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Podvalny E, Sanchez-Romero R, Cole MW. Functionality of arousal-regulating brain circuitry at rest predicts human cognitive abilities. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae192. [PMID: 38745558 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Arousal state is regulated by subcortical neuromodulatory nuclei, such as locus coeruleus, which send wide-reaching projections to cortex. Whether higher-order cortical regions have the capacity to recruit neuromodulatory systems to aid cognition is unclear. Here, we hypothesized that select cortical regions activate the arousal system, which, in turn, modulates large-scale brain activity, creating a functional circuit predicting cognitive ability. We utilized the Human Connectome Project 7T functional magnetic resonance imaging dataset (n = 149), acquired at rest with simultaneous eye tracking, along with extensive cognitive assessment for each subject. First, we discovered select frontoparietal cortical regions that drive large-scale spontaneous brain activity specifically via engaging the arousal system. Second, we show that the functionality of the arousal circuit driven by bilateral posterior cingulate cortex (associated with the default mode network) predicts subjects' cognitive abilities. This suggests that a cortical region that is typically associated with self-referential processing supports cognition by regulating the arousal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Podvalny
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 197 University Ave, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - Ruben Sanchez-Romero
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 197 University Ave, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - Michael W Cole
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 197 University Ave, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
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Mergl R, Karch S, Henl J, Meindl D, Schöpf F, Szabo SI, Hallweger P, Heiler P, Maywald M, Tschentscher N, Allgaier AK, Pogarell O. Effects of Four Different EEG-Neurofeedback Reinforcement Types in Healthy Individuals - A Pilot Study. Clin EEG Neurosci 2024; 55:305-316. [PMID: 36373604 DOI: 10.1177/15500594221138278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
EEG neurofeedback (EEG-NFB) is a promising tool for the treatment of depressive disorders. However, many methods for the presentation of neurobiological reactions are available and it is widely unknown which of these feedback options are preferrable. Moreover, the influence of motivation on NFB training success is insufficiently studied. This study analyzed the efficacy of a novel EEG protocol (FC3/Pz) based on findings for NFB in depression. The role of four feedback options (Rumination, Anxiety, Meditation Master, Moving Art) from the NFB software "Brain Assistant" and motivation in EEG-based NFB performance was studied. Regarding "Anxiety" and "Rumination" visual feedback was used to evoke emotions; reinforcement (both negative and positive operant conditioning) was continuous. Regarding "Meditation Master" visual feedback was combined with continuous positive reinforcement. Regarding "Moving Art" 20-min calm nature films with neutral character were used; both visual and auditive feedback were applied. The reinforcement was positive and continuous. 13 healthy participants completed 15 EEG sessions over four months combining simultaneous frontal (aims: reduction of theta-, alpha- and high beta-activity, increase of low and mid beta-activity) and parietal training (aims: reduction of theta-, alpha 1-, mid and high beta-activity, increase of alpha 2- and low beta-activity). We observed significantly more pronounced percentage change in the expected direction for Anxiety than Moving Art (mean difference = 3.32; p = 0.003). The association between motivation and performance was non-significant. Based on these results we conclude that feedback with both negative and positive operant conditioning and emotion evoking effects should be preferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Mergl
- Institute of Psychology, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Neubiberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Karch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jennifer Henl
- Institute of Psychology, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Neubiberg, Germany
| | - Dorothea Meindl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Felix Schöpf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Szilard I Szabo
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Paulina Hallweger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Heiler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Medical Practice for Neurofeedback Philipp Heiler, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Maywald
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nadja Tschentscher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Oliver Pogarell
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Podvalny E, Sanchez-Romero R, Cole MW. Functionality of arousal-regulating brain circuitry at rest predicts human cognitive abilities. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.09.574917. [PMID: 38617344 PMCID: PMC11014470 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.09.574917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Arousal state is regulated by subcortical neuromodulatory nuclei, such as locus coeruleus, which send wide-reaching projections to cortex. Whether higher-order cortical regions have the capacity to recruit neuromodulatory systems to aid cognition is unclear. Here, we hypothesized that select cortical regions activate the arousal system, which in turn modulates large-scale brain activity, creating a functional circuit predicting cognitive ability. We utilized the Human Connectome Project 7T functional magnetic resonance imaging dataset (N=149), acquired at rest with simultaneous eye tracking, along with extensive cognitive assessment for each subject. First, we discovered select frontoparietal cortical regions that drive large-scale spontaneous brain activity specifically via engaging the arousal system. Second, we show that the functionality of the arousal circuit driven by bilateral posterior cingulate cortex (associated with the default mode network) predicts subjects' cognitive abilities. This suggests that a cortical region that is typically associated with self-referential processing supports cognition by regulating the arousal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Podvalny
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Ruben Sanchez-Romero
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Michael W. Cole
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
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Fine NB, Helpman L, Armon DB, Gurevitch G, Sheppes G, Seligman Z, Hendler T, Bloch M. Amygdala-related electroencephalogram neurofeedback as add-on therapy for treatment-resistant childhood sexual abuse posttraumatic stress disorder: feasibility study. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 78:19-28. [PMID: 37615935 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) among women is an alarmingly prevalent traumatic experience that often leads to debilitating and treatment-refractory posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), raising the need for novel adjunctive therapies. Neuroimaging investigations systematically report that amygdala hyperactivity is the most consistent and reliable neural abnormality in PTSD and following childhood abuse, raising the potential of implementing volitional neural modulation using neurofeedback (NF) aimed at down-regulating amygdala activity. This study aimed to reliably probe limbic activity but overcome the limited applicability of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) NF by using a scalable electroencephalogram NF probe of amygdala-related activity, termed amygdala electrical-finger-print (amyg-EFP) in a randomized controlled trial. METHOD Fifty-five women with CSA-PTSD who were in ongoing intensive trauma-focused psychotherapy for a minimum of 1 year but still met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) PTSD criteria were randomized to either 10 add-on sessions of amyg-EFP-NF training (test group) or continuing psychotherapy (control group). Participants were blindly assessed for PTSD symptoms before and after the NF training period, followed by self-reported clinical follow-up at 1, 3, and 6 months, as well as one session of amygdala real-time fMRI-NF before and after NF training period. RESULTS Participants in the test group compared with the control group demonstrated a marginally significant immediate reduction in PTSD symptoms, which progressively improved during the follow-up period. In addition, successful neuromodulation during NF training was demonstrated. CONCLUSION This feasibility study for patients with treatment-resistant CSA-PTSD indicates that amyg-EFP-NF is a viable and efficient intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi B Fine
- School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol Brain Institute Tel-Aviv, Wohl Institute for Advanced Imaging, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Liat Helpman
- Womens' Reproductive Mental Health research Unit, Psychiatric Department, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Department of Counseling and Human Development, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Daphna Bardin Armon
- Lotem Center for Treatment of Sexual Trauma, Department of Psychiatry, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Guy Gurevitch
- Sagol Brain Institute Tel-Aviv, Wohl Institute for Advanced Imaging, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Gal Sheppes
- School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Zivya Seligman
- Lotem Center for Treatment of Sexual Trauma, Department of Psychiatry, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Talma Hendler
- School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol Brain Institute Tel-Aviv, Wohl Institute for Advanced Imaging, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Miki Bloch
- Womens' Reproductive Mental Health research Unit, Psychiatric Department, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Yang CJ, Yu HY, Hong TY, Shih CH, Yeh TC, Chen LF, Hsieh JC. Trait representation of embodied cognition in dancers pivoting on the extended mirror neuron system: a resting-state fMRI study. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1173993. [PMID: 37492559 PMCID: PMC10364845 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1173993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dance is an art form that integrates the body and mind through movement. Dancers develop exceptional physical and mental abilities that involve various neurocognitive processes linked to embodied cognition. We propose that dancers' primary trait representation is movement-actuated and relies on the extended mirror neuron system (eMNS). Methods A total of 29 dancers and 28 non-dancer controls were recruited. A hierarchical approach of intra-regional and inter-regional functional connectivity (FC) analysis was adopted to probe trait-like neurodynamics within and between regions in the eMNS during rest. Correlation analyses were employed to examine the associations between dance training, creativity, and the FC within and between different brain regions. Results Within the eMNS, dancers exhibited increased intra-regional FC in various brain regions compared to non-dancers. These regions include the left inferior frontal gyrus, left ventral premotor cortex, left anterior insula, left posterior cerebellum (crus II), and bilateral basal ganglia (putamen and globus pallidus). Dancers also exhibited greater intrinsic inter-regional FC between the cerebellum and the core/limbic mirror areas within the eMNS. In dancers, there was a negative correlation observed between practice intensity and the intrinsic FC within the eMNS involving the cerebellum and basal ganglia. Additionally, FCs from the basal ganglia to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were found to be negatively correlated with originality in dancers. Discussion Our results highlight the proficient communication within the cortical-subcortical hierarchy of the eMNS in dancers, linked to the automaticity and cognitive-motor interactions acquired through training. Altered functional couplings in the eMNS can be regarded as a unique neural signature specific to virtuoso dancers, which might predispose them for skilled dancing performance, perception, and creation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Ju Yang
