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Gonçalves Vero J, Devillers N, Bridi AM, Moak KAT, Aboagye G, Agostinis Ferreira G, Genova JL, Conte S, Faucitano L. Transport of Pigs of Two Market Weights at Two Space Allowances: Effects on Behaviour, Blood Parameters, and Meat Quality under Summer and Winter Conditions. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2767. [PMID: 37685030 PMCID: PMC10486778 DOI: 10.3390/ani13172767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out through two separate experiments aiming at evaluating the effects of two space allowances (0.54 and 0.62 m2/pig in summer and 0.44 m2/pig and 0.50 m2/pig in winter) on the behavioural and physiological response, and meat quality of pigs of two slaughter weights (120 kg and 140 kg). In summer, higher blood haematocrit levels were found at slaughter in heavier pigs transported at a smaller space allowance (p = 0.04). During lairage, pigs transported at a smaller space allowance started fighting later (p = 0.04). Fighting behaviour was greater in heavier pigs (p ≤ 0.05), whilst their drinking activity was lower (p < 0.05). This resulted in greater exsanguination blood CK levels (p < 0.01) and drier hams (p = 0.05) in heavier pigs. In winter, only lower space allowance influenced some meat quality traits (p < 0.05), but these effects were minor. The effects of space allowance during summer transports on within-truck ambient conditions, post-transport pigs' welfare, and meat quality are similar. Mixing heavier pigs may result in greater aggressiveness and more fatigue-related meat quality variation during summer. Overall, winter transport results may have been biased by the short journey and within-truck load distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Gonçalves Vero
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada; (J.G.V.); (N.D.); (S.C.)
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86051-990, Brazil; (A.M.B.); (G.A.F.)
| | - Nicolas Devillers
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada; (J.G.V.); (N.D.); (S.C.)
| | - Ana Maria Bridi
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86051-990, Brazil; (A.M.B.); (G.A.F.)
| | - Kyle A. T. Moak
- Department of Animal Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada;
| | - Gizella Aboagye
- European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Via Carlo Magno 1A, 43126 Parma, Italy;
| | | | - Jansller Luiz Genova
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil;
| | - Sabine Conte
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada; (J.G.V.); (N.D.); (S.C.)
| | - Luigi Faucitano
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada; (J.G.V.); (N.D.); (S.C.)
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Moak KA, Bergeron R, Conte S, Bohrer BM, Arrazola A, Devillers N, Faucitano L. Use of two novel trailer types for transportation of pigs to slaughter. 1. Effects on trailer microclimate, pig behaviour, physiological response, and meat quality under Canadian summer conditions. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2022-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A total of 3,366 pigs were transported to slaughter in summer (six replicates/trailer type; July-August in southwestern Ontario) using three trailers: a modified triple-deck pot-belly (MPB), an advanced flat-deck (AFD), and a standard pot-belly (SPB). Within trailers, ambient conditions, temperature (T°C ), relative humidity (RH%), and temperature-humidity-index (THI), were monitored in three compartments (bottom front, BF, middle deck, MM, and top rear, TR). A total of 324 pigs were selected for the analysis of hematocrit, lactate, and creatine kinase (CK) levels in exsanguination blood and for the evaluation of pork quality as assessed in the longissimus (LM), semimembranosus (SM), and adductor (AD) muscles. The AFD and MPB trailers presented lower (P < 0.01) T°C and THI compared to the SPB during transit. In the SPB trailer, pigs transported in the MM compartment showed higher (P < 0.01) blood CK concentrations than those transported in the BF compartment and lower pHu values in the SM and AD muscles (P = 0.02 and P = 0.04, respectively) than those transported in the TR compartment. Although the AFD trailer design provided a better microclimate for pigs, the improvements in the design of the novel trailers only slightly reduced stress in pigs during summer transits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A.T. Moak
- University of Guelph, 3653, Animal Biosciences, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Renée Bergeron
- University of Guelph, Animal Biosciences, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sabine Conte
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , Sherbrooke R & D Centre , Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Aitor Arrazola
- Purdue University, 311308, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Nicolas Devillers
