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Rossi M, De Martino V, Di Giuseppe L, Battafarano G, Di Gregorio J, Terreri S, Marampon F, Minisola S, Del Fattore A. Anti-proliferative, pro-apototic and anti-migratory properties of HDAC inhibitor PXD-101 on osteosarcoma cell lines. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 734:109489. [PMID: 36526001 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic strategies for osteosarcoma involve both surgical approach and chemotherapy, but the identification of new therapeutic targets is particularly necessary in patients with local chemo-resistance, recurrence and lung metastases. The role of epigenetic regulation in osteosarcoma is largely unknown. Thus, in this study we disclosed the effects of histone deacetylase inhibitor drug PXD-101 on human osteosarcoma (OS) cell lines with different aggressiveness, including Saos-2, HOS and 143B cell lines. XTT assays revealed that treatment of Saos-2, HOS and 143B cells with PXD-101 decreased cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis showed that PXD-101 inhibited proliferation and induced cell apoptosis. Wound healing assay indicated that PXD-101 inhibited migration of osteosarcoma cells. Real-Time RT-qPCR and protein analysis highlighted reduced expression of Runx2, Osterix and Mad2, probably due to Cyclin B1 inhibition by PXD-101 treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first study that characterized the anti-tumoral effect of PXD-101 in OS cells, suggesting a potential new therapeutic approach in osteosarcoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Rossi
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, viale San Paolo 15, 00146, Rome, Italy.
| | - Viviana De Martino
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anaesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, "Sapienza" University, viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Laura Di Giuseppe
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anaesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, "Sapienza" University, viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giulia Battafarano
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, viale San Paolo 15, 00146, Rome, Italy.
| | - Jacopo Di Gregorio
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anaesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, "Sapienza" University, viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Sara Terreri
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, viale San Paolo 15, 00146, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesco Marampon
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, "Sapienza" University, viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Minisola
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anaesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, "Sapienza" University, viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea Del Fattore
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, viale San Paolo 15, 00146, Rome, Italy.
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Fischer ES. Kinetochore‐catalyzed MCC
formation: A structural perspective. IUBMB Life 2022; 75:289-310. [PMID: 36518060 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is a cellular surveillance mechanism that functions to ensure accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis. Macromolecular complexes known as kinetochores, act as the interface of sister chromatid attachment to spindle microtubules. In response to unattached kinetochores, the SAC activates its effector, the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC), which delays mitotic exit until all sister chromatid pairs have achieved successful attachment to the bipolar mitotic spindle. Formation of the MCC (composed of Mad2, BubR1, Bub3 and Cdc20) is regulated by an Mps1 kinase-dependent phosphorylation signaling cascade which assembles and repositions components of the MCC onto a catalytic scaffold. This scaffold functions to catalyze the conversion of the HORMA-domain protein Mad2 from an "inactive" open-state (O-Mad2) into an "active" closed-Mad2 (C-Mad2), and simultaneous Cdc20 binding. Here, our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the kinetic barrier to C-Mad2:Cdc20 formation will be reviewed. Recent progress in elucidating the precise molecular choreography orchestrated by the catalytic scaffold to rapidly assemble the MCC will be examined, and unresolved questions will be highlighted. Ultimately, understanding how the SAC rapidly activates the checkpoint not only provides insights into how cells maintain genomic integrity during mitosis, but also provides a paradigm for how cells can utilize molecular switches, including other HORMA domain-containing proteins, to make rapid changes to a cell's physiological state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyse S. Fischer
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Cambridge UK
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Cunha-Silva S, Conde C. From the Nuclear Pore to the Fibrous Corona: A MAD Journey to Preserve Genome Stability. Bioessays 2020; 42:e2000132. [PMID: 32885448 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between kinetochores and nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) is intimate but poorly understood. Several NPC components and associated proteins are relocated to mitotic kinetochores to assist in different activities that ensure faithful chromosome segregation. Such is the case of the Mad1-c-Mad2 complex, the catalytic core of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), a surveillance pathway that delays anaphase until all kinetochores are attached to spindle microtubules. Mad1-c-Mad2 is recruited to discrete domains of unattached kinetochores from where it promotes the rate-limiting step in the assembly of anaphase-inhibitory complexes. SAC proficiency further requires Mad1-c-Mad2 to be anchored at NPCs during interphase. However, the mechanistic relevance of this arrangement for SAC function remains ill-defined. Recent studies uncover the molecular underpinnings that coordinate the release of Mad1-c-Mad2 from NPCs with its prompt recruitment to kinetochores. Here, current knowledge on Mad1-c-Mad2 function and spatiotemporal regulation is reviewed and the critical questions that remain unanswered are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Cunha-Silva
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal.,IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal.,Programa Doutoral em Biologia Molecular e Celular (MCbiology), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Carlos Conde
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal.,IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
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Abstract
The spindle checkpoint protects against aneuploidy by ensuring that dividing cells only proceed with chromosome segregation once all kinetochores are stably attached to spindle microtubules. The checkpoint protein MAD1 localizes to the corona, a structural expansion of the kinetochore forming in the absence of microtubule attachment, but molecular mechanism or functional significance of this localization remains unknown. Recent results now show that cyclin B1 recruits MAD1 to the corona and that this MAD1 pool is required for robust checkpoint signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Conde
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde-i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Reto Gassmann
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde-i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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