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Summers TJ, Sobrinho JA, de Bettencourt-Dias A, Kelly SD, Fulton JL, Cantu DC. Solution Structures of Europium Terpyridyl Complexes with Nitrate and Triflate Counterions in Acetonitrile. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:5207-5218. [PMID: 36940386 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanide-ligand complexes are key components of technological applications, and their properties depend on their structures in the solution phase, which are challenging to resolve experimentally or computationally. The coordination structure of the Eu3+ ion in different coordination environments in acetonitrile is examined using ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. AIMD simulations are conducted for the solvated Eu3+ ion in acetonitrile, both with or without a terpyridyl ligand, and in the presence of either triflate or nitrate counterions. EXAFS spectra are calculated directly from AIMD simulations and then compared to experimentally measured EXAFS spectra. In acetonitrile solution, both nitrate and triflate anions are shown to coordinate directly to the Eu3+ ion forming either ten- or eight-coordinate solvent complexes where the counterions are binding as bidentate or monodentate structures, respectively. Coordination of a terpyridyl ligand to the Eu3+ ion limits the available binding sites for the solvent and anions. In certain cases, the terpyridyl ligand excludes any solvent binding and limits the number of coordinated anions. The solution structure of the Eu-terpyridyl complex with nitrate counterions is shown to have a similar arrangement of Eu3+ coordinating molecules as the crystal structure. This study illustrates how a combination of AIMD and EXAFS can be used to determine how ligands, solvent, and counterions coordinate with the lanthanide ions in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Summers
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada 89557-0388, United States
| | - Josiane A Sobrinho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada 89557-0705, United States
| | | | - Shelly D Kelly
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439-4801, United States
| | - John L Fulton
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - David C Cantu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada 89557-0388, United States
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Gutorova SV, Matveev PI, Trigub AL, Lemport PS, Kalmykov SN. Evidence for the Perchlorate Anion Coordination in the Structure of Uranyl Cation Complex with N,O-Donor Ligands in a Solution: RMC-EXAFS Study. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1063774522070203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Okamura H, Aoyagi N, Shimojo K, Naganawa H, Imura H. Role of Tf2N− anions in the ionic liquid–water distribution of europium(iii) chelates. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra27208h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The replacement of water molecules of [Eu(tta)3(H2O)3] with Tf2N− was evidenced in water-saturated [Cnmim][Tf2N] by time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Okamura
- Advanced Science Research Center
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency
- Tokai
- Japan
| | - Noboru Aoyagi
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency
- Tokai
- Japan
| | - Kojiro Shimojo
- Advanced Science Research Center
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency
- Tokai
- Japan
| | | | - Hisanori Imura
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Institute of Science and Engineering
- Kanazawa University
- Kanazawa 920-1192
- Japan
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Melchior A, Gaillard C, Gràcia Lanas S, Tolazzi M, Billard I, Georg S, Sarrasin L, Boltoeva M. Nickel(II) Complexation with Nitrate in Dry [C4mim][Tf2N] Ionic Liquid: A Spectroscopic, Microcalorimetric, and Molecular Dynamics Study. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:3498-507. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Melchior
- Dipartimento di
Chimica, Fisica e Ambiente, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio
108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Clotilde Gaillard
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire de
Lyon, Université de Lyon, CNRS-IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne
cedex, France
| | - Sara Gràcia Lanas
- Dipartimento di
Chimica, Fisica e Ambiente, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio
108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Marilena Tolazzi
- Dipartimento di
Chimica, Fisica e Ambiente, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio
108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Isabelle Billard
- Université Grenoble Alpes, LEPMI, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, LEPMI, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Sylvia Georg
- Université de Strasbourg, IPHC, 23 rue du Lœss 67037 Strasbourg, France
| | - Lola Sarrasin
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire de
Lyon, Université de Lyon, CNRS-IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne
cedex, France
| | - Maria Boltoeva
- Université de Strasbourg, IPHC, 23 rue du Lœss 67037 Strasbourg, France
- CNRS, UMR7178, 67037 Strasbourg, France
