1
|
Gonçalves Vero J, Devillers N, Bridi AM, Moak KAT, Aboagye G, Agostinis Ferreira G, Genova JL, Conte S, Faucitano L. Correction: Gonçalves Vero et al. Transport of Pigs of Two Market Weights at Two Space Allowances: Effects on Behaviour, Blood Parameters, and Meat Quality under Summer and Winter Conditions. Animals 2023, 13, 2767. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:810. [PMID: 38473204 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In the original publication [...].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Gonçalves Vero
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86051-990, Brazil
| | - Nicolas Devillers
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - Ana Maria Bridi
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86051-990, Brazil
| | - Kyle A T Moak
- Department of Animal Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Gizella Aboagye
- European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Via Carlo Magno 1A, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | | | - Jansller Luiz Genova
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Sabine Conte
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - Luigi Faucitano
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Valente Junior DT, Genova JL, Kim SW, Saraiva A, Rocha GC. Carbohydrases and Phytase in Poultry and Pig Nutrition: A Review beyond the Nutrients and Energy Matrix. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:226. [PMID: 38254395 PMCID: PMC10812482 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This review aimed to clarify the mechanisms through which exogenous enzymes (carbohydrases and phytase) influence intestinal health, as well as their effects on the nutrients and energy matrix in diets fed to poultry and pigs reared under sanitary challenging conditions. Enzyme supplementation can positively affect intestinal microbiota, immune system, and enhance antioxidant status. Although enzymes have been shown to save energy and nutrients, their responses under sanitary challenging conditions are poorly documented. Immune system activation alters nutrient partitioning, which can affect the matrix values for exogenous enzymes on commercial farms. Notably, the carbohydrases and phytase supplementation under sanitary challenging conditions align with energy and nutritional valorization matrices. Studies conducted under commercial conditions have shown that matrices containing carbohydrases and phytase can maintain growth performance and health in poultry and pigs. However, these studies have predominantly focused on assessing a single level of reduction in energy and/or available phosphorus and total calcium, limiting our ability to quantify potential energy and nutrient savings in the diet. Future research should delve deeper into determining the extent of energy and nutrient savings and understanding the effects of alone or blended enzymes supplementation to achieve more specific insights.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dante Teixeira Valente Junior
- Muscle Biology and Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (D.T.V.J.); (J.L.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Jansller Luiz Genova
- Muscle Biology and Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (D.T.V.J.); (J.L.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Sung Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Alysson Saraiva
- Muscle Biology and Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (D.T.V.J.); (J.L.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Gabriel Cipriano Rocha
- Muscle Biology and Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (D.T.V.J.); (J.L.G.); (A.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lima AS, Carvalho PLDEO, Santos GDEB, Genova JL, Santos LBAD, Mittanck RS, Martins JS, Oliveira Júnior GMDE. Use of homeopathic products in pigs feed improves the percentage, quality and marbling of meat. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20190284. [PMID: 38055599 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320190284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies and innovations on alternative feed additives, especially on homeopathic remedies have been highlighted in order to replace or reduce the use of antibiotics in pig production. This paper aimed to assess the addition of homeopathic products in pig diet and their effects on the growth performance, serum metabolites, nutrient and energy digestibility, carcass traits and meat quality. A total of 60 immunocastrated male pigs, weighing on average 30.91 ± 0.95 kg, were distributed in two treatments, 10 replicates and three animals/experimental unit. There was no effect (P≥0.05) of treatment on the growth performance and serum metabolites. The percentage of acid-insoluble ash recovered in the diet was greater (P≤0.01) in diets containing homeopathic products. The apparent digestible energy of diets containing homeopathic products was reduced (P≤0.01) in the growing phase and reduced (P≤0.01) the apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, crude protein, soluble neutral and acid detergent fibers, and gross energy in the growing and finishing phases. Pig that received diets with homeopathic products had higher (P≤0.05) amount of meat, percentage of meat and marbling. The use of homeopathic products in diets improves the percentage and quality of meat, as well as the marbling of the pig carcass, maintaining the performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arlene S Lima
- Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Departamento de Zootecnia, Av. Marechal Rondon, s/n, Rosa Elze, 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Paulo Levi DE Oliveira Carvalho
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Departamento de Zootecnia, Rua Pernambuco, 1777, Centro, 85960-000 Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR, Brazil
| | - Gleicianny DE Brito Santos
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Departamento de Zootecnia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, s/n, Ondina, 40170-100 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Jansller Luiz Genova