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 6337, Sherbrooke R & D Centre, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Luigi Faucitano
- Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke R&D Centre, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada,
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Moak KA, Bergeron R, Conte S, Bohrer BM, Agostinis Ferreira G, Gonçalves Vero J, Aboagye G, Arrazola A, Devillers N, Faucitano L. Use of two novel trailer types for transportation of pigs to slaughter. 2. Effects on trailer microclimate, pig behaviour, physiological response, and meat quality under Canadian winter conditions. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2022-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In total, 3,654 market pigs were transported to slaughter in winter (six replicates/treatment; January-February in southwestern Ontario) using three trailers: a modified triple-deck pot-belly (MPB), an advanced flat-deck (AFD) trailer, and a standard pot-belly (SPB). Within trailers, ambient conditions, temperature (T°C), relative humidity (RH%) and temperature and humidity index (THI), were monitored in three compartments (bottom front, BF, middle middle deck, MM, and top rear, TR). In total, 324 pigs were selected for the analysis of hematocrit, lactate, and creatine kinase (CK) levels in exsanguination blood and for the evaluation of pork quality as assessed in the longissimus (LM), semimembranosus (SM), and adductor (AD) muscles. The SPB trailer overall was approximately 2.5°C warmer (P = 0.01) compared to the MPB and AFD trailers while stationary at the farm. No differences (P > 0.10) in blood variables were found between trailers. The pHu value of the SM muscle was greater (P = 0.05) for pigs transported in the SPB trailer than in the AFD and MPB trailers. Given the few substantial effects of trailer models on animal welfare and meat quality, these three trailer models can be used indifferently for short-distance transportation in winter conditions in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A.T. Moak
- University of Guelph, 3653, Animal Biosciences, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Renée Bergeron
- University of Guelph, Animal Biosciences, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sabine Conte
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , Sherbrooke R&D Centre, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Benjamin M Bohrer
- The Ohio State University, 2647, Food Science, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | | | - Jessica Gonçalves Vero
- State University of Londrina Centre of Agricultural Sciences, 495591, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Gizella Aboagye
- University of Bologna, 9296, Agricultural and Food Sciences, Division of Animal Science, Bologna, Italy
| | - Aitor Arrazola
- Purdue University, 311308, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Nicolas Devillers
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 6337, Sherbrooke R&D Centre, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Luigi Faucitano
- Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke R & D Centre, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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Carcass Lesion Severity and Pre-Slaughter Conditions in Heavy Pigs: A Prospective Study at a Commercial Abattoir in Northern Italy. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12031078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Pre-slaughter conditions and their effects on carcass quality have been largely addressed for pigs of 90–100 kg live weight, while few studies consider the effects of pre-slaughter conditions on the quality of the carcasses obtained from heavy pigs intended for Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) production. A total of 1680 heavy pigs were transported in 72 batches from a farm to a commercial abattoir on 16 different days, avoiding mixing unfamiliar animals. Slaughterhouse conditions, animal behaviors, and human–animal interactions were annotated at unloading and during the race toward the stunning cage. Carcass lesions on the rear, middle, and shoulder parts of the carcasses were scored. The prevalence of carcasses with severe lesions was 6.92%, 11.87%, and 6.83%, for the rear, middle, and shoulder parts, respectively. Among the pre-slaughter events, waiting before unloading and improper handling practices at the abattoir were the major factors affecting carcass lesion severity. Lairage pen space allowance was also found to affect severe rear and shoulder lesions, and the batches that were transported in the trailer had an increased prevalence of severe shoulder lesions. Our results suggest waiting time before unloading should be shortened as much as possible, and educational programs to train operators for more careful management of animals in the abattoir are greatly required to avoid improper animal handling practices.
