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Genova JL, Carvalho PLDO, Oliveira NTED, Oliveira ADC, Gois FD, Castro DEDSE, Souza FNC, Trautenmüller H, Santos LBDAD, Leal IF. Partial replacement of soybean meal with different protein sources in piglet feed during the nursery phase. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2018; 32:1725-1733. [PMID: 30381739 PMCID: PMC6817782 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.17.0753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Objective Evaluate the partial replacement of soybean meal with different protein sources in piglet feed during the nursery phase in terms of digestibility of feed, nitrogen balance, growth performance and blood parameters. Methods Experiment I involved 24 crossbred entire male pigs with an initial body weight (BW) of 18.28±0.7 kg and used a randomized complete block design consisting of 3 treatments (fish meal, FM; soybean protein concentrate, SPC; and soybean meal, SBM) and 8 replicates, with 1 pig per experimental unit. Experiment II involved 1,843 crossbred male and female pigs with an initial BW of 6.79±0.90 kg and was based on a completely randomized design with a 2×3 factorial arrangement (2 sexes and 3 protein sources) and 13 replicates. Results The results of Exp. I indicate effects (p<0.05) of dietary protein sources on digestible protein (FM, 17.84%; SPC, 16.72%, and SBM, 18.13%) and on total nitrogen excretion (TNE, g/kg BW0.75/d) in which pigs fed with SBM-based feed had TNE values that were 5.36% and 3.72% greater than SPC and FM, respectively. In the Exp. II, there was difference (p<0.01) between sexes in the pre-starter I and starter phases, and total period in average daily feed intake (ADFI), which were greater in females, and between the protein sources, ADFI, final weight and daily weight gain. For urea in the pre-starter II and starter phases and glucose in the pre-starter II phase, there was a difference (p<0.05) between protein sources and between sexes, in starter phase in urea concentrations (females: 57.11 mg/dL and males: 50.60 mg/dL). Conclusion The use of SBM as only protein source influences larger TNE (g/kg BW0.75/d), reduces the growth performance of piglets and increases plasma urea concentrations in pre-starter II phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jansller Luiz Genova
- Animal Science Department, State University of Western Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR 85960-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Aparecida da Costa Oliveira
- Animal Science Department, State University of Western Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR 85960-000, Brazil
| | - Franz Dias Gois
- Animal Science Department, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Davi Elias de Sá E Castro
- Animal Science Department, State University of Western Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR 85960-000, Brazil
| | | | - Heloíse Trautenmüller
- Animal Science Department, State University of Western Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR 85960-000, Brazil
| | | | - Isabela Ferreira Leal
- Animal Science Department, State University of Western Paraná, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR 85960-000, Brazil
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Kim ET, Lee SS, Lee JH, Jeong JS, Lee SJ, Jeong J, Park JK, Park BY, Kim SB, Jeong HY, Ki KS, Choi CW, Kim CH, Kim JW, Lee SS. Effect of sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate supplementation on lactation performance, blood-biochemical profile, and economic efficacy of mid-lactation Holstein cows. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2018; 31:1458-1463. [PMID: 30056652 PMCID: PMC6127564 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study was done to evaluate the effect of sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate (SSL) supplementation in a total mixed ration (TMR) on the lactation performance, blood parameters, and economic efficacy of mid-lactation Holstein cows. Methods Twenty-four cows (body weight 647±11.7 kg) were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups, with six cows per group. The dietary treatments were as follows: basal diet (CON); CON+17.5 g of top dressed SSL (treatment [TRT] 0.05); CON+35 g of SSL (TRT 0.1); and CON+70 g of SSL (TRT 0.2) per 35 kg TMR. Results The highest level of SSL supplementation (TRT 0.2) significantly improved milk yield during the second period compared to the TRT 0.05 group (5 to 8 wks; 33.28 vs 31.09 kg/d), during the third period compared to both the CON and TRT 0.05 groups (p<0.05) (9 to 13 wks; 32.59 vs 30.64 and 30.01 kg/d) and during the overall experimental period compared to both the CON and TRT 0.05 groups (p<0.05) (1 to 13 wks; 33.43 vs 32.06 and 31.40 kg/d), respectively. No negative effects on hematological or biochemical parameters were observed due to SSL supplementation. Considering both the milk fat and protein content, the total milk price was set at 1,073.60 (TRT 0.05), 1,085.60 (TRT 0.1), 1,086.10 (TRT 0.2), and 1,064.20 (CON) won/L, with consequent total milk profits of −1.7%, 5.4%, and 3.5% for the TRT 0.05, TRT 0.1, and TRT 0.2 diet, respectively, compared to those in the CON diet. Conclusion The milk sales revenue related to SSL supplementation of the TRT 0.1 diet was increased by up to 5.4% compared to the milk sales revenue of the CON diet. Therefore, 0.1% SSL supplementation might be effective and profitable during the mid-lactation period of cows, without producing adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Tae Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Sang Suk Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, IALS, Jinju 52825, Korea
| | - Jin Suk Jeong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, IALS, Jinju 52825, Korea
