Sullivan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Daniel J Peet
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Murray L Whitelaw
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Adelaide, Australia
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12
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Hasegawa K, Yasuda T, Shiraishi C, Fujiwara K, Przedborski S, Mochizuki H, Yoshikawa K. Promotion of mitochondrial biogenesis by necdin protects neurons against mitochondrial insults. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10943. [PMID: 26971449 PMCID: PMC4793078 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons rely heavily on mitochondria for their function and survival. Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease. PGC-1α is a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Here we identify necdin as a potent PGC-1α stabilizer that promotes mitochondrial biogenesis via PGC-1α in mammalian neurons. Expression of genes encoding mitochondria-specific proteins decreases significantly in necdin-null cortical neurons, where mitochondrial function and expression of the PGC-1α protein are reduced. Necdin strongly stabilizes PGC-1α by inhibiting its ubiquitin-dependent degradation. Forced expression of necdin enhances mitochondrial function in primary cortical neurons and human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells to prevent mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibitor-induced degeneration. Moreover, overexpression of necdin in the substantia nigra in vivo of adult mice protects dopaminergic neurons against degeneration in experimental Parkinson's disease. These data reveal that necdin promotes mitochondrial biogenesis through stabilization of endogenous PGC-1α to exert neuroprotection against mitochondrial insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Regulation of Neuronal Development, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toru Yasuda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Chinatsu Shiraishi
- Laboratory of Regulation of Neuronal Development, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazushiro Fujiwara
- Laboratory of Regulation of Neuronal Development, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Serge Przedborski
- Department of Neurology, Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Yoshikawa
- Laboratory of Regulation of Neuronal Development, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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13
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Lee HJ, Choi NY, Lee SW, Ko K, Hwang TS, Han DW, Lim J, Schöler HR, Ko K. Epigenetic alteration of imprinted genes during neural differentiation of germline-derived pluripotent stem cells. Epigenetics 2016; 11:177-83. [PMID: 26962997 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2016.1146852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), which are unipotent stem cells in the testes that give rise to sperm, can be converted into germline-derived pluripotent stem (gPS) by self-induction. The androgenetic imprinting pattern of SSCs is maintained even after their reprogramming into gPS cells. In this study, we used an in vitro neural differentiation model to investigate whether the imprinting patterns are maintained or altered during differentiation. The androgenetic patterns of H19, Snrpn, and Mest were maintained even after differentiation of gPS cells into NSCs (gPS-NSCs), whereas the fully unmethylated status of Ndn in SSCs was altered to somatic patterns in gPS cells and gPS-NSCs. Thus, our study demonstrates epigenetic alteration of genomic imprinting during the induction of pluripotency in SSCs and neural differentiation, suggesting that gPS-NSCs can be a useful model to study the roles of imprinted genes in brain development and human neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jeong Lee
- a Department of Stem Cell Biology , Konkuk University School of Medicine , Seoul , Korea.,b Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Na Young Choi
- a Department of Stem Cell Biology , Konkuk University School of Medicine , Seoul , Korea.,b Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Seung-Won Lee
- a Department of Stem Cell Biology , Konkuk University School of Medicine , Seoul , Korea.,b Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Kisung Ko
- c Department of Medicine , College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Tae Sook Hwang
- d Department of Pathology , Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Dong Wook Han
- a Department of Stem Cell Biology , Konkuk University School of Medicine , Seoul , Korea.,b Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Jisun Lim
- e Department of Biomedical Science , Hallym University, Chuncheon , Gangwon-do , Korea
| | - Hans R Schöler
- f Department of Cell and Developmental Biology , Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine , Münster , Germany.,g Medical Faculty, University of Münster , Münster , Germany
| | - Kinarm Ko
- a Department of Stem Cell Biology , Konkuk University School of Medicine , Seoul , Korea.,b Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University , Seoul , Korea.,h Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University , Seoul , Korea
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14
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Fan J, Salathia N, Liu R, Kaeser GE, Yung YC, Herman JL, Kaper F, Fan JB, Zhang K, Chun J, Kharchenko PV. Characterizing transcriptional heterogeneity through pathway and gene set overdispersion analysis. Nat Methods 2016; 13:241-4. [PMID: 26780092 PMCID: PMC4772672 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.3734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The transcriptional state of a cell reflects a variety of biological factors, from persistent cell-type specific features to transient processes such as cell cycle. Depending on biological context, all such aspects of transcriptional heterogeneity may be of interest, but detecting them from noisy single-cell RNA-seq data remains challenging. We developed PAGODA to resolve multiple, potentially overlapping aspects of transcriptional heterogeneity by testing gene sets for coordinated variability amongst measured cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Fan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Rui Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Gwendolyn E Kaeser
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yun C Yung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Joseph L Herman
