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Kealy L, Runting J, Thiele D, Scheer S. An emerging maestro of immune regulation: how DOT1L orchestrates the harmonies of the immune system. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1385319. [PMID: 38962004 PMCID: PMC11219580 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1385319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The immune system comprises a complex yet tightly regulated network of cells and molecules that play a critical role in protecting the body from infection and disease. The activity and development of each immune cell is regulated in a myriad of ways including through the cytokine milieu, the availability of key receptors, via tailored intracellular signalling cascades, dedicated transcription factors and even by directly modulating gene accessibility and expression; the latter is more commonly known as epigenetic regulation. In recent years, epigenetic regulators have begun to emerge as key players involved in modulating the immune system. Among these, the lysine methyltransferase DOT1L has gained significant attention for its involvement in orchestrating immune cell formation and function. In this review we provide an overview of the role of DOT1L across the immune system and the implications of this role on health and disease. We begin by elucidating the general mechanisms of DOT1L-mediated histone methylation and its impact on gene expression within immune cells. Subsequently, we provide a detailed and comprehensive overview of recent studies that identify DOT1L as a crucial regulator of immune cell development, differentiation, and activation. Next, we discuss the potential mechanisms of DOT1L-mediated regulation of immune cell function and shed light on how DOT1L might be contributing to immune cell homeostasis and dysfunction. We then provide food for thought by highlighting some of the current obstacles and technical limitations precluding a more in-depth elucidation of DOT1L's role. Finally, we explore the potential therapeutic implications of targeting DOT1L in the context of immune-related diseases and discuss ongoing research efforts to this end. Overall, this review consolidates the current paradigm regarding DOT1L's role across the immune network and emphasises its critical role in governing the healthy immune system and its potential as a novel therapeutic target for immune-related diseases. A deeper understanding of DOT1L's immunomodulatory functions could pave the way for innovative therapeutic approaches which fine-tune the immune response to enhance or restore human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Kealy
- Immunity Program, The Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jessica Runting
- Immunity Program, The Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel Thiele
- Immunity Program, The Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Sebastian Scheer
- Immunity Program, The Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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2
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Separovich RJ, Karakatsanis NM, Gao K, Fuh D, Hamey JJ, Wilkins MR. Proline-directed yeast and human MAP kinases phosphorylate the Dot1p/DOT1L histone H3K79 methyltransferase. FEBS J 2024; 291:2590-2614. [PMID: 38270553 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Disruptor of telomeric silencing 1 (Dot1p) is an exquisitely conserved histone methyltransferase and is the sole enzyme responsible for H3K79 methylation in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It has been shown to be highly phosphorylated in vivo; however, the upstream kinases that act on Dot1p are almost entirely unknown in yeast and all other eukaryotes. Here, we used in vitro and in vivo kinase discovery approaches to show that mitogen-activated protein kinase HOG1 (Hog1p) is a bona fide kinase of the Dot1p methyltransferase. In vitro kinase assays showed that Hog1p phosphorylates Dot1p at multiple sites, including at several proline-adjacent sites that are consistent with known Hog1p substrate preferences. The activity of Hog1p was specifically enhanced at these proline-adjacent sites on Dot1p upon Hog1p activation by the osmostress-responsive MAP kinase kinase PBS2 (Pbs2p). Genomic deletion of HOG1 reduced phosphorylation at specific sites on Dot1p in vivo, providing further evidence for Hog1p kinase activity on Dot1p in budding yeast cells. Phenotypic analysis of knockout and phosphosite mutant yeast strains revealed the importance of Hog1p-catalysed phosphorylation of Dot1p for cellular responses to ultraviolet-induced DNA damage. In mammalian systems, this kinase-substrate relationship was found to be conserved: human DOT1L (the ortholog of yeast Dot1p) can be phosphorylated by the proline-directed kinase p38β (also known as MAPK11; the ortholog of yeast Hog1p) at multiple sites in vitro. Taken together, our findings establish Hog1p and p38β as newly identified upstream kinases of the Dot1p/DOT1L H3K79 methyltransferase enzymes in eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Separovich
- Systems Biology Initiative, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicola M Karakatsanis
- Systems Biology Initiative, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kelley Gao
- Systems Biology Initiative, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - David Fuh
- Systems Biology Initiative, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joshua J Hamey
- Systems Biology Initiative, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Marc R Wilkins
- Systems Biology Initiative, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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3
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Kawaf RR, Ramadan WS, El-Awady R. Deciphering the interplay of histone post-translational modifications in cancer: Co-targeting histone modulators for precision therapy. Life Sci 2024; 346:122639. [PMID: 38615747 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Chromatin undergoes dynamic regulation through reversible histone post-translational modifications (PTMs), orchestrated by "writers," "erasers," and "readers" enzymes. Dysregulation of these histone modulators is well implicated in shaping the cancer epigenome and providing avenues for precision therapies. The approval of six drugs for cancer therapy targeting histone modulators, along with the ongoing clinical trials of numerous candidates, represents a significant advancement in the field of precision medicine. Recently, it became apparent that histone PTMs act together in a coordinated manner to control gene expression. The intricate crosstalk of histone PTMs has been reported to be dysregulated in cancer, thus emerging as a critical factor in the complex landscape of cancer development. This formed the foundation of the swift emergence of co-targeting different histone modulators as a new strategy in cancer therapy. This review dissects how histone PTMs, encompassing acetylation, phosphorylation, methylation, SUMOylation and ubiquitination, collaboratively influence the chromatin states and impact cellular processes. Furthermore, we explore the significance of histone modification crosstalk in cancer and discuss the potential of targeting histone modification crosstalk in cancer management. Moreover, we underscore the significant strides made in developing dual epigenetic inhibitors, which hold promise as emerging candidates for effective cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan R Kawaf