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Departamento de Zootecnia, Rua Pernambuco, 1777, Centro, 85960-000 Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR, Brazil
| | - Liliana B A Dos Santos
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Departamento de Zootecnia, Rua Pernambuco, 1777, Centro, 85960-000 Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR, Brazil
| | - Ricardo S Mittanck
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Departamento de Zootecnia, Rua Pernambuco, 1777, Centro, 85960-000 Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR, Brazil
| | - Juliana S Martins
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Departamento de Zootecnia, Rua Pernambuco, 1777, Centro, 85960-000 Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Correia AM, Genova JL, Saraiva A, Rocha GC. Effects of crude protein and non-essential amino acids on growth performance, blood profile, and intestinal health of weaned piglets. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1243357. [PMID: 38098993 PMCID: PMC10720428 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1243357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of crude protein (CP) and non-essential amino acid (NEAA) supplementation on the growth performance, blood profile, intestinal morphology, mRNA relative abundance of inflammatory and antioxidant markers, and tight junction proteins in piglets over the first 2 weeks after weaning. Ninety 21-day-old piglets (7.55 ± 0.72 kg) were assigned in a randomized block design to one of three dietary treatments: (1) high CP, a diet with 24% CP; (2) low CP, a diet with 18% CP; and (3) low CP + NEAA, a diet with 18% CP supplemented with 5 g/kg Arg (L-arginine; purity >99%) and 10 g/kg Glu + Gln (minimum 10% L-glutamine and minimum 10% L-glutamate). Piglets were fed with corn-soybean meal basal diets in a 14-day trial. There was an improvement (p < 0.05) in the feed conversion ratio of piglets fed the high-CP diet compared to treatments with low CP or low CP + NEAA. Serum urea nitrogen was higher (p < 0.05) in piglets fed high CP compared to other dietary treatments. In the duodenum, the villus height of animals fed the low-CP + NEAA diets was greater (p < 0.05) than those fed with the high- and low-CP diets. The goblet cell proportion of piglets fed low CP + NEAA or high CP was higher (p < 0.05) compared to low CP. In the jejunum, the crypt depth of the piglets with the high-CP dietary treatment was greater (p < 0.05) in comparison with low CP + NEAA. In the jejunum, IFN-γ mRNA expression was higher (p < 0.05) in animals fed the high-CP diets compared to other dietary treatments. However, superoxide dismutase and occludin mRNA expression were higher (p < 0.05) in animals fed low CP + NEAA than in piglets on the high-CP diets. In the ileum, the number of Peyer's patches in piglets fed high CP was higher (p < 0.05) compared to other dietary treatments. In conclusion, the high-CP diet (24% CP) improves the feed conversion of piglets in the first 2 weeks after weaning compared to the low-CP diet (18% CP) supplemented or not with NEAA. However, the low-CP diet supplemented with NEAA (Arg, Gln, and Glu) improves intestinal health in piglets by promoting greater villus height and proportion of goblet cells in the duodenum, reducing jejunal crypt depth, and reducing Peyer's number patches in the ileum. In addition, piglets that received the low-CP + NEAA diet showed an increase in superoxide dismutase and occludin and a lower expression of IFN-γ mRNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gabriel Cipriano Rocha
- Muscle Biology and Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gonçalves Vero J, Devillers N, Bridi AM, Moak KAT, Aboagye G, Agostinis Ferreira G, Genova JL, Conte S, Faucitano L. Transport of Pigs of Two Market Weights at Two Space Allowances: Effects on Behaviour, Blood Parameters, and Meat Quality under Summer and Winter Conditions. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2767. [PMID: 37685030 PMCID: PMC10486778 DOI: 10.3390/ani13172767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out through two separate experiments aiming at evaluating the effects of two space allowances (0.54 and 0.62 m2/pig in summer and 0.44 m2/pig and 0.50 m2/pig in winter) on the behavioural and physiological response, and meat quality of pigs of two slaughter weights (120 kg and 140 kg). In summer, higher blood haematocrit levels were found at slaughter in heavier pigs transported at a smaller space allowance (p = 0.04). During lairage, pigs transported at a smaller space allowance started fighting later (p = 0.04). Fighting behaviour was greater in heavier pigs (p ≤ 0.05), whilst their drinking activity was lower (p < 0.05). This resulted in greater exsanguination blood CK levels (p < 0.01) and drier hams (p = 0.05) in heavier pigs. In winter, only lower space allowance influenced some meat quality traits (p < 0.05), but these effects were minor. The effects of space allowance during summer transports on within-truck ambient conditions, post-transport pigs' welfare, and meat quality are similar. Mixing heavier pigs may result in greater aggressiveness and more fatigue-related meat quality variation during summer. Overall, winter transport results may have been biased by the short journey and within-truck load distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Gonçalves Vero
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada; (J.G.V.); (N.D.); (S.C.)
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86051-990, Brazil; (A.M.B.); (G.A.F.)
| | - Nicolas Devillers
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada; (J.G.V.); (N.D.); (S.C.)
| | - Ana Maria Bridi
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86051-990, Brazil; (A.M.B.); (G.A.F.)
| | - Kyle A. T. Moak
- Department of Animal Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada;
| | - Gizella Aboagye
- European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Via Carlo Magno 1A, 43126 Parma, Italy;
| | | | - Jansller Luiz Genova
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil;
| | - Sabine Conte
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada; (J.G.V.); (N.D.); (S.C.)