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Jian-Bing Fan
- Illumina Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Present address: AnchorDx Corporation, International Biotech Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jerold Chun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Peter V Kharchenko
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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15
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Fujimoto I, Hasegawa K, Fujiwara K, Yamada M, Yoshikawa K. Necdin controls EGFR signaling linked to astrocyte differentiation in primary cortical progenitor cells. Cell Signal 2015; 28:94-107. [PMID: 26655377 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cellular signaling mediated by the EGF receptor (EGFR) plays a key role in controlling proliferation and differentiation of cortical progenitor cells (CPCs). However, regulatory mechanisms of EGFR signaling in CPCs remain largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that necdin, a MAGE (melanoma antigen) family protein, interacts with EGFR in primary CPCs and represses its downstream signaling linked to astrocyte differentiation. EGFR was autophosphorylated and interacted with necdin in EGF-stimulated CPCs. Necdin bound to autophosphorylated EGFR via its tyrosine kinase domain. EGF-induced phosphorylation of ERK was enhanced in necdin-null CPCs, where the interaction between EGFR and the adaptor protein Grb2 was strengthened, suggesting that endogenous necdin suppresses the EGFR/ERK signaling pathway in CPCs. In necdin-null CPCs, astrocyte differentiation induced by the gliogenic cytokine cardiotrophin-1 was significantly accelerated in the presence of EGF, and inhibition of EGFR/ERK signaling abolished the acceleration. Furthermore, necdin strongly suppressed astrocyte differentiation induced by overexpression of EGFR or its ligand binding-defective mutant equivalent to a glioblastoma-associated EGFR variant. These results suggest that necdin acts as an intrinsic suppressor of the EGFR/ERK signaling pathway in EGF-responsive CPCs to restrain astroglial development in a cell-autonomous manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izumi Fujimoto
- Laboratory of Regulation of Neuronal Development, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichi Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Regulation of Neuronal Development, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazushiro Fujiwara
- Laboratory of Regulation of Neuronal Development, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masashi Yamada
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biochemistry, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Yoshikawa
- Laboratory of Regulation of Neuronal Development, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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16
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Daniel G, Schmidt-Edelkraut U, Spengler D, Hoffmann A. Imprinted Zac1 in neural stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:300-314. [PMID: 25815116 PMCID: PMC4369488 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i2.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) and imprinted genes play an important role in brain development. On historical grounds, these two determinants have been largely studied independently of each other. Recent evidence suggests, however, that NSCs can reset select genomic imprints to prevent precocious depletion of the stem cell reservoir. Moreover, imprinted genes like the transcriptional regulator Zac1 can fine tune neuronal vs astroglial differentiation of NSCs. Zac1 binds in a sequence-specific manner to pro-neuronal and imprinted genes to confer transcriptional regulation and furthermore coregulates members of the p53-family in NSCs. At the genome scale, Zac1 is a central hub of an imprinted gene network comprising genes with an important role for NSC quiescence, proliferation and differentiation. Overall, transcriptional, epigenomic, and genomic mechanisms seem to coordinate the functional relationships of NSCs and imprinted genes from development to maturation, and possibly aging.
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17
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Nakagaki A, Osanai H, Kishino T. Imprinting analysis of the mouse chromosome 7C region in DNMT1-null embryos. Gene 2014; 553:63-8. [PMID: 25300248 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The mouse chromosome 7C, orthologous to the human 15q11-q13 has an imprinted domain, where most of the genes are expressed only from the paternal allele. The imprinted domain contains paternally expressed genes, Snurf/Snrpn, Ndn, Magel2, Mkrn3, and Frat3, C/D-box small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), and the maternally expressed gene, Ube3a. Imprinted expression in this large (approximately 3-4 Mb) domain is coordinated by a bipartite cis-acting imprinting center (IC), located upstream of the Snurf/Snrpn gene. The molecular mechanism how IC regulates gene expression of the whole domain remains partially understood. Here we analyzed the relationship between imprinted gene expression and DNA methylation in the mouse chromosome 7C using DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1)-null mutant embryos carrying Dnmt1(ps) alleles, which show global loss of DNA methylation and embryonic lethality. In the DNMT1-null embryos at embryonic day 9.5, the paternally expressed genes were biallelically expressed. Bisulfite DNA methylation analysis revealed loss of methylation on the maternal allele in the promoter regions of the genes. These results demonstrate that DNMT1 is necessary for monoallelic expression of the imprinted genes in the chromosome 7C domain, suggesting that DNA methylation in the secondary differentially methylated regions (DMRs), which are acquired during development serves primarily to control the imprinted expression from the maternal allele in the mouse chromosome 7C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Nakagaki
- Division of Functional Genomics, Center for Frontier Life Sciences, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto 1-12-4, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Hanae Osanai
- Division of Functional Genomics, Center for Frontier Life Sciences, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto 1-12-4, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kishino
- Division of Functional Genomics, Center for Frontier Life Sciences, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto 1-12-4, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.