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wafaa S Ramadan
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Raafat El-Awady
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
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4
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Chen G, Zhang L, Wang R, Xie Z. Histone methylation in Epstein-Barr virus-associated diseases. Epigenomics 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38869454 DOI: 10.1080/17501911.2024.2345040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is linked to various human diseases, including both noncancerous conditions like infectious mononucleosis and cancerous diseases such as lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. After the initial infection, EBV establishes a lifelong presence and remains latent in specific cells. This latent infection causes changes in the epigenetic marks known as histone methylation. Many studies have examined the role of histone methylation in different EBV-associated diseases, and understanding how EBV affects histone methylation can help us identify potential targets for epigenetic therapies. This review focuses on the research progress made in understanding histone methylation in well-studied EBV-associated diseases, intending to provide insights into potential strategies based on histone methylation to combat EBV-related ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglian Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
- Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, 2019RU016, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
- Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, 2019RU016, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
- Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, 2019RU016, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Zhengde Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
- Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, 2019RU016, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100045, China
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5
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Zhang J, Yang T, Han M, Wang X, Yang W, Guo N, Ren Y, Cui W, Li S, Zhao Y, Zhai X, Jia L, Yang J, Wu C, Wang L. Gain-of-function mutations in the catalytic domain of DOT1L promote lung cancer malignant phenotypes via the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadc9273. [PMID: 37256945 PMCID: PMC10413674 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adc9273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a lethal malignancy lacking effective therapies. Emerging evidence suggests that epigenetic enzyme mutations are closely related to the malignant phenotype of lung cancer. Here, we identified a series of gain-of-function mutations in the histone methyltransferase DOT1L. The strongest of them is R231Q, located in the catalytic DOT domain. R231Q can enhance the substrate binding ability of DOT1L. Moreover, R231Q promotes cell growth and drug resistance of lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic studies also revealed that the R231Q mutant specifically activates the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway by enriching H3K79me2 on the RAF1 promoter and epigenetically regulating the expression of downstream targets. The combination of a DOT1L inhibitor (SGC0946) and a MAPK/ERK axis inhibitor (binimetinib) can effectively reverse the R231Q-induced phenomena. Our results reveal gain-of-function mutations in an epigenetic enzyme and provide promising insights for the precise treatment of lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Benxi Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi 117004, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Benxi Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi 117004, China
| | - Mei Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Benxi Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi 117004, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Benxi Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi 117004, China
| | - Weiming Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Benxi Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi 117004, China
| | - Ning Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Benxi Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi 117004, China
| | - Yong Ren
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command of People's Liberation Army, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Shangxiao Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yongshan Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xin Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lina Jia
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jingyu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chunfu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lihui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Benxi Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi 117004, China
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6
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Characterizing crosstalk in epigenetic signaling to understand disease physiology. Biochem J 2023; 480:57-85. [PMID: 36630129 PMCID: PMC10152800 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetics, the inheritance of genomic information independent of DNA sequence, controls the interpretation of extracellular and intracellular signals in cell homeostasis, proliferation and differentiation. On the chromatin level, signal transduction leads to changes in epigenetic marks, such as histone post-translational modifications (PTMs), DNA methylation and chromatin accessibility to regulate gene expression. Crosstalk between different epigenetic mechanisms, such as that between histone PTMs and DNA methylation, leads to an intricate network of chromatin-binding proteins where pre-existing epigenetic marks promote or inhibit the writing of new marks. The recent technical advances in mass spectrometry (MS) -based proteomic methods and in genome-wide DNA sequencing approaches have broadened our understanding of epigenetic networks greatly. However, further development and wider application of these methods is vital in developing treatments for disorders and pathologies that are driven by epigenetic dysregulation.