| | - Luigi Faucitano
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada; (J.G.V.); (N.D.); (S.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Genova JL, Azevedo LBD, Rupolo PE, Cordeiro FBC, Vilela HLO, Careli PS, de Castro Fidelis Toledo D, Carvalho ST, Kipper M, Rennó LN, Faveri JC, de Oliveira Carvalho PL. β-mannanase supplemented in diets saved 85 to 100 kcal of metabolizable energy/kg, supporting growth performance and improving nutrient digestibility in grower pigs. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12546. [PMID: 37532751 PMCID: PMC10397220 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38776-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of β-mannanase supplementation in metabolizable energy (ME)-reduced diets containing xylanase-phytase were investigated on growth performance, fecal score, ultra-sounded backfat thickness and loin depth, blood profile, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), digesta passage rate, and fecal microbiome in grower pigs (n = 40, 26.09 ± 0.96 kg) randomly assigned within 4 treatments: a control diet containing isolated phytase and xylanase valued at 40 kcal of ME/kg (CD0), CD0 + β-mannanase (0.3 g/kg valued at 30 kcal of ME/kg) (CD70), CD0 + β-mannanase (0.3 g/kg valued at 45 kcal of ME/kg) (CD85), and CD0 + β-mannanase (0.3 g/kg valued at 60 kcal of ME/kg) (CD100). Growth performance was not affected in pigs fed ME-reduced diets containing β-mannanase. Pigs with CD100 had lower serum IL-1β concentration, and higher IL-10 was observed in pigs on CD0 than those fed β-mannanase. Coefficients of ATTD, and ATTD of DM and CP were higher in animals fed CD85 or CD100. Pigs with CD85 had higher alpha diversity richness but lower Firmicutes:Bacteroidota ratio. Acidaminococcaceae and Ruminococcaceae were more abundant in pigs fed CD0, but lower for Christensenellaceae NSJ-63 and NSJ-63 sp014384805. Pigs in CD85 showed higher Bacteroidaceae and Prevotella abundance, and lower for Streptococcaceae and Streptococcus. In conclusion, supplementation of β-mannanase in diets containing xylanase-phytase saved 85 to 100 kcal of ME/kg by supporting growth performance and improving nutrient digestibility in grower pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jansller Luiz Genova
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570900, Brazil.
| | - Liliana Bury de Azevedo
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, 85960000, Brazil
| | - Paulo Evaristo Rupolo
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, 85960000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Pedro Silva Careli
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570900, Brazil
| | | | - Silvana Teixeira Carvalho
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, 85960000, Brazil
| | - Marcos Kipper
- Elanco Animal Health Incorporated Company, São Paulo, 04794000, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Canto Faveri
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, 40110909, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wendt GN, Genova JL, de Azevedo LB, Rupolo PE, Gregory CR, Volpato JA, Carvalho ST, de Oliveira Carvalho PL, Pasquetti TJ. Homeopathic Products as a Complementary Dietary Additive for Pigs in their Growing and Finishing Phases. HOMEOPATHY 2023; 112:107-109. [PMID: 36055288 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1749147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homeopathic products (HP) have been proposed for the prevention of disease and as a complementary dietary additive in pig farming, with resulting improved performance and quality of life of the animals and with benefits for food safety. The aim of this study was to assess the addition of HP to pig feed and its effects on growth performance, dietary protein utilization, nutrient digestibility, meat quality, and economic feasibility. METHODS A total of 80 male pigs, body weight 32.8±2.3kg, were allocated in a randomized design, with two treatments of 10 replications and four animals per experimental unit. Treatments were composed of a control diet (CD) or CD+HP (Finalvitaplus+Figotonus, 1.1kg/ton feed of each product). The outcome measures used were growth performance (body weight gain) and feed efficiency (body weight gain per unit of feed consumed), efficiency of dietary protein utilization (blood urea nitrogen), nutrient digestibility (apparent digestibility coefficient and apparent nutrient digestibility), meat quality (including pH, temperature, color, liquid loss by cooking and thawing, intramuscular fat and meat tenderness), and economic feasibility (cost of the diets). RESULTS There was no effect (p >0.05) of treatments on growth performance of the pigs, though the group that received HP showed an 8.93% greater feed efficiency than the control group (p=0.077). The animals in the control group had a 14.37% higher blood urea nitrogen concentration in the finishing I phase (70-100kg body weight) compared with those fed HP (p=0.028), indicating lower protein utilization in the controls. There was comparative improvement in digestibility coefficient and in nutrient digestibility in pigs fed HP in the growing-finishing phase (p <0.05). There was no differential effect of treatments on meat quality or economic feasibility (p >0.05). CONCLUSION The addition of HP to the diet of growing-finishing pigs produced some improvement in their dietary protein utilization, nutrient digestibility and feed efficiency, though it did not affect their growth performance, meat quality or economic feasibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geraldyne Nunes Wendt
- Animal Science Department, State University of Western Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, Brazil
| | | | - Liliana Bury de Azevedo
- Animal Science Department, State University of Western Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, Brazil
| | - Paulo Evaristo Rupolo
- Animal Science Department, State University of Western Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, Brazil
| | - Cristine Regina Gregory
