1
|
Omweri JM, Tekin V, Saini S, Houson HA, Jayawardana SB, Decato DA, Wijeratne GB, Lapi SE. Chelation chemistry of manganese-52 for PET imaging applications. Nucl Med Biol 2024; 128-129:108874. [PMID: 38154167 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2023.108874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Due to its decay and chemical properties, interest in manganese-52 has increased for development of long-lived PET radiopharmaceuticals. Its long half-life of 5.6 days, low average positron energy (242 keV), and sufficient positron decay branching ratio make it suitable for radiolabeling macromolecules for investigating slow biological processes. This work aims to establish suitable chelators for manganese-52 that can be radiolabeled at mild conditions through the evaluation of commercially available chelators. METHODS Manganese-52 was produced through the nuclear reaction NatCr(p,n)52Mn by irradiation of natural chromium targets on a TR24 cyclotron followed by purification through ion exchange chromatography. The radiolabeling efficiencies of chelators: DOTA, DiAmsar, TETA, DO3A, NOTA, 4'-Formylbenzo-15-crown-5, Oxo-DO3A, and DFO, were assessed by investigating the impact of pH, buffer type, and temperature. In vitro stability of [52Mn]Mn(DO3A)-, [52Mn]Mn(Oxo-DO3A)-, and [52Mn]Mn(DOTA)2- were evaluated in mouse serum. The radiocomplexes were also evaluated in vivo in mice. Crystals of [Mn(Oxo-DO3A)]- were synthesized by reacting Oxo-DO3A with MnCl2 and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. RESULTS Yields of 185 ± 19 MBq (5.0 ± 0.5 mCi) (n = 4) of manganese-52 were produced at the end of a 4 h, 15 μA, bombardment with 12.5 MeV protons. NOTA, DO3A, DOTA, and Oxo-DO3A chelators were readily radiolabeled with >96 % radiochemical purity at all conditions. Manganese radiocomplexes of Oxo-DO3A, DOTA, and DO3A remained stable in vitro up to 5 days and exhibited different biodistribution profiles compared to [52Mn]MnCl2. The solid-state structure of Mn-Oxo-DO3A complex was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. CONCLUSIONS DO3A and Oxo-DO3A are suitable chelators for manganese-52 which are readily radiolabeled at mild conditions with high molar activity, and demonstrate both in vitro and in vivo stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James M Omweri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Volkan Tekin
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Shefali Saini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Hailey A Houson
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Samith B Jayawardana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Daniel A Decato
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, MT 59812, USA
| | - Gayan B Wijeratne
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Suzanne E Lapi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Colombi A, Carante MP, Barbaro F, Canton L, Fontana A. Production of High-Purity 52gMn from natV Targets with Alpha Beams at Cyclotrons. NUCL TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00295450.2021.1947122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Colombi
- INFN - Sezione di Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università di Pavia,Dipartimento di Fisica, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - F. Barbaro
- INFN - Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - L. Canton
- INFN - Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - A. Fontana
- INFN - Sezione di Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Coenen HH, Ermert J. Expanding PET-applications in life sciences with positron-emitters beyond fluorine-18. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 92:241-269. [PMID: 32900582 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Positron-emission-tomography (PET) has become an indispensable diagnostic tool in modern nuclear medicine. Its outstanding molecular imaging features allow repetitive studies on one individual and with high sensitivity, though no interference. Rather few positron-emitters with near favourable physical properties, i.e. carbon-11 and fluorine-18, furnished most studies in the beginning, preferably if covalently bound as isotopic label of small molecules. With the advancement of PET-devices the scope of in vivo research in life sciences and especially that of medical applications expanded, and other than "standard" PET-nuclides received increasing significance, like the radiometals copper-64 and gallium-68. Especially during the last decades, positron-emitters of other chemical elements have gotten into the focus of interest, concomitant with the technical advancements in imaging and radionuclide production. With known nuclear imaging properties and main production methods of emerging positron-emitters their usefulness for medical application is promising and even proven for several ones already. Unfortunate decay properties could be corrected for, and β+-emitters, especially with a longer half-life, provided new possibilities for application where slower processes are of importance. Further on, (bio)chemical features of positron-emitters of other elements, among there many metals, not only expanded the field of classical clinical investigations, but also opened up new fields of application. Appropriately labelled peptides, proteins and nanoparticles lend itself as newer probes for PET-imaging, e.g. in theragnostic or PET/MR hybrid imaging. Furthermore, the potential of non-destructive in-vivo imaging with positron-emission-tomography directs the view on further areas of life sciences. Thus, exploiting the excellent methodology for basic research on molecular biochemical functions and processes is increasingly encouraged as well in areas outside of health, such as plant and environmental sciences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heinz H Coenen