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7
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He F, Yu Q, Wang M, Wang R, Gong X, Ge F, Yu X, Li S. SESAME-catalyzed H3T11 phosphorylation inhibits Dot1-catalyzed H3K79me3 to regulate autophagy and telomere silencing. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7526. [PMID: 36473858 PMCID: PMC9726891 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35182-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycolytic enzyme, pyruvate kinase Pyk1 maintains telomere heterochromatin by phosphorylating histone H3T11 (H3pT11), which promotes SIR (silent information regulator) complex binding at telomeres and prevents autophagy-mediated Sir2 degradation. However, the exact mechanism of action for H3pT11 is poorly understood. Here, we report that H3pT11 directly inhibits Dot1-catalyzed H3K79 tri-methylation (H3K79me3) and uncover how this histone crosstalk regulates autophagy and telomere silencing. Mechanistically, Pyk1-catalyzed H3pT11 directly reduces the binding of Dot1 to chromatin and inhibits Dot1-catalyzed H3K79me3, which leads to transcriptional repression of autophagy genes and reduced autophagy. Despite the antagonism between H3pT11 and H3K79me3, they work together to promote the binding of SIR complex at telomeres to maintain telomere silencing. Furthermore, we identify Reb1 as a telomere-associated factor that recruits Pyk1-containing SESAME (Serine-responsive SAM-containing Metabolic Enzyme) complex to telomere regions to phosphorylate H3T11 and prevent the invasion of H3K79me3 from euchromatin into heterochromatin to maintain telomere silencing. Together, these results uncover a histone crosstalk and provide insights into dynamic regulation of silent heterochromatin and autophagy in response to cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei He
- grid.34418.3a0000 0001 0727 9022State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062 China
| | - Qi Yu
- grid.34418.3a0000 0001 0727 9022State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062 China
| | - Min Wang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430072 China
| | - Rongsha Wang
- grid.34418.3a0000 0001 0727 9022State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062 China
| | - Xuanyunjing Gong
- grid.34418.3a0000 0001 0727 9022State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062 China
| | - Feng Ge
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430072 China
| | - Xilan Yu
- grid.34418.3a0000 0001 0727 9022State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062 China
| | - Shanshan Li
- grid.34418.3a0000 0001 0727 9022State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062 China
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8
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Kwesi-Maliepaard EM, Malik M, van Welsem T, van Doorn R, Vermeer MH, Vlaming H, Jacobs H, van Leeuwen F. DOT1L inhibition does not modify the sensitivity of cutaneous T cell lymphoma to pan-HDAC inhibitors in vitro. Front Genet 2022; 13:1032958. [PMID: 36425063 PMCID: PMC9681147 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1032958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) are a subset of T-cell malignancies presenting in the skin. The treatment options for CTCL, in particular in advanced stages, are limited. One of the emerging therapies for CTCL is treatment with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. We recently discovered an evolutionarily conserved crosstalk between HDAC1, one of the targets of HDAC inhibitors, and the histone methyltransferase DOT1L. HDAC1 negatively regulates DOT1L activity in yeast, mouse thymocytes, and mouse thymic lymphoma. Here we studied the functional relationship between HDAC inhibitors and DOT1L in two human CTCL cell lines, specifically addressing the question whether the crosstalk between DOT1L and HDAC1 observed in mouse T cells plays a role in the therapeutic effect of clinically relevant broad-acting HDAC inhibitors in the treatment of human CTCL. We confirmed that human CTCL cell lines were sensitive to treatment with pan-HDAC inhibitors. In contrast, the cell lines were not sensitive to DOT1L inhibitors. Combining both types of inhibitors did neither enhance nor suppress the inhibitory effect of HDAC inhibitors on CTCL cells. Thus our in vitro studies suggest that the effect of commonly used pan-HDAC inhibitors in CTCL cells relies on downstream effects other than DOT1L misregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muddassir Malik
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tibor van Welsem
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Remco van Doorn
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Maarten H. Vermeer
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Hanneke Vlaming
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Heinz Jacobs
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Fred van Leeuwen
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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9
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Bioinformatic Analyses of Broad H3K79me2 Domains in Different Leukemia Cell Line Data Sets. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182830. [PMID: 36139405 PMCID: PMC9496709 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A subset of expressed genes is associated with a broad H3K4me3 (histone H3 trimethylated at lysine 4) domain that extends throughout the gene body. Genes marked in this way in normal cells are involved in cell-identity and tumor-suppressor activities, whereas in cancer cells, genes driving the cancer phenotype (oncogenes) have this feature. Other histone modifications associated with expressed genes that display a broad domain have been less studied. Here, we identified genes with the broadest H3K79me2 (histone H3 dimethylated at lysine 79) domain in human leukemic cell lines representing different forms of leukemia. Taking a bioinformatic approach, we provide evidence that genes with the broadest H3K79me2 domain have known roles in leukemia (e.g., JMJD1C). In the mixed-lineage leukemia cell line MOLM-13, the HOXA9 gene is in a 100 kb broad H3K79me2 domain with other HOXA protein-coding and oncogenic long non-coding RNA genes. The genes in this domain contribute to leukemia. This broad H3K79me2 domain has an unstable chromatin structure, as was evident by enhanced chromatin accessibility throughout. Together, we provide evidence that identification of genes with the broadest H3K79me2 domain will aid in generating a panel of genes in the diagnosis and therapeutic treatment of leukemia in the future.
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10
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Liu Y, Chen C, Wang X, Sun Y, Zhang J, Chen J, Shi Y. An Epigenetic Role of Mitochondria in Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162518. [PMID: 36010594 PMCID: PMC9406960 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are not only the main energy supplier but are also the cell metabolic center regulating multiple key metaborates that play pivotal roles in epigenetics regulation. These metabolites include acetyl-CoA, α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), S-adenosyl methionine (SAM), NAD+, and O-linked beta-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), which are the main substrates for DNA methylation and histone post-translation modifications, essential for gene transcriptional regulation and cell fate determination. Tumorigenesis is attributed to many factors, including gene mutations and tumor microenvironment. Mitochondria and epigenetics play essential roles in tumor initiation, evolution, metastasis, and recurrence. Targeting mitochondrial metabolism and epigenetics are promising therapeutic strategies for tumor treatment. In this review, we summarize the roles of mitochondria in key metabolites required for epigenetics modification and in cell fate regulation and discuss the current strategy in cancer therapies via targeting epigenetic modifiers and related enzymes in metabolic regulation. This review is an important contribution to the understanding of the current metabolic-epigenetic-tumorigenesis concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu’e Liu
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xinye Wang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yihong Sun
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Juxiang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yufeng Shi
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Clinical Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (Y.S.)