- Animal Science Department, State University of Western Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Genova JL, Rupolo PE, de Azevedo LB, Henz D, Carvalho ST, Kipper M, Gonçalves GDAC, Vilela HLO, Pasquetti TJ, de Oliveira NTE, Dietrich ARM, Carvalho PLDO. β-mannanase supplementation in diets reduced in 85 kcal metabolizable energy/kg containing xylanase-phytase improves gain to feed ratio, nutrient usage, and backfat thickness in finisher pigs. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1144692. [PMID: 37008356 PMCID: PMC10061018 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1144692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effects of β-mannanase supplementation in metabolizable energy (ME)-reduced diets containing xylanase-phytase on performance, fecal score, blood biochemical and immunological profile, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), digesta passage rate, fecal microbiome, carcass traits and meat quality in finisher pigs (n = 40 entire male hybrid, 26.0 ± 0.9 kg) randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments: a control diet containing isolated phytase and xylanase valued at 40 kcal of ME/kg (CD0), CD0 + β-mannanase (0.3 g/kg valued at 30 kcal of ME/kg) (CD70), CD0 + β-mannanase (0.3 g/kg valued at 45 kcal of ME/kg) (CD85), and CD0 + β-mannanase (0.3 g/kg valued at 60 kcal of ME/kg) (CD100), with 10 pen replicates. Pigs fed CD0 diet showed (P = 0.002) greater ADFI. However, pigs fed CD0 diet showed (P = 0.009) lower G:F than those provided CD70 or CD85 diets. A greater (P < 0.001) superoxide dismutase concentration was observed in pigs fed CD70 diet. Pigs fed CD85 diet showed (P = 0.002) greater digestible protein than pigs fed CD0 or CD100 diets. Pigs fed CD70 diet showed an increase of 11.3% in digestible protein than those fed CD0 diet. In addition, greater (P < 0.001) digestible energy was observed in pigs fed CD85 diet. Pigs fed CD0 or CD100 diets showed greater (P < 0.05) Firmicutes:Bacteroidota ratio than those fed CD85 diet. The Muribaculaceae was more abundant (P = 0.030) in pigs fed CD70 diet than in those fed CD0 diet. The Prevotella was more abundant (P = 0.045) in pigs fed CD85 diet than in those fed CD100 diet. In conclusion, β-mannanase supplementation in diets containing xylanase-phytase allows reducing 85 kcal of ME/kg because it improves gain to feed ratio, energy and protein usage, and backfat thickness without metabolic and intestinal ecosystem disorders in finisher pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jansller Luiz Genova
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Jansller Luiz Genova
| | - Paulo Evaristo Rupolo
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR, Brazil
| | - Liliana Bury de Azevedo
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR, Brazil
| | - Daniela Henz
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR, Brazil
| | - Silvana Teixeira Carvalho
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcos Kipper
- Elanco Animal Health Incorporated Company, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Tiago Junior Pasquetti
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana, MS, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Volpato JA, Ribeiro LB, Torezan GB, da Silva IC, Martins IDO, Francisco JCP, Genova JL, de Oliveira NTE, Carvalho ST, Carvalho PLDO, Vasconcellos RS. Determinant production factors to the in vitro organic matter digestibility and protein oxidation of poultry by-product meal. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102481. [PMID: 36680858 PMCID: PMC9871330 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The quality of poultry by-product meal (PBM) is not standardized in the industry. Several factors are detrimental to PBM and compromise its nutritional value and shelf life. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the main PBM production factors that directly affect its in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVDOM) and protein oxidation (POX). Data on the processing of PBM samples (n = 100) were recorded in a rendering plant. Two types of PBM were used: 1) Low ash (LA, n = 66) with mineral matter (MM) content of 11% and 2) High ash (HA, n = 34) with MM above 11%. Processing traits and chemical composition of PBM were considered independent variables. The IVDOM and POX were determined in each sample and considered dependent variables. Data on independent variables were submitted to factorial and principal components (PC) analyses. In vitro organic matter digestibility data were clustered (P = 0.001) in low (778.92 g/kg), average (822.85 g/kg), and high (890.06 g/kg). The best arrangement was composed of six independent variables distributed in two PC, which explained 82.10% of the total variation. The ash concentration, oil to raw material ratio, collagen, and crude protein comprised PC1 with greater relevance and explained 58.46% of the total variance. The PC2 was composed of the processing time and temperature and explained 23.64% of the total variance. Protein oxidation data were clustered (P < 0.001) in low (265.19 nmol/mg CP), average (393.07 nmol/mg CP), and high (524.40 nmol/mg CP). Based on our results, the composition of the raw material from the slaughterhouse holds most of the information on PBM composition and digestibility. Developing improvements in the slaughtering or in the screening of the raw material that will be used by the rendering process is important to obtain a more nutritionally standardized ingredient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josiane Aparecida Volpato
- Animal Science Department, State University of Western Paraná (Unioeste), Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR 85960-000, Brazil
| | - Leonir Bueno Ribeiro
- Animal Science Department, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Baú Torezan
- Animal Science Department, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Jansller Luiz Genova