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Nielsen SS, Alvarez J, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Depner K, Drewe JA, Garin‐Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortázar Schmidt C, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MÁ, Roberts HC, Sihvonen LH, Spoolder H, Stahl K, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Candiani D, Fabris C, Van der Stede Y, Velarde A. Welfare of pigs at slaughter. EFSA J 2020; 18:e06148. [PMID: 32874326 PMCID: PMC7447914 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The killing of pigs for human consumption (slaughtering) can take place in a slaughterhouse or on farm. The processes of slaughtering that were assessed for welfare, from the arrival of pigs until their death, were grouped into three main phases: pre-stunning (including arrival, unloading from the truck, lairage, handling and moving of pigs); stunning (including restraint); and bleeding. Stunning methods were grouped into three categories: electrical, controlled atmosphere and mechanical. Twelve welfare consequences the pigs can be exposed to during slaughter were identified: heat stress, cold stress, fatigue, prolonged thirst, prolonged hunger, impeded movement, restriction of movements, resting problem, negative social behaviour, pain, fear and respiratory distress. Welfare consequences and relevant animal-based measures were described. In total, 30 welfare hazards that could occur during slaughter were identified and characterised, most of them related to stunning and bleeding. Staff were identified as the origin of 29 hazards, which were attributed to the lack of appropriate skill sets needed to perform tasks or to fatigue. Corrective and preventive measures for these hazards were assessed: measures to correct hazards were identified, and management was shown to have a crucial role in prevention. Outcome tables linking hazards, welfare consequences, animal-based measures, origins and preventive and corrective measures were developed for each process. Mitigation measures to minimise welfare consequences are proposed.
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Rocha LM, Devillers N, Maldague X, Kabemba FZ, Fleuret J, Guay F, Faucitano L. Validation of Anatomical Sites for the Measurement of Infrared Body Surface Temperature Variation in Response to Handling and Transport. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E425. [PMID: 31284574 PMCID: PMC6680931 DOI: 10.3390/ani9070425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at validating the anatomical sites for the measurement of infrared (IR) body surface temperature as a tool to monitor the pigs' response to handling and transport stress. The selected anatomical sites were the neck (infrared neck temperature-IRNT), rump (infrared rump temperature-IRRT), orbital (infrared orbital temperature-IROT) and behind ears (infrared behind ears temperature-IRBET) regions. A total of 120 pigs were handled from the finishing pen to the loading dock through a handling test course. Two handling types (gentle vs. rough) and number of laps (1 vs. 3) were applied according to a 2 × 2 factorial design. After loading, pigs were transported for 40 min and returned to their home pens. Animal behavior, heart rate, rectal temperature and salivary cortisol concentration were measured for validation. Increased IR body temperature, heart rate and salivary cortisol levels were observed in response to rough handling and longer distance walk (P < 0.05 for all). The greatest correlations were found between IROT and IRBET temperatures and salivary cortisol concentration at the end of the handling test (r = 0.49 and r = 0.50, respectively; P < 0.001 for both). Therefore, IR pig's head surface temperature may be useful for a comprehensive assessment of the physiological response to handling and transport stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiene M Rocha
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada.
| | - Nicolas Devillers
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - Xavier Maldague
- Département de génie électrique, Université Laval, 2325 Rue de l'Université, Quebec, QC G1V A06, Canada
| | - Fidèle Z Kabemba
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada
- Département des sciences animales, Université Laval, 2425 Rue de l'Agriculture, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Julien Fleuret
- Département de génie électrique, Université Laval, 2325 Rue de l'Université, Quebec, QC G1V A06, Canada
| | - Fréderic Guay
- Département des sciences animales, Université Laval, 2425 Rue de l'Agriculture, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Luigi Faucitano
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada
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Faucitano L. Preslaughter handling practices and their effects on animal welfare and pork quality. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:728-738. [PMID: 29401265 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skx064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