- Institute of Brain Science, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Integrated Brain Research Unit, Division of Clinical Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yen Yu
- Graduate Institute of Arts and Humanities Education, Taipei National University of the Arts, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yi Hong
- Institute of Brain Science, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Integrated Brain Research Unit, Division of Clinical Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Heng Shih
- Institute of Brain Science, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chen Yeh
- Institute of Brain Science, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Li-Fen Chen
- Institute of Brain Science, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Integrated Brain Research Unit, Division of Clinical Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chuen Hsieh
- Integrated Brain Research Unit, Division of Clinical Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDSB), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Lee R, Kwak S, Lee D, Chey J. Cognitive control training enhances the integration of intrinsic functional networks in adolescents. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:859358. [PMID: 36504634 PMCID: PMC9729882 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.859358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction We have demonstrated that intensive cognitive training can produce sustained improvements in cognitive performance in adolescents. Few studies, however, have investigated the neural basis of these training effects, leaving the underlying mechanism of cognitive plasticity during this period unexplained. Methods In this study, we trained 51 typically developing adolescents on cognitive control tasks and examined how their intrinsic brain networks changed by applying graph theoretical analysis. We hypothesized that the training would accelerate the process of network integration, which is a key feature of network development throughout adolescence. Results We found that the cognitive control training enhanced the integration of functional networks, particularly the cross-network integration of the cingulo-opercular network. Moreover, the analysis of additional data from older adolescents revealed that the cingulo-opercular network was more integrated with other networks in older adolescents than in young adolescents. Discussion These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that cognitive control training may speed up network development, such that brain networks exhibit more mature patterns after training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raihyung Lee
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea,Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Seyul Kwak
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea,Department of Psychology, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Dasom Lee
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeanyung Chey
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea,*Correspondence: Jeanyung Chey,
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Spontaneous activity patterns in human motor cortex replay evoked activity patterns for hand movements. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16867. [PMID: 36207360 PMCID: PMC9546868 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20866-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous brain activity, measured with resting state fMRI (R-fMRI), is correlated among regions that are co-activated by behavioral tasks. It is unclear, however, whether spatial patterns of spontaneous activity within a cortical region correspond to spatial patterns of activity evoked by specific stimuli, actions, or mental states. The current study investigated the hypothesis that spontaneous activity in motor cortex represents motor patterns commonly occurring in daily life. To test this hypothesis 15 healthy participants were scanned while performing four different hand movements. Three movements (Grip, Extend, Pinch) were ecological involving grip and grasp hand movements; one control movement involving the rotation of the wrist was not ecological and infrequent (Shake). They were also scanned at rest before and after the execution of the motor tasks (resting-state scans). Using the task data, we identified movement-specific patterns in the primary motor cortex. These task-defined patterns were compared to resting-state patterns in the same motor region. We also performed a control analysis within the primary visual cortex. We found that spontaneous activity patterns in the primary motor cortex were more like task patterns for ecological than control movements. In contrast, there was no difference between ecological and control hand movements in the primary visual area. These findings provide evidence that spontaneous activity in human motor cortex forms fine-scale, patterned representations associated with behaviors that frequently occur in daily life.
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Annaheim C, Hug K, Stumm C, Messerli M, Simon Y, Hund-Georgiadis M. Neurofeedback in patients with frontal brain lesions: A randomized, controlled double-blind trial. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:979723. [PMID: 36188178 PMCID: PMC9521487 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.979723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Frontal brain dysfunction is a major challenge in neurorehabilitation. Neurofeedback (NF), as an EEG-based brain training method, is currently applied in a wide spectrum of mental health conditions, including traumatic brain injury. Objective This study aimed to explore the capacity of Infra-Low Frequency Neurofeedback (ILF-NF) to promote the recovery of brain function in patients with frontal brain injury. Materials and methods Twenty patients hospitalized at a neurorehabilitation clinic in Switzerland with recently acquired, frontal and optionally other brain lesions were randomized to either receive NF or sham-NF. Cognitive improvement was assessed using the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) and the Test of Attentional Performance (TAP) tasks regarding intrinsic alertness, phasic alertness and impulse control. Results With respect to cognitive improvements, there was no significant difference between the two groups after 20 sessions of either NF or sham-NF. However, in a subgroup of patients with predominantly frontal brain lesions, the improvements measured by the FAB and intrinsic alertness were significantly higher in the NF-group. Conclusion This is the first double-blind controlled study using NF in recovery from brain injury, and thus also the first such study of ILF NF. Although the result of the subgroup has limited significance because of the small number of participants, it accentuates the trend seen in the whole group regarding the FAB and intrinsic alertness (p = 0.068, p = 0.079, respectively). We therefore conclude that NF could be a promising candidate promoting the recoveryfrom frontal brain lesions. Further studies with larger numbers of patients and less lesion heterogeneity are needed to verify the usefulness of NF in the neurorehabilitation of patients with frontal brain injury (NCT02957695 ClinicalTrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Annaheim
- REHAB Basel, Klinik für Neurorehabilitation und Paraplegiologie, Basel, Switzerland
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Orth L, Meeh J, Gur RC, Neuner I, Sarkheil P. Frontostriatal circuitry as a target for fMRI-based neurofeedback interventions: A systematic review. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:933718. [PMID: 36092647 PMCID: PMC9449529 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.933718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated frontostriatal circuitries are viewed as a common target for the treatment of aberrant behaviors in various psychiatric and neurological disorders. Accordingly, experimental neurofeedback paradigms have been applied to modify the frontostriatal circuitry. The human frontostriatal circuitry is topographically and functionally organized into the “limbic,” the “associative,” and the “motor” subsystems underlying a variety of affective, cognitive, and motor functions. We conducted a systematic review of the literature regarding functional magnetic resonance imaging-based neurofeedback studies that targeted brain activations within the frontostriatal circuitry. Seventy-nine published studies were included in our survey. We assessed the efficacy of these studies in terms of imaging findings of neurofeedback intervention as well as behavioral and clinical outcomes. Furthermore, we evaluated whether the neurofeedback targets of the studies could be assigned to the identifiable frontostriatal subsystems. The majority of studies that targeted frontostriatal circuitry functions focused on the anterior cingulate cortex, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and the supplementary motor area. Only a few studies (n = 14) targeted the connectivity of the frontostriatal regions. However, post-hoc analyses of connectivity changes were reported in more cases (n = 32). Neurofeedback has been frequently used to modify brain activations within the frontostriatal circuitry. Given the regulatory mechanisms within the closed loop of the frontostriatal circuitry, the connectivity-based neurofeedback paradigms should be primarily considered for modifications of this system. The anatomical and functional organization of the frontostriatal system needs to be considered in decisions pertaining to the neurofeedback targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Orth
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Linda Orth
| | - Johanna Meeh
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ruben C. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Irene Neuner
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Pegah Sarkheil
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Yadin ZS. The Door in the Wall: Suspended Between Reality and Unconscious Fantasy. PSYCHOANALYTIC DIALOGUES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10481885.2022.2058324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zvi Steve Yadin
- Gordon F. Derner School of Psychology, Adelphi University, Garden City, New York, USA
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11
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Ramot M, Martin A. Closed-loop neuromodulation for studying spontaneous activity and causality. Trends Cogn Sci 2022; 26:290-299. [PMID: 35210175 PMCID: PMC9396631 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Having established that spontaneous brain activity follows meaningful coactivation patterns and correlates with behavior, researchers have turned their attention to understanding its function and behavioral significance. We suggest closed-loop neuromodulation as a neural perturbation tool uniquely well suited for this task. Closed-loop neuromodulation has primarily been viewed as an interventionist tool to teach subjects to directly control their own brain activity. We examine an alternative operant conditioning model of closed-loop neuromodulation which, through implicit feedback, can manipulate spontaneous activity at the network level, without violating the spontaneous or endogenous nature of the signal, thereby providing a direct test of network causality.