- Animal Science Department, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Minas Gerais, MG 36570-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Silvana Teixeira Carvalho
- Animal Science Department, State University of Western Paraná (Unioeste), Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR 85960-000, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Grando MA, Costa V, Genova JL, Rupolo PE, de Azevedo LB, Costa LB, Carvalho ST, Ribeiro TP, Monteiro DP, de Oliveira Carvalho PL. Blend of essential oils can reduce diarrheal disorders and improve liver antioxidant status in weaning piglets. Anim Biosci 2023; 36:119-131. [PMID: 35760400 PMCID: PMC9834649 DOI: 10.5713/ab.22.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was to assess the effects of different doses of an essential oil blend (EOB) on growth performance, diarrhea occurrence (DO), hematological and blood biochemical profile, intestinal morphometry, morphology and microbiology, relative weight and length of organs, digestive content pH, and liver antioxidant status in weaning piglets. METHODS A total of 135 barrows (7.09±0.29 kg body weight) were allotted randomly in a randomized complete block design based on body weight with nine replications and three animals per pen. Dietary treatments were a negative control (NC): basal diet; positive control (PC): NC plus 125 mg performance-enhancing antibiotic (enramycin 8%)/kg diet; NC plus 100 mg EOB/kg diet (EO100); NC plus 200 mg EOB/kg diet (EO200); and NC plus 400 mg EOB/kg diet (EO400). Diarrhea occurrence was monitored daily, and performance at the end of each phase. RESULTS Gain to feed ratio was greater (p<0.05) in starter II pigs fed EO400 and EO200 than in those fed EO100. Pigs fed EO400 had lower (p<0.05) DO than those fed NC and EO100 in the total period. Pre-starter II pigs fed NC had (p<0.05) lower serum total protein and plasma protein than pigs fed PC. Pigs fed EO100 showed smaller (p<0.05) mean corpuscular volume (MCV) than pigs fed EO400. Starter II pigs fed EO400 had (p<0.05) greater MCV and lower mean corpuscular hemoglobin and erythrocytes than those fed EO100. There was a greater concentration (p<0.05) of band cells for PC, similar to EO400 and EO200. Performance-enhancing antibiotic and EOB to diets increased (p<0.05) liver superoxide dismutase activity. CONCLUSION Adding 200 and 400 mg EOB/kg diet decreased DO and was advantageous to hematological and blood biochemical profile and liver antioxidant status without being detrimental to growth performance and gastrointestinal health in nursery pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maiara Ananda Grando
- Animal Science, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, 85960-000,
Brazil,Corresponding Authors: Maiara Ananda Grando, Tel: +55-45-99924-9941,, E-mail: . Jansller Luiz Genova, Tel: +55-67-98220-8861,, E-mail:
| | - Vanessa Costa
- Animal Science, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, 85960-000,
Brazil
| | - Jansller Luiz Genova
- Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900,
Brazil,Corresponding Authors: Maiara Ananda Grando, Tel: +55-45-99924-9941,, E-mail: . Jansller Luiz Genova, Tel: +55-67-98220-8861,, E-mail:
| | - Paulo Evaristo Rupolo
- Animal Science, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, 85960-000,
Brazil
| | - Liliana Bury de Azevedo
- Animal Science, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, 85960-000,
Brazil
| | - Leandro Batista Costa
- Animal Science, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Curitiba, 80215-901,
Brazil
| | - Silvana Teixeira Carvalho
- Animal Science, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, 85960-000,
Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Souza FNC, Genova JL, Gregory CR, de Oliveira NTE, Castilha LD, Eyng C, Nunes RV, Carvalho ST, Ribeiro CVDM, Carvalho PLDO. Low- and high-protein diets supplemented up to the fourth limiting amino acid for genetic lines of grower-finisher pigs. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.105144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
12
|
Barbosa KA, Genova JL, Pazdziora ML, de Azevedo LB, Wendt GN, Rupolo PE, Rodrigues GDA, Carvalho ST, Costa e Silva LF, Costa LB, Saraiva A, Carvalho PLDO. Effects of combined feed additives in diets to support growth performance and intestinal health profile in nursery piglets. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.105121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
13
|
Volpato JA, Ribeiro LB, Torezan GB, da Silva IC, Martins IDO, Genova JL, de Oliveira NTE, Carvalho ST, Carvalho PLDO, Vasconcellos RS. Characterization of the variations in the industrial processing and nutritional variables of poultry by-product meal. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101926. [PMID: 35679677 PMCID: PMC9189228 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to measure variations in industrial process and nutritional variables of poultry by-product meal (PBM) in rendering plants from batch cookers. A total of 200 samples of low ash PBM with mineral matter (MM) content of 11% (LA, n = 104) or high ash with MM above 11% (HA, n = 96) were collected from 5 industrial processing plants. The highest coefficients of variation in chemical composition were for MM (LA - 19.70%; HA - 19.59%), ether extract (LA - 20.72%; HA - 14.86%), collagen (LA - 21.16%; HA - 30.00%) and water activity (LA - 24.54%; HA - 25.89%). However, the crude protein (LA - 5.07%; HA - 7.39%), dry matter (LA - 1.75%; HA - 2.90%) and organic matter digestibility (LA - 4.81%; HA - 6.78%) were lower. The variability of the data related to the process of PBM was: maximum process temperature (LA - 3.91%; HA - 3.56%), average process temperature (LA - 3.73%; HA - 4.71%), and processing time (LA - 27.37%; HA - 37.59%). This study evidenced that the corrective measures by limiting the amount of bones in the raw material, optimizing the pressing step for the poultry fat extraction, and also controlling the processing time of PBM may favor the production of more standardized PBM in terms of chemical composition and quality.
