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Chitty C, Kuliga K, Xue WF. Atomic force microscopy 3D structural reconstruction of individual particles in the study of amyloid protein assemblies. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:761-771. [PMID: 38600027 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Recent developments in atomic force microscopy (AFM) image analysis have made three-dimensional (3D) structural reconstruction of individual particles observed on 2D AFM height images a reality. Here, we review the emerging contact point reconstruction AFM (CPR-AFM) methodology and its application in 3D reconstruction of individual helical amyloid filaments in the context of the challenges presented by the structural analysis of highly polymorphous and heterogeneous amyloid protein structures. How individual particle-level structural analysis can contribute to resolving the amyloid polymorph structure-function relationships, the environmental triggers leading to protein misfolding and aggregation into amyloid species, the influences by the conditions or minor fluctuations in the initial monomeric protein structure on the speed of amyloid fibril formation, and the extent of the different types of amyloid species that can be formed, are discussed. Future perspectives in the capabilities of AFM-based 3D structural reconstruction methodology exploiting synergies with other recent AFM technology advances are also discussed to highlight the potential of AFM as an emergent general, accessible and multimodal structural biology tool for the analysis of individual biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Chitty
- Division of Natural Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, CT2 7NJ Canterbury, U.K
| | - Kinga Kuliga
- Division of Natural Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, CT2 7NJ Canterbury, U.K
| | - Wei-Feng Xue
- Division of Natural Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, CT2 7NJ Canterbury, U.K
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2
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Banerjee S, Baghel D, Edmonds HO, Ghosh A. Heterotypic Seeding Generates Mixed Amyloid Polymorphs. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.15.585264. [PMID: 38559069 PMCID: PMC10980072 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.15.585264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Aggregation of the amyloid β (Aβ) peptide into fibrils represents one of the major biochemical pathways underlying the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Extensive studies have been carried out to understand the role of fibrillar seeds on the overall kinetics of amyloid aggregation. However, the precise effect of seeds that are structurally or sequentially different from Aβ on the structure of the resulting amyloid aggregates is yet to be fully understood. In this work, we use nanoscale infrared spectroscopy to probe the spectral facets of individual aggregates formed by aggregating Aβ42 with antiparallel fibrillar seeds of Aβ (16-22) and E22Q Aβ (1-40) Dutch mutant and demonstrate that Aβ can form heterotypic or mixed polymorphs that deviate significantly from its expected parallel cross β structure. We further show that formation of heterotypic aggregates is not limited to coaggregation of Aβ and its isomers, and that the former can form heterotypic fibrils with alpha synuclein and brain protein lysates. These findings highlight the complexity of Aβ aggregation in AD and underscore the need to explore how Aβ interacts with other brain components, which is crucial for developing better therapeutic strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, 1007E Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - D. Baghel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, 1007E Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - H. O. Edmonds
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, 1007E Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Ayanjeet Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, 1007E Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
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3
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Nutini A. Amyloid oligomers and their membrane toxicity - A perspective study. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 187:9-20. [PMID: 38211711 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Amyloidosis is a condition involving a disparate group of pathologies characterized by the extracellular deposition of insoluble fibrils composed of broken-down proteins. These proteins can accumulate locally, causing peculiar symptoms, or in a widespread way, involving many organs and. causing severe systemic failure. The damage that is created is related not only to the accumulation of. amyloid fibrils but above all to the precursor oligomers of the fibrils that manage to enter the cell in a very particular way. This article analyzes the current state of research related to the entry of these oligomers into the cell membrane and the theories related to their toxicity. The paper proposed here not only aims to review the contents in the literature but also proposes a new vision of amyloid toxicity. that could occur in a multiphase process catalyzed by the cell membrane itself. In this process, the denaturation of the lipid bilayer is followed by the stabilization of a pore through energetically favorable self-assembly processes which are achieved through particular oligomeric structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Nutini
- Biology and Biomechanics Dept - Centro Studi Attività Motorie, Italy.