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Progressive modulation of resting-state brain activity during neurofeedback of positive-social emotion regulation networks. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23363. [PMID: 34862407 PMCID: PMC8642545 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02079-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofeedback allows for the self-regulation of brain circuits implicated in specific maladaptive behaviors, leading to persistent changes in brain activity and connectivity. Positive-social emotion regulation neurofeedback enhances emotion regulation capabilities, which is critical for reducing the severity of various psychiatric disorders. Training dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) to exert a top-down influence on bilateral amygdala during positive-social emotion regulation progressively (linearly) modulates connectivity within the trained network and induces positive mood. However, the processes during rest that interleave the neurofeedback training remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that short resting periods at the end of training sessions of positive-social emotion regulation neurofeedback would show alterations within emotion regulation and neurofeedback learning networks. We used complementary model-based and data-driven approaches to assess how resting-state connectivity relates to neurofeedback changes at the end of training sessions. In the experimental group, we found lower progressive dmPFC self-inhibition and an increase of connectivity in networks engaged in emotion regulation, neurofeedback learning, visuospatial processing, and memory. Our findings highlight a large-scale synergy between neurofeedback and resting-state brain activity and connectivity changes within the target network and beyond. This work contributes to our understanding of concomitant learning mechanisms post training and facilitates development of efficient neurofeedback training.
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13
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Nielsen AN, Wakschlag LS, Norton ES. Linking irritability and functional brain networks: A transdiagnostic case for expanding consideration of development and environment in RDoC. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 129:231-244. [PMID: 34302863 PMCID: PMC8802626 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The National Institute of Mental Health Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework promotes the dimensional and transdiagnostic operationalization of psychopathology, but consideration of the neurodevelopmental foundations of mental health problems requires deeper examination. Irritability, the dispositional tendency to angry emotion that has both mood and behavioral elements, is dimensional, transdiagnostic, and observable early in life-a promising target for the identification of early neural indicators or risk factors for psychopathology. Here, we examine functional brain networks linked to irritability from preschool to adulthood and discuss how development and early experience may influence these neural substrates. Functional connectivity measured with fMRI varies according to irritability and indicates the atypical coordination of several functional networks involved in emotion generation, emotion perception, attention, internalization, and cognitive control. We lay out an agenda to improve our understanding and detection of atypical brain:behavior patterns through advances in the characterization of both functional networks and irritability as well as the consideration and operationalization of developmental and early life environmental influences on this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashely N Nielsen
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States; Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - Lauren S Wakschlag
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States; Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Elizabeth S Norton
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
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15
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Zhang G, Yuan B, Hua H, Lou Y, Lin N, Li X. Individual differences in first-pass fixation duration in reading are related to resting-state functional connectivity. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2021; 213:104893. [PMID: 33360162 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2020.104893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although there are considerable individual differences in eye movements during text reading, their neural correlates remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the first-pass fixation duration (FPFD) in natural reading and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) in the brain. We defined the brain regions associated with early visual processing, word identification, attention shifts, and oculomotor control as seed regions. The results showed that individual FPFDs were positively correlated with individual RSFCs between the early visual network, visual word form area, and eye movement control/dorsal attention network. Our findings provide new evidence on the neural correlates of eye movements in text reading and indicate that individual differences in fixation time may shape the RSFC differences in the brain through the time-on-task effect and the mechanism of Hebbian learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Binke Yuan
- Center for Language and Brain, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huimin Hua
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Lou
- Beijing Institute of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xingshan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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16
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Yu M, Song H, Huang J, Song Y, Liu J. Motor Learning Improves the Stability of Large-Scale Brain Connectivity Pattern. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:571733. [PMID: 33304253 PMCID: PMC7701248 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.571733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeated practice is fundamental to the acquisition of skills, which is typically accompanied by increasing reliability of neural representations that manifested as more stable activation patterns for the trained stimuli. However, large-scale neural pattern induced by learning has been rarely studied. Here, we investigated whether global connectivity patterns became more reliable as a result of motor learning using a novel analysis of the multivariate pattern of functional connectivity (MVPC). Human participants were trained with a finger-tapping motor task for five consecutive days and went through Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning before and after training. We found that motor learning increased the whole-brain MVPC stability of the primary motor cortex (M1) when participants performed the trained sequence, while no similar effects were observed for the untrained sequence. Moreover, the increase of MVPC stability correlated with participants’ improvement in behavioral performance. These findings suggested that the acquisition of motor skills was supported by the increased connectivity pattern stability between the M1 and the rest of the brain. In summary, our study not only suggests global neural pattern stabilization as a neural signature for effective learning but also advocates applying the MVPC analysis to reveal mechanisms of distributed network reorganization supporting various types of learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxia Yu
- Bilingual Cognition and Development Laboratory, Center for Linguistics and Applied Linguistics, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoming Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jialin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiying Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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17
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Strappini F, Wilf M, Karp O, Goldberg H, Harel M, Furman-Haran E, Golan T, Malach R. Resting-State Activity in High-Order Visual Areas as a Window into Natural Human Brain Activations. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:3618-3635. [PMID: 30395164 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A major limitation of conventional human brain research has been its basis in highly artificial laboratory experiments. Due to technical constraints, little is known about the nature of cortical activations during ecological real life. We have previously proposed the "spontaneous trait reactivation (STR)" hypothesis arguing that resting-state patterns, which emerge spontaneously in the absence of external stimulus, reflect the statistics of habitual cortical activations during real life. Therefore, these patterns can serve as a window into daily life cortical activity. A straightforward prediction of this hypothesis is that spontaneous patterns should preferentially correlate to patterns generated by naturalistic stimuli compared with artificial ones. Here we targeted high-level category-selective visual areas and tested this prediction by comparing BOLD functional connectivity patterns formed during rest to patterns formed in response to naturalistic stimuli, as well as to more artificial category-selective, dynamic stimuli. Our results revealed a significant correlation between the resting-state patterns and functional connectivity patterns generated by naturalistic stimuli. Furthermore, the correlations to naturalistic stimuli were significantly higher than those found between resting-state patterns and those generated by artificial control stimuli. These findings provide evidence of a stringent link between spontaneous patterns and the activation patterns during natural vision.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meytal Wilf
- Neurobiology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, MySpace Lab, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ofer Karp
- Neurobiology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hagar Goldberg
- Neurobiology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michal Harel
- Neurobiology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Edna Furman-Haran
- Life Sciences Core Facilities Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tal Golan
- The Edmund and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rafael Malach
- Neurobiology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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18
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Heunis S, Lamerichs R, Zinger S, Caballero‐Gaudes C, Jansen JFA, Aldenkamp B, Breeuwer M. Quality and denoising in real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging neurofeedback: A methods review. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:3439-3467. [PMID: 32333624 PMCID: PMC7375116 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurofeedback training using real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (rtfMRI-NF) allows subjects voluntary control of localised and distributed brain activity. It has sparked increased interest as a promising non-invasive treatment option in neuropsychiatric and neurocognitive disorders, although its efficacy and clinical significance are yet to be determined. In this work, we present the first extensive review of acquisition, processing and quality control methods available to improve the quality of the neurofeedback signal. Furthermore, we investigate the state of denoising and quality control practices in 128 recently published rtfMRI-NF studies. We found: (a) that less than a third of the studies reported implementing standard real-time fMRI denoising steps, (b) significant room for improvement with regards to methods reporting and (c) the need for methodological studies quantifying and comparing the contribution of denoising steps to the neurofeedback signal quality. Advances in rtfMRI-NF research depend on reproducibility of methods and results. Notably, a systematic effort is needed to build up evidence that disentangles the various mechanisms influencing neurofeedback effects. To this end, we recommend that future rtfMRI-NF studies: (a) report implementation of a set of standard real-time fMRI denoising steps according to a proposed COBIDAS-style checklist (https://osf.io/kjwhf/), (b) ensure the quality of the neurofeedback signal by calculating and reporting community-informed quality metrics and applying offline control checks and (c) strive to adopt transparent principles in the form of methods and data sharing and support of open-source rtfMRI-NF software. Code and data for reproducibility, as well as an interactive environment to explore the study data, can be accessed at https://github.com/jsheunis/quality-and-denoising-in-rtfmri-nf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Heunis
- Department of Electrical EngineeringEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands
- Department of Research and DevelopmentEpilepsy Centre KempenhaegheHeezeThe Netherlands
| | - Rolf Lamerichs