Collapse
|
14
|
Trautenmüller H, Genova JL, Santos LBDAD, Leal IF, Santos GDB, Rupolo PE, Nunes RV, Oliveira ERD, Carvalho PLDO. Partial cholecalciferol replacement with 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol glycoside in diets for piglets. Anim Prod Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1071/an21150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
15
|
Martins JS, Genova JL, Leal IF, Barbosa KA, Santos LBDA, Rupolo PE, Reis LE, Oliveira NTED, Carvalho PLDO, Bruno LDG. Potential impacts of guava seed meal on piglet feeding as a dietary fibre alternative. Journal of Applied Animal Research 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2021.1961780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jansller Luiz Genova
- Animal Science Department, State University of Western Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Paulo Evaristo Rupolo
- Animal Science Department, State University of Western Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eduardo Reis
- Animal Science Department, State University of Western Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Maito CD, Melo ADB, Oliveira ACDFD, Genova JL, Filho JRE, Macedo REFD, Monteiro KM, Weber SH, Koppenol A, Costa LB. Simultaneous feeding of calcium butyrate and tannin extract decreased the incidence of diarrhea and proinflammatory markers in weaned piglets. Anim Biosci 2021; 35:87-95. [PMID: 34237915 PMCID: PMC8738937 DOI: 10.5713/ab.21.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to investigate the effect of associating calcium butyrate with tannin extract, compared to an antimicrobial on the growth performance, incidence of diarrhea, intestinal histology, immune-expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in piglets. METHODS Seventy-two piglets (36 barrows and 36 gilts) weaned at 28±2 d and initial body weight of 7.17±1.07 kg were allocated to 3 treatments in a randomized complete block design with 8 replicates per treatment and 3 animals per experimental unit. Treatments were composed of NC, negative control: basal diet without additives; PC, positive control: basal diet + 40 mg/kg of colistin sulfate; or BT, basal diet + calcium butyrate + tannin extract. The butyrate and tannin inclusion levels were 0.15% in the pre-starter phase and 0.075% in the starter phase. Incidence of diarrhea was monitored daily, and on d 14 and 35 of experiment, 1 animal from each experimental unit was slaughtered to collect intestinal samples. RESULTS No significant differences were observed for growth performance. The butyrate-and tannin-based additive resulted in reduced (p<0.05) incidence of diarrhea in piglets during d 1 to 14 and d 1 to 35 in comparison with the other treatments. Piglets that consumed the diet containing the calcium-butyrate and tannin showed a lower (p<0.05) crypt depth in the duodenum than those receiving the NC treatment at 14 d of experimentation. The BT treatment provided a lower (p<0.05) immune-expression of COX-2 at 14 d and TNF-α at 35 d in the duodenum. CONCLUSION Association between calcium butyrate and tannin extract resulted in a significant decrease in the incidence of diarrhea and inflammatory process in the duodenum of piglets. Therefore, calcium-butyrate combined with tannin could be a part of an alternative program to reduce the use of antimicrobials in the diet of weaned piglets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila Demarco Maito
- Graduate Program of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná 80215- 901, Brazil
| | - Antonio Diego Brandão Melo
- Graduate Program of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná 80215- 901, Brazil
| | | | - Jansller Luiz Genova
- Graduate Program of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná 80215- 901, Brazil
| | - Jair Rodini Engracia Filho
- Graduate Program of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná 80215- 901, Brazil
| | - Renata Ernlund Freitas de Macedo
- Graduate Program of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná 80215- 901, Brazil
| | - Kelly Mazutti Monteiro
- Graduate Program of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná 80215- 901, Brazil
| | - Saulo Henrique Weber
- Graduate Program of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná 80215- 901, Brazil
| | | | - Leandro Batista Costa
- Graduate Program of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná 80215- 901, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bury de Azevedo dos Santos L, Genova JL, de Oliveira Carvalho PL, Evaristo Rupolo P, Teixeira Carvalho S. Calcitic seaweed (Lithothamnion calcareum) as an organic source of calcium in piglet feeding. Anim Prod Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/an20008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context
Lithothamnion calcareum is a calcitic seaweed (CS), rich in calcium (Ca) and other minerals, with potential for use in piglet feeding.
Aim
The aims were to compare L. Calcareum (CS) with calcitic limestone (CL) as a source of Ca for use in piglet feeding for effects on total tract digestibility and daily balance of Ca, growth performance and serum variables, and to assess solubility of Ca sources through in vitro testing.