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5, Nuklearchemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Johannes Ermert
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5, Nuklearchemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bianchi F, Marchi C, Fuad G, Groppi F, Haddad F, Magagnin L, Manenti S. On the production of 52gMn by deuteron irradiation on natural chromium and its radionuclidic purity. Appl Radiat Isot 2020; 166:109329. [PMID: 32916627 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The positron emitter 52gMn is used for the Positron Emission Tomography - PET imaging.In this work we investigate the nuclear reactions for production of 52gMn and 54Mn induced by deuteron beams on natural chromium targets at energies up to Ed = 28 MeV using the stacked-foils activation technique. We calculate the thick target yields for 52gMn and for the radionuclidic impurity 54Mn, and we compare the radionuclidic purity of 52gMn with that achievable in proton activation of Cr. The cross-sections of the reactions natCr(d,pxn)51Cr and natCr(d,x)48V are also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bianchi
- Department of Physics, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, I-20133, Milano, Italy; LASA, Department of Physics, Università Degli Studi di Milano and INFN-Milano, Via F.lli Cervi 201, I-20090, Segrate (MI), Italy
| | - Claudio Marchi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering ''Giulio Natta'', Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, I-20131, Milano, Italy
| | - Glara Fuad
- Department of Physics, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, I-20133, Milano, Italy; LASA, Department of Physics, Università Degli Studi di Milano and INFN-Milano, Via F.lli Cervi 201, I-20090, Segrate (MI), Italy; Physics Department, Salahaddin University, Kirkuk Road, IQ-44001, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Flavia Groppi
- Department of Physics, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, I-20133, Milano, Italy; LASA, Department of Physics, Università Degli Studi di Milano and INFN-Milano, Via F.lli Cervi 201, I-20090, Segrate (MI), Italy
| | - Férid Haddad
- SUBATECH, Institut Mines Telecom Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Nantes, Université de Nantes, France; GIP Arronax, 1 Rue Aronnax, 44817, CEDEX Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Luca Magagnin
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering ''Giulio Natta'', Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, I-20131, Milano, Italy
| | - Simone Manenti
- Department of Physics, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, I-20133, Milano, Italy; LASA, Department of Physics, Università Degli Studi di Milano and INFN-Milano, Via F.lli Cervi 201, I-20090, Segrate (MI), Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Brandt M, Cardinale J, Rausch I, Mindt TL. Manganese in PET imaging: Opportunities and challenges. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2020; 62:541-551. [PMID: 31115089 PMCID: PMC6771670 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Several radionuclides of the transition metal manganese are known and accessible. Three of them, 51Mn, 52mMn, and 52gMn, are positron emitters that are potentially interesting for positron emission tomography (PET) applications and, thus, have caught the interest of the radiochemical/radiopharmaceutical and nuclear medicine communities. This mini‐review provides an overview of the production routes and physical properties of these radionuclides. For medical imaging, the focus is on the longer‐living 52gMn and its application for the radiolabelling of molecules and other entities exhibiting long biological half‐lives, the imaging of manganese‐dependent biological processes, and the development of bimodal PET/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probes in combination with paramagnetic natMn as a contrast agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Brandt
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, General Hospital of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jens Cardinale
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, General Hospital of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ivo Rausch
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas L Mindt
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, General Hospital of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Excitation functions and yield measurements for Proton Induced Reactions in Stainless Steel: Special relevance to Proton Activation Analysis. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 151:166-170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
7
|
Qaim SM, Scholten B, Spahn I, Neumaier B. Positron-emitting radionuclides for applications, with special emphasis on their production methodologies for medical use. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2019-3154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