- Department of Electrical EngineeringEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands
- Department of Research and DevelopmentEpilepsy Centre KempenhaegheHeezeThe Netherlands
- Philips ResearchEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Svitlana Zinger
- Department of Electrical EngineeringEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands
- Department of Research and DevelopmentEpilepsy Centre KempenhaegheHeezeThe Netherlands
| | | | - Jacobus F. A. Jansen
- Department of Electrical EngineeringEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands
- Department of RadiologyMaastricht University Medical CentreMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and NeuroscienceMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Bert Aldenkamp
- Department of Electrical EngineeringEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands
- Department of Research and DevelopmentEpilepsy Centre KempenhaegheHeezeThe Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and NeuroscienceMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Neurophysiology, Neurobiology and NeuropsychologyGhent University HospitalGhentBelgium
- Department of NeurologyMaastricht University Medical CenterMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Marcel Breeuwer
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands
- Philips HealthcareBestThe Netherlands
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19
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Whitfield-Gabrieli S, Wendelken C, Nieto-Castañón A, Bailey SK, Anteraper SA, Lee YJ, Chai XQ, Hirshfeld-Becker DR, Biederman J, Cutting LE, Bunge SA. Association of Intrinsic Brain Architecture With Changes in Attentional and Mood Symptoms During Development. JAMA Psychiatry 2020; 77:378-386. [PMID: 31876910 PMCID: PMC6990753 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.4208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Importance Understanding the neurodevelopmental trajectory of psychiatric symptoms is important for improving early identification, intervention, and prevention of mental disorders. Objective To test whether the strength of the coupling of activation between specific brain regions, as measured by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), predicted individual children's developmental trajectories in terms of attentional problems characteristic of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and internalizing problems characteristics of major depressive disorder (MDD). Design, Setting, and Participants A community cohort of 94 children was recruited from Vanderbilt University between 2010 and 2013. They were followed up longitudinally for 4 years and the data were analyzed from 2016 to 2019. Based on preregistered hypotheses and an analytic plan, we examined whether specific brain connectivity patterns would be associated with longitudinal changes in scores on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), a parental-report assessment used to screen for emotional, behavioral, and social problems and to predict psychiatric illnesses. Main Outcomes and Measures We used the strength of resting-state fMRI connectivity at age 7 years to predict subsequent changes in CBCL measures 4 years later and investigated the mechanisms of change by associating brain connectivity changes with changes in the CBCL. Results We analyzed data from a longitudinal brain development study involving children assessed at age 7 years (n = 94; 41 girls [43.6%]) and 11 years (n = 54; 32 girls [59.3%]). As predicted, less positive coupling at age 7 years between the medial prefrontal cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) was associated with a decrease in attentional symptoms by age 11 years (t49 = 2.38; P = .01; β = 0.32). By contrast, a less positive coupling between a region implicated in mood, the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC), and DLPFC at age 7 years was associated with an increase in internalizing (eg, anxiety/depression) behaviors by age 11 years (t49 = -2.4; P = .01; β = -0.30). Logistic regression analyses revealed that sgACC-DLPFC connectivity was a more accurate predictor than baseline CBCL measures for progression to a subclinical score on internalization (t50 = -2.61; P = .01; β = -0.29). We then replicated and extended the sgACC-DLPFC result in an independent sample of children with (n = 25) or without (n = 18) familial risk for MDD. Conclusions and Relevance These resting-state fMRI metrics are promising biomarkers for the early identification of children at risk of developing MDD or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute & Department of Psychology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Boston, Massachusetts
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
| | - Carter Wendelken
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute & Department of Psychology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley
- Vicarious FPC Inc, Union City, California
| | - Alfonso Nieto-Castañón
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen Kent Bailey
- Peabody College of Education and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Sheeba Arnold Anteraper
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Boston, Massachusetts
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
| | - Yoon Ji Lee
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xiao-qian Chai
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Joseph Biederman
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laurie E. Cutting
- Peabody College of Education and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Silvia A. Bunge
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute & Department of Psychology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley
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20
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Fede SJ, Dean SF, Manuweera T, Momenan R. A Guide to Literature Informed Decisions in the Design of Real Time fMRI Neurofeedback Studies: A Systematic Review. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:60. [PMID: 32161529 PMCID: PMC7052377 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although biofeedback using electrophysiology has been explored extensively, the approach of using neurofeedback corresponding to hemodynamic response is a relatively young field. Real time functional magnetic resonance imaging-based neurofeedback (rt-fMRI-NF) uses sensory feedback to operantly reinforce patterns of neural response. It can be used, for example, to alter visual perception, increase brain connectivity, and reduce depression symptoms. Within recent years, interest in rt-fMRI-NF in both research and clinical contexts has expanded considerably. As such, building a consensus regarding best practices is of great value. Objective: This systematic review is designed to describe and evaluate the variations in methodology used in previous rt-fMRI-NF studies to provide recommendations for rt-fMRI-NF study designs that are mostly likely to elicit reproducible and consistent effects of neurofeedback. Methods: We conducted a database search for fMRI neurofeedback papers published prior to September 26th, 2019. Of 558 studies identified, 146 met criteria for inclusion. The following information was collected from each study: sample size and type, task used, neurofeedback calculation, regulation procedure, feedback, whether feedback was explicitly related to changing brain activity, feedback timing, control group for active neurofeedback, how many runs and sessions of neurofeedback, if a follow-up was conducted, and the results of neurofeedback training. Results: rt-fMRI-NF is typically upregulation practice based on hemodynamic response from a specific region of the brain presented using a continually updating thermometer display. Most rt-fMRI-NF studies are conducted in healthy samples and half evaluate its effect on immediate changes in behavior or affect. The most popular control group method is to provide sham signal from another region; however, many studies do not compare use a comparison group. Conclusions: We make several suggestions for designs of future rt-fMRI-NF studies. Researchers should use feedback calculation methods that consider neural response across regions (i.e., SVM or connectivity), which should be conveyed as intermittent, auditory feedback. Participants should be given explicit instructions and should be assessed on individual differences. Future rt-fMRI-NF studies should use clinical samples; effectiveness of rt-fMRI-NF should be evaluated on clinical/behavioral outcomes at follow-up time points in comparison to both a sham and no feedback control group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Reza Momenan
- Clinical NeuroImaging Research Core, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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21
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Spalatro AV, Amianto F, Huang Z, D’Agata F, Bergui M, Abbate Daga G, Fassino S, Northoff G. Neuronal variability of Resting State activity in Eating Disorders: increase and decoupling in Ventral Attention Network and relation with clinical symptoms. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 55:10-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractBackground:Despite the great number of resting state functional connectivity studies on Eating Disorders (ED), no biomarkers could be detected yet. Therefore, we here focus on a different measure of resting state activity that is neuronal variability. The objective of this study was to investigate neuronal variability in the resting state of women with ED and to correlate possible differences with clinical and psychopathological indices.Methods:58 women respectively 25 with Anorexia Nervosa (AN), 16 with Bulimia Nervosa (BN) and 17 matched healthy controls (CN) were enrolled for the study. All participants were tested with a battery of psychometric tests and underwent a functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) resting state scanning. We investigated topographical patterns of variability measured by the Standard Deviation (SD) of the Blood-Oxygen-Level-Dependent (BOLD) signal (as a measure of neuronal variability) in the resting-state and their relationship to clinical and psychopathological indices.Results:Neuronal variability was increased in both anorectic and bulimic subjects specifically in the Ventral Attention Network (VAN) compared to healthy controls. No significant differences were found in the other networks. Significant correlations were found between neuronal variability of VAN and various clinical and psychopathological indices.Conclusions:We here show increased neuronal variability of VAN in ED patients. As the VAN is relevant for switching between endogenous and exogenous stimuli, our results showing increased neuronal variability suggest unstable balance between body attention and attention to external world. These results offer new perspective on the neurobiological basis of ED. Clinical and therapeutic implication will be discussed.
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22
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Grossman S, Yeagle EM, Harel M, Espinal E, Harpaz R, Noy N, Mégevand P, Groppe DM, Mehta AD, Malach R. The Noisy Brain: Power of Resting-State Fluctuations Predicts Individual Recognition Performance. Cell Rep 2019; 29:3775-3784.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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23
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Thalamic low frequency activity facilitates resting-state cortical interhemispheric MRI functional connectivity. Neuroimage 2019; 201:115985. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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24
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Tambini A, Davachi L. Awake Reactivation of Prior Experiences Consolidates Memories and Biases Cognition. Trends Cogn Sci 2019; 23:876-890. [PMID: 31445780 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
After experiences are encoded into memory, post-encoding reactivation mechanisms have been proposed to mediate long-term memory stabilization and transformation. Spontaneous reactivation of hippocampal representations, together with hippocampal-cortical interactions, are leading candidate mechanisms for promoting systems-level memory strengthening and reorganization. While the replay of spatial representations has been extensively studied in rodents, here we review recent fMRI work that provides evidence for spontaneous reactivation of nonspatial, episodic event representations in the human hippocampus and cortex, as well as for experience-dependent alterations in systems-level hippocampal connectivity. We focus on reactivation during awake post-encoding periods, relationships between reactivation and subsequent behavior, how reactivation is modulated by factors that influence consolidation, and the implications of persistent reactivation for biasing ongoing perception and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle Tambini
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Lila Davachi
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA.