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11
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Xu B, Zhang C, Jiang A, Zhang X, Liang F, Wang X, Li D, Liu C, Liu X, Xia J, Li Y, Wang Y, Yang Z, Chen J, Zhou Y, Chen L, Sun H. Histone methyltransferase Dot1L recruits O-GlcNAc transferase to target chromatin sites to regulate histone O-GlcNAcylation. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102115. [PMID: 35690146 PMCID: PMC9283943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is the distinctive enzyme responsible for catalyzing O-GlcNAc addition to the serine or threonine residues of thousands of cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins involved in such basic cellular processes as DNA damage repair, RNA splicing, and transcription preinitiation and initiation complex assembly. However, the molecular mechanism by which OGT regulates gene transcription remains elusive. Using proximity labeling-based mass spectrometry, here, we searched for functional partners of OGT and identified interacting protein Dot1L, a conserved and unique histone methyltransferase known to mediate histone H3 Lys79 methylation, which is required for gene transcription, DNA damage repair, cell proliferation, and embryo development. Although this specific interaction with OGT does not regulate the enzymatic activity of Dot1L, we show that it does facilitate OGT-dependent histone O-GlcNAcylation. Moreover, we demonstrate that OGT associates with Dot1L at transcription start sites and that depleting Dot1L decreases OGT associated with chromatin globally. Notably, we also show that downregulation of Dot1L reduces the levels of histone H2B S112 O-GlcNAcylation and histone H2B K120 ubiquitination in vivo, which are associated with gene transcription regulation. Taken together, these results reveal that O-GlcNAcylation of chromatin is dependent on Dot1L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, China
| | - Can Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ao Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xianhong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, China
| | - Fenfei Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xueqing Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, China
| | - Danni Li
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chenglong Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jing Xia
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yirong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zelan Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jia Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, China
| | - Liang Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Hui Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, China; Hubei Province key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, China.
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12
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Molenaar TM, van Leeuwen F. SETD2: from chromatin modifier to multipronged regulator of the genome and beyond. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:346. [PMID: 35661267 PMCID: PMC9167812 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04352-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Histone modifying enzymes play critical roles in many key cellular processes and are appealing proteins for targeting by small molecules in disease. However, while the functions of histone modifying enzymes are often linked to epigenetic regulation of the genome, an emerging theme is that these enzymes often also act by non-catalytic and/or non-epigenetic mechanisms. SETD2 (Set2 in yeast) is best known for associating with the transcription machinery and methylating histone H3 on lysine 36 (H3K36) during transcription. This well-characterized molecular function of SETD2 plays a role in fine-tuning transcription, maintaining chromatin integrity, and mRNA processing. Here we give an overview of the various molecular functions and mechanisms of regulation of H3K36 methylation by Set2/SETD2. These fundamental insights are important to understand SETD2’s role in disease, most notably in cancer in which SETD2 is frequently inactivated. SETD2 also methylates non-histone substrates such as α-tubulin which may promote genome stability and contribute to the tumor-suppressor function of SETD2. Thus, to understand its role in disease, it is important to understand and dissect the multiple roles of SETD2 within the cell. In this review we discuss how histone methylation by Set2/SETD2 has led the way in connecting histone modifications in active regions of the genome to chromatin functions and how SETD2 is leading the way to showing that we also have to look beyond histones to truly understand the physiological role of an ‘epigenetic’ writer enzyme in normal cells and in disease.