Methods
In Expt 1, an availability assay was performed on 24 crossbred male piglets with initial average body weight (BW) of 15.17 ± 0.70 kg in a randomised complete block design with six replicates of four treatments and one piglet per experimental unit. The starter dietary treatments were: basal diet with minimal amount of Ca (0.068%); diet with low Ca (0.018%); and two diets containing either CL or CS to provide 0.82% total Ca. In Expt 2 (growth performance), 96 crossbred male piglets, with initial average BW of 6.01 ± 0.70 kg were assigned in a randomised complete block design with eight replicates of three treatments (CL, CL + CS, or CS) and four piglets per experimental unit, assessed over pre-starter phases I and II and the starter phase.
Key results
In Expt 1, Ca source did not influence (P > 0.05) apparent and true digestibility or daily balance and concentration of Ca in the piglets. In Expt 2, no significant differences (P > 0.05) existed for growth performance during the pre-starter I and II phases, although a trend (P ≤ 0.1) was evident for final BW, daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) during the pre-starter II phase. Piglets fed CL showed a reduction in FCR during the starter phase (P = 0.02) and for the total period (P = 0.007). Final BW and daily weight gain did not differ between CL and CS diets during the starter phase or for the total period. No effect (P > 0.05) was observed of Ca source on Ca and phosphorus concentrations in serum. CS had a solubility 1.9 times higher than CL.
Conclusion
Piglet performance parameters were generally similar for diets including CS and CL as a source of Ca.
Implications
Based on the evaluation criteria used in these experiments, L. calcareum has potential to replace calcitic limestone as an alternative source of Ca.
Collapse
|
18
|
Oliveira NTED, Carvalho PLDO, Genova JL, Silveira FHR, Ogawa L, Cristofori EC, Caxias Junior OAD, Santana ALA. Effect of endoparasites occurrence in sows from intensive production system. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 2019; 28:722-727. [PMID: 31800887 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612019091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to assess the effect of farm size (FS) and farrowing order (FO) on the occurrence of endoparasites eggs in commercial sows housed in maternity and gestation areas during the period from May to July 2014. Forty-three piglet production units were classified by FS: small (100 to 250 sows), medium (251 to 510 sows), large (511 to 1,000 sows) and very large (more than 1,000 sows). Sows were classified by FO: up to two, three to five or more than five parturitions. Faecal samples were processed using the simple flotation technique in a hypersaturated salt solution (30-35% NaCl). The results revealed that the overall prevalence of gastrointestinal endoparasites obtained in this study was 12.47%, in that 4.64% were positive for Ascaris suum, 0.56% for Trichuris suis and 8.27% for coccidia oocysts. The prevalence of endoparasites obtained for small and medium size farm, and for large and very large farm was 34.58% and 15.52%, respectively. In conclusion, the study shows that more than half of the farms were positive for A. suum and coccidia oocysts, but mainly for younger females. In general, sows with up to two parturitions and small farms showed a higher endoparasites percentage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jansller Luiz Genova
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná - UNIOESTE, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR, Brasil
| | | | - Liza Ogawa
- Setor de Medicina Veterinária e Produção Animal, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná - UENP, Bandeirantes, PR, Brasil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Genova JL, Carvalho PLDO, Oliveira NTED, Oliveira ADC, Gois FD, Castro DEDSE, Souza FNC, Trautenmüller H, Santos LBDAD, Leal IF. Partial replacement of soybean meal with different protein sources in piglet feed during the nursery phase. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2018; 32:1725-1733. [PMID: 30381739 PMCID: PMC6817782 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.17.0753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Objective Evaluate the partial replacement of soybean meal with different protein sources in piglet feed during the nursery phase in terms of digestibility of feed, nitrogen balance, growth performance and blood parameters. Methods Experiment I involved 24 crossbred entire male pigs with an initial body weight (BW) of 18.28±0.7 kg and used a randomized complete block design consisting of 3 treatments (fish meal, FM; soybean protein concentrate, SPC; and soybean meal, SBM) and 8 replicates, with 1 pig per experimental unit. Experiment II involved 1,843 crossbred male and female pigs with an initial BW of 6.79±0.90 kg and was based on a completely randomized design with a 2×3 factorial arrangement (2 sexes and 3 protein sources) and 13 replicates. Results The results of Exp. I indicate effects (p<0.05) of dietary protein sources on digestible protein (FM, 17.84%; SPC, 16.72%, and SBM, 18.13%) and on total nitrogen excretion (TNE, g/kg BW0.75/d) in which pigs fed with SBM-based feed had TNE values that were 5.36% and 3.72% greater than SPC and FM, respectively. In the Exp. II, there was difference (p<0.01) between sexes in the pre-starter I and starter phases, and total period in average daily feed intake (ADFI), which were greater in females, and between the protein sources, ADFI, final weight and daily weight gain. For urea in the pre-starter II and starter phases and glucose in the pre-starter II phase, there was a difference (p<0.05) between protein sources and between sexes, in starter phase in urea concentrations (females: 57.11 mg/dL and males: 50.60 mg/dL). Conclusion The use of SBM as only protein source influences larger TNE (g/kg BW0.75/d), reduces the growth performance of piglets and increases plasma urea concentrations in pre-starter II phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jansller Luiz Genova
- Animal Science Department, State University of Western Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR 85960-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Aparecida da Costa Oliveira
- Animal Science Department, State University of Western Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR 85960-000, Brazil
| | - Franz Dias Gois