At all times, prior to slaughter, pigs may experience stress from a range of handling practices, such as fasting, loading and transport, mixing, and interaction with humans. These factors can affect the welfare of pigs and carcass and meat quality, both individually and collectively. Preslaughter stress is both an animal welfare and a meat quality issue. Behavioral and physiological studies have revealed that poor handling practices at the farm, during transport and at the slaughter plant, have an adverse effect on pigs and may result in the loss of profits due to animal losses during transport and in lairage. Also, poor preslaughter handling can also lead to losses in carcass value as a result of reduced yield, the presence of lesions and bacterial contamination, and meat quality defects (e.g., pale, soft, exudative and dark, firm, dry pork). These economic losses can be limited by improving the design of facilities, controlling the environmental conditions, and implementing training programs for the correct animal handling at any stage preslaughter. The objective of this review was to review research findings on the effects of preslaughter practices on ante-mortem behavioral and physiological response in pigs, including muscle metabolism, and to provide recommendations aimed at limiting the impact of preslaughter handling on animal losses and pork quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Faucitano
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, Canada
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8
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Goumon S, Faucitano L. Influence of loading handling and facilities on the subsequent response to pre-slaughter stress in pigs. Livest Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Dalla Costa FA, Lopes LS, Dalla Costa OA. Effects of the Truck Suspension System on Animal Welfare, Carcass and Meat Quality Traits in Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2017; 7:ani7010005. [PMID: 28106802 PMCID: PMC5295155 DOI: 10.3390/ani7010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the effects of two types of commercial suspension (leaf-spring (LS) vs. air suspension (AS)) installed on two similar double-decked trucks on blood cortisol and lactate concentration, lairage behavior, carcass skin lesions and pork quality traits of 120 crossbred pigs. The suspension type neither influenced pig behaviour in lairage nor blood cortisol and lactate concentrations (p > 0.10). However, when compared with the AS suspension system, the use of LS increased the number of skin lesions in the back and thigh (p = 0.03 and p = 0.01, respectively) and produced thigh with lower pHu (p < 0.001) and yellower colour (higher b* value; p = 0.03), and paler back muscles (subjective colour; p < 0.05), with a tendency to lower pH (p = 0.06). Therefore, the use air suspension system can improve carcass and meat quality traits of pigs transported to slaughter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Antônio Dalla Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, University of São Paulo State UNESP-FCAV, Jaboticabal 14884-900, Brazil.
- Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Etologia e Ecologia Animal-ETCO, UNESP/FCAV, Jaboticabal 14884-900, Brazil.
| | - Letícia S Lopes
- Embrapa Swine and Poultry, BR 153, Km 110, Concórdia 89700-991, Brazil.
| | - Osmar Antônio Dalla Costa
- Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Etologia e Ecologia Animal-ETCO, UNESP/FCAV, Jaboticabal 14884-900, Brazil.
- Embrapa Swine and Poultry, BR 153, Km 110, Concórdia 89700-991, Brazil.
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Rocha LM, Velarde A, Dalmau A, Saucier L, Faucitano L. Can the monitoring of animal welfare parameters predict pork meat quality variation through the supply chain (from farm to slaughter)? J Anim Sci 2016; 94:359-76. [PMID: 26812341 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between the animal welfare conditions evaluated through the supply chain and pork quality variation. A total of 4,680 pigs from 12 farms-5 animal welfare improved raising system (AWIRS) and 7 conventional raising system (CON) farms-were assessed from farm to slaughter through a comprehensive audit protocol merging the European Welfare Quality, the Canadian Animal Care Assessment, and American Meat Institute audit guide criteria. At the abattoir, a subsample of 1,440 pigs (120 pigs/farm) was randomly chosen out of 24 loads (2 farms per wk) transported by 2 drivers (driver A and driver B) for the assessment of stunning effectiveness, carcass bruises, blood lactate levels, and meat quality traits. Meat quality was assessed in the longissimus lumborum (LL) muscle 24 h postmortem by measuring ultimate pH (pHu), color (L*, a*, and b*), and drip loss. Data were analyzed by the MIXED, GLIMMIX, and NAPAR1WAY procedures of SAS. Spearman correlations were calculated to determine the relationship between audit scores and meat quality traits. Better animal welfare conditions, as showed by greater final scores for good housing (GHo; = 0.001) and good health ( = 0.006) principles, were recorded at AWIRS farms. Pigs from AWIRS farms handled by driver B displayed a greater percentage of turning back ( = 0.01) and slips ( < 0.001) during unloading and a greater ( = 0.02) frequency of falls in the stunning chute. A greater ( = 0.02) reluctance to move at loading was found in CON pigs loaded by driver A compared with driver B, whereas a greater ( < 0.001) reluctance to move was found in these pigs at unloading when they were unloaded by driver B. Drip loss was higher ( = 0.003) and pale, soft, and exudative pork percentage was greater ( < 0.001) in the LL muscle of the heavier AWIRS pigs. The GHO principle was best correlated with pHu ( = -0.75, = 0.01) and Minolta L* value ( = 0.87, < 0.001) of the LL muscle. Overall, drip loss variation in the LL muscle was correlated with the frequency of slips at unloading ( = 0.63, = 0.001) and in the restrainer area ( = 0.74, < 0.001). The results of this study showed that the quality of the raising system and truck driver skills as assessed by animal welfare audit protocols are important sources of variation in the behavioral response of pigs to preslaughter handling and may affect pork quality variation. However, the different live weight between CON and AWIRS pigs may have biased the meat quality results in this study.