| | - Shin Ja Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, IALS, Jinju 52825, Korea
| | - Joon Jeong
- Livestock Research Institute, National Agricultural Cooperative Federation, Anseong 17558, Korea
| | - Jong Kook Park
- Livestock Research Institute, National Agricultural Cooperative Federation, Anseong 17558, Korea
| | - Beom Young Park
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Sang Bum Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Ha Yeon Jeong
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Kwang Seok Ki
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Chang Weon Choi
- Department of Animal Resources, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Kim
- Department of Animal Life and Environment Science, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Korea
| | - Jin Wook Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, IALS, Jinju 52825, Korea
| | - Sung Sill Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, IALS, Jinju 52825, Korea
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Benatallah A, Ghozlane F, Marie M. The effect of water restriction on physiological and blood parameters in lactating dairy cows reared under Mediterranean climate. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2018; 32:152-158. [PMID: 29879822 PMCID: PMC6325403 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of water restriction (WR) on physiological and blood parameters in lactating dairy cows reared under Mediterranean climate. METHODS The trial lasted 16 days preceded by two weeks of adaptation to the experimental condition in spring 2014 on 6 dairy cows in mid-lactation. These cows were allowed water ad libitum for 4 days (W100) (hydration period), then split into 2 groups, one group has received 25% and the other 50% of water compared to their mean water consumption during the hydration period; then rehydrated for 4 days. Feed intake and physiological parameters: respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), and rectal temperature (RT) were recorded twice a day. Blood was collected once a day and analyzed for serum concentration of glucose (Glc), triglycerides (TG), cholesterol (Chol), urea (Ur), creatinine (Crea), and total protein (TP) by enzymatic colorimetric method and cortisol (Cort) by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS Total dry matter intake (TDMI) was affected by WR. A decrease in TDMI was observed in WR groups compared to W100 group (effect, group, period, day, group×day, period× day: p<0.001). Also, WR resulted in a significant increase in RR, HR, RT in WR groups than in W100 group (effect, group: p<0.001). In addition, an increase in the serum concentration of Glc, TG, Chol, Ur, Crea, TP, and Cort was noted in WR groups (effect, group, period, day: p<0.001). CONCLUSION This study has shown the ability of cows raised in a Mediterranean climate to cope with different levels of WR and thus reach a new equilibrium. As result, elucidates the important role of water as a limiting factor for livestock in environments with low water availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Benatallah
- Higher National Veterinary School of Algiers (ENSV), 16000 Issad Abbes, Oued Smar Algiers, Algeria
| | - Faissal Ghozlane
- Department of Animal Science, Higher National Institute of Agronomy (ENSA), 16200 Belfort -El Harrach Algiers, Algeria
| | - Michel Marie
- National Institute of Agronomic Research-ASTER-Mirecourt (INRA), 662 AV Louis Buffet, 88500 Mirecourt, France
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Nejad JG, Kim BW, Lee BH, Kim JY, Sung KI. Effects of water addition to total mixed ration on water intake, nutrient digestibility, wool cortisol and blood indices in Corriedale ewes. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2017; 30:1435-1441. [PMID: 28231703 PMCID: PMC5582328 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.16.0705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the effect of adding water to total mixed ration (TMR) on fresh water intake, nutrient digestibility, wool cortisol, and blood indices in Corriedale ewes under hot and humid conditions. METHODS Nine non-pregnant Corriedale ewes (ave. body weight = 41±3.5 kg) were individually fed diets based on maintenance requirements in metabolic crates. Ewes were assigned to three treatment groups according to a triplicate 3×3 Latin Square design for 3 periods of 21 days duration each (9 ewes per treatment, 27 replications). Treatments were TMR (crude protein [CP] = 16.1, total digestible nutrients = 69.1%) moisture levels for 40%, 50%, and 60%. RESULTS No differences were found in body weight gain among all treatment groups (p>0.05). Nitrogen balance including digestible N, retained N, and urinary and fecal N showed no change among the treatment groups (p>0.05). Fresh water intake was the lower in 50% TMR moisture group than in the other groups (p<0.05). Other than ether extract which was higher in 60% TMR moisture group (p<0.05) the differences among nutrient digestibilities including CP, organic matter, dry matter, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and non-fiber carbohydrate were not significant (p>0.05). No significant difference was observed for serum protein, blood urea nitrogen, glucose, and triglyceride among the treatment groups (p>0.05). Wool and blood cortisol were not different among the treatment groups (p>0.05). Blood hematology including red blood cell, white blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, basophils, and eosinophils were not different among the treatment groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSION It is concluded that TMR moisture at 40%, 50%, and 60% had no effects on N balance parameters, and nutrient digestibilities except for the ether extract under hot and humid conditions. Additionally there were no effects on stress conditions include wool cortisol, as well as blood cortisol levels of ewes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalil Ghassemi Nejad