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18
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Gur I, Fujiwara K, Hasegawa K, Yoshikawa K. Necdin promotes ubiquitin-dependent degradation of PIAS1 SUMO E3 ligase. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99503. [PMID: 24911587 PMCID: PMC4049815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Necdin, a pleiotropic protein that promotes differentiation and survival of mammalian neurons, is a member of MAGE (melanoma antigen) family proteins that share a highly conserved MAGE homology domain. Several MAGE proteins interact with ubiquitin E3 ligases and modulate their activities. However, it remains unknown whether MAGE family proteins interact with SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) E3 ligases such as PIAS (protein inhibitor of activated STAT) family, Nsmce2/Mms21 and Cbx4/Pc2. In the present study, we examined whether necdin interacts with these SUMO E3 ligases. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that necdin, MAGED1, MAGEF1 and MAGEL2 bound to PIAS1 but not to Nsmce2 or Cbx4. These SUMO E3 ligases bound to MAGEA1 but failed to interact with necdin-like 2/MAGEG1. Necdin bound to PIAS1 central domains that are highly conserved among PIAS family proteins and suppressed PIAS1-dependent sumoylation of the substrates STAT1 and PML (promyelocytic leukemia protein). Remarkably, necdin promoted degradation of PIAS1 via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. In transfected HEK293A cells, amino- and carboxyl-terminally truncated mutants of PIAS1 bound to necdin but failed to undergo necdin-dependent ubiquitination. Both PIAS1 and necdin were associated with the nuclear matrix, where the PIAS1 terminal deletion mutants failed to localize, implying that the nuclear matrix is indispensable for necdin-dependent ubiquitination of PIAS1. Our data suggest that necdin suppresses PIAS1 both by inhibiting SUMO E3 ligase activity and by promoting ubiquitin-dependent degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Gur
- Laboratory of Regulation of Neuronal Development, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazushiro Fujiwara
- Laboratory of Regulation of Neuronal Development, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichi Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Regulation of Neuronal Development, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Yoshikawa
- Laboratory of Regulation of Neuronal Development, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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19
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Minamide R, Fujiwara K, Hasegawa K, Yoshikawa K. Antagonistic interplay between necdin and Bmi1 controls proliferation of neural precursor cells in the embryonic mouse neocortex. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84460. [PMID: 24392139 PMCID: PMC3879318 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural precursor cells (NPCs) in the neocortex exhibit a high proliferation capacity during early embryonic development and give rise to cortical projection neurons after maturation. Necdin, a mammal-specific MAGE (melanoma antigen) family protein that possesses anti-mitotic and pro-survival activities, is expressed abundantly in postmitotic neurons and moderately in tissue-specific stem cells or progenitors. Necdin interacts with E2F transcription factors and suppresses E2F1-dependent transcriptional activation of the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk1 gene. Here we show that necdin serves as a suppressor of NPC proliferation in the embryonic neocortex. Necdin is moderately expressed in the ventricular zone of mouse embryonic neocortex, in which proliferative cell populations are significantly increased in necdin-null mice. In the neocortex of necdin-null embryos, expression of Cdk1 and Sox2, a stem cell marker, is significantly increased, whereas expression of p16, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, is markedly diminished. Cdk1 and p16 expression levels are also significantly increased and decreased, respectively, in primary NPCs prepared from necdin-null embryos. Intriguingly, necdin interacts directly with Bmi1, a Polycomb group protein that suppresses p16 expression and promotes NPC proliferation. In HEK293A cells transfected with luciferase reporter constructs, necdin relieves Bmi1-dependent repression of p16 promoter activity, whereas Bmi1 counteracts necdin-mediated repression of E2F1-dependent Cdk1 promoter activity. In lentivirus-infected primary NPCs, necdin overexpression increases p16 expression, suppresses Cdk1 expression, and inhibits NPC proliferation, whereas Bmi1 overexpression suppresses p16 expression, increases Cdk1 expression, and promotes NPC proliferation. Our data suggest that embryonic NPC proliferation in the neocortex is regulated by the antagonistic interplay between necdin and Bmi1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Minamide
- Laboratory of Regulation of Neuronal Development, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazushiro Fujiwara
- Laboratory of Regulation of Neuronal Development, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichi Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Regulation of Neuronal Development, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Yoshikawa
- Laboratory of Regulation of Neuronal Development, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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