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4
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Vontell RT, Gober R, Dallmeier J, Brzostowicki D, Barreda A, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Kvartsberg H, Gultekin SH, de Rivero Vaccari JP, Bramlett HM, Dietrich WD, Keane RW, Davis DA, Rundek T, Sun X. Association of region-specific hippocampal reduction of neurogranin with inflammasome proteins in post mortem brains of Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2024; 10:e12444. [PMID: 38356472 PMCID: PMC10865487 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neurogranin (Ng) is considered a biomarker for synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In contrast, the inflammasome complex has been shown to exacerbate AD pathology. METHODS We investigated the protein expression, morphological differences of Ng, and correlated Ng to hyperphosphorylated tau in the post mortem brains of 17 AD cases and 17 age- and sex-matched controls. In addition, we correlated the Ng expression with two different epitopes of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC). RESULTS We show a reduction of Ng immunopositive neurons and morphological differences in AD compared to controls. Ng immunostaining was negatively correlated with neurofibrillary tangles, humanized anti-ASC (IC100) positive neurons and anti-ASC positive microglia, in AD. DISCUSSION The finding of a negative correlation between Ng and ASC speck protein expression in post mortem brains of AD suggests that the activation of inflammasome/ASC speck pathway may play an important role in synaptic degeneration in AD. Highlights We show the role that neurogranin plays on post-synaptic signaling in specific hippocampal regions.We demonstrate that there could be clinical implications of using neurogranin as a biomarker for dementia.We describe the loss of plasticity and neuronal scaffolding proteins in the present of AD pathology.We show the response of neuroinflammation when tau proteins phosphorylate in hippocampal neurons.We show that there is a potential therapeutic target for the inflammasome, and future studies may show that IC100, a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against ASC, may slow the progression of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina T. Vontell
- Department of Neurology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain InstituteUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
- Brain Endowment BankUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Ryan Gober
- Brain Endowment BankUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Julian Dallmeier
- Brain Endowment BankUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Daniel Brzostowicki
- Brain Endowment BankUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Ayled Barreda
- Brain Endowment BankUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and Physiologythe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgMölndalSweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University HospitalSahlgrenska University Hospital/Molndal V‐husetMolndalSweden
- Paris Brain InstituteICMPitié‐Salpêtrière HospitalSorbonne UniversityParisFrance
- Neurodegenerative Disorder Research CenterDivision of Life Sciences and Medicineand Department of NeurologyInstitute on Aging and Brain DisordersUniversity of Science and Technology of China and First Affiliated Hospital of USTCHefeiP.R. China
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and Physiologythe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgMölndalSweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University HospitalSahlgrenska University Hospital/Molndal V‐husetMolndalSweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative DiseaseUCL Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCLLondonUK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesHong KongChina
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Hlin Kvartsberg
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and Physiologythe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgMölndalSweden
| | - Sakir Humayun Gultekin
- Brain Endowment BankUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure ParalysisUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and AgingUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Helen M. Bramlett
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure ParalysisUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
- Bruce W. Carter Department of Veterans Affairs Medical CenterMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - W. Dalton Dietrich
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure ParalysisUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Robert W. Keane
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure ParalysisUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and AgingUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - David A. Davis
- Department of Neurology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain InstituteUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
- Brain Endowment BankUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Tatjana Rundek
- Department of Neurology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain InstituteUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Department of Neurology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain InstituteUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
- Brain Endowment BankUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
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5