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13
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Kwesi-Maliepaard EM, Jacobs H, van Leeuwen F. Signals for antigen-independent differentiation of memory CD8 + T cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:6395-6408. [PMID: 34398252 PMCID: PMC8558200 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03912-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Conventional CD8+ memory T cells develop upon stimulation with foreign antigen and provide increased protection upon re-challenge. Over the past two decades, new subsets of CD8+ T cells have been identified that acquire memory features independently of antigen exposure. These antigen-inexperienced memory T cells (TAIM) are described under several names including innate memory, virtual memory, and memory phenotype. TAIM cells exhibit characteristics of conventional or true memory cells, including antigen-specific responses. In addition, they show responsiveness to innate stimuli and have been suggested to provide additional levels of protection toward infections and cancer. Here, we discuss the current understanding of TAIM cells, focusing on extrinsic and intrinsic molecular conditions that favor their development, their molecular definitions and immunological properties, as well as their transcriptional and epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heinz Jacobs
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fred van Leeuwen
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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14
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Zhang LL, Li Q, Zhong DS, Zhang WJ, Sun XJ, Zhu Y. MCM5 Aggravates the HDAC1-Mediated Malignant Progression of Lung Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:669132. [PMID: 34409025 PMCID: PMC8366603 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.669132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) is essential in the malignant progression of tumors. However, there is no obvious relationship between the expression of HDAC1 and the survival of lung cancer patients. Herein, we explored the involvement of minichromosome maintenance complex component 5 (MCM5) and HDAC1 interaction in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-dependent malignant progression of lung cancer. Methods We analyzed the expression of MCM5 and HDAC1 in The Cancer Genome Atlas database and clinical samples, as well as their impact on patient survival. Cell and animal experiments were performed to verify the promotion of EMT in lung cancer cells mediated by MCM5 and HDAC1. Results We found that lung adenocarcinoma patients with high expression of MCM5 and HDAC1 had poor survival time. Overexpression of MCM5 and HDAC1 in A549 and H1975 cells can promote proliferation and invasion in vitro and tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Moreover, astragaloside IV can block the interaction between HDAC1 and MCM5, which can then inhibit the malignant progression of lung cancer in vivo and in vitro. Conclusion The interaction between MCM5 and HDAC1 aggravated the EMT-dependent malignant progression of lung cancer. Astragaloside IV can block the interaction between MCM5 and HDAC1 to inhibit the progression of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Dian-Sheng Zhong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei-Jian Zhang
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Sun
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin, China
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15
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Ready, SET, Go: Post-translational regulation of the histone lysine methylation network in budding yeast. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100939. [PMID: 34224729 PMCID: PMC8329514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone lysine methylation is a key epigenetic modification that regulates eukaryotic transcription. Here, we comprehensively review the function and regulation of the histone methylation network in the budding yeast and model eukaryote, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. First, we outline the lysine methylation sites that are found on histone proteins in yeast (H3K4me1/2/3, H3K36me1/2/3, H3K79me1/2/3, and H4K5/8/12me1) and discuss their biological and cellular roles. Next, we detail the reduced but evolutionarily conserved suite of methyltransferase (Set1p, Set2p, Dot1p, and Set5p) and demethylase (Jhd1p, Jhd2p, Rph1p, and Gis1p) enzymes that are known to control histone lysine methylation in budding yeast cells. Specifically, we illustrate the domain architecture of the methylation enzymes and highlight the structural features that are required for their respective functions and molecular interactions. Finally, we discuss the prevalence of post-translational modifications on yeast histone methylation enzymes and how phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination in particular are emerging as key regulators of enzyme function. We note that it will be possible to completely connect the histone methylation network to the cell’s signaling system, given that all methylation sites and cognate enzymes are known, most phosphosites on the enzymes are known, and the mapping of kinases to phosphosites is tractable owing to the modest set of protein kinases in yeast. Moving forward, we expect that the rich variety of post-translational modifications that decorates the histone methylation machinery will explain many of the unresolved questions surrounding the function and dynamics of this intricate epigenetic network.
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16
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Cutler JA, Perner F, Armstrong SA. Histone PTM Crosstalk Stimulates Dot1 Methyltransferase Activity. Trends Biochem Sci 2021; 46:522-524. [PMID: 33879367 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Valencia-Sánchez et al. have demonstrated that two histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) - H4K16 acetylation (H4K16ac) and H2BK120 ubiquitination (H2Bub) - enhance the methylation of H3K79 (H3K79me) by Dot1. This breakthrough indicates crosstalk between H4Kac/H2Bub/H3K79me and may improve our understanding of the role that Dot1/Dot1L plays in developmental processes and disease, including MLL1/KMT2A(MLL-r) leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jevon A Cutler
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Florian Perner
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Internal Medicine C, Greifswald University Medical Center, Greifswald 17475, Germany
| | - Scott A Armstrong
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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17
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Abstract
The genetic information of human cells is stored in the context of chromatin, which is subjected to DNA methylation and various histone modifications. Such a 'language' of chromatin modification constitutes a fundamental means of gene and (epi)genome regulation, underlying a myriad of cellular and developmental processes. In recent years, mounting evidence has demonstrated that miswriting, misreading or mis-erasing of the modification language embedded in chromatin represents a common, sometimes early and pivotal, event across a wide range of human cancers, contributing to oncogenesis through the induction of epigenetic, transcriptomic and phenotypic alterations. It is increasingly clear that cancer-related metabolic perturbations and oncohistone mutations also directly impact chromatin modification, thereby promoting cancerous transformation. Phase separation-based deregulation of chromatin modulators and chromatin structure is also emerging to be an important underpinning of tumorigenesis. Understanding the various molecular pathways that underscore a misregulated chromatin language in cancer, together with discovery and development of more effective drugs to target these chromatin-related vulnerabilities, will enhance treatment of human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhao
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - C David Allis
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology and Epigenetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gang Greg Wang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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18
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Dunphy K, Dowling P, Bazou D, O’Gorman P. Current Methods of Post-Translational Modification Analysis and Their Applications in Blood Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1930. [PMID: 33923680 PMCID: PMC8072572 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) add a layer of complexity to the proteome through the addition of biochemical moieties to specific residues of proteins, altering their structure, function and/or localization. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based techniques are at the forefront of PTM analysis due to their ability to detect large numbers of modified proteins with a high level of sensitivity and specificity. The low stoichiometry of modified peptides means fractionation and enrichment techniques are often performed prior to MS to improve detection yields. Immuno-based techniques remain popular, with improvements in the quality of commercially available modification-specific antibodies facilitating the detection of modified proteins with high affinity. PTM-focused studies on blood cancers have provided information on altered cellular processes, including cell signaling, apoptosis and transcriptional regulation, that contribute to the malignant phenotype. Furthermore, the mechanism of action of many blood cancer therapies, such as kinase inhibitors, involves inhibiting or modulating protein modifications. Continued optimization of protocols and techniques for PTM analysis in blood cancer will undoubtedly lead to novel insights into mechanisms of malignant transformation, proliferation, and survival, in addition to the identification of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This review discusses techniques used for PTM analysis and their applications in blood cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Dunphy
- Department of Biology, National University of Ireland, W23 F2K8 Maynooth, Ireland; (K.D.); (P.D.)