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25
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Skouras S, Scharnowski F. The effects of psychiatric history and age on self-regulation of the default mode network. Neuroimage 2019; 198:150-159. [PMID: 31103786 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Real-time neurofeedback enables human subjects to learn to regulate their brain activity, effecting behavioral changes and improvements of psychiatric symptomatology. Neurofeedback up-regulation and down-regulation have been assumed to share common neural correlates. Neuropsychiatric pathology and aging incur suboptimal functioning of the default mode network. Despite the exponential increase in real-time neuroimaging studies, the effects of aging, pathology and the direction of regulation on neurofeedback performance remain largely unknown. Using real-time fMRI data shared through the Rockland Sample Real-Time Neurofeedback project (N = 136) and open-access analyses, we first modeled neurofeedback performance and learning in a group of subjects with psychiatric history (na = 74) and a healthy control group (nb = 62). Subsequently, we examined the relationship between up-regulation and down-regulation learning, the relationship between age and neurofeedback performance in each group and differences in neurofeedback performance between the two groups. For interpretative purposes, we also investigated functional connectomics prior to neurofeedback. Results show that in an initial session of default mode network neurofeedback with real-time fMRI, up-regulation and down-regulation learning scores are negatively correlated. This finding is related to resting state differences in the eigenvector centrality of the posterior cingulate cortex. Moreover, age correlates negatively with default mode network neurofeedback performance, only in absence of psychiatric history. Finally, adults with psychiatric history outperform healthy controls in default mode network up-regulation. Interestingly, the performance difference is related to no up-regulation learning in controls. This finding is supported by marginally higher default mode network centrality during resting state, in the presence of psychiatric history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros Skouras
- Neuroimaging Unit, Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, 08005, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, 08005, Spain.
| | - Frank Scharnowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zürich, Zürich, 8032, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zürich, University of Zürich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich, 8057, Switzerland; Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zürich, Winterthurerstr. 190, Zürich, 8057, Switzerland; Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, 1010 Vienna, Austria
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26
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Negaresh R, Motl RW, Zimmer P, Mokhtarzade M, Baker JS. Effects of exercise training on multiple sclerosis biomarkers of central nervous system and disease status: a systematic review of intervention studies. Eur J Neurol 2019; 26:711-721. [DOI: 10.1111/ene.13929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Negaresh
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences Faculty of Humanities Tarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran
| | - R. W. Motl
- Department of Physical Therapy University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL USA
| | - P. Zimmer
- Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine German Sport University Cologne Cologne
- Division of Physical Activity, Prevention and Cancer German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany
| | - M. Mokhtarzade
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences Faculty of Humanities Tarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran
| | - J. S. Baker
- Applied Physiology Research Laboratory School of Health and Life Sciences University of the West of Scotland, Lanarkshire Campus Paisley UK
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27
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Perceptual phenomena in destructured sensory fields: Probing the brain’s intrinsic functional architectures. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 98:265-286. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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28
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Goldway N, Ablin J, Lubin O, Zamir Y, Keynan JN, Or-Borichev A, Cavazza M, Charles F, Intrator N, Brill S, Ben-Simon E, Sharon H, Hendler T. Volitional limbic neuromodulation exerts a beneficial clinical effect on Fibromyalgia. Neuroimage 2019; 186:758-770. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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29
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Ji JL, Spronk M, Kulkarni K, Repovš G, Anticevic A, Cole MW. Mapping the human brain's cortical-subcortical functional network organization. Neuroimage 2019; 185:35-57. [PMID: 30291974 PMCID: PMC6289683 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding complex systems such as the human brain requires characterization of the system's architecture across multiple levels of organization - from neurons, to local circuits, to brain regions, and ultimately large-scale brain networks. Here we focus on characterizing the human brain's large-scale network organization, as it provides an overall framework for the organization of all other levels. We developed a highly principled approach to identify cortical network communities at the level of functional systems, calibrating our community detection algorithm using extremely well-established sensory and motor systems as guides. Building on previous network partitions, we replicated and expanded upon well-known and recently-identified networks, including several higher-order cognitive networks such as a left-lateralized language network. We expanded these cortical networks to subcortex, revealing 358 highly-organized subcortical parcels that take part in forming whole-brain functional networks. Notably, the identified subcortical parcels are similar in number to a recent estimate of the number of cortical parcels (360). This whole-brain network atlas - released as an open resource for the neuroscience community - places all brain structures across both cortex and subcortex into a single large-scale functional framework, with the potential to facilitate a variety of studies investigating large-scale functional networks in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lisa Ji
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Marjolein Spronk
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Kaustubh Kulkarni
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Grega Repovš
- Department of Psychology, University of Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alan Anticevic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Michael W Cole
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA.
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30
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Data-driven tensor independent component analysis for model-based connectivity neurofeedback. Neuroimage 2019; 184:214-226. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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31
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Kucyi A, Tambini A, Sadaghiani S, Keilholz S, Cohen JR. Spontaneous cognitive processes and the behavioral validation of time-varying brain connectivity. Netw Neurosci 2018; 2:397-417. [PMID: 30465033 PMCID: PMC6195165 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In cognitive neuroscience, focus is commonly placed on associating brain function with changes in objectively measured external stimuli or with actively generated cognitive processes. In everyday life, however, many forms of cognitive processes are initiated spontaneously, without an individual's active effort and without explicit manipulation of behavioral state. Recently, there has been increased emphasis, especially in functional neuroimaging research, on spontaneous correlated activity among spatially segregated brain regions (intrinsic functional connectivity) and, more specifically, on intraindividual fluctuations of such correlated activity on various time scales (time-varying functional connectivity). In this Perspective, we propose that certain subtypes of spontaneous cognitive processes are detectable in time-varying functional connectivity measurements. We define these subtypes of spontaneous cognitive processes and review evidence of their representations in time-varying functional connectivity from studies of attentional fluctuations, memory reactivation, and effects of baseline states on subsequent perception. Moreover, we describe how these studies are critical to validating the use of neuroimaging tools (e.g., fMRI) for assessing ongoing brain network dynamics. We conclude that continued investigation of the behavioral relevance of time-varying functional connectivity will be beneficial both in the development of comprehensive neural models of cognition, and in informing on best practices for studying brain network dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Kucyi
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Arielle Tambini
- Department of Psychology, and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sepideh Sadaghiani
- Department of Psychology, and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Shella Keilholz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University/Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jessica R Cohen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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32
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Paz-Alonso PM, Oliver M, Lerma-Usabiaga G, Caballero-Gaudes C, Quiñones I, Suárez-Coalla P, Duñabeitia JA, Cuetos F, Carreiras M. Neural correlates of phonological, orthographic and semantic reading processing in dyslexia. Neuroimage Clin 2018; 20:433-447. [PMID: 30128282 PMCID: PMC6096051 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Developmental dyslexia is one of the most prevalent learning disabilities, thought to be associated with dysfunction in the neural systems underlying typical reading acquisition. Neuroimaging research has shown that readers with dyslexia exhibit regional hypoactivation in left hemisphere reading nodes, relative to control counterparts. This evidence, however, comes from studies that have focused only on isolated aspects of reading. The present study aims to characterize left hemisphere regional hypoactivation in readers with dyslexia for the main processes involved in successful reading: phonological, orthographic and semantic. Forty-one participants performed a demanding reading task during MRI scanning. Results showed that readers with dyslexia exhibited hypoactivation associated with phonological processing in parietal regions; with orthographic processing in parietal regions, Broca's area, ventral occipitotemporal cortex and thalamus; and with semantic processing in angular gyrus and hippocampus. Stronger functional connectivity was observed for readers with dyslexia than for control readers 1) between the thalamus and the inferior parietal cortex/ventral occipitotemporal cortex during pseudoword reading; and, 2) between the hippocampus and the pars opercularis during word reading. These findings constitute the strongest evidence to date for the interplay between regional hypoactivation and functional connectivity in the main processes supporting reading in dyslexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M Paz-Alonso
- BCBL, Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Myriam Oliver
- BCBL, Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | | | - Ileana Quiñones
- BCBL, Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Manuel Carreiras