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Louros N, Schymkowitz J, Rousseau F. Mechanisms and pathology of protein misfolding and aggregation. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:912-933. [PMID: 37684425 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00647-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in machine learning-based protein structure prediction, we are still far from fully understanding how proteins fold into their native conformation. The conventional notion that polypeptides fold spontaneously to their biologically active states has gradually been replaced by our understanding that cellular protein folding often requires context-dependent guidance from molecular chaperones in order to avoid misfolding. Misfolded proteins can aggregate into larger structures, such as amyloid fibrils, which perpetuate the misfolding process, creating a self-reinforcing cascade. A surge in amyloid fibril structures has deepened our comprehension of how a single polypeptide sequence can exhibit multiple amyloid conformations, known as polymorphism. The assembly of these polymorphs is not a random process but is influenced by the specific conditions and tissues in which they originate. This observation suggests that, similar to the folding of native proteins, the kinetics of pathological amyloid assembly are modulated by interactions specific to cells and tissues. Here, we review the current understanding of how intrinsic protein conformational propensities are modulated by physiological and pathological interactions in the cell to shape protein misfolding and aggregation pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Louros
- Switch Laboratory, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joost Schymkowitz
- Switch Laboratory, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Frederic Rousseau
- Switch Laboratory, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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6
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Tang Y, Zhang D, Chang Y, Zheng J. Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Associated with Cardiovascular Diseases Inhibits Amyloid-β Aggregation via Cross-Seeding. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:312-322. [PMID: 36577130 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Both cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) share some common risk factors (e.g., age, obesity, oxidative stress, inflammation, hypertension) that contribute to their overlapping pathogenesis, indicating a "head-to-heart" pathological connection between CVDs and AD. To explore this potential connection at the protein level, we study the potential cross-seeding (heterotypic interactions) between CVD-associated atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and AD-associated β-amyloid (Aβ). Collective aggregation and cell assays demonstrate the cross-seeding of ANP with different Aβ species including monomers, oligomers, and fibrils with high binding affinity (KD = 1.234-1.797 μM) in a dose-dependent manner. Such ANP-induced cross-seeding also modifies the Aβ aggregation pathway, fibril morphology, and cell deposition pattern by inhibiting Aβ fibrillization from small aggregates, disassembling preformed Aβ fibrils, and alleviating Aβ-associated cytotoxicity. Finally, using transgenic C. elegans worms that express the human muscle-specific Aβ1-42, ANP can also effectively delay Aβ-induced worm paralysis, decrease Aβ plaques in worm brains, and reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, confirming its in vivo inhibition ability to prevent neurodevelopmental toxicity in worms. This work discovers not only a new cross-seeding system between the two disease-related proteins but also a new finding that ANP possesses a new biological function as an Aβ inhibitor in the nonaggregated state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Tang
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Yung Chang
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology and Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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7
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Vontell RT, de Rivero Vaccari JP, Sun X, Gultekin SH, Bramlett HM, Dietrich WD, Keane RW. Identification of inflammasome signaling proteins in neurons and microglia in early and intermediate stages of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Pathol 2022:e13142. [PMID: 36579934 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that destroys memory and cognitive function. Inflammasome activation has been suggested to play a critical role in the neuroinflammatory response in AD progression, but the cell-type expression of inflammasome proteins in the brain has not been fully characterized. In this study, we used samples from the hippocampus formation, the subiculum, and the entorhinal cortex brain from 17 donors with low-level AD pathology and 17 intermediate AD donors to assess the expression of inflammasome proteins. We performed analysis of hippocampal thickness, β-amyloid plaques, and hyperphosphorylated tau to ascertain the cellular pathological changes that occur between low and intermediate AD pathology. Next, we determined changes in the cells that express the inflammasome sensor proteins NOD-like receptor proteins (NLRP) 1 and 3, and caspase-1. In addition, we stained section with IC100, a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the inflammasome adaptor protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), and a commercially available anti-ASC antibody. Our results indicate that hippocampal cortical thickness did not significantly change between low and intermediate AD pathology, but there was an increase in pTau and β-amyloid clusters in intermediate AD cases. NLRP3 was identified mainly in microglial populations, whereas NLRP1 was seen in neuronal cytoplasmic regions. There was a significant increase of ASC in neurons labeled by IC100, whereas microglia in the hippocampus and subiculum were labeled with the commercial anti-ASC antibody. Caspase-1 was present in the parenchyma in the CA regions where amyloid and pTau were identified. Together, our results indicate increased inflammasome protein expression in the early pathological stages of AD, that IC100 identifies neurons in early stages of AD and that ASC expression correlates with Aβ and pTau in postmortem AD brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina T Vontell