| | - Paul Dowling
- Department of Biology, National University of Ireland, W23 F2K8 Maynooth, Ireland; (K.D.); (P.D.)
| | - Despina Bazou
- Department of Haematology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, D07 WKW8 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Peter O’Gorman
- Department of Haematology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, D07 WKW8 Dublin, Ireland;
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19
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Fng1 is involved in crosstalk between histone acetylation and methylation. Curr Genet 2021; 67:535-538. [PMID: 33641041 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-021-01167-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The histone modifications usually form complicated networks to regulate accessibility of DNA and transcription. Identification of proteins that are involved in the crosstalk among different histone modifications will help to better understand the epigenetic regulatory network in eukaryotes. The Inhibitor of Growth (ING) proteins represent a tumor suppressor family were first linked to histone modification in yeast and their functions in epigenetic regulation were further characterized. This review summarizes the crosstalk of histone modification in fungi and describes recently achieved mechanistic insights into the role of Fng1 (an ING protein in filamentous ascomycetes) in this process. We conclude that Fng1 is involved in crosstalk among histone acetylation, deacetylation and methylation.
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20
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Valencia-Sánchez MI, De Ioannes P, Wang M, Truong DM, Lee R, Armache JP, Boeke JD, Armache KJ. Regulation of the Dot1 histone H3K79 methyltransferase by histone H4K16 acetylation. Science 2021; 371:371/6527/eabc6663. [PMID: 33479126 DOI: 10.1126/science.abc6663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dot1 (disruptor of telomeric silencing-1), the histone H3 lysine 79 (H3K79) methyltransferase, is conserved throughout evolution, and its deregulation is found in human leukemias. Here, we provide evidence that acetylation of histone H4 allosterically stimulates yeast Dot1 in a manner distinct from but coordinating with histone H2B ubiquitination (H2BUb). We further demonstrate that this stimulatory effect is specific to acetylation of lysine 16 (H4K16ac), a modification central to chromatin structure. We provide a mechanism of this histone cross-talk and show that H4K16ac and H2BUb play crucial roles in H3K79 di- and trimethylation in vitro and in vivo. These data reveal mechanisms that control H3K79 methylation and demonstrate how H4K16ac, H3K79me, and H2BUb function together to regulate gene transcription and gene silencing to ensure optimal maintenance and propagation of an epigenetic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Igor Valencia-Sánchez
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Pablo De Ioannes
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Miao Wang
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - David M Truong
- Institute for Systems Genetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Rachel Lee
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jean-Paul Armache
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Jef D Boeke
- Institute for Systems Genetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Karim-Jean Armache
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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21
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Aslam MA, Alemdehy MF, Kwesi-Maliepaard EM, Muhaimin FI, Caganova M, Pardieck IN, van den Brand T, van Welsem T, de Rink I, Song JY, de Wit E, Arens R, Jacobs H, van Leeuwen F. Histone methyltransferase DOT1L controls state-specific identity during B cell differentiation. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e51184. [PMID: 33410591 PMCID: PMC7857439 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of naïve peripheral B cells into terminally differentiated plasma cells is characterized by epigenetic alterations, yet the epigenetic mechanisms that control B‐cell fate remain unclear. Here, we identified a role for the histone H3K79 methyltransferase DOT1L in controlling B‐cell differentiation. Mouse B cells lacking Dot1L failed to establish germinal centers (GC) and normal humoral immune responses in vivo. In vitro, activated B cells in which Dot1L was deleted showed aberrant differentiation and prematurely acquired plasma cell characteristics. Similar results were obtained when DOT1L was chemically inhibited in mature B cells in vitro. Mechanistically, combined epigenomics and transcriptomics analysis revealed that DOT1L promotes expression of a pro‐proliferative, pro‐GC program. In addition, DOT1L indirectly supports the repression of an anti‐proliferative plasma cell differentiation program by maintaining the repression of Polycomb Repressor Complex 2 (PRC2) targets. Our findings show that DOT1L is a key modulator of the core transcriptional and epigenetic landscape in B cells, establishing an epigenetic barrier that warrants B‐cell naivety and GC B‐cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Assad Aslam
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Mir Farshid Alemdehy
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Iris N Pardieck
- Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Teun van den Brand
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Gene Regulation, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tibor van Welsem
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iris de Rink
- Genome Core Facility, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ji-Ying Song
- Division of Experimental Animal Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elzo de Wit
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Gene Regulation, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ramon Arens
- Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Heinz Jacobs
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fred van Leeuwen
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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22