- BCBL, Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain; Departamento de Lengua Vasca y Comunicación, EHU/UPV, Spain
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33
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Oliver M, Carreiras M, Paz-Alonso PM. Functional Dynamics of Dorsal and Ventral Reading Networks in Bilinguals. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:5431-5443. [PMID: 28122808 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In today's world, bilingualism is increasingly common. However, it is still unclear how left-lateralized dorsal and ventral reading networks are tuned to reading in proficient second-language learners. Here, we investigated differences in functional regional activation and connectivity as a function of L1 and L2 reading, L2 orthographic depth, and task demands. Thirty-seven late bilinguals with the same L1 and either an opaque or transparent L2 performed perceptual and semantic reading tasks in L1 and L2 during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning. Results revealed stronger regional recruitment for L2 versus L1 reading and stronger connectivity within the dorsal stream during L1 versus L2 reading. Differences in orthographic depth were associated with a segregated profile of left ventral occipitotemporal (vOT) coactivation with dorsal regions for the transparent L2 group and with ventral regions for the opaque L2 group. Finally, semantic versus perceptual demands modulated left vOT engagement, supporting the interactive account of the contribution of vOT to reading, and were associated with stronger coactivation within the ventral network. Our findings support a division of labor between ventral and dorsal reading networks, elucidating the critical role of the language used to read, L2 orthographic depth, and task demands on the functional dynamics of bilingual reading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Oliver
- BCBL, Basque Center on Cognition Brain and Language, Donostia-San Sebastian, 2009 Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Manuel Carreiras
- BCBL, Basque Center on Cognition Brain and Language, Donostia-San Sebastian, 2009 Gipuzkoa, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48013 Bizkaia, Spain.,Department of Basque Language and Communication, EHU/UPV, Bilbao, 48940 Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Pedro M Paz-Alonso
- BCBL, Basque Center on Cognition Brain and Language, Donostia-San Sebastian, 2009 Gipuzkoa, Spain
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34
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Sheya A, Smith L. Development weaves brains, bodies and environments into cognition. LANGUAGE, COGNITION AND NEUROSCIENCE 2018; 34:1266-1273. [PMID: 31886316 PMCID: PMC6934375 DOI: 10.1080/23273798.2018.1489065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how and why human cognition has the properties it does is one of science's fundamental questions. Current thinking in Cognitive Science has delineated two candidate approaches that differ in how they address the question of the relationship between sensory-motor and cognitive processes. In this paper, we add to this discussion by arguing that this question is properly phrased as a developmental question and that ultimately to understand the properties of human cognition we must ask how does human cognition come to have these properties. We conclude that because development weaves brains, bodies and environments into cognition, cognition is inexorably linked to processes of perceiving and acting and inseparable from them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Sheya
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Linda Smith
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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35
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Kreitz S, de Celis Alonso B, Uder M, Hess A. A New Analysis of Resting State Connectivity and Graph Theory Reveals Distinctive Short-Term Modulations due to Whisker Stimulation in Rats. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:334. [PMID: 29875622 PMCID: PMC5974228 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting state (RS) connectivity has been increasingly studied in healthy and diseased brains in humans and animals. This paper presents a new method to analyze RS data from fMRI that combines multiple seed correlation analysis with graph-theory (MSRA). We characterize and evaluate this new method in relation to two other graph-theoretical methods and ICA. The graph-theoretical methods calculate cross-correlations of regional average time-courses, one using seed regions of the same size (SRCC) and the other using whole brain structure regions (RCCA). We evaluated the reproducibility, power, and capacity of these methods to characterize short-term RS modulation to unilateral physiological whisker stimulation in rats. Graph-theoretical networks found with the MSRA approach were highly reproducible, and their communities showed large overlaps with ICA components. Additionally, MSRA was the only one of all tested methods that had the power to detect significant RS modulations induced by whisker stimulation that are controlled by family-wise error rate (FWE). Compared to the reduced resting state network connectivity during task performance, these modulations implied decreased connectivity strength in the bilateral sensorimotor and entorhinal cortex. Additionally, the contralateral ventromedial thalamus (part of the barrel field related lemniscal pathway) and the hypothalamus showed reduced connectivity. Enhanced connectivity was observed in the amygdala, especially the contralateral basolateral amygdala (involved in emotional learning processes). In conclusion, MSRA is a powerful analytical approach that can reliably detect tiny modulations of RS connectivity. It shows a great promise as a method for studying RS dynamics in healthy and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Kreitz
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, FAU Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benito de Celis Alonso
- Faculty of Mathematical & Physical Sciences, Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Michael Uder
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hess
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, FAU Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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36
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Sarabi MT, Aoki R, Tsumura K, Keerativittayayut R, Jimura K, Nakahara K. Visual perceptual training reconfigures post-task resting-state functional connectivity with a feature-representation region. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196866. [PMID: 29742133 PMCID: PMC5942817 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural mechanisms underlying visual perceptual learning (VPL) have typically been studied by examining changes in task-related brain activation after training. However, the relationship between post-task "offline" processes and VPL remains unclear. The present study examined this question by obtaining resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans of human brains before and after a task-fMRI session involving visual perceptual training. During the task-fMRI session, participants performed a motion coherence discrimination task in which they judged the direction of moving dots with a coherence level that varied between trials (20, 40, and 80%). We found that stimulus-induced activation increased with motion coherence in the middle temporal cortex (MT+), a feature-specific region representing visual motion. On the other hand, stimulus-induced activation decreased with motion coherence in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and bilateral insula, regions involved in decision making under perceptual ambiguity. Moreover, by comparing pre-task and post-task rest periods, we revealed that resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) with the MT+ was significantly increased after training in widespread cortical regions including the bilateral sensorimotor and temporal cortices. In contrast, rs-FC with the MT+ was significantly decreased in subcortical regions including the thalamus and putamen. Importantly, the training-induced change in rs-FC was observed only with the MT+, but not with the dACC or insula. Thus, our findings suggest that perceptual training induces plastic changes in offline functional connectivity specifically in brain regions representing the trained visual feature, emphasising the distinct roles of feature-representation regions and decision-related regions in VPL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryuta Aoki
- Research Center for Brain Communication, Kochi University of Technology, Kami-city, Kochi, Japan
| | - Kaho Tsumura
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Yokohama-city, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Koji Jimura
- Research Center for Brain Communication, Kochi University of Technology, Kami-city, Kochi, Japan
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Yokohama-city, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Nakahara
- School of Information, Kochi University of Technology, Kami-city, Kochi, Japan
- Research Center for Brain Communication, Kochi University of Technology, Kami-city, Kochi, Japan
- * E-mail:
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37
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Rance M, Walsh C, Sukhodolsky DG, Pittman B, Qiu M, Kichuk SA, Wasylink S, Koller WN, Bloch M, Gruner P, Scheinost D, Pittenger C, Hampson M. Time course of clinical change following neurofeedback. Neuroimage 2018; 181:807-813. [PMID: 29729393 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofeedback - learning to modulate brain function through real-time monitoring of current brain state - is both a powerful method to perturb and probe brain function and an exciting potential clinical tool. For neurofeedback effects to be useful clinically, they must persist. Here we examine the time course of symptom change following neurofeedback in two clinical populations, combining data from two ongoing neurofeedback studies. This analysis reveals a shared pattern of symptom change, in which symptoms continue to improve for weeks after neurofeedback. This time course has several implications for future neurofeedback studies. Most neurofeedback studies are not designed to test an intervention with this temporal pattern of response. We recommend that new studies incorporate regular follow-up of subjects for weeks or months after the intervention to ensure that the time point of greatest effect is sampled. Furthermore, this time course of continuing clinical change has implications for crossover designs, which may attribute long-term, ongoing effects of real neurofeedback to the control intervention that follows. Finally, interleaving neurofeedback sessions with assessments and examining when clinical improvement peaks may not be an appropriate approach to determine the optimal number of sessions for an application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Rance
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Christopher Walsh
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Denis G Sukhodolsky
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Brian Pittman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Maolin Qiu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Stephen A Kichuk
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Suzanne Wasylink
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - William N Koller
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Michael Bloch
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Patricia Gruner
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Dustin Scheinost
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Christopher Pittenger
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, United States; Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Michelle Hampson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, United States.