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Brain Endowment Bank, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Brain Endowment Bank, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Sakir Humayun Gultekin
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Brain Endowment Bank, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Helen M Bramlett
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Bruce W. Carter Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - W Dalton Dietrich
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Robert W Keane
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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8
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Kim S, Nam Y, Shin SJ, Prajapati R, Shin SM, Kim MJ, soo Kim H, Leem SH, Kim TJ, Park YH, Kim JJ, Choi JS, Moon M. Dual modulators of aggregation and dissociation of amyloid beta and tau: In vitro, in vivo, and in silico studies of Uncaria rhynchophylla and its bioactive components. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113865. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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9
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Insights into Network of Hot Spots of Aggregation in Nucleophosmin 1. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314704. [PMID: 36499032 PMCID: PMC9736328 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In a protein, point mutations associated with diseases can alter the native structure and provide loss or alteration of functional levels, and an internal structural network defines the connectivity among domains, as well as aggregate/soluble states' equilibria. Nucleophosmin (NPM)1 is an abundant nucleolar protein, which becomes mutated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. NPM1-dependent leukemogenesis, which leads to its aggregation in the cytoplasm (NPMc+), is still obscure, but the investigations have outlined a direct link between AML mutations and amyloid aggregation. Protein aggregation can be due to the cooperation among several hot spots located within the aggregation-prone regions (APR), often predictable with bioinformatic tools. In the present study, we investigated potential APRs in the entire NPM1 not yet investigated. On the basis of bioinformatic predictions and experimental structures, we designed several protein fragments and analyzed them through typical aggrsegation experiments, such as Thioflavin T (ThT), fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) experiments, carried out at different times; in addition, their biocompatibility in SHSY5 cells was also evaluated. The presented data clearly demonstrate the existence of hot spots of aggregation located in different regions, mostly in the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the entire NPM1 protein, and provide a more comprehensive view of the molecular details potentially at the basis of NPMc+-dependent AML.
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10
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Li X, Ospitalieri S, Robberechts T, Hofmann L, Schmid C, Rijal Upadhaya A, Koper MJ, von Arnim CAF, Kumar S, Willem M, Gnoth K, Ramakers M, Schymkowitz J, Rousseau F, Walter J, Ronisz A, Balakrishnan K, Thal DR. Seeding, maturation and propagation of amyloid β-peptide aggregates in Alzheimer’s disease. Brain 2022; 145:3558-3570. [PMID: 36270003 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is neuropathologically characterized by the deposition of the amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) as amyloid plaques. Aβ plaque pathology starts in the neocortex before it propagates into further brain regions. Moreover, Aβ aggregates undergo maturation indicated by the occurrence of post-translational modifications. Here, we show that propagation of Aβ plaques is led by presumably non-modified Aβ followed by Aβ aggregate maturation. This sequence was seen neuropathologically in human brains and in amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice receiving intracerebral injections of human brain homogenates from cases varying in Aβ phase, Aβ load and Aβ maturation stage. The speed of propagation after seeding in mice was best related to the Aβ phase of the donor, the progression speed of maturation to the stage of Aβ aggregate maturation. Thus, different forms of Aβ can trigger propagation/maturation of Aβ aggregates, which may explain the lack of success when therapeutically targeting only specific forms of Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohang Li
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Laboratory of Neuropathology, Leuven Brain Institute, KU-Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Simona Ospitalieri
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Laboratory of Neuropathology, Leuven Brain Institute, KU-Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Tessa Robberechts
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Laboratory of Neuropathology, Leuven Brain Institute, KU-Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Linda Hofmann
- Institute of Pathology, Laboratory of Neuropathology, Ulm University , Ulm , Germany
| | - Christina Schmid
- Institute of Pathology, Laboratory of Neuropathology, Ulm University , Ulm , Germany
| | - Ajeet Rijal Upadhaya
- Institute of Pathology, Laboratory of Neuropathology, Ulm University , Ulm , Germany
| | - Marta J Koper
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Laboratory of Neuropathology, Leuven Brain Institute, KU-Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
- Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, KU-Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven Brain Institute , Leuven , Belgium
- Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Christine A F von Arnim
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University , Ulm , Germany
- Division of Geriatrics, University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany
| | - Sathish Kumar
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - Michael Willem
- Chair of Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Kathrin Gnoth
- Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology , Halle , Germany
| | - Meine Ramakers
- Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB , Leuven , Belgium
- Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU-Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Joost Schymkowitz
- Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB , Leuven , Belgium
- Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU-Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Frederic Rousseau
- Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB , Leuven , Belgium
- Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU-Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Jochen Walter
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - Alicja Ronisz
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Laboratory of Neuropathology, Leuven Brain Institute, KU-Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Karthikeyan Balakrishnan
- Institute of Pathology, Laboratory of Neuropathology, Ulm University , Ulm , Germany
- Department of Gene Therapy, Ulm University , Ulm , Germany
| | - Dietmar Rudolf Thal
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Laboratory of Neuropathology, Leuven Brain Institute, KU-Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
- Institute of Pathology, Laboratory of Neuropathology, Ulm University , Ulm , Germany
- Department of Pathology, UZ-Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
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11
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Murakami K, Ono K. Interactions of amyloid coaggregates with biomolecules and its relevance to neurodegeneration. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22493. [PMID: 35971743 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200235r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation of amyloidogenic proteins is a pathological hallmark of various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In these diseases, oligomeric intermediates or toxic aggregates of amyloids cause neuronal damage and degeneration. Despite the substantial effort made over recent decades to implement therapeutic interventions, these neurodegenerative diseases are not yet understood at the molecular level. In many cases, multiple disease-causing amyloids overlap in a sole pathological feature or a sole disease-causing amyloid represents multiple pathological features. Various amyloid pathologies can coexist in the same brain with or without clinical presentation and may even occur in individuals without disease. From sparse data, speculation has arisen regarding the coaggregation of amyloids with disparate amyloid species and other biomolecules, which are the same characteristics that make diagnostics and drug development challenging. However, advances in research related to biomolecular condensates and structural analysis have been used to overcome some of these challenges. Considering the development of these resources and techniques, herein we review the cross-seeding of amyloidosis, for example, involving the amyloids amyloid β, tau, α-synuclein, and human islet amyloid polypeptide, and their cross-inhibition by transthyretin and BRICHOS. The interplay of nucleic acid-binding proteins, such as prions, TAR DNA-binding protein 43, fused in sarcoma/translated in liposarcoma, and fragile X mental retardation polyglycine, with nucleic acids in the pathology of neurodegeneration are also described, and we thereby highlight the potential clinical applications in central nervous system therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Murakami
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Ono
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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12
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Liu F, Jiang L, Sang J, Lu F, Li L. Molecular basis of cross-interactions between Aβ and Tau protofibrils probed by molecular simulations. Chin J Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2022.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Al Adem K, Shanti A, Srivastava A, Homouz D, Thomas SA, Khair M, Stefanini C, Chan V, Kim TY, Lee S. Linking Alzheimer’s Disease and Type 2 Diabetes: Characterization and Inhibition of Cytotoxic Aβ and IAPP Hetero-Aggregates. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:842582. [PMID: 35372522 PMCID: PMC8968156 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.842582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytotoxic self-aggregation of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide and islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) is implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Type 2 diabetes (T2D), respectively. Increasing evidence, particularly the co-deposition of Aβ and IAPP in both brain and pancreatic tissues, suggests that Aβ and IAPP cross-interaction may be responsible for a pathological link between AD and T2D. Here, we examined the nature of IAPP-Aβ40 co-aggregation and its inhibition by small molecules. In specific, we characterized the kinetic profiles, morphologies, secondary structures and toxicities of IAPP-Aβ40 hetero-assemblies and compared them to those formed by their homo-assemblies. We demonstrated that monomeric IAPP and Aβ40 form stable hetero-dimers and hetero-assemblies that further aggregate into β-sheet-rich hetero-aggregates that are toxic (cell