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Liu L, Tian G, Rao L. Effect of Solvation? Complexation of Neodymium(III) with Nitrate in an Ionic Liquid (BumimTf2N) in Comparison with Water. SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/07366299.2013.800410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Billard I. Ionic Liquids: New Hopes for Efficient Lanthanide/Actinide Extraction and Separation? INCLUDING ACTINIDES 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-59536-2.00003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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8
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Natrajan LS. Developments in the photophysics and photochemistry of actinide ions and their coordination compounds. Coord Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Electrochemical behavior of [UO2Cl4]2− in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium based ionic liquids. Sci China Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-012-4693-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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10
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Chaumont A, Klimchuk O, Gaillard C, Billard I, Ouadi A, Hennig C, Wipff G. Perrhenate Complexation by Uranyl in Traditional Solvents and in Ionic Liquids: A Joint Molecular Dynamics/Spectroscopic Study. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:3205-19. [DOI: 10.1021/jp209476h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Chaumont
- Laboratoire
MSM, UMR 7177, Institut de Chimie, 1 rue
B. Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg,
France
| | - Olga Klimchuk
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, DRS, Radiochimie, 23 rue du Lœss,
67037 Strasbourg cedex 2, France
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, NAS of Ukraine, 02660, Murmanska, 5, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Clotilde Gaillard
- Université de Lyon, Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon, CNRS-IN2P3,
4 rue Enrico Fermi, 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - Isabelle Billard
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, DRS, Radiochimie, 23 rue du Lœss,
67037 Strasbourg cedex 2, France
| | - Ali Ouadi
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, DRS, Radiochimie, 23 rue du Lœss,
67037 Strasbourg cedex 2, France
| | - Christoph Hennig
- Institute of Radiochemistry, Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, P.O. Box 510119,
01314 Dresden, Germany
| | - Georges Wipff
- Laboratoire
MSM, UMR 7177, Institut de Chimie, 1 rue
B. Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg,
France
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Gaillard C, Klimchuk O, Ouadi A, Billard I, Hennig C. Evidence for the formation of UO2(NO3)42− in an ionic liquid by EXAFS. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:5476-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt30205e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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12
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Okamura H, Sakae H, Kidani K, Hirayama N, Aoyagi N, Saito T, Shimojo K, Naganawa H, Imura H. Laser-induced fluorescence and infrared spectroscopic studies on the specific solvation of tris(1-(2-thienyl)-4,4,4-trifluoro-1,3-butanedionato)europium(III) in an ionic liquid. Polyhedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2011.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Brandner A, Kitahara T, Beare N, Lin C, Berry MT, May PS. Luminescence Properties and Quenching Mechanisms of Ln(Tf2N)3 Complexes in the Ionic Liquid bmpyr Tf2N. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:6509-20. [PMID: 21675724 DOI: 10.1021/ic102538m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amber Brandner
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, 414 East Clark Street, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, United States
| | - Taizo Kitahara
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, 414 East Clark Street, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, United States
| | - Nick Beare
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, 414 East Clark Street, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, United States
| | - Cuikun Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, 414 East Clark Street, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, United States
| | - Mary T. Berry
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, 414 East Clark Street, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, United States
| | - P. Stanley May
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, 414 East Clark Street, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, United States
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Gaillard C, Chaumont A, Billard I, Hennig C, Ouadi A, Georg S, Wipff G. Competitive Complexation of Nitrates and Chlorides to Uranyl in a Room Temperature Ionic Liquid. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:6484-94. [DOI: 10.1021/ic100170t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Gaillard
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon, CNRS-IN2P3, 4 rue Enrico Fermi, 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - A. Chaumont