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Kwesi-Maliepaard EM, Aslam MA, Alemdehy MF, van den Brand T, McLean C, Vlaming H, van Welsem T, Korthout T, Lancini C, Hendriks S, Ahrends T, van Dinther D, den Haan JMM, Borst J, de Wit E, van Leeuwen F, Jacobs H. The histone methyltransferase DOT1L prevents antigen-independent differentiation and safeguards epigenetic identity of CD8 + T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:20706-20716. [PMID: 32764145 PMCID: PMC7456197 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1920372117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T cell differentiation is guided by epigenome adaptations, but how epigenetic mechanisms control lymphocyte development has not been well defined. Here we show that the histone methyltransferase DOT1L, which marks the nucleosome core on active genes, safeguards normal differentiation of CD8+ T cells. T cell-specific ablation of Dot1L resulted in loss of naïve CD8+ T cells and premature differentiation toward a memory-like state, independent of antigen exposure and in a cell-intrinsic manner. Mechanistically, DOT1L controlled CD8+ T cell differentiation by ensuring normal T cell receptor density and signaling. DOT1L also maintained epigenetic identity, in part by indirectly supporting the repression of developmentally regulated genes. Finally, deletion of Dot1L in T cells resulted in an impaired immune response. Through our study, DOT1L is emerging as a central player in physiology of CD8+ T cells, acting as a barrier to prevent premature differentiation and controlling epigenetic integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Assad Aslam
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, 60800 Multan, Pakistan
| | - Mir Farshid Alemdehy
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teun van den Brand
- Division of Gene Regulation, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chelsea McLean
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanneke Vlaming
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tibor van Welsem
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tessy Korthout
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cesare Lancini
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd Hendriks
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tomasz Ahrends
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dieke van Dinther
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joke M M den Haan
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jannie Borst
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elzo de Wit
- Division of Gene Regulation, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fred van Leeuwen
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Heinz Jacobs
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
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23
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Poramba-Liyanage DW, Korthout T, Cucinotta CE, van Kruijsbergen I, van Welsem T, El Atmioui D, Ovaa H, Tsukiyama T, van Leeuwen F. Inhibition of transcription leads to rewiring of locus-specific chromatin proteomes. Genome Res 2020; 30:635-646. [PMID: 32188699 PMCID: PMC7197482 DOI: 10.1101/gr.256255.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transcription of a chromatin template involves the concerted interaction of many different proteins and protein complexes. Analyses of specific factors showed that these interactions change during stress and upon developmental switches. However, how the binding of multiple factors at any given locus is coordinated has been technically challenging to investigate. Here we used Epi-Decoder in yeast to systematically decode, at one transcribed locus, the chromatin binding changes of hundreds of proteins in parallel upon perturbation of transcription. By taking advantage of improved Epi-Decoder libraries, we observed broad rewiring of local chromatin proteomes following chemical inhibition of RNA polymerase. Rapid reduction of RNA polymerase II binding was accompanied by reduced binding of many other core transcription proteins and gain of chromatin remodelers. In quiescent cells, where strong transcriptional repression is induced by physiological signals, eviction of the core transcriptional machinery was accompanied by the appearance of quiescent cell–specific repressors and rewiring of the interactions of protein-folding factors and metabolic enzymes. These results show that Epi-Decoder provides a powerful strategy for capturing the temporal binding dynamics of multiple chromatin proteins under varying conditions and cell states. The systematic and comprehensive delineation of dynamic local chromatin proteomes will greatly aid in uncovering protein–protein relationships and protein functions at the chromatin template.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tessy Korthout
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christine E Cucinotta
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Ila van Kruijsbergen
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tibor van Welsem
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dris El Atmioui
- Leiden Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZC Leiden, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Huib Ovaa
- Leiden Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZC Leiden, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Toshio Tsukiyama
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Fred van Leeuwen
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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24
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van Kruijsbergen I, Mulder MPC, Uckelmann M, van Welsem T, de Widt J, Spanjaard A, Jacobs H, El Oualid F, Ovaa H, van Leeuwen F. Strategy for Development of Site-Specific Ubiquitin Antibodies. Front Chem 2020; 8:111. [PMID: 32154221 PMCID: PMC7047734 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein ubiquitination is a key post-translational modification regulating a wide range of biological processes. Ubiquitination involves the covalent attachment of the small protein ubiquitin to a lysine of a protein substrate. In addition to its well-established role in protein degradation, protein ubiquitination plays a role in protein-protein interactions, DNA repair, transcriptional regulation, and other cellular functions. Understanding the mechanisms and functional relevance of ubiquitin as a signaling system requires the generation of antibodies or alternative reagents that specifically detect ubiquitin in a site-specific manner. However, in contrast to other post-translational modifications such as acetylation, phosphorylation, and methylation, the instability and size of ubiquitin-76 amino acids-complicate the preparation of suitable antigens and the generation antibodies detecting such site-specific modifications. As a result, the field of ubiquitin research has limited access to specific antibodies. This severely hampers progress in understanding the regulation and function of site-specific ubiquitination in many areas of biology, specifically in epigenetics and cancer. Therefore, there is a high demand for antibodies recognizing site-specific ubiquitin modifications. Here we describe a strategy for the development of site-specific ubiquitin antibodies. Based on a recently developed antibody against site-specific ubiquitination of histone H2B, we provide detailed protocols for chemical synthesis methods for antigen preparation and discuss considerations for screening and quality control experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ila van Kruijsbergen