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38
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Thibault RT, MacPherson A, Lifshitz M, Roth RR, Raz A. Neurofeedback with fMRI: A critical systematic review. Neuroimage 2018; 172:786-807. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.12.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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39
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Betti V, Corbetta M, de Pasquale F, Wens V, Della Penna S. Topology of Functional Connectivity and Hub Dynamics in the Beta Band As Temporal Prior for Natural Vision in the Human Brain. J Neurosci 2018; 38:3858-3871. [PMID: 29555851 PMCID: PMC6705907 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1089-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Networks hubs represent points of convergence for the integration of information across many different nodes and systems. Although a great deal is known on the topology of hub regions in the human brain, little is known about their temporal dynamics. Here, we examine the static and dynamic centrality of hub regions when measured in the absence of a task (rest) or during the observation of natural or synthetic visual stimuli. We used Magnetoencephalography (MEG) in humans (both sexes) to measure static and transient regional and network-level interaction in α- and β-band limited power (BLP) in three conditions: visual fixation (rest), viewing of movie clips (natural vision), and time-scrambled versions of the same clips (scrambled vision). Compared with rest, we observed in both movie conditions a robust decrement of α-BLP connectivity. Moreover, both movie conditions caused a significant reorganization of connections in the α band, especially between networks. In contrast, β-BLP connectivity was remarkably similar between rest and natural vision. Not only the topology did not change, but the joint dynamics of hubs in a core network during natural vision was predicted by similar fluctuations in the resting state. We interpret these findings by suggesting that slow-varying fluctuations of integration occurring in higher-order regions in the β band may be a mechanism to anticipate and predict slow-varying temporal patterns of the visual environment.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT A fundamental question in neuroscience concerns the function of spontaneous brain connectivity. Here, we tested the hypothesis that topology of intrinsic brain connectivity and its dynamics might predict those observed during natural vision. Using MEG, we tracked the static and time-varying brain functional connectivity when observers were either fixating or watching different movie clips. The spatial distribution of connections and the dynamics of centrality of a set of regions were similar during rest and movie in the β band, but not in the α band. These results support the hypothesis that the intrinsic β-rhythm integration occurs with a similar temporal structure during natural vision, possibly providing advanced information about incoming stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Betti
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy,
- Fondazione Santa Lucia, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome 00142, Italy
| | - Maurizio Corbetta
- Department of Neuroscience and Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padua, Padua 35128, Italy
- Department of Neurology, Radiology, and Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63101
| | | | - Vincent Wens
- Laboratoire de Cartographie fonctionnelle du Cerveau, UNI-ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) and Magnetoencephalography Unit, Department of Functional Neuroimaging, Service of Nuclear Medicine, CUB-Hôpital Erasme, Brussels 1070, Belgium, and
| | - Stefania Della Penna
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences and Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, G. d'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti 66013, Italy
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40
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Akbar N, Sandroff BM, Wylie GR, Strober LB, Smith A, Goverover Y, Motl RW, DeLuca J, Genova H. Progressive resistance exercise training and changes in resting-state functional connectivity of the caudate in persons with multiple sclerosis and severe fatigue: A proof-of-concept study. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2018; 30:54-66. [PMID: 29618280 DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2018.1449758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Fatigue is one of the most disabling symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS). While progressive resistance training (PRT) has been shown to reduce fatigue in persons with MS, it is not clear why these reductions occur. One hypothesis is that PRT may induce functional changes to the caudate, a region highly implicated in MS fatigue. The aim of the current study was to study the effects of PRT on overall fatigue impact and resting-state functional connectivity of the caudate in persons with MS reporting severe fatigue. Participants were semi-randomly assigned to either a 16-week home-based PRT (n = 5) or stretching control (n = 5) condition. Both groups demonstrated reductions in overall fatigue impact (main effect of time: F = .84, d = .65). Significant group × time interactions were found, with the PRT group demonstrating post-training increases in functional connectivity between the caudate and left inferior parietal (F = 66.0, p < .001), bilateral frontal (both p < .001), and right insula (F = 21.8, p = .002) regions compared to the stretching group. Furthermore, greater post-training increases in functional connectivity between the caudate and left inferior parietal region were associated with greater decreases in cognitive fatigue (r = -.52) specifically. This study provides initial evidence for the caudate as a potential neural substrate for the beneficial effects of PRT on fatigue in persons with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Akbar
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian M Sandroff
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Glenn R Wylie
- Neuropsychology and Neuroscience Laboratory, Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
| | - Lauren B Strober
- Neuropsychology and Neuroscience Laboratory, Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
| | - Angela Smith
- Neuropsychology and Neuroscience Laboratory, Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
| | - Yael Goverover
- Neuropsychology and Neuroscience Laboratory, Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
| | - Robert W Motl
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - John DeLuca
- Neuropsychology and Neuroscience Laboratory, Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Helen Genova
- Neuropsychology and Neuroscience Laboratory, Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
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41
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Wilf M, Strappini F, Golan T, Hahamy A, Harel M, Malach R. Spontaneously Emerging Patterns in Human Visual Cortex Reflect Responses to Naturalistic Sensory Stimuli. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:750-763. [PMID: 26574501 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In the absence of stimulus or task, the cortex spontaneously generates rich and consistent functional connectivity patterns (termed resting state networks) which are evident even within individual cortical areas. We and others have previously hypothesized that habitual cortical network activations during daily life contribute to the shaping of these connectivity patterns. Here we tested this hypothesis by comparing, using blood oxygen level-dependent-functional magnetic resonance imaging, the connectivity patterns that spontaneously emerge during rest in retinotopic visual areas to the patterns generated by naturalistic visual stimuli (repeated movie segments). These were then compared with connectivity patterns produced by more standard retinotopic mapping stimuli (polar and eccentricity mapping). Our results reveal that the movie-driven patterns were significantly more similar to the spontaneously emerging patterns, compared with the connectivity patterns of either eccentricity or polar mapping stimuli. Intentional visual imagery of naturalistic stimuli was unlikely to underlie these results, since they were duplicated when participants were engaged in an auditory task. Our results suggest that the connectivity patterns that appear during rest better reflect naturalistic activations rather than controlled, artificially designed stimuli. The results are compatible with the hypothesis that the spontaneous connectivity patterns in human retinotopic areas reflect the statistics of cortical coactivations during natural vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meytal Wilf
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Francesca Strappini
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Tal Golan
- The Edmund and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avital Hahamy
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Michal Harel
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Rafael Malach
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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42
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Gratton C, Sun H, Petersen SE. Control networks and hubs. Psychophysiology 2017; 55. [PMID: 29193146 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Executive control functions are associated with frontal, parietal, cingulate, and insular brain regions that interact through distributed large-scale networks. Here, we discuss how fMRI functional connectivity can shed light on the organization of control networks and how they interact with other parts of the brain. In the first section of our review, we present convergent evidence from fMRI functional connectivity, activation, and lesion studies that there are multiple dissociable control networks in the brain with distinct functional properties. In the second section, we discuss how graph theoretical concepts can help illuminate the mechanisms by which control networks interact with other brain regions to carry out goal-directed functions, focusing on the role of specialized hub regions for mediating cross-network interactions. Again, we use a combination of functional connectivity, lesion, and task activation studies to bolster this claim. We conclude that a large-scale network perspective provides important neurobiological constraints on the neural underpinnings of executive control, which will guide future basic and translational research into executive function and its disruption in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Gratton
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Haoxin Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Steven E Petersen
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Stimulus-Elicited Connectivity Influences Resting-State Connectivity Years Later in Human Development: A Prospective Study. J Neurosci 2017; 36:4771-84. [PMID: 27122035 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0598-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Although the functional architecture of the brain is indexed by resting-state connectivity networks, little is currently known about the mechanisms through which these networks assemble into stable mature patterns. The current study posits and tests the long-term phasic molding hypothesis that resting-state networks are gradually shaped by recurring stimulus-elicited connectivity across development by examining how both stimulus-elicited and resting-state functional connections of the human brain emerge over development at the systems level. Using a sequential design following 4- to 18-year-olds over a 2 year period, we examined the predictive associations between stimulus-elicited and resting-state connectivity in amygdala-cortical circuitry as an exemplar case (given this network's protracted development across these ages). Age-related changes in amygdala functional connectivity converged on the same regions of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and inferior frontal gyrus when elicited by emotional stimuli and when measured at rest. Consistent with the long-term phasic molding hypothesis, prospective analyses for both connections showed that the magnitude of an individual's stimulus-elicited connectivity unidirectionally predicted resting-state functional connectivity 2 years later. For the amygdala-mPFC connection, only stimulus-elicited connectivity during childhood and the transition to adolescence shaped future resting-state connectivity, consistent with a sensitive period ending with adolescence for the amygdala-mPFC circuit. Together, these findings suggest that resting-state functional architecture may arise from phasic patterns of functional connectivity elicited by environmental stimuli over the course of development on the order of years. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT A fundamental issue in understanding the ontogeny of brain function is how resting-state (intrinsic) functional networks emerge and relate to stimulus-elicited functional connectivity. Here, we posit and test the long-term phasic molding hypothesis that resting-state network development is influenced by recurring stimulus-elicited connectivity through prospective examination of the developing human amygdala-cortical functional connections. Our results provide critical insight into how early environmental events sculpt functional network architecture across development and highlight childhood as a potential developmental period of heightened malleability for the amygdala-medial prefrontal cortex circuit. These findings have implications for how both positive and adverse experiences influence the developing brain and motivate future investigations of whether this molding mechanism reflects a general phenomenon of brain development.