- Laboratoire MSM, UMR 7177, Institut de Chimie, 4 rue B. Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - I. Billard
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, DRS, Chimie Nucléaire, 23 rue du Lœss, 67037 Strasbourg cedex 2, France
| | - C. Hennig
- Institute of Radiochemistry, Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, P.O. Box 510119, 01314 Dresden, Germany
| | - A. Ouadi
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, DRS, Chimie Nucléaire, 23 rue du Lœss, 67037 Strasbourg cedex 2, France
| | - S. Georg
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, DRS, Chimie Nucléaire, 23 rue du Lœss, 67037 Strasbourg cedex 2, France
| | - G. Wipff
- Laboratoire MSM, UMR 7177, Institut de Chimie, 4 rue B. Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja‐Verena Mudring
- Anorganische Chemie I – Festkörperchemie und Materialien, Ruhr‐Universität Bochum 44780 Bochum, Germany, Fax: +49‐234‐32‐14951
| | - Sifu Tang
- Anorganische Chemie I – Festkörperchemie und Materialien, Ruhr‐Universität Bochum 44780 Bochum, Germany, Fax: +49‐234‐32‐14951
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16
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Georg S, Billard I, Ouadi A, Gaillard C, Petitjean L, Picquet M, Solov’ev V. Determination of Successive Complexation Constants in an Ionic Liquid: Complexation of UO22+ with NO3− in C4-mimTf2N Studied by UV−Vis Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:4276-82. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9107624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Georg
- IPHC, UMR 7178 CNRS-IN2P3 et Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, 67037 Strasbourg cedex 2, France, IPN Lyon, Université Lyon I, 4 rue E. Fermi, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne, UMR 5260 CNRS - Université de Bourgogne, 9 avenue A. Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, cedex, France, and Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 31a, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Isabelle Billard
- IPHC, UMR 7178 CNRS-IN2P3 et Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, 67037 Strasbourg cedex 2, France, IPN Lyon, Université Lyon I, 4 rue E. Fermi, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne, UMR 5260 CNRS - Université de Bourgogne, 9 avenue A. Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, cedex, France, and Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 31a, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ali Ouadi
- IPHC, UMR 7178 CNRS-IN2P3 et Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, 67037 Strasbourg cedex 2, France, IPN Lyon, Université Lyon I, 4 rue E. Fermi, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne, UMR 5260 CNRS - Université de Bourgogne, 9 avenue A. Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, cedex, France, and Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 31a, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Clotilde Gaillard
- IPHC, UMR 7178 CNRS-IN2P3 et Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, 67037 Strasbourg cedex 2, France, IPN Lyon, Université Lyon I, 4 rue E. Fermi, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne, UMR 5260 CNRS - Université de Bourgogne, 9 avenue A. Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, cedex, France, and Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 31a, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Laetitia Petitjean
- IPHC, UMR 7178 CNRS-IN2P3 et Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, 67037 Strasbourg cedex 2, France, IPN Lyon, Université Lyon I, 4 rue E. Fermi, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne, UMR 5260 CNRS - Université de Bourgogne, 9 avenue A. Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, cedex, France, and Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 31a, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Michel Picquet
- IPHC, UMR 7178 CNRS-IN2P3 et Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, 67037 Strasbourg cedex 2, France, IPN Lyon, Université Lyon I, 4 rue E. Fermi, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne, UMR 5260 CNRS - Université de Bourgogne, 9 avenue A. Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, cedex, France, and Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 31a, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vitaly Solov’ev
- IPHC, UMR 7178 CNRS-IN2P3 et Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, 67037 Strasbourg cedex 2, France, IPN Lyon, Université Lyon I, 4 rue E. Fermi, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne, UMR 5260 CNRS - Université de Bourgogne, 9 avenue A. Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, cedex, France, and Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 31a, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Billard I, Georg S. Reactivity Towards Europium(III) of the Radiolysis Products of the Ionic Liquid 1-Methyl-3-butyl-1H-imidazolium Bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]amide (C4-mimTf2N) and Effect of Water: A TRLFS (Time-Resolved Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy) Preliminary Study. Helv Chim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200900140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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18