A survey of the positron-emitting radionuclides over the whole mass range of the Periodic Table of Elements was carried out. As already known, positrons are preferably emitted from light mass neutron deficient radionuclides. Their emission from heavier mass nuclides is rather rare. The applications of positron annihilation in three areas, namely materials research, plant physiology and medical diagnosis, are reported. The methods of production of positron emitters are discussed, with emphasis on radionuclides presently attracting more attention in theranostics and multimodal imaging. Some future perspectives of radionuclide development technologies are considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed M. Qaim
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5: Nuklearchemie , Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , 52425 Jülich , Germany
| | - Bernhard Scholten
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5: Nuklearchemie , Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , 52425 Jülich , Germany
| | - Ingo Spahn
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5: Nuklearchemie , Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , 52425 Jülich , Germany
| | - Bernd Neumaier
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5: Nuklearchemie , Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , 52425 Jülich , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
El Sayed R, Massicano AV, Queern SL, Loveless CS, Lapi SE. Manganese-52 production cross-section measurements via irradiation of natural chromium targets up to 20 MeV. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 147:165-170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
9
|
Tárkányi FT, Ignatyuk AV, Hermanne A, Capote R, Carlson BV, Engle JW, Kellett MA, Kibédi T, Kim GN, Kondev FG, Hussain M, Lebeda O, Luca A, Nagai Y, Naik H, Nichols AL, Nortier FM, Suryanarayana SV, Takács S, Verpelli M. Recommended nuclear data for medical radioisotope production: diagnostic positron emitters. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-018-6380-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
10
|
Brandt MR, Vanasschen C, Ermert J, Coenen HH, Neumaier B. 52g/55Mn-Labelled CDTA-based trimeric complexes as novel bimodal PET/MR probes with high relaxivity. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:3003-3008. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04996c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Multimeric trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid (CDTA) derivatives labelled with a mixture of paramagnetic 55Mn(ii) and β+-emitting 52gMn(ii) offer the access to bimodal Positron Emission Tomography/Magnetic Resonance (PET/MR) tracers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie R. Brandt
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine
- INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry
- Jülich
- Germany
| | | | - Johannes Ermert
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine
- INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry
- Jülich
- Germany
| | - Heinz H. Coenen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine
- INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry
- Jülich
- Germany
| | - Bernd Neumaier
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine
- INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry
- Jülich
- Germany
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chaple IF, Lapi SE. Production and Use of the First-Row Transition Metal PET Radionuclides 43,44Sc, 52Mn, and 45Ti. J Nucl Med 2018; 59:1655-1659. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.213264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
|
12
|
Excitation functions of proton induced nuclear reactions on natFe up to 16 MeV, with emphasis on radiochemical determination of low cross sections. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2017-2818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractExcitation functions for the formation of the radionuclides
Collapse
|
13
|
Imaging neuronal pathways with 52Mn PET: Toxicity evaluation in rats. Neuroimage 2017; 158:112-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
14
|
Wooten AL, Aweda TA, Lewis BC, Gross RB, Lapi SE. Biodistribution and PET Imaging of pharmacokinetics of manganese in mice using Manganese-52. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174351. [PMID: 28306727 PMCID: PMC5357058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese is essential to life, and humans typically absorb sufficient quantities of this element from a normal healthy diet; however, chronic, elevated ingestion or inhalation of manganese can be neurotoxic, potentially leading to manganism. Although imaging of large amounts of accumulated Mn(II) is possible by MRI, quantitative measurement of the biodistribution of manganese, particularly at the trace level, can be challenging. In this study, we produced the positron-emitting radionuclide 52Mn (t1/2 = 5.6 d) by proton bombardment (Ep<15 MeV) of chromium metal, followed by solid-phase isolation by cation-exchange chromatography. An aqueous solution of [52Mn]MnCl2 was nebulized into a closed chamber with openings through which mice inhaled the aerosol, and a separate cohort of mice received intravenous (IV) injections of [52Mn]MnCl2. Ex vivo biodistribution was performed at 1 h and 1 d post-injection/inhalation (p.i.). In both trials, we observed uptake in lungs and thyroid at 1 d p.i. Manganese is known to cross the blood-brain barrier, as confirmed in our studies following IV injection (0.86%ID/g, 1 d p.i.) and following inhalation of aerosol, (0.31%ID/g, 1 d p.i.). Uptake in salivary gland and pancreas were observed at 1 d p.i. (0.5 and 0.8%ID/g), but to a much greater degree from IV injection (6.8 and 10%ID/g). In a separate study, mice received IV injection of an imaging dose of [52Mn]MnCl2, followed by in vivo imaging by positron emission tomography (PET) and ex vivo biodistribution. The results from this study supported many of the results from the biodistribution-only studies. In this work, we have confirmed results in the literature and contributed new results for the biodistribution of inhaled radiomanganese for several organs. Our results could serve as supporting information for environmental and occupational regulations, for designing PET studies utilizing 52Mn, and/or for predicting the biodistribution of manganese-based MR contrast agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Lake Wooten