- Animal Science Department, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Davi Elias de Sá E Castro
- Animal Science Department, State University of Western Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR 85960-000, Brazil
| | | | - Heloíse Trautenmüller
- Animal Science Department, State University of Western Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR 85960-000, Brazil
| | | | - Isabela Ferreira Leal
- Animal Science Department, State University of Western Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR 85960-000, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Santana ALA, de Oliveira Carvalho PL, Cristofori EC, da Silva Chambo PC, Barbizan M, Nunes RV, Gregory CR, Genova JL. Supplementation of pig diets in the growth and termination phases with different calcium sources. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 50:477-484. [PMID: 29116604 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1456-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation of pig diets in the growth and termination phases with different calcium sources. In experiment I, 36 whole males were distributed in randomized blocks in six groups, with six replications. A basal diet was formulated to meet the animals' nutritional requirements except for calcium (0.09%), and the sources evaluated (calcitic limestone, monodicalcium phosphate, calcinated bone flour, and oyster flour) replaced the basal diet to provide 0.59% of total calcium. To determine the endogenous calcium, a diet containing low calcium (0.019%) was given simultaneously to another group of animals. Feces and urine were collected for determination the coefficients of apparent and true digestibility. In experiment II, 160 piglets were distributed in randomized blocks in four treatments, with five replications and four animals per experimental unit. Carcass and performance parameters, calcium concentration in bone and serum, and bone parameters were evaluated. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and factorial. The calcium source did not influence the digestibility coefficients determined by total collection (P > 0.05). The digestibility of Ca from oyster flour estimated by collection with an indicator was higher than that from the other sources (P < 0.05). Calcium sources did not interfere in the evaluated parameters (P > 0.05). The sources studied in this work can be used to supplement growing pigs' diets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eliseu Carlos Cristofori
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Campus of Marechal Cândido Rondon, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR, 85960-000, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Barbizan
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Campus of Marechal Cândido Rondon, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR, 85960-000, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Vianna Nunes
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Campus of Marechal Cândido Rondon, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR, 85960-000, Brazil
| | - Cristine Regina Gregory
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Campus of Marechal Cândido Rondon, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR, 85960-000, Brazil
| | - Jansller Luiz Genova
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Campus of Marechal Cândido Rondon, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR, 85960-000, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Genova JL, Jong S, Camp JT, Fehon RG. Functional analysis of Cdc42 in actin filament assembly, epithelial morphogenesis, and cell signaling during Drosophila development. Dev Biol 2000; 221:181-94. [PMID: 10772800 DOI: 10.1006/dbio.2000.9671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cdc42, a member of the Rho family of GTP binding proteins, functions in the formation of polarized actin structures, in elongation of cell shape, and in cell signaling. Although genetic mutations previously have not been available in multicellular organisms, studies have attempted to discern Cdc42 functions in organisms, including Drosophila, using dominant active or interfering alleles. Here, for the first time, we examine the functions of Cdc42 in developing tissues using loss-of-function mutations in the Drosophila Cdc42 gene. We find that Cdc42(-) epithelial cells fail to elongate into a columnar cell shape and cannot maintain a monolayered epithelial structure. In contrast to previous studies, we find no requirement for Cdc42 in cell division or in activation of the Jun N-terminal kinase pathway. In addition, Cdc42 function is not required for cytoplasmic actin filament assembly in the nurse cells during oogenesis, although it may facilitate this process. Furthermore, our results indicate that Cdc42 plays a role in intercellular interactions between the germ line and the somatic follicle cells. These results confirm the role of Cdc42 in actin filament assembly and provide new insights into its functions in epithelial morphogenesis and regulating intercellular signaling events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L Genova
- Developmental, Cell, and Molecular Biology Group, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-1000, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
The differences in rates of frameshift mutations between a dinucleotide repeat sequence [(CA)(17)] and a tetranucleotide repeat sequence [(GAAA)(17)] have been determined in immortalized, non-tumorigenic, mismatch repair-proficient mouse cells and in mismatch repair-defective human colorectal cancer cells. Clones with mutations were selected on the basis of restoration of activity of a bacterial neomycin resistance gene whose reading frame was disrupted by insertion of the microsatellite upstream of the translation initiation codon. This gene was introduced into the cells on a plasmid, which integrated into the genome of the host cells. Mutation rates of the tetra-nucleotide repeat were much lower than those of the dinucleotide repeat in both cell types. In addition, independent subclones of the colorectal cancer cell line were assayed by PCR for instability of endo-gen-ous tetranucleotide and dinucleotide repeat sequen-ces. In all cases, the mutation frequencies of the dinucleotide repeats were higher than those of the tetranucleotide repeats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J S Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|