viability <50%) to both PC-12 cells, a neuronal cell model, and RIN-m5F cells, a pancreatic cell model for β-cells. We then selected polyphenolic candidates to inhibit IAPP or Aβ40 self-aggregation and examined the inhibitory effect of the most potent candidate on IAPP-Aβ40 co-aggregation. We demonstrated that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) form inter-molecular hydrogen bonds with each of IAPP and Aβ40. We also showed that EGCG reduced hetero-aggregate formation and resulted in lower β-sheets content and higher unordered structures in IAPP-Aβ40-EGCG samples. Importantly, we showed that EGCG is highly effective in reducing the toxicity of IAPP-Aβ40 hetero-aggregates on both cell models, specifically at concentrations that are equivalent to or are 2.5-fold higher than the mixed peptide concentrations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the inhibition of IAPP-Aβ40 co-aggregation by small molecules. We conclude that EGCG is a promising candidate to prevent co-aggregation and cytotoxicity of IAPP-Aβ40, which in turn, contribute to the pathological link between AD and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenana Al Adem
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aya Shanti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amit Srivastava
- Department of Physics, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dirar Homouz
- Department of Physics, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sneha Ann Thomas
- Core Technology Platforms, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mostafa Khair
- Core Technology Platforms, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Cesare Stefanini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vincent Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tae-Yeon Kim
- Department of Civil Infrastructure and Environmental Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sungmun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Khalifa University’s Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- *Correspondence: Sungmun Lee,
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14
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Amyloid Cross-Seeding: Mechanism, Implication, and Inhibition. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27061776. [PMID: 35335141 PMCID: PMC8955620 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Most neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, type 2 diabetes, Parkinson’s disease, etc. are caused by inclusions and plaques containing misfolded protein aggregates. These protein aggregates are essentially formed by the interactions of either the same (homologous) or different (heterologous) sequences. Several experimental pieces of evidence have revealed the presence of cross-seeding in amyloid proteins, which results in a multicomponent assembly; however, the molecular and structural details remain less explored. Here, we discuss the amyloid proteins and the cross-seeding phenomena in detail. Data suggest that targeting the common epitope of the interacting amyloid proteins may be a better therapeutic option than targeting only one species. We also examine the dual inhibitors that target the amyloid proteins participating in the cross-seeding events. The future scopes and major challenges in understanding the mechanism and developing therapeutics are also considered. Detailed knowledge of the amyloid cross-seeding will stimulate further research in the practical aspects and better designing anti-amyloid therapeutics.
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15
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Nag N, Tripathi T. Cross-Seeding with Homologous Sequences Alters Amyloid Aggregation Kinetics and Fibril Structure. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:537-539. [PMID: 35152697 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein aggregation through homotypic interactions is a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, heterotypic amyloid interactions through cross-seeding were found to modify protein aggregation and are reported in the brain of Alzheimer's disease patients. However, whether amyloid-β (Aβ) assembly can be modulated by heterotypic interactions between Aβ aggregation-prone regions (APRs) and short homologous segments in unrelated human proteins needs to be elucidated. A recent study revealed that the aggregation kinetics and fibril morphology of Aβ is altered by heterotypic interactions between its APRs and homologous segments of unrelated proteins. The data provide novel insights into the structure, origins, and aggregation principles of the amyloid assembly process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niharika Nag
- Molecular and Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India
| | - Timir Tripathi
- Molecular and Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India
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16
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Wagner J, Degenhardt K, Veit M, Louros N, Konstantoulea K, Skodras A, Wild K, Liu P, Obermüller U, Bansal V, Dalmia A, Häsler LM, Lambert M, De Vleeschouwer M, Davies HA, Madine J, Kronenberg-Versteeg D, Feederle R, Del Turco D, Nilsson KPR, Lashley T, Deller T, Gearing M, Walker LC, Heutink P, Rousseau F, Schymkowitz J, Jucker M, Neher JJ. Medin co-aggregates with vascular amyloid-β in Alzheimer's disease. Nature 2022; 612:123-131. [PMID: 36385530 PMCID: PMC9712113 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05440-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aggregates of medin amyloid (a fragment of the protein MFG-E8, also known as lactadherin) are found in the vasculature of almost all humans over 50 years of age1,2, making it the most common amyloid currently known. We recently reported that medin also aggregates in blood vessels of ageing wild-type mice, causing cerebrovascular dysfunction3. Here we demonstrate in amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) transgenic mice and in patients with Alzheimer's disease that medin co-localizes with vascular amyloid-β deposits, and that in mice, medin deficiency reduces vascular amyloid-β deposition by half. Moreover, in both the mouse and human brain, MFG-E8 is highly enriched in the vasculature and both MFG-E8 and medin levels increase with the severity of vascular amyloid-β burden. Additionally, analysing data from 566 individuals in the ROSMAP cohort, we find that patients with Alzheimer's disease have higher MFGE8 expression levels, which are attributable to vascular cells and are associated with increased measures of cognitive decline, independent of plaque and tau pathology. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that medin interacts directly with amyloid-β to promote its aggregation, as medin forms heterologous fibrils with amyloid-β, affects amyloid-β fibril structure, and cross-seeds amyloid-β aggregation both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, medin could be a therapeutic target for prevention of vascular damage and cognitive decline resulting from amyloid-β deposition in the blood vessels of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Wagner
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Graduate School of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karoline Degenhardt
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Graduate School of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marleen Veit
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Graduate School of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Louros
- grid.511015.1Switch Laboratory, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium ,grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katerina Konstantoulea
- grid.511015.1Switch Laboratory, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium ,grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Angelos Skodras
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katleen Wild
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ping Liu
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Graduate School of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Obermüller
- grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Vikas Bansal
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anupriya Dalmia
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lisa M. Häsler
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marius Lambert
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias De Vleeschouwer
- grid.511015.1Switch Laboratory, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium ,grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hannah A. Davies
- grid.10025.360000 0004 1936 8470Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK ,grid.10025.360000 0004 1936 8470Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jillian Madine
- grid.10025.360000 0004 1936 8470Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK ,grid.10025.360000 0004 1936 8470Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Deborah Kronenberg-Versteeg
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Regina Feederle
- grid.4567.00000 0004 0483 2525Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany ,grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Domenico Del Turco
- grid.7839.50000 0004 1936 9721Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Dr. Senckenberg Anatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - K. Peter R. Nilsson
- grid.5640.70000 0001 2162 9922Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Tammaryn Lashley
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK ,grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Thomas Deller
- grid.7839.50000 0004 1936 9721Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Dr. Senckenberg Anatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Marla Gearing
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Lary C. Walker
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Neurology and Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Peter Heutink
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frederic Rousseau
- grid.511015.1Switch Laboratory, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium ,grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joost Schymkowitz
- grid.511015.1Switch Laboratory, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium ,grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mathias Jucker
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jonas J. Neher
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Heterotypic amyloid interactions: Clues to polymorphic bias and selective cellular vulnerability? Curr Opin Struct Biol 2021; 72:176-186. [PMID: 34942566 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The number of atomic-resolution structures of disease-associated amyloids has greatly increased in recent years. These structures have confirmed not only the polymorphic nature of amyloids but also the association of specific polymorphs to particular proteinopathies. These observations are strengthening the view that amyloid polymorphism is a marker for specific pathological subtypes (e.g. in tauopathies or synucleinopathies). The nature of this association and how it relates to the selective cellular vulnerability of amyloid nucleation, propagation and toxicity are still unclear. Here, we provide an overview of the mechanistic insights provided by recent patient-derived amyloid structures. We discuss the framework organisation of amyloid polymorphism and how heterotypic amyloid interactions with the physiological environment could modify the solubility and assembly of amyloidogenic proteins. We conclude by hypothesising how such interactions could contribute to selective cellular vulnerability.
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