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, United States of America
| | - Tolulope A. Aweda
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Benjamin C. Lewis
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, United States of America
| | - Rebecca B. Gross
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Suzanne E. Lapi
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fonslet J, Tietze S, Jensen AI, Graves SA, Severin GW. Optimized procedures for manganese-52: Production, separation and radiolabeling. Appl Radiat Isot 2017; 121:38-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2016.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
16
|
Qaim SM. Nuclear data for production and medical application of radionuclides: Present status and future needs. Nucl Med Biol 2016; 44:31-49. [PMID: 27821344 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The significance of nuclear data in the choice and medical application of a radionuclide is considered: the decay data determine its suitability for organ imaging or internal therapy and the reaction cross section data allow optimisation of its production route. A brief discussion of reaction cross sections and yields is given. STANDARD RADIONUCLIDES The standard SPECT, PET and therapeutic radionuclides are enumerated and their decay and production data are considered. The status of nuclear data is generally good. Some existing discrepancies are outlined. A few promising alternative production routes of 99mTc and 68Ga are discussed. RESEARCH-ORIENTED RADIONUCLIDES The increasing significance of non-standard positron emitters in organ imaging and of low-energy highly-ionizing radiation emitters in internal therapy is discussed, their nuclear data are considered and a brief review of their status is presented. Some other related nuclear data issues are also mentioned. PRODUCTION OF RADIONUCLIDES USING NEWER TECHNOLOGIES The data needs arising from new directions in radionuclide applications (multimode imaging, theranostic approach, radionanoparticles, etc.) are considered. The future needs of data associated with possible utilization of newer irradiation technologies (intermediate energy cyclotron, high-intensity photon accelerator, spallation neutron source, etc.) are outlined. CONCLUSION Except for a few small discrepancies, the available nuclear data are sufficient for routine production and application of radionuclides. Considerable data needs exist for developing novel radionuclides for applications. The developing future technologies for radionuclide production will demand further data-related activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed M Qaim
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5 (Nuklearchemie), Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Vanasschen C, Brandt M, Ermert J, Coenen HH. Radiolabelling with isotopic mixtures of (52g/55)Mn(II) as a straight route to stable manganese complexes for bimodal PET/MR imaging. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:1315-21. [PMID: 26685974 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt04270d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Radiolabelling using isotopic mixtures of (52g/55)Mn(ii) offers fast and easy access to new small molecule PET/MR tracers, composed of chemically identical reporting units. trans-1,2-Diaminocyclohexane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (CDTA) was radiolabelled with carrier-added (52g)Mn(ii) in >99% radiochemical yield, producing the first manganese-based bimodal PET/MR probe. The Mn-CDTA chelate was shown to be very stable to air oxidation and sufficiently inert to decomplexation in blood serum. These data sparked our interest in functionalized CDTA ligands for the design of optimized PET/MR tracers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Vanasschen
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5: Nuklearchemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Marie Brandt
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5: Nuklearchemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Johannes Ermert
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5: Nuklearchemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Heinz H Coenen
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5: Nuklearchemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Coenen HH, Buchholz M, Spahn I, Vanasschen C, Ermert J, Neumaier B. Towards authentically labelled bi-modal PET (SPECT)/MR-probes. EJNMMI Phys 2015; 1:A79. [PMID: 26501670 PMCID: PMC4546016 DOI: 10.1186/2197-7364-1-s1-a79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Heinrich H Coenen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Research Centre, Jülich, Germany
| | - Martin Buchholz