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Um W, Wang Z, Serne RJ, Williams BD, Brown CF, Dodge CJ, Francis AJ. Uranium phases in contaminated sediments below Hanford's U tank farm. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2009; 43:4280-4286. [PMID: 19603635 DOI: 10.1021/es900203r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Macroscopic and spectroscopic investigations (XAFS, XRF, and TRLIF) on Hanford contaminated vadose zone sediments from the U-tank farm showed that U(VI) exists as different surface phases as a function of depth below ground surface (bgs). Secondary precipitates of U(VI) silicate precipitates (boltwoodite and uranophane) were present dominantly in shallow-depth sediments (15-16 m bgs), while adsorbed U(VI) phases and polynuclear U(VI) surface precipitates were considered to dominate in intermediate-depth sediments (20-25 m bgs). Only natural uranium was observed in the deeper sediments (> 28 m bgs) with no signs of contact with tank wastes containing Hanford-derived U(VI). Across all depths, most of the U(VI) was preferentially associated with the silt and clay size fractions of sediments. Strong correlation between U(VI) and Ca was found in the shallow-depth sediments, especially for the precipitated U(VI) silicates. Because U(VI) silicate precipitates dominate in the shallow-depth sediments, the released U(VI) concentration by macroscopic (bi)carbonate leaching resulted from both desorption and dissolution processes. Having different U(VI) surface phases in the Hanford contaminated sediments indicates that the U(VI) release mechanism could be complicated and that detailed characterization of the sediments using several different methods would be needed to estimate U(VI) fate and transport correctly in the vadose zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wooyong Um
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA.
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Hartmann E, Baeyens B, Bradbury MH, Geckeis H, Stumpf T. A spectroscopic characterization and quantification of m(III)/clay mineral outer-sphere complexes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2008; 42:7601-7606. [PMID: 18983081 DOI: 10.1021/es801092f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
For the long-term safety assessment of deep radioactive waste repositories an understanding of the interactions of actinides with mineral surfaces at a molecular level is necessary. The retention/mobility of the released radionuclides is strongly dependent on sorption/desorption reactions at mineral surfaces. Thus, a quantitative understanding of the uptake mechanisms of actinides on clay minerals will make an important contribution to long-term safety assessments. Using time-resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS), it was possible to differentiate between nonsorbed aquo ions and outer-sphere sorbed Cm(III) onto different montmorillonites. In addition, Cm(III)/clay outer-sphere complexation at different ionic strengths using NaCI as the background electrolyte is quantified. Finally, the results are verified by sorption model calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Hartmann
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Nukleare Entsorgung, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Stumpf S, Billard I, Gaillard C, Panak PJ, Dardenne K. Time-Resolved Laser Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Extended X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy Investigations of the N3− Complexation of Eu(III), Cm(III), and Am(III) in an Ionic Liquid: Differences and Similarities. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:4618-26. [DOI: 10.1021/ic7023567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Stumpf
- European Commission, JRC, Institute for Transuranium Elements, Karlsruhe, 76125, Germany, IPHC/DRS, Chimie Nucléaire, BP. 28, 67037 Strasbourg, France, and Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Nukleare Entsorgung, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - I. Billard
- European Commission, JRC, Institute for Transuranium Elements, Karlsruhe, 76125, Germany, IPHC/DRS, Chimie Nucléaire, BP. 28, 67037 Strasbourg, France, and Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Nukleare Entsorgung, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C. Gaillard
- European Commission, JRC, Institute for Transuranium Elements, Karlsruhe, 76125, Germany, IPHC/DRS, Chimie Nucléaire, BP. 28, 67037 Strasbourg, France, and Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Nukleare Entsorgung, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P. J. Panak
- European Commission, JRC, Institute for Transuranium Elements, Karlsruhe, 76125, Germany, IPHC/DRS, Chimie Nucléaire, BP. 28, 67037 Strasbourg, France, and Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Nukleare Entsorgung, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - K. Dardenne
- European Commission, JRC, Institute for Transuranium Elements, Karlsruhe, 76125, Germany, IPHC/DRS, Chimie Nucléaire, BP. 28, 67037 Strasbourg, France, and Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Nukleare Entsorgung, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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