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11
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Dalla Costa FA, Devillers N, Paranhos da Costa MJR, Faucitano L. Effects of applying preslaughter feed withdrawal at the abattoir on behaviour, blood parameters and meat quality in pigs. Meat Sci 2016; 119:89-94. [PMID: 27153357 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F A Dalla Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - N Devillers
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2000 College Street, J1M 0C8 Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - M J R Paranhos da Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - L Faucitano
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2000 College Street, J1M 0C8 Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
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Frese DA, Reinhardt CD, Bartle SJ, Rethorst DN, Hutcheson JP, Nichols WT, Depenbusch BE, Corrigan ME, Thomson DU. Cattle handling technique can induce fatigued cattle syndrome in cattle not fed a beta adrenergic agonist1. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:581-91. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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13
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Brandt P, Aaslyng M, Rousing T, Schild SA, Herskin M. The relationship between selected physiological post-mortem measures and an overall pig welfare assessment from farm to slaughter. Livest Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Wu G, Shi X, Zhou J, Wang L, Li Y, Song C, Xiang A, Dong P, Sun S. Differential expression of meat quality and intramuscular fat deposition related genes in Hanjiang black pigs. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2014; 46:1087-90. [PMID: 25267723 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmu087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guofang Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Xin'e Shi
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Jiping Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Yuefeng Li
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Chengchuang Song
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Aoqi Xiang
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Peiyue Dong
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Shiduo Sun
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
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Hand-held lactate analyzer as a tool for the real-time measurement of physical fatigue before slaughter and pork quality prediction. Animal 2014; 9:707-14. [PMID: 25399703 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731114002766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to assess the relationship between blood lactate variation measured at the plant, and pork quality variation on a large sample size and under commercial preslaughter handling conditions. A total of 600 pigs were randomly chosen on arrival at a commercial slaughter plant and blood samples taken from the ear vein at unloading (UN), after lairage (LA), in the restrainer (RE; before stunning) and at exsanguination (EX) were analysed for lactate content using a Lactate Scout Analyzer (LSA). In order to have a large range of measures, pigs were distributed into two groups; one kept in lairage overnight (G1) and the other for 2 to 3 h (G2) before slaughter. Meat quality was assessed in the Longissimus thoracis (LT), Semimembranosus (SM) and Adductor (AD) muscles by measuring the pH 30 min postmortem (pH1) and at 24 h postmortem (pHu), the colour and the drip loss. Blood lactate levels did not differ between G1 and G2 (P>0.05). A reduced muscle lactate and glucose contents (P=0.02 and P=0.004, respectively) resulting in a lower (P<0.001) glycolytic potential (GP) was observed in the LT muscle of G1 pigs when compared with G2 loins. In the LT muscle of G1 pigs, the lower GP resulted in an increased pHu (r=-0.67; P<0.001), decreased drip loss (r=0.57; P<0.001) and darker colour (r=0.50; P<0.001) compared with G2. In both G1 and G2 pigs, the lower GP was correlated to higher pHu value in the SM and AD muscles (r=-0.73; P<0.001). The greatest correlation was observed in G2 between blood lactate levels at LA and pHu value of the SM and AD muscles (r=0.46 and r=0.44, respectively; P<0.001 for both muscles). The second greatest correlation was found between blood lactate levels at EX and pH1 value in the SM muscle in both groups (r=-0.37 and r=-0.41, respectively; P<0.001 for both groups). Based on the results of this study, it appears that blood lactate levels, as measured by the LSA, reliably reflect the physiological response of pigs to perimortem stress and may help explain the variation in pork quality.
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