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Research Centre, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ingo Spahn
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Research Centre, Jülich, Germany
| | - Christian Vanasschen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Research Centre, Jülich, Germany
| | - Johannes Ermert
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Research Centre, Jülich, Germany
| | - Bernd Neumaier
- Institute for Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, Medical Clinics, University of Cologne, Kragujevac, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Graves SA, Hernandez R, Fonslet J, England CG, Valdovinos HF, Ellison PA, Barnhart TE, Elema DR, Theuer CP, Cai W, Nickles RJ, Severin GW. Novel Preparation Methods of (52)Mn for ImmunoPET Imaging. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:2118-24. [PMID: 26317429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
(52)Mn (t1/2 = 5.59 d, β(+) = 29.6%, Eβave = 0.24 MeV) shows promise in positron emission tomography (PET) and in dual-modality manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) applications including neural tractography, stem cell tracking, and biological toxicity studies. The extension to bioconjugate application requires high-specific-activity (52)Mn in a state suitable for macromolecule labeling. To that end a (52)Mn production, purification, and labeling system is presented, and its applicability in preclinical, macromolecule PET is shown using the conjugate (52)Mn-DOTA-TRC105. (52)Mn is produced by 60 μA, 16 MeV proton irradiation of natural chromium metal pressed into a silver disc support. Radiochemical separation proceeds by strong anion exchange chromatography of the dissolved Cr target, employing a semiorganic mobile phase, 97:3 (v:v) ethanol:HCl (11 M, aqueous). The method is 62 ± 14% efficient (n = 7) in (52)Mn recovery, leading to a separation factor from Cr of (1.6 ± 1.0) × 10(6) (n = 4), and an average effective specific activity of 0.8 GBq/μmol (n = 4) in titration against DOTA. (52)Mn-DOTA-TRC105 conjugation and labeling demonstrate the potential for chelation applications. In vivo images acquired using PET/CT in mice bearing 4T1 xenograft tumors are presented. Peak tumor uptake is 18.7 ± 2.7%ID/g at 24 h post injection and ex vivo (52)Mn biodistribution validates the in vivo PET data. Free (52)Mn(2+) (as chloride or acetate) is used as a control in additional mice to evaluate the nontargeted biodistribution in the tumor model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jesper Fonslet
- Technical University of Denmark , Center for Nuclear Technologies, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Dennis R Elema
- Technical University of Denmark , Center for Nuclear Technologies, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Charles P Theuer
- TRACON Pharmaceuticals , San Diego, California 92122, United States
| | | | | | - Gregory W Severin
- Technical University of Denmark , Center for Nuclear Technologies, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Target development for diversified irradiations at a medical cyclotron. Appl Radiat Isot 2015; 104:106-12. [PMID: 26142809 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The irradiation facility at an old medical cyclotron (Ep=17 MeV; Ed=10 MeV) was upgraded by extending the beam line and incorporation of solid state targetry. Tests performed to check the quality of the available beam are outlined. Results on nuclear data measurements and improvement of radiochemical separations are described. Using solid targets, with the proton beam falling at a slanting angle of 20°, a few radionuclides, e.g. (75)Se, (120)I, (124)I, etc. were produced with medium currents (up to 20 µA) in no-carrier-added form in quantities sufficient for local use. The extended irradiation facility has considerably enhanced the utility of the medical cyclotron.
Collapse
|
21
|
New developments in the experimental data for charged particle production of medical radioisotopes. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-3968-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
22
|
|
23
|
Kakavand T, Mirzaii M, Eslami M, Valizadeh S. Cyclotron production of 52Mn and Monte Carlo benchmarking. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3880-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
24
|
Cross-sections for (p,x) reactions on natural chromium for the production of (52,52m,54)Mn radioisotopes. Appl Radiat Isot 2014; 96:154-161. [PMID: 25497324 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The production of positron-emitting isotopes of manganese is potentially important for developing contrast agents for dual-modality positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance (PET/MR) imaging, as well as for in vivo imaging of the biodistribution and toxicity of manganese. The decay properties of (52)Mn make it an excellent candidate for these applications, and it can easily be produced by bombardment of a chromium target with protons or deuterons from a low-energy biomedical cyclotron. Several parameters that are essential to this mode of production—target thickness, beam energy, beam current, and bombardment time—depend heavily on the availability of reliable, reproducible cross-section data. This work contributes to the routine production of (52g)Mn for biomedical research by contributing experimental cross-sections for natural chromium ((nat)Cr) targets for the (nat)Cr(p,x)(52g)Mn reaction, as well as for the production of the radiocontaminants (52m,54)Mn.
Collapse
|