- Department of Animal Resource Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Byong-Wan Kim
- Department of Animal Resource Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Bae-Hun Lee
- Department of Animal Resource Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Ji-Yung Kim
- Department of Animal Resource Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Kyung-Il Sung
- Department of Animal Resource Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
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Kang P, Zhang L, Hou Y, Ding B, Yi D, Wang L, Zhu H, Liu Y, Yin Y, Wu G. Effects of L-proline on the Growth Performance, and Blood Parameters in Weaned Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged Pigs. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 27:1150-6. [PMID: 25083109 PMCID: PMC4109871 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This trail was conducted to study the effect of L-proline on the growth performance, and blood parameter in the weaned lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged pigs. Thirty six pigs (9.13±0.85 kg) were assigned randomly to dietary treatments in a 2×3 factorial arrangement in a 20-d growth assay. Factors were intraperitoneal injection with saline or LPS, and three dietary L-proline supplement levels (0%, 0.5%, or 1.0%). On d 10, blood samples were collected at 3 h after LPS (100 μg LPS/kg body weight [BW]) or saline injection. On d 20 of the trial, all pigs were orally administrated D-xylose (0.1 g/kg BW) at 2 h, and blood samples were collected at 3 h after LPS or saline injection. As a result, dietary supplementation with 0.5% proline had a tendency to increase average daily gain (ADG) in piglets during d 10 to 20 (p = 0.088). Without LPS challenge, dietary supplementation with 1.0% proline had no effect on growth hormone (GH) concentrations on d 10 (p>0.05), but decreased it after LPS challenge (p<0.05). There was LPS challenge×proline interaction for GH concentrations on d 10 (p<0.05). Dietary supplementation with 1.0% proline decreased glucagon concentration on d 10 after LPS challenge (p<0.05). In addition, dietary supplementation with proline increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity significantly on d 10 and 20 (p<0.05), and 1.0% proline increased heat shock proteins-70 concentration on d 10 (p<0.05). Moreover, proline supplementation increased diamine oxidase (DAO) concentrations after LPS challenge (p<0.05). There was LPS challenge×proline interaction for DAO (p<0.05). Furthermore, dietary supplementation with 1.0% proline increased the D-xylose level when no LPS challenge (p<0.05). These results indicate that proline supplementation could improve growth performance, increase SOD activities, and has a positive effect on the gastrointestinal tract digestibility in early weaned pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Kang
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yongqing Hou
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Binying Ding
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Dan Yi
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Huiling Zhu
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yulan Liu
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Gao C, Ma Q, Zhao L, Zhang J, Ji C. Effect of dietary phytase transgenic corn on physiological characteristics and the fate of recombinant plant DNA in laying hens. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 27:77-82. [PMID: 25049929 PMCID: PMC4093279 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the potential effects of feeding with phytase transgenic corn (PTC) on organ weight, serum biochemical parameters and nutrient digestibility, and to determine the fate of the transgenic DNA in laying hens. A total of 144 50-week-old laying hens were grouped randomly into 2 treatments, with 8 replicates per treatment and 9 hens per replicate. Each treatment group of hens was fed with diets containing 62.4% non-transgenic conventional corn (CC) or PTC for 16 weeks. The phytase activity for CC was 37 FTU/kg of DM, whereas the phytase activity for PTC was 8,980 FTU/kg of DM. We observed that feeding PTC to laying hens had no adverse effect on organ weight or serum biochemical parameters (p>0.05). A fragment of a poultry-specific ovalbumin gene (ov) was amplified from all tissues of hens showing that the DNA preparations were amenable to PCR amplification. Neither the corn-specific invertase gene (ivr) nor the transgenic phyA2 gene was detected in the breast muscle, leg muscle, ovary, oviduct and eggs. The digestibility data revealed no significant differences between the hens that received the CC- and PTC-based diets in the digestibility of DM, energy, nitrogen and calcium (p>0.05). Phosphorus digestibility of hens fed the PTC-based diet was greater than that of hens fed the CC-based diet (58.03% vs 47.42%, p<0.01). Based on these results, it was concluded that the PTC had no deleterious effects on the organ weight or serum biochemical parameters of the laying hens. No recombinant phyA2 gene was detected in muscle tissues and reproductive organs of laying hens. The novel plant phytase was efficacious in improving the phosphorus digestibility of laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiugang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lihong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Cheng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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