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Monique P C Mulder
- Leiden Institute for Chemical Immunology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Michael Uckelmann
- Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tibor van Welsem
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - John de Widt
- Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Aldo Spanjaard
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Heinz Jacobs
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Huib Ovaa
- Leiden Institute for Chemical Immunology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Fred van Leeuwen
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Yang L, Lei Q, Li L, Yang J, Dong Z, Cui H. Silencing or inhibition of H3K79 methyltransferase DOT1L induces cell cycle arrest by epigenetically modulating c-Myc expression in colorectal cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:199. [PMID: 31888761 PMCID: PMC6937672 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0778-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic regulations play pivotal roles in tumorigenesis and cancer development. Disruptor of telomeric silencing-1-like (DOT1L), also known as KMT4, is the only identified histone methyltransferase that catalyzes the mono-, di-, and tri-methylation of lysine 79 histone 3 (H3K79). However, little is known about the effect of H3K79 methylation on the modulation of colorectal cancer (CRC) development. METHODS DOT1L expression profiles in different subgroups of CRC tissues and its clinical significances were analyzed from some online datasheets. DOT1L in CRC cell lines was silenced by either lentivirus-mediated knockdown or inhibited by its specific inhibitor, EPZ004777. Then cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay, BrdU assay, and soft agar assay; cell cycle was detected by cytometry; and tumorigenicity was detected by using nude mice xenograft models. Clinical co-expression was analyzed between DOT1L and c-Myc. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay was used to determine whether the translation of c-Myc was epigenetically regulated by H3K79me2 induced by DOT1L. c-Myc overexpression was used to rescue the cell cycle arrest and tumor growth induced by DOT1L silencing or inhibition in CRC. RESULTS We found that DOT1L was highly expressed in colorectal cancer and was negatively related to the prognosis of patients with CRC. Silencing or inhibition of DOT1L blocked cell proliferation, BrdU incorporation, self-renewal capability in vitro, and tumorigenicity in vivo. Besides, inhibition or silencing of DOT1L also induced cell cycle arrest at S phase, as well as decreased the expression of CDK2 and Cyclin A2. Furthermore, in the clinical databases of CRC, we found that the expression of DOT1L was positively correlated with that of c-Myc, a major regulator in the upstream of cell cycle-related factors. Besides, c-Myc expression was downregulated after DOT1L knockdown and c-Myc restoration rescued decrease of cell proliferation, BrdU corporation, self-renewal capability, cell cycle progression in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo induced by DOT1L silencing. Then we found that H3K79 methylation was decreased after DOT1L knockdown. ChIP assay showed that H3K79me2 was enriched on the - 682~+ 284 region of c-Myc promoter, and the enrichment was decreased after DOT1L inhibition. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that DOT1L epigenetically promotes the transcription of c-Myc via H3K79me2. DOT1L silencing or inhibition induces cell cycle arrest at S phase. DOT1L is a potential marker for colorectal cancer and EPZ004777 may be a potential drug for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, No.2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Qian Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, No.2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, No.2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, No.2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Zhen Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, No.2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400716, China. .,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400716, China. .,Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400716, China. .,Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400716, China.
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, No.2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400716, China. .,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400716, China. .,Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400716, China. .,Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400716, China.
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Sarno F, Nebbioso A, Altucci L. DOT1L: a key target in normal chromatin remodelling and in mixed-lineage leukaemia treatment. Epigenetics 2019; 15:439-453. [PMID: 31790636 PMCID: PMC7188393 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2019.1699991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylation of histone 3 at lysine 79 (H3K79) is one of the principal mechanisms involved in gene expression. The histone methyltransferase DOT1L, which mono-, di- and trimethylates H3K79 using S-adenosyl-L-methionine as a co-factor, is involved in cell development, cell cycle progression, and DNA damage repair. However, changes in normal expression levels of this enzyme are found in prostate, breast, and ovarian cancer. High levels of H3K79me are also detected in acute myeloid leukaemia patients bearing MLL rearrangements (MLL-r). MLL translocations are found in approximately 80% of paediatric patients, leading to poor prognosis. DOT1L is recruited on DNA and induces hyperexpression of HOXA9 and MEIS1. Based on these findings, selective drugs have been developed to induce apoptosis in MLL-r leukaemia cells by specifically inhibiting DOT1L. The most potent DOT1L inhibitor pinometostat has been investigated in Phase I clinical trials for treatment of paediatric and adult patients with MLL-driven leukaemia, showing promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Sarno
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Angela Nebbioso
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" Napoli, Napoli, Italy
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Salgado C, Kwesi-Maliepaard EM, Jochemsen AG, Visser M, Harland M, van Leeuwen F, van Doorn R, Gruis N. A novel germline variant in the DOT1L gene co-segregating in a Dutch family with a history of melanoma. Melanoma Res 2019; 29:582-589. [DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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