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Kopel R, Emmert K, Scharnowski F, Haller S, Van De Ville D. Distributed Patterns of Brain Activity Underlying Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2017; 64:1228-1237. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2016.2598818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Robineau F, Meskaldji DE, Koush Y, Rieger SW, Mermoud C, Morgenthaler S, Van De Ville D, Vuilleumier P, Scharnowski F. Maintenance of Voluntary Self-regulation Learned through Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:131. [PMID: 28386224 PMCID: PMC5363181 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofeedback based on real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is an emerging technique that allows for learning voluntary control over brain activity. Such brain training has been shown to cause specific behavioral or cognitive enhancements, and even therapeutic effects in neurological and psychiatric patient populations. However, for clinical applications it is important to know if learned self-regulation can be maintained over longer periods of time and whether it transfers to situations without neurofeedback. Here, we present preliminary results from five healthy participants who successfully learned to control their visual cortex activity and who we re-scanned 6 and 14 months after the initial neurofeedback training to perform learned self-regulation. We found that participants achieved levels of self-regulation that were similar to those achieved at the end of the successful initial training, and this without further neurofeedback information. Our results demonstrate that learned self-regulation can be maintained over longer periods of time and causes lasting transfer effects. They thus support the notion that neurofeedback is a promising therapeutic approach whose effects can last far beyond the actual training period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Robineau
- Laboratory for Behavioral Neurology and Imaging of Cognition, Department of Neuroscience, University Medical CenterGeneva, Switzerland; Geneva Neuroscience CenterGeneva, Switzerland
| | - Djalel E Meskaldji
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, CIBM, University of GenevaGeneva, Switzerland; Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanne, Switzerland; Institute of Mathematics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yury Koush
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, CIBM, University of GenevaGeneva, Switzerland; Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanne, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New HavenCT, USA
| | - Sebastian W Rieger
- Geneva Neuroscience CenterGeneva, Switzerland; Swiss Center for Affective SciencesGeneva, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Mermoud
- Laboratory for Behavioral Neurology and Imaging of Cognition, Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Morgenthaler
- Institute of Mathematics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dimitri Van De Ville
- Geneva Neuroscience CenterGeneva, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, CIBM, University of GenevaGeneva, Switzerland; Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrik Vuilleumier
- Laboratory for Behavioral Neurology and Imaging of Cognition, Department of Neuroscience, University Medical CenterGeneva, Switzerland; Geneva Neuroscience CenterGeneva, Switzerland; Swiss Center for Affective SciencesGeneva, Switzerland
| | - Frank Scharnowski
- Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zurich, ZürichSwitzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, ZürichSwitzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, ZürichSwitzerland
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Gee DG. Sensitive Periods of Emotion Regulation: Influences of Parental Care on Frontoamygdala Circuitry and Plasticity. New Dir Child Adolesc Dev 2017; 2016:87-110. [PMID: 27589500 DOI: 10.1002/cad.20166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Early caregiving experiences play a central role in shaping emotional development, stress physiology, and refinement of limbic circuitry. Converging evidence across species delineates a sensitive period of heightened neuroplasticity when frontoamygdala circuitry is especially amenable to caregiver inputs early in life. During this period, parental buffering regulates emotional behaviors and stress physiology as emotion regulation circuitry continues to mature. By contrast, disorganized or poor quality caregiving has profound and lasting consequences on the maturation of frontoamygdala circuitry essential for emotion regulation, even following termination of this early life stressor (e.g., adoption from orphanage). This article highlights how interactions between caregiving experiences and the biological state of the developing brain have broad implications for long-term health.
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Resting-State Network Topology Differentiates Task Signals across the Adult Life Span. J Neurosci 2017; 37:2734-2745. [PMID: 28174333 PMCID: PMC5354325 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2406-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain network connectivity differs across individuals. For example, older adults exhibit less segregated resting-state subnetworks relative to younger adults (Chan et al., 2014). It has been hypothesized that individual differences in network connectivity impact the recruitment of brain areas during task execution. While recent studies have described the spatial overlap between resting-state functional correlation (RSFC) subnetworks and task-evoked activity, it is unclear whether individual variations in the connectivity pattern of a brain area (topology) relates to its activity during task execution. We report data from 238 cognitively normal participants (humans), sampled across the adult life span (20–89 years), to reveal that RSFC-based network organization systematically relates to the recruitment of brain areas across two functionally distinct tasks (visual and semantic). The functional activity of brain areas (network nodes) were characterized according to their patterns of RSFC: nodes with relatively greater connections to nodes in their own functional system (“non-connector” nodes) exhibited greater activity than nodes with relatively greater connections to nodes in other systems (“connector” nodes). This “activation selectivity” was specific to those brain systems that were central to each of the tasks. Increasing age was accompanied by less differentiated network topology and a corresponding reduction in activation selectivity (or differentiation) across relevant network nodes. The results provide evidence that connectional topology of brain areas quantified at rest relates to the functional activity of those areas during task. Based on these findings, we propose a novel network-based theory for previous reports of the “dedifferentiation” in brain activity observed in aging. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Similar to other real-world networks, the organization of brain networks impacts their function. As brain network connectivity patterns differ across individuals, we hypothesized that individual differences in network connectivity would relate to differences in brain activity. Using functional MRI in a group of individuals sampled across the adult life span (20–89 years), we measured correlations at rest and related the functional connectivity patterns to measurements of functional activity during two independent tasks. Brain activity varied in relation to connectivity patterns revealed by large-scale network analysis. This relationship tracked the differences in connectivity patterns accompanied by older age, providing important evidence for a link between the topology of areal connectivity measured at rest and the functional recruitment of these areas during task performance.
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Tal Z, Geva R, Amedi A. Positive and Negative Somatotopic BOLD Responses in Contralateral Versus Ipsilateral Penfield Homunculus. Cereb Cortex 2017; 27:962-980. [PMID: 28168279 PMCID: PMC6093432 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the basic properties of sensory cortices is their topographical organization. Most imaging studies explored this organization using the positive blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal. Here, we studied the topographical organization of both positive and negative BOLD in contralateral and ipsilateral primary somatosensory cortex (S1). Using phase-locking mapping methods, we verified the topographical organization of contralateral S1, and further showed that different body segments elicit pronounced negative BOLD responses in both hemispheres. In the contralateral hemisphere, we found a sharpening mechanism in which stimulation of a given body segment triggered a gradient of activation with a significant deactivation in more remote areas. In the ipsilateral cortex, deactivation was not only located in the homolog area of the stimulated parts but rather was widespread across many parts of S1. Additionally, analysis of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging signal showed a gradient of connectivity to the neighboring contralateral body parts as well as to the ipsilateral homologous area for each body part. Taken together, our results indicate a complex pattern of baseline and activity-dependent responses in the contralateral and ipsilateral sides. Both primary sensory areas were characterized by unique negative BOLD responses, suggesting that they are an important component in topographic organization of sensory cortices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohar Tal
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel – Canada (IMRIC), Faculty of Medicine
| | - Ran Geva
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel – Canada (IMRIC), Faculty of Medicine
| | - Amir Amedi
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel – Canada (IMRIC), Faculty of Medicine
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Science (ELSC)
- Program of Cognitive Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91220, Israel
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Sitaram R, Ros T, Stoeckel L, Haller S, Scharnowski F, Lewis-Peacock J, Weiskopf N, Blefari ML, Rana M, Oblak E, Birbaumer N, Sulzer J. Closed-loop brain training: the science of neurofeedback. Nat Rev Neurosci 2016; 18:86-100. [PMID: 28003656 DOI: 10.1038/nrn.2016.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 527] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Meshulam M, Malach R. Trained to silence: Progressive signal inhibition during short visuo-motor training. Neuroimage 2016; 143:106-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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